CN1993647B - Retardation compensating plate, retardation compensator, liquid crystal display device, and projection image display apparatus - Google Patents

Retardation compensating plate, retardation compensator, liquid crystal display device, and projection image display apparatus Download PDF

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Publication number
CN1993647B
CN1993647B CN2006800005066A CN200680000506A CN1993647B CN 1993647 B CN1993647 B CN 1993647B CN 2006800005066 A CN2006800005066 A CN 2006800005066A CN 200680000506 A CN200680000506 A CN 200680000506A CN 1993647 B CN1993647 B CN 1993647B
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liquid crystal
compensating plate
delay
retardation
face
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CN1993647A (en
Inventor
村本穰
关野智之
寺嶋英树
播磨龙哉
庄子幸枝
土井德明
森冈督大
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Sony Corp
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Sony Corp
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
    • G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
    • G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour 
    • G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
    • G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
    • G02F1/1333—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
    • G02F1/1335—Structural association of cells with optical devices, e.g. polarisers or reflectors
    • G02F1/13363—Birefringent elements, e.g. for optical compensation
    • G02F1/133634—Birefringent elements, e.g. for optical compensation the refractive index Nz perpendicular to the element surface being different from in-plane refractive indices Nx and Ny, e.g. biaxial or with normal optical axis
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
    • G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
    • G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour 
    • G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
    • G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
    • G02F1/1333—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
    • G02F1/1335—Structural association of cells with optical devices, e.g. polarisers or reflectors
    • G02F1/13363—Birefringent elements, e.g. for optical compensation
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B5/00—Optical elements other than lenses
    • G02B5/30—Polarising elements
    • G02B5/3083—Birefringent or phase retarding elements
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
    • G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
    • G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour 
    • G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
    • G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
    • G02F1/1333—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
    • G02F1/1335—Structural association of cells with optical devices, e.g. polarisers or reflectors

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Nonlinear Science (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Optics & Photonics (AREA)
  • Mathematical Physics (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
  • Liquid Crystal (AREA)
  • Polarising Elements (AREA)
  • Projection Apparatus (AREA)

Abstract

A phase difference compensator for compensating a residual phase difference of a liquid crystal panel (11) includes a phase difference compensation panel (50) having birefringence. The in-plane phase difference R0c of the phase difference compensation panel (50) and the in-plane phase difference R0p of the liquid crystal panel (11) satisfies the relationship: 1 < R0c/R0p = 10. This enables suppression of fluctuations of the compensation phase difference between the rotation angles when the phase difference compensation panel (50) is set for the liquid crystal panel (11). A liquid crystal display device and a projector type image display device using the phase difference compensator are also disclosed. Thus, it is possible to easily adjust the contrast and flexibly cope with irregularities of the residual phase difference of the respective liquid crystal panels (11).

Description

Retardation compensating plate, delay compensator, liquid crystal indicator and projection image display
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of retardation compensating plate of for example delay compensation of liquid crystal board, delay compensator, liquid crystal indicator and projection image display of employing retardation compensating plate of being used for.
Background technology
Be known as projection image display traditionally by enlarged image being projected to the projector of realizing large screen display on the screen.Recently, specifically, so-called liquid crystal projection apparatus has been popularized, this liquid crystal projection apparatus optical modulation from the light of light emitted and with optical projection to screen.Liquid crystal indicator comes display image with the display mode corresponding to the liquid crystal molecule type of using in the LCD panel.
For example, known liquid crystal indicator with the work of vertical alignment (VA) pattern, the liquid crystal molecule that wherein has a negative dielectric anisotropic are filled in the gap between the included a pair of substrate of liquid crystal board, with vertical transmission light.In the VA mode LCD, because when not applying electric field, liquid crystal molecule is substantially perpendicular to the interarea alignment of each substrate, and light does not change its plane of polarization basically by liquid crystal layer.Therefore, when not applying electric field, can be shown as black satisfactorily at the polarizer of each setting of substrate top and bottom.On the contrary, when applying electric field, the interarea oblique alignment of the relative substrate of liquid crystal molecule, and synthetic birefringence rotation incident polarization surface.With compare with the liquid crystal indicator of twisted nematic (TN) pattern work, the VA mode LCD has the advantage that realizes higher contrast.
The VA mode LCD is by obtaining birefringence at the process medium dip alignment liquid crystal molecule that applies electric field.Therefore, when not applying electric field, liquid crystal molecule aligns with negative incidence (tilt angle) in advance.Because when not applying electric field, liquid crystal molecule is not exclusively vertical and tilt a little with respect to the interarea of substrate, occurs residual delay in liquid crystal board.As a result, normal polarization of incident light face tilts a little, just causes the light leak of polarizer, thereby reduces contrast.
In addition, in the VA mode LCD, when not applying electric field, produce delay with respect to the incident light that tilts.Therefore, obtain high brightness if increase the cone angle (F# reduces) of incident light, contrast can reduce.
The known projection image display device is such as three liquid crystal projection apparatus that have corresponding to three liquid crystal boards of three kinds of colors (RGB).Projection image display uses prism-type polarization beam apparatus (PBS) to carry out polarization separation usually.Yet prism-type PBS has big angle-dependence, causes the reduction of contrast.If it is limit cone angle, unfavorable aspect brightness in order to keep enough contrasts.
In order to address this problem, propose between liquid crystal board and polaroid, to be provided with the technology (referring to Jap.P. No.3019813) that quarter-wave plate alleviates the contrast reduction that is caused by prism-type PBS.
Someone proposes a kind of like this method, use has the combination of wire grid polarizer (replace prism-type PBS), reflective liquid crystal plate and the retardation plate of low-angle correlativity, and wherein retardation plate is used to compensate because the residual delay that the pre-dumping of liquid crystal board causes and with respect to the delay (referring to Japanese Unexamined Patent Application No.2005-18071) of oblique incidence light.
Japanese Unexamined Patent Application No.2000-227520 discloses a kind of technology of utilizing one or more combinations with phase shift films of different refraction performances to form retardation plate.
Summary of the invention
Other aspects of the present invention and advantage, part will be described below middle elaboration, and part is obvious from instructions, maybe can understand by putting into practice the present invention.
Yet, because being rotated in the liquid crystal board of polaroid of being caused by pre-dumping changes, so the residual delay that will compensate changes in liquid crystal board.In addition, because exist the angle of another optics that is provided with to change, quarter-wave plate only is set between liquid crystal board and polaroid is difficult to stably adjust contrast.
Consider a kind of like this method, adjust contrast by winding perpendicular to the axis rotation quarter-wave plate at liquid crystal board center, this axle plays the turning axle effect.But,, need high precision to rotate quarter-wave plate because quarter-wave plate has very big amount of delay with respect to rotation angle (for example, 0.5 degree or littler).Therefore, contrast optimization is very difficult.
Residual delay and realization high-contrast in order to compensate liquid crystal panel need have the retardation plate that postpones very in a small amount.Although retardation changes according to the liquid crystal panel that uses, need have the retardation plate that fine delay of postponing in 30nm or the littler plane measures.
The present invention is intended to address the above problem.The purpose of this invention is to provide a kind of retardation compensating plate, delay compensator, liquid crystal indicator and projection image display, they can easily adjust the variation of contrast and flexible adaptation liquid crystal panel.
In order to address this problem, the invention provides a kind of retardation plate that compensates the residual delay of liquid crystal board, and this retardation compensating plate has birefringence.Postpone in the face of retardation compensating plate to postpone in the face greater than liquid crystal board.More particularly, the interior R0p of delay of face that postpones R0c and liquid crystal board in the face of retardation compensating plate satisfies the relation of 1＜R0c/R0p≤10.
In the present invention, satisfy the relation of 1＜R0c/R0p≤10 because postpone the interior R0p of delay of the face of R0c and liquid crystal board in the face of retardation compensating plate, in the rotation angle that produces when retardation compensating plate is set with respect to liquid crystal board, the variation of compensating delay amount can be limited in the very narrow limit.Therefore, contrast can be easily adjusted, the variation of the residual delay of each liquid crystal board can be regulated neatly.
Preferably, delay can be 30nm or littler in the face of retardation compensating plate.This is because if postpone to surpass 30nm in the face of retardation compensating plate, it is too big with respect to postponing R0p in the face of liquid crystal board to postpone R0c in the face of retardation compensating plate, therefore makes it be difficult to compensate small delay.
In this case, constituting the retardation compensating plate of the stepped construction of two-layer or multilayer phase shift films, and optical axis (slow axis) at least one the face of combination and the phase shift films of another phase shift films different directions, can make to postpone acquisition high precision easily in the required face.The quantity stacked according to phase shift films can be adjusted the vertical delay of retardation compensating plate.Specifically, preferred retardation compensating plate has negative vertical delay.
Preferably, retardation compensating plate can comprise the anti-reflective film at least one that is arranged in two interareas of retardation compensating plate.Preferably, retardation compensating plate can be arranged on the liquid crystal board, makes the slow axis of retardation compensating plate spend with respect to the slow axis rotation 45～85 of liquid crystal board.Preferably, retardation compensating plate can comprise isotropic transparent support and the birefringent layers that is arranged on the transparent support.
In instructions, in nx and ny are the face of phase shift films during main refraction coefficient, nz is the refraction coefficient of thickness direction, d is the thickness of phase shift films, nx represents optical axis (slow axis), and ny represents fast axle, poor in the Δ n=nx-ny presentation surface between the refraction coefficient, postpone in Δ n * d presentation surface, or be reduced to delay.The quantity (numerical value) that postpones can be represented the amount that postpones.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 illustrates the schematic structure of projection image display according to an embodiment of the invention.
The schematic structure of Fig. 2 diagram projection image display according to another embodiment of the invention.
Fig. 3 is the sectional view of the structure of indicative icon liquid crystal indicator according to an embodiment of the invention.
Fig. 4 is the indicative icon planimetric map of the structure of delay compensator according to an embodiment of the invention.
Fig. 5 is the sectional view that profile line [5]-[5] section along Fig. 4.
Fig. 6 A is the sectional view of the example structure of indicative icon retardation compensating plate.
Fig. 6 B is the sectional view of the example structure of indicative icon retardation compensating plate.
Fig. 7 is the synoptic diagram that is used to explain the relation between the slow axis of the slow axis of liquid crystal board and retardation compensating plate.
Fig. 8 is the synoptic diagram of the slow-axis direction of diagram liquid crystal board.
Fig. 9 is the synoptic diagram of the slow-axis direction of diagram retardation compensating plate.
Figure 10 illustrates the relation between the amount of the rotation angle of retardation compensating plate and liquid crystal board and compensating delay.
When a plurality of retardation compensating plates of Figure 11 diagram delay in having coplanar not are applied to liquid crystal board, the relation between the rotation angle of each retardation compensating plate and the amount of compensating delay.
Figure 12 A represents to use the contrast measurement result of retardation compensating plate.
Figure 12 B represents to use the contrast measurement result with the retardation compensating plate that postpones with the retardation compensating plate different vertical shown in Figure 12 A.
Figure 13 A represents to use the delay compensation characteristic of the retardation compensating plate that bonding agent 1 forms.
Figure 13 B represents to use the delay compensation characteristic of the retardation compensating plate that bonding agent 2 forms, and it postpones to have different differences with the delay in the face of the retardation plate of room temperature and 80 ℃ of the compensating plate of bonding agent 1 formation shown in Figure 13 A in the face of room temperature and 80 ℃ retardation plate.
Figure 14 A is the diagrammatic sketch that is used to explain the concrete example of the method that forms the retardation plate that comprises birefringent layers, and illustrates the direction of the optical axis (slow axis) of each film.
Figure 14 B is the diagrammatic sketch that is used to explain the concrete example of the method that forms the retardation plate that comprises birefringent layers, and the data plot of the relation between diagram expression optical axis rotation angle and the whole film retardation.
Figure 15 is the diagrammatic sketch that is used to explain another concrete example of the method that forms the retardation plate that comprises birefringent layers, and the data plot of the relation between diagram expression optical axis rotation angle and the whole film retardation.
Figure 16 A is the diagrammatic sketch that is used to explain another concrete example of the method that forms the retardation plate that comprises birefringent layers, and illustrates the direction of the optical axis (slow axis) of each film.
Figure 16 B is the diagrammatic sketch that is used to explain the concrete example of the method that forms the retardation plate that comprises birefringent layers, and the data plot of the relation between diagram expression optical axis rotation angle and the whole film retardation.
Figure 17 is shown in two kinds of phase shift films, and a kind of phase shift films has in the face of 70nm and postpones, postpones in the face that another kind of phase shift films has 50nm, with the angle-dependence of the effective delay under the folded situation of the stacked angleplied laminate of 90 °, 67.5 ° and 45 °.
Figure 18 is shown in and prepares every layer of other two membranes with the two membranes of delay in the 5nm face, every layer of other two membranes with the interior delay of 50nm face, every layer of interior other two membranes that postpones of the face with 100nm, every layer of interior delay of the face with 200nm, the two membranes of identical type is with under the folded situation of 45 ° stacked angleplied laminate, effectively the angle-dependence that postpones.
Figure 19 diagram is about the variation of the compensating delay amount of the rotation angle of example 1.
Figure 20 diagram is about the variation of the compensating delay amount of the rotation angle of Fig. 1-3.
Embodiment
Embodiment of the invention will be described with reference to drawings.
Retardation compensating plate and delay compensator are used for compensating the residual delay of the projection image display liquid crystal board that comprises liquid crystal indicator.An example structure and its operation of projection image display at first, are described with reference to Fig. 1.
[projection image display]
Fig. 1 represents the schematic structure according to the projection image display 15A of the embodiment of the invention.Projection image display 15A is so-called three-plate type liquid crystal projection apparatus, and it uses three liquid crystal light valve color displays corresponding to the red, green, blue composition.As shown in Figure 1, projection image display 15A comprises: liquid crystal indicator 1R, 1G and 1B, light source 2, dichronic mirror 3 and 4, completely reflecting mirror 5, polarization beam apparatus 6R, 6G and 6B, combined prism 8 and projecting lens 9.
Light source 2 is used to launch and comprises and need the light beam of color display indigo plant L B, blue beam L G, red beam L RLight source light (white light) L, and comprise for example Halogen lamp LED, metal helium lamp or xenon lamp.
Dichronic mirror 3 has light source light L is divided into blue beam L B, other color beam L GBFunction.Dichronic mirror 4 has and will see through the light beam L of dichronic mirror 3 GBBe divided into red beam L RWith blue beam L GFunction.The blue beam L that completely reflecting mirror 5 will be separated by dichronic mirror 3 BReflect towards polarization beam apparatus 6B.
Polarization beam apparatus 6R, 6G and 6B are prism-type polarization separation elements, respectively along red beam L R, blue beam L G, and blue beam L BThe optical axis setting.Polarization beam apparatus 6R, 6G and 6B have polarization separation face 7R, 7G and 7B respectively, and have the function with the orthogonal two kinds of polarized light components of being separated into of every kind of seperate color incident beam.Each polarization separation face 7R, 7G and 7B reflect first polarized light component (for example, the S polarized light component), allow second polarized light component (for example, P polarized light component) see through.
Liquid crystal indicator 1R, 1G and 1B receive the seperate color incident beam, and it has the polarization separation face 7R that is polarized beam splitter 6R, 6G and 6B respectively, the predetermined polarisation light component (for example, S polarized light component) that 7G separates with 7B. Liquid crystal indicator 1R, 1G and 1B are driven according to the driving voltage that applies based on picture signal, have modulating the incident light and respectively towards the function of polarization beam apparatus 6R, 6G and 6B reflection modulation light.
Between polarization beam apparatus 6R, 6G and 6B and liquid crystal indicator 1R, 1G and 1B, quarter-wave plate 13R, 13G and 13B are set respectively.Quarter-wave plate 13R, 13G and 13B have and reduce because the function of the contrast decline that the incident angle of light correlativity of polarization beam apparatus 6R, 6G and 6B causes.Delay compensator 40 has the function of the residual delay of the liquid crystal board that comprises among compensation liquid crystal indicator 1R, 1G and the 1B.Be described in more detail below delay compensator 40.
Combined prism 8 has the function of mixed colors light beam, and column of colour has predetermined polarisation light component (for example, the P polarized light component), and it sees through polarization beam apparatus 6R, 6G and 6B from liquid crystal indicator 1R, 1G and 1B emission back.Projecting lens 9 has towards the function of the light of screen 10 projection combined prisms 8 mixing.
Next, explain the operation of the projection image display 15A with said structure.
At first, because the effect of dichronic mirror 3, the white light L that launches from light source 2 is divided into blue beam L BWith other color beam (red and blue beam) L GBSince the effect of completely reflecting mirror 5, blue beam L BReflect towards polarization beam apparatus 6B.
Then, since the effect of dichronic mirror 4, other color beam (red and blue beam) L GBBe divided into red beam L RWith blue beam L GThe red beam L that separates RWith the blue beam L that separates GIncide polarization beam apparatus 6R and 6G respectively.
Polarization beam apparatus 6R, 6G and 6B are divided into orthogonal two kinds of polarized light components at polarization separation face 7R, 7G and 7B with the seperate color light beam that receives respectively.Simultaneously, polarization separation face 7R, 7G and 7B reflect first polarized light component (for example, S polarized light component) towards liquid crystal indicator 1R, 1G and 1B respectively. Liquid crystal indicator 1R, 1G and 1B are driven according to the driving voltage that applies based on picture signal, and are the seperate color light beam that the unit modulation has the reception of predetermined polarisation light component with the pixel.
Liquid crystal indicator 1R, 1G and 1B are respectively towards polarization beam apparatus 6R, 6G and the independent column of colour of modulating of 6B reflection.Polarization beam apparatus 6R, 6G and 6B only allow the predetermined polarisation light component from liquid crystal indicator 1R, 1G and 1B beam reflected (modulated beam of light) pass through, thereby they are launched towards combined prism 8.
Combined prism 8 mixes through polarization beam apparatus 6R, 6G and 6B, has the column of colour of predetermined polarisation light component.Projecting lens 9 will be from the mixed light of combined prism 8 emission towards screen 10 projections.Therefore, the image projection relevant with 1B with using liquid crystal indicator 1R, 1G shows thereby carry out desired images on screen 10.
Fig. 2 diagram is according to another example of projection image display of the present invention.Shown in projection image display in, wire-grid polarizer 16R, 16G and 16B are set, as the polarization separation element, replace prism-type polarization beam apparatus 6 shown in Figure 1.In Fig. 2,, use the Reference numeral identical with Fig. 1 for corresponding element.
Use wire-grid polarizer not need quarter-wave plate, because compare with the prism-type polarization beam apparatus, wiregrating has very little angle-dependence and very high thermotolerance.As a result, wire-grid polarizer can be suitable for use as the polarization separation element of projection image display, and the projection image display utilization has the light source of a large amount of light.In this example, by with Fig. 1 identical operations, display image on the screen (not shown).
In Fig. 2, Reference numeral 17 expression completely reflecting mirrors, Reference numeral 18 expression relay lenss.An example structure of Fig. 2 illustrated light source 2.Reference numeral 25 expressions are used to produce the lamp unit of light source light L, Reference numeral 27 and a pair of microlens array of 28 expressions, be used to make the brightness of light source light L even, Reference numeral 28 expression PS converters, be used for the polarization direction of light source light L is converted to the polarized wave of a polarization direction, lens are adjusted in Reference numeral 29 expressions, are used to adjust the radiation position of light source light L.
Wire-grid polarizer in transparent substrates (for example is, glass) upward form, spacing, width and height are parallel to the polarized light component of metal wire and allow the polarized light component that is parallel to metal wire see through by reflection less than the grid of the lametta of lambda1-wavelength, can produce the predetermined polarisation characteristic.Under the situation of placing perpendicular to incident light, wire-grid polarizer plays the effect of polarizer.On the contrary, as shown in Figure 2, be not orthogonal at wire-grid polarizer under the situation of incident light placement, wire-grid polarizer plays the effect of polarization beam apparatus.When wire-grid polarizer was used as polarization beam apparatus, LCD did not need polaroid.
[liquid crystal indicator]
With reference to Fig. 3, liquid crystal indicator 1R, 1G and 1B are described below.Fig. 3 illustrates the structure of liquid crystal indicator 1R, 1G and 1B according to an embodiment of the invention.As shown in Figure 3, each liquid crystal indicator 1R, 1G and 1B have comprised the liquid crystal board 11 of light valve effect and have been arranged on the delay compensator 40 of the side of the liquid crystal board opposite with polarization beam apparatus 11.
Liquid crystal board 11 for example is a reflection homotype liquid crystal cell, liquid crystal molecule vertical alignment during not applying voltage wherein, and this liquid crystal board comprises: relative substrate 20, pixel electrode substrate 30 and liquid crystal layer 12, wherein, relatively substrate and pixel electrode substrate toward each other, at filling liquid crystal molecule between substrate 20 and the pixel electrode substrate 30 relatively.As the liquid crystal that constitutes liquid crystal layer 12, use to have negative dielectric anisotropic, for example, have the nematic liquid crystal of negative dielectric anisotropic.
Substrate 20 forms by stacked in order transparency electrode 22 and oriented layer 23 on transparent base 21 relatively.Transparent base 21 for example is the glass substrate that is formed by soda-lime glass, non-alkali glass or silex glass.Transparency electrode 22 is formed by the transparent conductive oxide material, such as, indium tin oxide (ITO), it is tin oxide (SnO 2) and indium oxide (In 2O 3) solid solution that waits.Transparency electrode 22 has the current potential common with whole pixel region (for example, earthing potential).
Oriented layer 23 is for example formed by the polyimide organic compound, and its first surface process in the face of liquid crystal layer 12 is ground, so that constitute the liquid crystal molecule of liquid crystal layer 12 along the predetermined direction alignment.
Pixel electrode substrate 30 forms by stacked in order reflection electrode layer 33 and oriented layer 34 on support substrate 31.Support substrate 31 for example is a silicon substrate.On support substrate 31, for example conversion element 32 of complementary metal oxide semiconductor (CMOS) (CMOS) type is set.Reflection electrode layer 33 comprises a plurality of reflective pixel electrodes.These pixel electrodes are configured such that by on-off element 32 and apply driving voltage thereon.
As the material of pixel electrode, can preferably have the material of highly reflective to visible light, for example, use aluminium.If have the situation of the oriented layer 23 of relative substrate 20, oriented layer 34 is for example formed by the polyimide organic compound, and it is in the face of the first surface process grinding of liquid crystal layer 12, so that constitute the liquid crystal molecule of liquid crystal layer 12 along the predetermined direction alignment.
[delay compensator]
Describe in detail below according to the present invention as the delay compensator 40 of optical compensatory element.Delay compensator 40 is arranged on the liquid crystal board 11 of each liquid crystal indicator 1R, 1G with said structure and 1B.
Fig. 4 is the planimetric map of an example of diagram delay compensator 40.Fig. 5 is the sectional view of the example of diagram delay compensator 40.Shown in Figure 4 and 5, delay compensator 40 comprises: retardation compensating plate 50, the rotary body 41 that is used for rotational latency compensating plate 50 and carrier unit 42, carrier unit 42 is used to keep rotary body 41, so that allow rotary body 41 rotate freely around axis, this axis is as turning axle and 00 interarea perpendicular to liquid crystal board 11.
As shown in Figure 5, delay compensator 40 usefulness O type rings 45 are installed on the liquid crystal board 11 hermetically.Airtight installation like this can prevent that dust from entering the gap between liquid crystal board 11 and the delay compensator 40.Rotary body 41 and carrier unit 42 are examples of rotation mode of the present invention.
Rotary body 41 is dish types, is included in the rectangular aperture 41a at its center.Constitute rotary body 41 and be configured to retardation compensating plate 50 is remained on wherein, and when retardation compensating plate 50 remained in the rotary body 41, retardation compensating plate 50 exposed by opening 41a.
Carrier unit 42 keeps rotary body 41, makes rotary body 41 can wind the axis direction rotation in the face of liquid crystal board 11 perpendicular to liquid crystal board 11 interareas, and this plays the effect of turning axle.Carrier unit 42 is rectangular sheet and the circular open 42a that is included in its center.The side 42b of opening 42a caves in equably, so that rotary body 41 can be installed.The side of carrier unit 42 is provided with the angular setting part 44 that connects rotary body 41 end faces.When the direction of representing along arrow a when angular setting part 44 moves, the collaborative rotation of direction that rotary body 41 is represented along arrow b.Around opening 42a, be provided with one or more than one gib screw 43, be used for fixing the position of rotary body 41.When the quantity of gib screw 43 was two or more, gib screw 43 evenly distributed.Fixedly the method for the position of rotary body 41 is not limited to use gib screw 43 after adjustment.For example, rotary body 41 can utilize bonding agent bonding and be fixed on the carrier unit 42, or replacedly, clamp system can be set, and is used for mechanically keeping the adjustment position of angular setting part 44.
Delay compensator 40 according to present embodiment is arranged between each polarization beam apparatus 6R, 6G and 6B or each wire-grid polarizer 16R, 16G and 16B and each liquid crystal board 11 (Fig. 1 and 2).Wind the axis rotational latency compensating plate 50 perpendicular to liquid crystal board 11, this plays turning axle, and can make contrast adjusted with respect to the rotation angle that each slow axis of liquid crystal board 11 is suitably set the slow axis of retardation compensating plate 50.By operation, set the direction of the slow axis of retardation compensating plate 50 along the direction anglec of rotation adjustment part 44 of arrow a.
Fig. 6 A is the sectional view of an example structure of diagram retardation compensating plate 50.Retardation compensating plate 50 has the effect of the residual delay that causes of pre-dumping of compensation liquid crystal molecule.As shown in Figure 6A, retardation compensating plate 50 comprises: support 51, be arranged on and support 51 in the face of anti-reflective film 52, the birefringent layers 53 of the first surface of liquid crystal board 11 be formed in order and support 51 in the face of the anti-reflective films 54 on the second surface of combined prism 8.
Shown in Fig. 6 B, retardation compensating plate 50 also comprises the support 55 that is arranged between birefringent layers 53 and the anti-reflective film 54, so that birefringent layers 53 is clamped in a pair of support 51 and 55.The material of support 55 can be identical with the material that supports 51.This structure can increase the permanance that bearing temperature changes.
The structure of retardation compensating plate 50 is not limited to said structure.For example, when birefringent layers 53 complete (independently) can independently exist, do not use and support 51 and 55.When not using when supporting 51 and 55, anti-reflective film 52 and 54 is formed directly on the respective face of two interareas of birefringent layers 53.
Support 51 and be used to support birefringent layers 53, have transparency and isotropy.Material as supporting 51 for example, can use glass such as soda-lime glass, non-alkali glass, silex glass etc., plastics etc.Preferably, can use glass, to obtain good isotropy.
Anti-reflective film 52 and 54 is used to prevent incident light, and (for example, red, green and blue light components) reflection preferably has 1% or littler reflectivity.1% or littler reflectivity can reduce the contrast that causes by reflected light and descend. Anti-reflective film 52 and 54 each for example be the two-layer or more multi-layered multi-layer anti-reflective film of individual layer anti-reflective film.The example that forms the method for these anti-reflective films comprises sputter.
Birefringent layers 53 comprises having in small and postpones and the retardation plate of negative vertical delay.Preferably, birefringent layers 53 can have and postpones and the stability of the interior optical axis direction of face, high-transmission rate, high viscosity etc.More preferably, birefringent layers 53 has the characteristic of high heat-resisting, low suction, little photoelastic coefficient etc.Example with film of these characteristics comprises norborene basement membrane, polycarbonate (PC) film, tri cellulose acetate membrane, polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) film etc.
As the bonding agent of bonding support 51 and birefringent layers 53, the preferred use has isotropy and along with environmental change (for example, thermal distortion) optical property changes very little bonding agent.For example, use pressure sensitivity bonding agent (for example, adhesive sheet), the solid bonding agent of light (for example, the solid bonding agent of ultraviolet curing bonding agent or visible light), or thermosetting resin bonding agent.
Birefringent layers 53 is used to compensate because the delay that the pre-dumping of liquid crystal molecule causes.Postpone in the face of retardation compensating plate 50 to adjust by delay in the face of birefringent layers 53.In this embodiment, postpone to set for the relation that satisfies 1＜R0c/R0p≤10, more preferably 2≤R0c/R0p≤10, most preferably 5≤R0c/R0p≤8 in the face of birefringent layers 53, wherein R0c represents interior delay of face of birefringent layers 53, and R0p represents the interior delay of the face of liquid crystal board 11.
If 1 〉=R0c/R0p, the amount of compensating delay is not enough easily, or regulates the variation that postpones in the liquid crystal board 11, or the angle of placement optics is very difficult, because the restriction at angle is adjusted in the rotation of retardation compensating plate 50.If 10＜R0c/R0p, the variation of the amount of the compensating delay of retardation compensating plate 50 is very big with respect to rotation, therefore, is difficult to adjust subtly.
Fig. 7 is the synoptic diagram of the slow-axis direction of diagram retardation compensating plate 50.As shown in Figure 7, the direction setting of the slow axis R2 of retardation compensating plate 50 becomes the direction anglec of rotation θ with respect to the slow axis R1 of liquid crystal board.Angle θ between the slow axis R1 of the slow axis R2 of retardation compensating plate 50 and liquid crystal board is set in the scope of 45-85 degree, the more preferably scope of 45-65 degree.The direction of the direction indication liquid crystal molecules tilt alignment of the slow axis R1 of liquid crystal board 11.
The direction of slow axis R2 depends on the interior value of (R0p) and the value of retardation compensating plate 50 of postponing of the face of liquid crystal board 11.In other words, the rotation of the optical axis of retardation compensating plate 50 makes that the interior delay of face of delay compensator 40 is identical with the interior delay of the face of liquid crystal board 11, and their combinations.Formation delay compensator 40 makes retardation compensating plate 50 to rotate an angle in the scope of ± 10 degree (spending to+10 degree from-10).
Explain below with reference to concrete example.
Fig. 8 is the synoptic diagram of the slow-axis direction of diagram liquid crystal board.Fig. 9 is the synoptic diagram of the slow-axis direction of diagram retardation compensating plate.For example, the fine delay compensating plate that postpones 6nm in face is arranged under the situation on the liquid crystal board that postpones 3nm in the face, Figure 10 illustrate when retardation compensating plate from 0 degree when turning clockwise, relation between rotation angle (θ) and the compensating delay amount, the slow axis R1 of liquid crystal board overlaps with the slow axis R2 of retardation plate when 0 spends.In Figure 10, the dotted line that length replaces represents to use the measurement result of quarter-wave plate (have in the 128nm face and postpone) compensation.
In the embodiment shown in fig. 10, when postponing to be 3nm in the face of liquid crystal board, the amount of needs-3nm is as the amount of the compensating delay of retardation compensating plate.Therefore, if quarter-wave plate is used as retardation compensating plate, because the variation of compensating delay amount is enough big with respect to the rotation of its slow axis, the precision that needs the rotation angle of setting slow axis is ± 0.5 degree or littler, with the compensating delay amount of acquisition-3nm level.Therefore, the optimization of contrast is very difficult.If have displacement at slow-axis direction, compensate function reduces widely, because the compensating delay amount changes in large quantities.
In contrast, when fine delay that postpones 6nm in use face during compensating plate, need about 60 degree of rotation slow axis R2, with the compensating delay amount of acquisition-3nm.In this case, because the variation of compensating delay amount is very little with respect to the rotation of its slow axis, because slow axis R2 rotation ± 10 degree, the meticulous adjustment of contrast is easy to, and can regulate the variation of liquid crystal board.Find that therefrom even when there is displacement in the direction of slow axis R2, the reduction of compensate function is very little.
As mentioned above, adjust the slow axis of fine delay compensating plate and provide the rotating mechanism of meticulous adjustment to make the delay compensation of the pre-dumping quantitative changeization of high-precision contrast optimization and flexible liquid crystal board become possibility.
Figure 11 illustrates when ratio (R0c/R0p) variation that postpones in the face that postpones R0c and liquid crystal board in the face of retardation compensating plate between the R0p, the relation between the compensating delay amount of the rotation angle of slow axis R2 and retardation compensating plate.Postponing R0p in the situation that the example shown of Figure 11 is such, the face of liquid crystal board is 3nm, and postponing R0c in the face of fine delay compensating plate is 3nm (R0c/R0p=1), 4.5nm (R0c/R0p=1.5), 6nm (R0c/R0p=2) and 9nm (R0c/R0p=3).
As shown in figure 11, when R0c/R0p=1, the slow axis R2 by retardation compensating plate rotates about 85 degree with respect to the slow axis R1 of liquid crystal board, obtains approximately-the compensating delay amount of 3nm.The variation of compensating delay amount is very little with respect to the variation of shaft position, degree of comparing compensation stably., if postpone in the face of liquid crystal board to change 3nm, must adjust rotation angle ± 10 degree or bigger significantly, thereby can not obtain the necessary amounts of compensating delay.In addition, because the structure of delay compensator is installed, be difficult to provide rotating mechanism on liquid crystal board up to ± 10 degree or bigger rotational latency compensating plate.
By contrast, when R0c/R0p=1.5, the slow axis R2 by retardation compensating plate rotates about 65 degree with respect to the slow axis R1 of liquid crystal board, obtains approximately-the compensating delay amount of 3nm.For its about 62～63 degree of R0c/R0p=2 rotation and for its about 52 degree of R0c/R0p=2 rotation, with the compensating delay amount that obtains to equate.The variation of compensating delay amount is with respect to the variation of the shaft position situation greater than R0c/R0p=1, but they are big unlike the compensating delay amount of quarter-wave plate, thereby very little to the influence of contrast.In addition, may adjust the compensating delay amount greater than with less than-3nm, thereby can have the optimization of the liquid crystal board that retardation changes.And, the retardation of liquid crystal board change can the rotation of retardation compensating plate adjust the angle ± 10 degree or littler scope in adjusting.
As mentioned above, postpone in the face of retardation compensating plate to postpone R0p in the face of R0c greater than liquid crystal board, thereby satisfy the relational expression of R0c/R0p＞1, therefore, allow the interior retardation of face of liquid crystal board obtain high-accuracy compensation and contrast is adjusted easily.
Usually, residual delay is small amount in the face of the last homotype liquid crystal of silicon plate (LCOS).Therefore, during delay compensation, contrast is to the delay heterogeneity sensitivity of retardation plate.As a result, the delay heterogeneity of retardation plate for example preferred ± 2nm or littler.In addition, along with the increase of cone angle, contrast is more responsive to the heterogeneity of the vertical delay of retardation plate.Therefore, the vertical heterogeneity of retardation plate for example preferred ± 10nm or littler.The delay heterogeneity of retardation plate depends on the degree of molecular orientation of employed film, the photoelastic coefficient of light-cured resin etc.When film is used as retardation plate, preferred molecular orientation degree height, optical axis direction and the stable film of retardation.Preferred light-cured resin has the littler anisotropy that pressure causes.
Table 1 illustrates the interior example that postpones the relation between heterogeneity and the contrast of face of retardation plate.In this example, utilize postpone in the face heteropical amount for ± 0.5nm, ± 1nm, ± 2nm and ± 3nm and have the sample that same vertical postpones and measure contrast.Table 2 illustrates the vertical delay heterogeneity of retardation plate and an example of the relation between the contrast.In this example, use the heteropical amount of vertical delay for ± 5nm, ± 10nm, ± 20nm and ± 30nm and have the sample that postpones in the identical faces and measure contrast.
The measurement that the RETS-100 of use Otsuke Electronics Co., Ltd. postpones.Utilize optical system (F#=2.5) and based on the standard evaluation of degree of comparing as a reference of ± 500 center contrast value.
[table 1]
Heterogeneity (nm) in the face Contrast is estimated
±0.5 ○
±1 ○
±2 ○
±3 ×
[table 2]
Vertical heterogeneity (nm) Contrast is estimated
±5 ○
±10 ○
±20 ×
±30 ×
Table 1 and 2 result represent by the heterogeneity that will postpone in the face be set in ± heterogeneity of 2nm or littler and vertical delay is set in ± 10nm or littler, can obtain high-contrast in little F#.
Figure 12 A and 12B diagram are when utilizing its difference only to be each retardation plate formation delay compensator of vertical delay (Rth) amount, corresponding to the contrast value of the sample (retardation compensating plate) that utilizes homotype reflective liquid crystal plate, wire-grid polarizer and optical system (F#=2.5) to measure.The interior delay of face that has 12nm as all retardation plates of sample.Its vertical delay (Rth) is 124nm, 140nm, 180nm, 200nm, 270nm and 388nm.Postponing (R0p) in the face of adjacent liquid crystal board is 2.5nm.Afterwards, measure the contrast that produces by each retardation plate compensating delay (R0p) of rotation.In this example, the incident light of green spectral is used for contrast to be measured, and the anti-reflective film that forms on the retardation plate surface is designed to light to green light belt and has 1% or littler reflectivity.
Shown in Figure 12 A and 12B, be the sample of 180nm for the vertical delay of retardation plate, obtain 6,074: 1 high-contrast.Even this expression can reach high-contrast in the little optical system of F#=2.5.Simultaneously, can find, because approach Rnc+Rnp=0 (20＜n＜20) with respect to the delay Rnc of incident light and at the direction liquid crystal board of inclination n degree with respect to the relation between the delay Rnp of incident light at the direction retardation plate of inclination n degree, thereby obtain high-contrast.
In the light engine of above-mentioned projection image display, because several ten million lux light are incident on the retardation compensating plate 50, so obtain high-fire resistance and high-light-fastness.Therefore, it is preferably has following temperature dynamic characteristic, wherein retardation plate in room temperature (25 ℃) face (Re25), postpone and the difference of retardation plate between in the face of 80 ℃ (Re80), postponing very little, for example, 2nm or littler.
The temperature dynamic characteristic depends on the photoelastic coefficient of thermal characteristics, employed film, the relation of the expansion coefficient between support, film and adhesive linkage.Particularly, because the adhesive linkage of the transparent support of bonding retardation plate and support retardation plate shows anisotropy, this anisotropy depends on the shape of the stress acquisition that is caused by thermal conductance, and preferably, the refractive index of adhesive linkage is very little with STRESS VARIATION.Figure 13 A and 13B diagram are used the thermal characteristics of bonding agent 1 and 2 two kinds of samples that form respectively.The slow axis of the retardation compensating plate that Figure 13 A diagram use bonding agent 1 forms is with respect to the rotation angle of the slow axis of liquid crystal board and the relation between the compensating delay amount, and the slow axis of the retardation compensating plate that Figure 13 B diagram use bonding agent 2 forms is with respect to the rotation angle of the slow axis of liquid crystal board and the relation between the compensating delay amount.Table 3 is illustrated in room temperature and 80 ℃ the interior delay of face and the contrast evaluation result of bonding agent 1 and 2.
[table 3]
Re25℃(nm) Re80℃(nm) Contrast is estimated
Bonding agent 1 12.2 12.5 ○
Bonding agent 2 12 15.5 ×
As shown in table 3, postpone to have very little difference in the face of sample between 25 ℃ and 80 ℃ of use bonding agent 1.For the sample that uses bonding agent 2, the difference that postpones in the face between 25 ℃ and 80 ℃ is 3.5nm.The contrast evaluation result of sample is to use the initial contrast of the sample of bonding agent 1 to be equal to each other with the initial contrast of using bonding agent 2, and still, the contrast of the sample of use bonding agent 2 is along with the time reduces.Therefore, preferably, have the temperature dynamic characteristic as the retardation plate of retardation compensating plate, wherein room temperature (Re25) and the face of 80 ℃ (Re) in the difference of delay very little, for example, 2nm or littler.
[retardation compensating plate]
Following specific explanations provides the detailed content of the birefringent layers 53 of the delay compensation function that retardation compensating plate 50 carries out.
Birefringent layers 53 is two-layer or the retardation plate of the stepped construction of multilayer phase shift films formation.Optical axis (slow axis) is along the direction combination different with other film in the face of at least one tunic, and delay is 30nm or littler on the whole in the face of stepped construction.This layout allows stably to obtain to postpone in high-precision small.
If use one deck phase shift films to form retardation plate, its delay can not be consistent with the delay of needs.In contrast to this, the present invention can obtain high-precision target delay, because use the multilayer phase shift films can freely adjust delay.For example, respectively have under the situation about postponing in the 50nm face, can obtain the retardation plate that 10nm postpones, make the direction of optic axis (angle) of every tunic move mutually by stacked phase shift films at the film that uses.Under the situation of using two-layer phase shift films, wherein a skim has the delay of 45nm, and another tunic has the delay of 10nm, when adjusting the optical axis angle of every tunic, can obtain the retardation plate that 10nm postpones by stacked phase shift films.Therefore, even when using the phase shift films of different delays, can obtain a certain amount of delay.
Specifically, when using and stacked two membranes, wherein every tunic has when postponing in the face of 50nm, can obtain to postpone in the face retardation plate of 100nm by stacked film, makes the slow axis of ground floor and fast axle overlap with the slow axis of the second layer and fast respectively.When these film-stack, make their orientation revolve and turn 90 degrees, thereby the slow axis of ground floor overlaps with the fast axle of the second layer, can obtain that delay is the retardation plate of 0nm in the face.As a result, in 0～90 degree scope film being rotated a stacked angle makes it possible to postpone in the adjustment face in 0～100nm scope.As another embodiment, when using two kinds of phase shift films, wherein a kind of interior delay of face with 45nm, another kind has interior delay of face of 50nm, and the pellicular cascade angle in 0～90 degree scope makes it possible to postpone in the adjustment face in 5～90nm scope.Therefore, can obtain to compensate the liquid crystal board residue easily and prolong required fine delay amount, for example, 30nm, 10nm, 5nm, 2nm etc.
As mentioned above, postpone to be equal to or less than the total amount that postpones delay in the face in the face of the phase shift films stepped construction of formation birefringent layers 53.As a result, postpone in the target face of retardation plate R0c and postpone to postpone in the face R0c1, R0c2 ... the relational expression below the total amount of R0cn (n 〉=2) satisfies:
R0c≤R0c1+R0c2+...+R0cn
In order to compensate the delay of homotype liquid crystal molecule with respect to oblique incidence light, birefringent layers 53 has negative vertical delay.Because the homotype liquid crystal molecule provides the delay with respect to oblique incidence light, the rotation of polarization of incident light face, thus contrast descends.When the incident direction of incident light favoured the plate face from the vertical direction to the parallel direction, the delay of liquid crystal molecule increased.For fear of this decrease of contrast, need the retardation compensating plate 50 of negative vertical delay.Therefore, (vertical delay (Rth) of retardation compensating plate 50 is determined, so that the negative retardation of liquid crystal board 11 is identical with positive vertical delay amount in (nx+ny)/2＞nz) to the refractive index that retardation compensating plate 50 is set vertical direction for less than refractive index in the centre plane.
The vertical delay total amount with the vertical delay of first phase shift films and second phase shift films basically is identical.For example, when stacked two-layer phase shift films, wherein every tunic has-vertical delay of 100nm, can obtain vertical delay to be approximately-retardation plate of 200nm.Use this retardation plate can compensate the vertical delay of liquid crystal board 200nm.When stacked two-layer phase shift films, wherein every layer has-vertical delay of 70nm, can obtain vertical delay to be approximately-retardation plate of 140nm.And, when stacked vertical delay on these films be-during the film of 60nm, can obtain vertical delay to be approximately-retardation plate of 200nm.
As mentioned above, the total amount with the vertical delay of phase shift films is identical basically to constitute vertical delay that birefringence becomes 53 phase shift films stepped construction.As a result, vertical delay Rth1, the Rth2 of the target vertical delay Rth of retardation plate and phase shift films ... the relational expression below the total amount of Rthn (n 〉=2) satisfies:
Rth≈Rth1+Rth2+...+Rthn
As the phase shift films that forms retardation plate (birefringent layers 53), preferred use has heat resistance, low suction, low photoelastic coefficient etc. and retardation changes very little material.Film example with these desired properties comprises polymer film, such as norborene basement membrane, polycarbonate (PC) film, tri cellulose acetate membrane, polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) film etc.In these films, the norborene basement membrane has good performance.Polymer film can be single shaft elongate film or biaxial stretch film.Birefringent layers 53 is not limited to polymer film.Birefringent layers 53 can be that the coating-type polymeric material is coated in the cured layer that supports after going up equably.
The method that the phase shift films that comprises in the retardation plate is bonded together is not limited to special method.Using pressure sensitivity bonding agent (for example, bonding agent or adhesive sheet) and various bonding agent, all is applicable such as the bonding of any one in light-cured resin and the thermosetting resin.Can use acryl resin, epoxy resin and other resin, still, consider optical property, such as transparency, preferred acrylic resins.Preferably, use above-mentioned bonding agent retardation plate can be bonded on the transparent support.
Preferably, the refractive index of the curing adhesive refractive index with the employed film of retardation plate basically is identical, or between the refractive index of the refractive index of film and transparent support.Preferably, the thermal expansivity of curing adhesive is identical with the thermal expansivity of the film that uses in the retardation plate basically, or between the thermal expansivity of the thermal expansivity of film and transparent support.
In addition, because retardation plate is subjected to the irradiation of high-strength light in projection image display, the ability and the light resistance that need the opposing temperature to increase.In order to address this problem, in this embodiment, limit the physical property of bonding agent below.
At first, the glass transition point of bonding agent (Tg) is set in 50 ℃ or higher temperature, preferred 60 ℃ or higher temperature.Because it is retardation plate is exposed in projected image displaying apparatus in about 50 ℃ high temperature, very important in the stability of high temperature.Particularly, the variation of the delay in hot environment is the problem that will solve.In order to address this problem, in fact using Tg is the bonding agent of 50 ℃ or higher temperature, can obtain environment for use, and ability is out of question and is stable.If use Tg to be heated to 50 ℃ less than the retardation plate of 50 ℃ bonding agent formation, delay will change, thereby performance is undesirable.Be different from this, even the retardation plate that the bonding agent that uses Tg to be equal to or higher than 50 ℃ forms when being heated to 50 ℃, also has the good stable delay performance.
Describe below at high temperature and change the reason that postpones.When retardation plate is heated to high temperature and temperature when surpassing the Tg of bonding agent, the molecule reorientation of bonding agent.In addition, because bonding agent with the material adhesive of different heat expansion coefficient together, when heating, the stress that the shape of retardation plate produces is applied on the bonding agent, makes the anisotropy of molecular orientation take place.This is considered to a reason postponing to change when high temperature.
Because being increased in the temperature range that allows stable performance of the Tg of bonding agent expanded, need to select the Tg of bonding agent, so that adjust actual environment for use.
The second, the thickness setting of bonding agent is 2 μ m or thicker.More preferably, the thickness setting of bonding agent is 3 μ m or thicker.If the thickness of bonding agent can not obtain enough adhesions less than 2 μ m, when being exposed to high temperature, retardation plate is being peeled off at the interface.
The 3rd, using cure shrinkage is 10% or littler bonding agent, preferred 8% or littler.This allows good cohesiveness.If use cure shrinkage to surpass 10% bonding agent, the support of quartz or optical glass can be out of shape, thereby crackle occurs easily.The method that reduces the influence of the cure shrinkage that caused by bonding agent comprises that the curing rate with bonding agent is set at the method for low speed and the method for heating in curing adhesive.
The 4th, the bonding agent of identical type is used for phase shift films is bonded together, and bonding phase shift films and transparent support.Use the bonding agent of identical type that bonding process is carried out jointly.For example, use identical light-cured resin with the gap bonding situation together between the gap between the film and film and the transparent support under, all adhesive linkages can solidify simultaneously, thus the simplification process.Use pressure sensitivity bonding agent, the solid bonding agent of light or thermosetting bonding agent can make the retardation plate of stability with very little variation.
For light-cured resin (bonding agent), to compare with the UV curing adhesive, the residual deformation after the visible-light curing bonding agent can reduce to solidify heteropical advantage occurs thereby have in the delay in the face that suppresses the manufacturing delay sheet.
For the stepped construction of norborene basement membrane, film can be peeled off in hot environment.The reason of peeling off comprises that the thermal expansivity between softening of adhesive linkage and adhesive linkage and the film is inconsistent.In order to address this problem, it is suitable using at least a solvent that contains toluene, butanone, methyl isopropyl ketone, acetone, cyclohexylamine, dimethylbenzene and ether that film is fused together.In this case, because film top layer dissolving, the delay of generation changes to be depended on and creates conditions, such as the amount of solvent.Therefore, in the case of necessary, need to use the ethanol dilution solvent.
As using the another kind of bonding of solvent, can use at least a bonding agent that contains in toluene, butanone, methyl isopropyl ketone, acetone, cyclohexylamine, dimethylbenzene and the ether.Can increase the affinity between film and the adhesive linkage like this, therefore, can obtain firm bonding.
And, owing to postpone under hot environment, can change, do not have low vitrifacation transfer point (Tg) so do not expect each stacked phase shift films.For example, using Tg is retardation plate meeting change delay after being exposed to about 130 ℃ high temperature of 150 ℃ polycarbonate formation.If use Tg is 160 ℃ a norborene basement membrane, postpone can not change at 130 ℃, can obtain stable performance.Like this, even in harsh hot environment, also can allow such as the Performance of Optical System of liquid crystal projection apparatus stable.
And, not being desirably in that each stacked phase shift films has very poor dimensional stability in the hot and humid environment, can change because in hot and humid environment, postpone.For example, if use the polycarbonate membrane have very poor dimensional stability in hot and humid environment, it is exposed to 60 ℃ and relative humidity is to continue 100 hours in 90% the environment, postpones and can change.If use the norborene basement membrane of high-dimensional stability, be exposed in this environment at it, postpone can not change, can obtain stable performance.Like this, even in harsh hot environment, also can allow stable performance such as the optical system of liquid crystal projection apparatus.
Polycarbonate membrane was stored among 60 ℃ and the 90%RH after 100 hours, and its size changing rate is 0.2%, and the size changing rate of norborene basement membrane is 0.02% or littler.
[forming the method for retardation compensating plate]
The method of the retardation plate that forms the birefringent layers 53 that comprises said structure is described below.
The method of formation retardation plate comprises the step of preparation multilayer phase shift films and determines the optical axis angle of every layer of phase shift films that will be stacked and the step of phase shift films quantity, makes that when stacked phase shift films delay and vertical delay all are in expectation value in the face.
For example, this method may further comprise the steps: prepare first phase shift films and second phase shift films; Rotating the optical axis predetermined angular range of second phase shift films with respect to the optical axis (slow axis) of first phase shift films, and obtaining data plot corresponding to retardation in the face of each rotation angle; And based on the data plot that is obtained, rotation angle combination optical axis, and stacked first phase shift films and second phase shift films to allow to postpone in the target face.The vertical delay of retardation plate is total identical with the vertical delay of the vertical delay of first phase shift films and second phase shift films basically.
Figure 14 A is a diagrammatic sketch of explaining the method that forms retardation plate, and retardation plate comprises the stepped construction of first phase shift films 61 and second phase shift films 62.The refraction counting rate meter is shown n1x and n1y in the interarea of first phase shift films 61, the refraction counting rate meter is shown n2x and n2y in the interarea of second phase shift films, and n1x and n2x represent the slow axis of first and second phase shift films 61 and 62 respectively, be optical axis, n1y and n2y represent first and and the fast axle of second phase shift films 61 and 62 respectively.
As first and second phase shift films 61 and 62, can use various commercially available polymer films.Retardation can be identical or differ from one another in first and second phase shift films 61 and 62 the face.Here, first and second phase shift films 61 and 62 use all that retardation is the film of 7nm in the face.
When the design retardation plate, at first, the optical axis n2x of the optical axis n1x of first phase shift films 61 and second phase shift films 62 is arranged on equidirectional.Next, second phase shift films 62 planar revolves with respect to first phase shift films 61 and turn 90 degrees, and measures generally corresponding to retardation in the pellicular front of rotation angle θ 1, thereby obtains data Figure 60, the figure shows the relation between the retardation in rotation angle θ 1 and the face, as shown in Figure 14B.
As shown in Figure 14B, when second phase shift films 62 increased with respect to the rotation angle θ 1 of first phase shift films 61, retardation reduced similar trigonometric function generally in the face of film.Here, when θ 1 is zero, that is, and when the slow axis n1x of first and second phase shift films 61 and 62 and n2x when equidirectional is orientated, the film retardation is the sum (7nm+7nm=14nm) of phase shift films amount generally.When θ 1 is 90 when spending, that is, as the slow axis n1x of first phase shift films 61 during perpendicular to the slow axis n2x of second phase shift films 62, retardation is poor (7nm-7nm=0nm) between the phase shift films amount generally.By changing the angle of stacked film optical axis, can freely adjust retardation.
Data Figure 60 of the retardation of above-mentioned formation is as the benchmark of determining rotation angle θ 1, to obtain target retard amount.For example, totally be the retardation plate of 5nm, determine that rotation angle θ 1 corresponding to the 5nm retardation is (in this example in order to form the film retardation, the 66-67 degree), then, first and second phase shift films 61 and 62 integral body are stacked, make optical axis n1x and n2x be combined into and satisfy the rotation angle θ 1 that determines.Use and above-mentionedly utilize the bonding bonding or fusion that utilizes solvent as stacked method.
Retardation was the phase shift films of 45nm during as each of first and second phase shift films 61 shown in Figure 14 A and 62 in Figure 15 represented face to face, the data plot of the relation between rotation angle θ 1 and the interior retardation of the face that obtains.For example, totally be the retardation plate of 20nm in order to form in the pellicular front retardation, determine corresponding to retardation to be that the rotation angle θ 1 of 20nm is (in this example, about 78 degree), then, first and second phase shift films 61 and 62 integral body are stacked, make optical axis n1x and n2x be combined into and satisfy the rotation angle θ 1 that determines.
Except using two-layer phase shift films to form the retardation plate, can use three or more phase shift films to form retardation plate with retardation in the target face.Figure 16 A and 16B are the diagrammatic sketch that explain to form the method for the retardation plate that three layers of stepped construction that postpones retes constitute.In this example, second phase shift films 72 of individual layer is layered in the situation on the first double-deck phase shift films 71, allows retardation is 20nm generally in the pellicular front.Phase shift films has the amount that postpones 8nm in the identical face.
Situation as the example of Figure 14 A, the refraction counting rate meter is shown n1x and n1y in the interarea of first phase shift films 71, the refraction counting rate meter is shown n2x and n2y in the interarea of second phase shift films 72, and n2x and n2x represent the slow axis of first and second phase shift films 71 and 72 respectively, be optical axis, n1y and n2y represent the fast axle of first and second phase shift films 71 and 72 respectively.
When the design retardation plate, at first, the optical axis n2x of the optical axis n1x of first phase shift films 71 and second phase shift films 72 is arranged on equidirectional.In this example, first phase shift films 71 is stepped constructions of two straton films, and every straton film has the interior retardation of face of 8nm, in stepped construction, and optical axis and another optical axis coincidence that postpones sub-film that postpones sub-film.Therefore, retardation is 16nm in the face of first phase shift films 71.
Next, second phase shift films 72 planar revolves with respect to first phase shift films 71 and turn 90 degrees, and measures the amount that postpones in the pellicular front corresponding to rotation angle θ 2 generally, thereby forms data Figure 70, this data plot is represented the relation between the retardation in rotation angle θ 2 and the face, shown in Figure 16 B.
Shown in Figure 16 B, the rotation angle θ 2 with respect to first phase shift films 71 increases along with second phase shift films 72, and retardation reduces similar trigonometric function generally in the face of film.Here, when θ 2 is zero, that is, and when the slow axis n1x of first and second phase shift films 71 and 72 and n2x when equidirectional is orientated, the amount that film postpones is the sum (16nm+8nm=24nm) of the amount of phase shift films generally.When θ 2 is 90 when spending, that is, as the slow axis n1x of first phase shift films 71 during perpendicular to the slow axis n2x of second phase shift films 72, retardation is poor (167nm-8nm=8nm) between the phase shift films amount generally.
Data Figure 70 of the retardation of above-mentioned formation is as the benchmark of determining rotation angle θ 2, to obtain target retard amount.For example, totally be the retardation plate of 20nm, determine that rotation angle θ 2 corresponding to the 20nm retardation is (in this example in order to form the film retardation, about 36 degree), then, first and second phase shift films 71 and 72 integral body are stacked, make optical axis n1x and n2x be combined into and satisfy the rotation angle θ 2 that determines.
As mentioned above, according to present embodiment, utilize the multilayer phase shift films can form the retardation plate of fine delay.Form the birefringent layers of retardation compensating plate 50 with above-mentioned retardation plate, make liquid crystal indicator 1R, the 1G of RGB and 1B in each the face delay can both compensate accurately.Therefore, can adjust the contrast of projection image display subtly, thereby realize the high-contrast of display image.
In explanation, for the purpose of rotation geometry figure clear, quote the rectangle phase shift films about Figure 14 A-16B.Yet, the invention is not restricted to this shape, for example, can use circular phase shift films.When preparation has the multilayer circle phase shift films of same diameter basically, when keeping certain film shape, can measure delay, the laminate film of every layer of phase shift films and the step that film is bonded together.Therefore, can improve productive capacity and be convenient to technology controlling and process.Then, will be processed into target size with the laminate film structure that circular form bonds together.
[combination of phase shift films]
The residual delay of homotype reflective liquid crystal plate generally is 5nm or littler.In this case, for compensate for residual postpones, satisfied 1＜the Rec/Rep of delay (Re)≤10 and vertical delay (Rth) are near the retardation plates 200nm in the demand side, wherein Rec represents interior delay of face of retardation compensating plate, as R0c, Rep represents interior postpone (residual delay) of the face of liquid crystal board, as R0p.
At retardation plate is under the situation about being made of single stretched film, postpones and very big vertical delay because film has in the very little face, needs the advanced technology of control stretching, thereby is easy to the heterogeneity that occurs postponing, the variation of optical axis direction etc.Therefore, be difficult to control lag performance consistently.In contrast, when retardation plate is when being made of two-layer or more phase shift films, wherein every layer of phase shift films has the lag characteristic that postpones in the face greater than expected delay, and control stretching changes stacked angle easily, can postpone in the chain of command.
The residual delay (1＜Rec/Rep≤10) greater than liquid crystal board is set in the delay of compensator for, therefore, uses it after rotation, makes that the residual delay Rep of liquid crystal board is identical with effective delay (Rec_eff) of retardation compensating plate in compensation process.The residual delay of homotype reflective liquid crystal plate generally is 5nm or littler, therefore, the adjustment period of the rotation of retardation compensating plate between, it is very important to obtain 5nm or littler effective delay.
For the retardation plate that is made of the individual layer phase shift films, the effective delay that is parallel to the incident light of film optical axis (slow axis) with respect to the polarization direction is 0nm, with respect to rotating 45 polarized lights of spending with optical axis, reaches its peak value.As mentioned above, under the situation that retardation plate is made of single phase shift films, can obtain the effectively minimum value of delay, this minimum value reaches 0nm, thereby can compensate small residual delay.
In contrast, under the situation that retardation plate is made of two-layer or more multi-layered stacked phase shift films, change stacked angle (it is the angle between the optical axis) simultaneously, when stacked angle is 0 or 90 when spending, can obtain the minimum value that effectively postpones, this minimum value reaches 0nm.Yet when stacked corner connection nearly 45 was spent, effectively the minimum value that postpones increased.In addition, the minimum value that effectively postpones increases along with the increase of retardation in the face of each phase shift films.When the minimum value of effective delay surpasses the residual delay of liquid crystal board, even deferred gratification 1＜Rec/Rep≤10 of compensator because can not obtain necessary effective delay between the adjustment period of rotation, can not compensate the residual delay of liquid crystal board fully.
Figure 17 is shown in two kinds of phase shift films with under the folded situation of the stacked angleplied laminate of 90 °, 67.5 ° and 45 °, the effective angle-dependence of compensation, and wherein a kind of phase shift films has in the face of 70nm and postpones, and another kind of phase shift films has in the face of 50nm and postpones.In Figure 17, transverse axis is represented the rotation angle of the optical axis of first phase shift films with respect to the optical axis of liquid crystal board, and Z-axis is represented effective delay of retardation plate (phase shift films of stepped construction).For retardation plate, the polarization direction is incided on it with respect to the light of 45 ° of liquid crystal board optical axis rotations.
At stacked angle is under the situations of 90 degree, because the direction of stacked optical axis can not change, when the angle between the optical axis of the optical axis of liquid crystal board and retardation plate is 0 and 90 when spending, effectively postpones to reach peak value, when this angle is 45 when spending, effectively postpones minimum.When stacked angle is not 90 when spending, the optical axis of retardation plate changes, and therefore, compares with the situations of 90 degree, and move the angle position that effectively postpones to reach the retardation plate of peak value.
In the example of Figure 17, when stacked angle is 90 when spending, can obtain the minimum value that effectively postpones, this minimum value is 0nm.Yet when stacked angle is 67.5 when spending, effectively the minimum value that postpones is 13nm, and when stacked angle is 45 when spending, effectively the minimum value that postpones is 19nm.Therefore, when retardation plate constitutes with the stacked angle except 90 degree, if delay is very big in the face of every layer of phase shift films, can not compensate the residual delay of liquid crystal board, this residual delay generally is 5nm or littler.
Figure 18 is shown in and prepares every layer of other two membranes with the two membranes of delay in the 5nm face, every layer of other two membranes with the interior delay of 50nm face, every layer of interior other two membranes that postpones of the face with 100nm, every layer of interior delay of the face with 200nm, and the two membranes of identical type is with under the folded situation of 45 ° stacked angleplied laminate, effectively the angle-dependence that postpones.In Figure 18, similarly, transverse axis is represented the rotation angle of the first phase shift films optical axis with respect to the liquid crystal board optical axis, and Z-axis is represented effective delay of retardation plate.For retardation plate, the light of the optical axis of the relative liquid crystal board in polarization direction rotation 45 degree incides on it.
From Figure 18, obviously find out, effectively the increase that postpones in the face of minimum value that postpones and increasing along with every layer of phase shift films.As a result, when postponing in the face of adjusting retardation plate with the stacked angle except 90, use the very little film of delay of each layer phase shift films to make small effective delay become possibility.
As mentioned above, by postponing in the laminate film adjustment face, the optical axis of stacked a kind of film is perpendicular to two kinds of films of the optical axis of another kind of film or use that to postpone very little film in the face of each phase shift films all be preferred embodiment.Under latter event, be difficult to postpone in the chain of command, it is reduced to very little value, keep vertical delay simultaneously near 200nm, thereby cause the film quantity of use to increase.Therefore, the retardation plate of the previous case most preferably, this retardation plate stacked vertical.
In order to come to postpone in the chain of command by stacked vertical, need two-layer phase shift films, the difference that postpones in the face between them is identical with delay (1＜Rec/Rep≤10) in the face of expectation.The vertical delay sum of preferred two-layer phase shift films is near 200nm.
For example, under the situation of monadic stretching membrane stacked vertical, vertically extending is half of extending in the face, and therefore, every layer film needs the interior delay of the face of 200nm level.As a result, under the situation of using monadic stretching membrane, every layer film needs to postpone in the big face.Yet, if because the variation of the direction of film optical axis, measuring accuracy error and/or bonding precision, 90 degree are moved at stacked angle, because delay is very big in the face of each film, effectively the minimum value of delay increases widely.As a result, be not easy fully to compensate the residual delay of liquid crystal board.
Under the situation of monadic stretching membrane stacked vertical, might keep vertical delay greater than postponing in the face, be reduced to less than 10nm postponing in the face.Therefore, if because the direction of film optical axis changes, measuring accuracy error and/or bonding precision, 90 degree are moved at stacked angle, the minimum value that effectively postpones can be reduced to the residual delay of plate or littler.
For above-mentioned reason, retardation compensating plate can obtain the most stable compensation performance, and this performance constitutes by the stacked vertical monadic stretching membrane.
Example of the present invention is described below.The invention is not restricted to these examples.
(example 1-4)
When according to the slow axis rotation of the retardation compensating plate of example and comparative example, as described below, measure the compensating delay amount of liquid crystal board.Overlapping with the slow axis R2 of retardation compensating plate with the slow axis R1 of liquid crystal board that (referring to Fig. 8 and 9) locate is that 0 degree angle is rotated clockwise.Postpone (R0p) in the face of liquid crystal board and be decided to be 2.5nm.
(example 1)
Postponing (R0c) in the preparation face is the retardation compensating plate of 12nm.The variation (R0c/R0p=4.8) that measurement occurs during with respect to the slow axis R1 rotation of liquid crystal board at the slow axis R2 of retardation compensating plate.
(comparative example 1)
Postponing (R0c) in the preparation face is the retardation compensating plate of 30nm.The variation (R0c/R0p=12) that measurement occurs during with respect to the slow axis R1 rotation of liquid crystal board at the slow axis R2 of retardation compensating plate.
Figure 19 diagram is according to the measurement result of the compensating delay amount of example 1 and comparative example 1.When delay R0p is 2.5nm in the face of liquid crystal board, require the compensating delay amount of retardation compensating plate to be-2.5nm.As shown in figure 19, can find following problem.
In comparative example 1,,, need slow axis R2 to be set at ± 0.5 degree or littler precision in order to obtain-the compensating delay amount of 2.5nm level because the compensating delay amount is with respect to the altering a great deal of slow axis rotation.Therefore, can find that the optimization of contrast is very difficult.Find that also if the direction of mobile slow axis R2, because the compensating delay amount increases widely, compensation performance can reduce widely.
On the contrary, in order to obtain-the compensating delay amount of 2.5nm level, only need slow axis R2 to rotate about 51 degree, the compensating delay amount is very little with respect to the variation of slow axis R2 rotation, and therefore, rotation slow axis R2 can make contrast adjust subtly easily.In addition, can compensate contrast in the scope of ± 2nm, the angle that can regulate the variation in the liquid crystal board and place another optics changes.And, can find that if the direction of mobile slow axis R2, the reduction of compensating delay amount is seldom.
The example of the relation between the R0p that postpones in the face that postpones R0c and liquid crystal board in the face that detects retardation compensating plate is described below.
[example 2]
Postponing (R0c) in the preparation face is the retardation compensating plate of 20nm.The variation (R0c/R0p=8) that measurement occurs during with respect to the slow axis R1 rotation of liquid crystal board at the slow axis R2 of retardation compensating plate.
[example 3]
Postponing (R0c) in the preparation face is the retardation compensating plate of 9nm.The variation (R0c/R0p=3.6) that measurement occurs during with respect to the slow axis R1 rotation of liquid crystal board at the slow axis R2 of retardation compensating plate.
[example 4]
Postponing (R0c) in the preparation face is the retardation compensating plate of 6nm.The variation (R0c/R0p=2.4) that measurement occurs during with respect to the slow axis R1 rotation of liquid crystal board at the slow axis R2 of retardation compensating plate.
[comparative example 2]
Postponing (R0c) in the preparation face is the retardation compensating plate of 2.5nm.The variation (R0c/R0p=1) that measurement occurs during with respect to the slow axis R1 rotation of liquid crystal board at the slow axis R2 of retardation compensating plate.
Figure 20 diagram is according to the measurement result of the compensating delay amount of example 1-4 and comparative example 2.As shown in figure 20, in comparative example 2, R0c/R0p=1 wherein rotates about 85 degree with the slow axis R2 of retardation compensating plate with respect to the slow axis R1 of liquid crystal board, can obtain-the compensating delay amount of 2.5nm level.The variation of compensating delay amount is very little with respect to the variation of shaft position, degree of comparing compensation stably.Yet,, need adjust rotation angle ± 10 degree or more significantly, thereby obtain necessary compensating delay amount if postpone in the face of liquid crystal board to change 2.5nm.In addition, because the structure of delay compensator is installed on liquid crystal board, be difficult to provide retardation compensating plate is rotated to ± 10 degree or more multiextent rotating mechanisms.
On the contrary, in example 1, R0c/R0p=4.8 wherein by the slow axis R2 of retardation compensating plate is rotated about 51 degree with respect to the slow axis R1 of liquid crystal board, can obtain approximately-the compensating delay amount of 2.5nm.In example 2, by it being rotated about 49 degree, can obtain the compensating delay of equivalent, wherein R0c/R0p=8 in example 3, is approximately 53 degree, and wherein R0c/R0p=3.6 in example 4, is approximately 57 degree, wherein R0c/R0p=2.4.The variation of compensating delay amount is with respect to the variation of the shaft position situation greater than R0c/R0p=1, and still, they are big not as comparative example 1, R0c/R0p=12 wherein, thus very little to the influence of contrast.In addition, the compensating delay amount might be adjusted to, thereby can have the optimization of the liquid crystal board that retardation changes greater than-2.5nm with less than-2.5nm.And the variation of the retardation of liquid crystal board can be regulated in angles or littler scope are adjusted in the rotations of ± 10 degree, and for example, ± 5 spend or littler.
As mentioned above, adjust the interior R0c of delay of face of delay compensator, to satisfy the relation of 1＜R0c/R0p, more preferably, and 2≤R0c/R0p, thus allow the interior retardation of face of liquid crystal board be compensated accurately, contrast is adjusted easily.
If 1＜R0c/R0p, the variation of compensating delay amount is along with the angle of slow axis R2 changes and increases, and therefore, meticulous adjustment is very difficult.If 10 〉=R0c/R0p can reduce for the influence of contrast.
(example 5-7)
[example 5]
Two-layer non-stretching norborene basement membrane is as phase shift films, every layer thickness is to postpone to be 7nm in 188 μ m, the face, double-layer films bonds together, thereby based on the angle between the data plot that obtains previously (representing the relation between stacked angle and the retardation) adjustment ground floor optical axis and the second layer optical axis, therefore, postponing in the face that the stacked back of film obtains is 10nm.The measurement that the RETS-100 of use Otsuka Electronics Co., Ltd. postpones.Concerning bonding film, use the visible-light curing resin.
Next, two-layer quartz glass forms anti-reflecting layer as supporting on the first surface of layer glass.Form anti-reflecting layer by sputter.Then, the stepped construction of stacked film is clipped between the support that forms anti-reflective film, and they bond together.The visible-light curing resin is as bonding agent.As a result, postpone in the acquisition face for 10nm and reflectivity be 1% or littler retardation plate.
Detect bonding stable on heating result as bonding film being remained on high temperature, reach 140 ℃ of films and do not peel off., after keeping 1 hour under 130 ℃ the environment, postpone in the measurement face at retardation plate, then, from above-mentioned environment recovery, to check the thermotolerance of the retardation plate that forms.As the result who measures, postpone in the face to remain unchanged, thereby obtain good performance at 10nm.
[example 6]
Form retardation plate with example 5 identical modes, except using solvent that film is fused together film being bonded together.As the solvent of fusion, use toluene.The retardation plate that forms obtain to postpone in the face for 10nm and reflectivity be 1% or littler performance.
As keep bonding film to detect the result of bonding heat resistance at high temperature, even at 170 ℃, film can not peeled off, and this temperature surpasses the vitrifacation transfer point of film, obtains good thermotolerance., after keeping 1 hour under 130 ℃ the environment, postpone in the measurement face at retardation plate, then, from above-mentioned environment recovery, to check the thermotolerance of the retardation plate that forms.As the result who measures, postpone in the face to remain on the constant and vertical delay of 10nm remain on constant, thereby obtain good performance.
[example 7]
For delay in the face that compensates liquid crystal board and the further contrast that improves projected image displaying apparatus, in face, postponing, the preferred compensation vertical delay.Postpone in the face by way of compensation and an example of the retardation plate of the vertical delay of liquid crystal board, illustrate below postpone in the formation face for 10nm and vertical delay be-retardation plate of 200nm.
Four layers of non-stretching norborene basement membrane are as phase shift films, wherein every tunic has thickness and the interior delay of 7nm face of 188 μ m, these films bond together, and adjust first to fourth layer optical axis angle, make that postponing in the face after stacked is that 10nm, vertical delay are-200nm.
Next, two-layer quartz glass forms anti-reflecting layer as supporting on the first surface of layer glass.Form anti-reflecting layer by sputter.Then, the stepped construction of stacked film is clipped between the support that forms anti-reflective film, and they bond together.For adhering film, use the visible-light curing resin.As a result, postpone in the acquisition face for 10nm, vertical delay be 1% or littler retardation plate for-200nm and reflectivity.
Detect bonding stable on heating result as bonding film being remained on high temperature, even at 170 ℃, film is not peeled off, and wherein this temperature surpasses the vitrifacation transfer point of film, obtains good thermotolerance.Retardation plate postpones in the measurement face after keeping 1 hour under 130 ℃ the environment, then, and from above-mentioned environment recovery, to check the thermotolerance of the retardation plate that forms.As the result who measures, postpone in the face to remain unchanged and vertical delay remains unchanged, thereby obtains good performance at-200nm at 10nm.
[comparative example 3]
For the thermotolerance of retardation plate relatively, form retardation plate in the mode identical with example 1, be 150 ℃ except using the vitrifacation transfer point.Retardation plate postpones in the measurement face after keeping 1 hour under 130 ℃ the environment, then, and from above-mentioned environment recovery.As the result who measures, postpone in the face to drop to 3nm, notice the instability of delay.
[example 8-10]
Postpone (R0c) in the formation face of describing below and be 20nm and vertical delay (Rth) example for the retardation plate of-200nm.
[example 8]
Prepare biaxial stretch-formed norborene basement membrane that biaxial stretch-formed norborene basement membrane that thickness is 70 μ m, R0c=50nm and Rth=-100nm and thickness is 70 μ m, R0c=70nm and Rth=-100nm as phase shift films with circular form.These films bond together, and make that the optical axis of these films is vertical mutually, and postponing in the face that obtains behind pellicular cascade is 20nm.Use the RETS-100 of Otsuke Electronics Co., Ltd. to carry out delay measurements.For adhering film, use the visible-light curing resin.
Next, two-layer quartz glass forms anti-reflecting layer as supporting on the first surface of layer glass.Form anti-reflecting layer by sputter.Then, the stepped construction of stacked film is clipped between the support that forms anti-reflective film, and they bond together.Then, target size is handled and be reduced to the stepped construction of acquisition with microtome.Such result is, obtains R0c=20nm, Rth=-200nm and reflectivity and be 1% or littler retardation plate.
[example 9]
Prepare biaxial stretch-formed norborene basement membrane that biaxial stretch-formed norborene basement membrane that thickness is 70 μ m, R0c=45nm and Rth=-100nm and thickness is 70 μ m, R0c=65nm and Rth=-100nm as phase shift films with circular form.These films bond together, and make that the optical axis of these films is vertical mutually, thereby delay is 20nm in the face that obtains behind pellicular cascade.Use the RETS-100 of Otsuke Electronics Co., Ltd. to carry out delay measurements.For adhering film, use the visible-light curing resin.
Next, two-layer quartz glass forms anti-reflecting layer as supporting on the first surface of layer glass.Form anti-reflecting layer by sputter.Then, the stepped construction of stacked film is clipped between the support that forms anti-reflective film, and they bond together.Then, target size is handled and be reduced to the stepped construction of acquisition with microtome.Such result is, obtains R0c=20nm, Rth=-200nm and reflectivity and be 1% or littler retardation plate.
[example 10]
Form retardation plate with the mode identical with example 9, except use solvent with film fuse together film bonded together.As the solvent of fusion, use toluene.The performance that the retardation plate of preparation obtains is that R0c=20nm, Rth=-200nm and reflectivity are 1% or littler.
[comparative example 4]
Form retardation plate with the mode identical with example 9, except polycarbonate membrane as the phase shift films.The performance that the retardation plate of preparation obtains is that R0c=20nm, Rth=-200nm and reflectivity are 1% or littler.
[environmental testing]
Next, in order to detect stability, after keeping 100 hours under the environment of retardation plate at 60 ℃ and 90%RH, postpone in the measurement face according to every kind of retardation plate of example 8-10 and comparative example 4.Such result is not change the stability of delay and acquisition according to every kind the retardation plate of example 8-1.For the retardation plate according to comparative example 4, postponing in the face before test is 20nm, and delay is 15nm in the face after test.Observe the unstable properties under the environment of high temperature and high humidity.
[example 11]
Use the light-cured resin of different glass transfer point to form retardation plate.After this, it is stored in 50 ℃ continues 1 day, recover then, postpone in the measurement face.Use the RETS-100 of Otsuke Electronics Co., Ltd. to carry out delay measurements.Measure and the fall position of 5mm of the centre of retardation plate and digression relatively.Test result is as shown in table 4.
[table 4]
Light-cured resin Tg In the centre In corner portions
The point (℃) Postpone to change (nm) Postpone to change (nm)
Sample A1 40 1.2 3.1
Sample A2 45 0.7 1.3
Sample A3 50 0.3 1.0
Sample A4 55 0.2 0.4
Sample A5 60 0.1 0.3
Sample A6 80 0.1 0.1
The structure of retardation plate and the method for formation retardation plate are described below.
Prepare biaxial stretch-formed norborene basement membrane that biaxial stretch-formed norborene basement membrane that thickness is 70 μ m, R0c=50nm and Rth=-100nm and thickness is 70 μ m, R0c=70nm and Rth=-100nm as phase shift films with circular form.These films bond together, and make that the optical axis of these films is vertical mutually, and postponing in the face that obtains behind pellicular cascade is 20nm.Use the RETS-100 of Otsuke Electronics Co., Ltd. to carry out delay measurements.For adhering film, use the visible-light curing resin.
Next, thickness is that the two-layer quartz glass of 0.3mm is used as support, forms anti-reflecting layer on the first surface of layer glass.Form anti-reflecting layer by sputter.Then, the stepped construction of stacked film is clipped between the support that forms anti-reflective film, and they bond together.Use the visible-light curing agent to be used for bonding.Then, target size is handled and be reduced to the stepped construction of acquisition with microtome.Such result is, obtains R0c=20nm, Rth=-200nm and reflectivity and be 1% or littler retardation plate.
The amount of delay of retardation plate is preferably 1nm or littler.As shown in table 4, for the sample A1 and the A2 that use Tg less than 50 ℃ bonding agent, surpass 1nm at the variable quantity of retardation plate corner portions.On the contrary, for using Tg to be equal to or greater than the sample A3-A6 of 50 ℃ bonding agent, centre and corner portions all are 1nm or littler, thereby can obtain good performance.
[example 12]
Formation comprises the retardation plate of different thick bond layers.After this, in order to estimate the viscosity of bonding agent, retardation plate stores 5 days under the environment of 60 ℃ and 90%RH, then, from top environment recovery, observe its outward appearance.Test result is shown in the table 5.
[table 5]
The thickness of adhesive linkage (μ m) 60 ℃, 90%RH continues 5 days
Sample B
1 1.5 Isolated edge 3mm peels off
Sample B2 2.0 Peel off in the isolated edge 1mm
Sample B3 3.0 Nothing is peeled off
Sample B4 5.0 Nothing is peeled off
Sample B5 10.0 Nothing is peeled off
Sample B6 30.0 Nothing is peeled off
The structure of retardation plate and the method for formation retardation plate are described below.
Prepare biaxial stretch-formed norborene basement membrane that biaxial stretch-formed norborene basement membrane that thickness is 70 μ m, R0c=50nm and Rth=-100nm and thickness is 70 μ m, R0c=70nm and Rth=-100nm as phase shift films with circular form.These films bond together, and make that the optical axis of these films is vertical mutually, and postponing in the face that obtains behind pellicular cascade is 20nm.Use the RETS-100 of Otsuke Electronics Co., Ltd. to carry out delay measurements.For adhering film, use the visible-light curing resin.
Next, thickness is that the two-layer quartz glass of 0.3mm is used as support, forms anti-reflecting layer on the first surface of layer glass.Form anti-reflecting layer by sputter.Then, the stepped construction of stacked film is clipped between the support that forms anti-reflective film, and they bond together.Use the visible-light curing agent bonding.Then, target size is handled and be reduced to the stepped construction of acquisition with microtome.Such result is, obtains R0c=20nm, Rth=-200nm and reflectivity and be 1% or littler retardation plate.
As shown in table 5, for the sample B1 of thickness of adhibited layer less than 2 μ m, the zone of isolated edge 3mm has face circle and peels off.Be equal to or greater than the sample B2-B6 of 2 μ m for thickness of adhibited layer, the zone in the isolated edge 1mm has to be peeled off or not to observe and peel off.Therefore, can find to be set in more than or equal to 2 μ m, can obtain good viscosity by thickness of adhibited layer with retardation plate.
[example 13]
The light-cured resin that use has different cure shrinkage forms retardation plate.After this, observe outward appearance, for example, on supporting, whether have crackle.The result of test is as shown in table 6.
[table 6]
Cure shrinkage (%) Curing rate (min) There is crackle in the quartz
Sample C1 10.2 1 Be
Sample C1 10.2 10 Be
Cure shrinkage (%) Curing rate (min) There is crackle in the quartz
Sample C2 9.5 1 Be
Sample C2 9.5 10 Not
Sample C3 8.3 1 Be
Sample C3 8.3 10 Not
Sample C4 7.5 1 Not
Sample C5 5.5 1 Not
The structure of retardation plate and the method for formation retardation plate are described below.
Prepare biaxial stretch-formed norborene basement membrane that biaxial stretch-formed norborene basement membrane that thickness is 70 μ m, R0c=50nm and Rth=-100nm and thickness is 70 μ m, R0c=70nm and Rth=-100nm as phase shift films with circular form.These films bond together, and make that the optical axis of these films is vertical mutually, and postponing in the face that obtains behind pellicular cascade is 20nm.Use the RETS-100 of Otsuke Electronics Co., Ltd. to carry out delay measurements.For adhering film, use the visible-light curing resin.
Next, thickness is that the two-layer quartz glass of 0.3mm is used as support, forms anti-reflecting layer on the first surface of layer glass.Form anti-reflecting layer by sputter.Then, the stepped construction of stacked film is clipped between the support that forms anti-reflective film, and they bond together.Use the visible-light curing agent bonding.Then, target size is handled and be reduced to the stepped construction of acquisition with microtome.Such result is, obtains R0c=20nm, Rth=-200nm and reflectivity and be 1% or littler retardation plate.
As shown in table 6, surpass 10% sample C1 for cure shrinkage, no matter curing rate is low or height, observe the crackle in the support.Be less than or equal to 10% sample C2-C5 for cure shrinkage, when curing rate low relatively (10min.), in support, do not observe crackle, but, for sample C2 and C3, when curing rate high relatively (1min.), observe and in support, have crackle.Therefore, can find that cure shrinkage is the low curing rate of 8-10%, low curing rate is effectively, does not consider curing rate, and cure shrinkage is less than or equal to 8% bonding agent can provide stable viscosity.
As mentioned above, can adjust the contrast of liquid crystal board easily according to the present invention.
Although described the present invention with reference to embodiment and example, should be appreciated that, the invention is not restricted to this, can constitute various remodeling according to technical thought of the present invention.
For example, in the above-described embodiments, describe reflection LCD device,, still, the invention is not restricted to this as the liquid crystal indicator that in projected image displaying apparatus, adopts by example.The present invention can be applicable to transmissive liquid crystal display apparatus.
The optical system of projected image displaying apparatus is not limited to above-mentioned three-chip type, can use one chip.The present invention can be applicable to the direct viewing liquid crystal indicator, as flat-panel monitor.

Claims (29)

1. retardation compensating plate that compensates the liquid crystal board residual delay, described retardation compensating plate has birefringence, wherein, described retardation compensating plate has birefringent layers on isotropic transparent support, described birefringent layers is made of the stacked body of the thin polymer film with retardance more than 2 layers, described polymer thin is intermembranous bonding mutually simultaneously, and the interior R0p of delay of face that postpones R0c and liquid crystal board in the face of retardation compensating plate satisfies the relation of 1＜R0c/R0p≤10.
2. retardation compensating plate as claimed in claim 1 wherein, postpones to be 30nm or littler in the face of described birefringent layers.
3. retardation compensating plate as claimed in claim 1, wherein, optical axis is along the different directions combination with respect to other phase shift films in the face of the one deck at least in the described thin polymer film more than 2 layers.
4. retardation compensating plate as claimed in claim 3 wherein, postpones in the face of described thin polymer film differently, is laminated on the direction that the optic axis of each film intersects vertically simultaneously.
5. retardation compensating plate as claimed in claim 4, wherein, described phase shift films all is a biaxially oriented film.
6. retardation compensating plate as claimed in claim 1, wherein, described birefringent layers has negative vertical delay.
7. retardation compensating plate as claimed in claim 1, wherein, the vitrifacation transfer point of described phase shift films all is 160 ℃ or higher.
8. retardation compensating plate as claimed in claim 1, wherein, described phase shift films all is the norborene base resin film.
9. retardation compensating plate as claimed in claim 1 wherein, uses at least a solvent that contains in toluene, butanone, methyl isopropyl ketone, acetone, cyclohexylamine, dimethylbenzene and the ether that described phase shift films is fused together.
10. retardation compensating plate as claimed in claim 1, wherein, any one in use pressure sensitivity bonding agent, the solid bonding agent of light and the thermosetting bonding agent bonds together described phase shift films.
11. retardation compensating plate as claimed in claim 10, wherein, described bonding agent has 50 ℃ or higher vitrifacation transfer point.
12. retardation compensating plate as claimed in claim 10, wherein, the thickness of adhibited layer between the described phase shift films is 2 μ m or bigger.
13. retardation compensating plate as claimed in claim 10, wherein, the cure shrinkage of described bonding agent is 10% or littler.
14. retardation compensating plate as claimed in claim 10, wherein, the quantity of described phase shift films is two-layer or more multi-layered, and described phase shift films and described transparent support are stacked, and is using bonding agent of the same type between the phase shift films and between phase shift films and transparent support.
15. retardation compensating plate as claimed in claim 1, wherein, described retardation compensating plate comprises the anti-reflective film at least one that is arranged in two interareas of retardation compensating plate.
16. delay compensator that compensates the liquid crystal board residual delay, described delay compensator comprises having birefringent retardation compensating plate, wherein, described retardation compensating plate has birefringent layers on isotropic transparent support, described birefringent layers is made of the stacked body of the thin polymer film with retardance more than 2 layers, described polymer thin is intermembranous bonding mutually simultaneously, and the interior R0p of delay of face that postpones R0c and liquid crystal board in the face of retardation compensating plate satisfies the relation of 1＜R0c/R0p≤10.
17. delay compensator as claimed in claim 16, wherein, described delay compensator comprises the whirligig that winds perpendicular to the described retardation compensating plate of axle rotation of described retardation compensating plate, and described axle is as turning axle.
18. delay compensator as claimed in claim 17, wherein, the rotation angle scope of described retardation compensating plate is ± 10 degree or littler.
19. a liquid crystal indicator, it comprises:
The liquid crystal board of control transmitted light; With
Delay compensator, it is arranged on the liquid crystal board and comprises birefringent retardation compensating plate,
Wherein, described retardation compensating plate has birefringent layers on isotropic transparent support, described birefringent layers is made of the stacked body of the thin polymer film with retardance more than 2 layers, described polymer thin is intermembranous bonding mutually simultaneously, and the interior R0p of delay of face that postpones R0c and described liquid crystal board in the face of described retardation compensating plate satisfies the relation of 1＜R0c/R0p≤10.
20. liquid crystal indicator as claimed in claim 19, wherein, the angle between the slow axis of described retardation compensating plate and the slow axis of described liquid crystal board is 45～85 degree.
21. liquid crystal indicator as claimed in claim 19, wherein, described delay compensator also comprises the whirligig that winds perpendicular to the described retardation compensating plate of axle rotation of described liquid crystal board, and described axle is as turning axle.
22. liquid crystal indicator as claimed in claim 19, wherein, described delay compensator is fixed on the described liquid crystal board by seal.
23. liquid crystal indicator as claimed in claim 19, wherein, described liquid crystal board comprises the reflective liquid crystal display element.
24. liquid crystal indicator as claimed in claim 19, wherein, described liquid crystal board comprises vertical orientation type liquid crystal display cells.
25. a projection image display, it comprises:
The light source of transmitting illuminant light;
Light source light is carried out the polarization separation element of polarization separation;
Liquid crystal board, modulation are through the light source light of polarization separation, and the formation image light;
The screen of display image light; And
Image light is projected to the projecting lens of screen,
Wherein, comprise that the delay compensator with birefringent retardation compensating plate is arranged on the liquid crystal board, and
Wherein, described retardation compensating plate has birefringent layers on isotropic transparent support, described birefringent layers is made of the stacked body of the thin polymer film with retardance more than 2 layers, described polymer thin is intermembranous bonding mutually simultaneously, and the interior R0p of delay of face that postpones R0c and described liquid crystal board in the face of described retardation compensating plate satisfies the relation of 1＜R0c/R0p≤10.
26. projection image display as claimed in claim 25 wherein, also comprises light source light is separated into split-optics corresponding to trichromatic light component,
Wherein, the light component for every kind of color is provided with described liquid crystal board and described delay compensator.
27. projection image display as claimed in claim 25, wherein, described polarization separation element is a wire-grid polarizer.
28. one kind has the birefringent retardation compensating plate that is used to compensate the liquid crystal board residual delay, it is characterized in that, the interior R0p of delay of face that postpones R0c and described liquid crystal board in the face of this retardation compensating plate satisfies the relation of 2≤R0c/R0p≤10.
29. retardation compensating plate as claimed in claim 28 is characterized in that, the interior R0p of delay of face that postpones R0c and described liquid crystal board in the face of described retardation compensating plate satisfies the relation of 5≤R0c/R0p≤8.
CN2006800005066A 2005-03-15 2006-03-15 Retardation compensating plate, retardation compensator, liquid crystal display device, and projection image display apparatus Expired - Fee Related CN1993647B (en)

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