CN1986883A - Environment friendly no-chromium conversion treating solution - Google Patents
Environment friendly no-chromium conversion treating solution Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN1986883A CN1986883A CN 200610114607 CN200610114607A CN1986883A CN 1986883 A CN1986883 A CN 1986883A CN 200610114607 CN200610114607 CN 200610114607 CN 200610114607 A CN200610114607 A CN 200610114607A CN 1986883 A CN1986883 A CN 1986883A
- Authority
- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- treating solution
- acid
- sodium
- chromium conversion
- conversion treating
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
Links
Landscapes
- Chemical Treatment Of Metals (AREA)
Abstract
The environment friendly no-chromium conversion treating solution consists of titanium salt in 1-25 g/l, complexing agent in 12-30 g/l, silicate in 5-15 g/l, redox agent in 10-25 g/l, additive in 3- 6.5 g/l and deionized water for the rest. The treating solution contains no Cr element, is suitable for chemical conversion treatment of galvanizing coating and zinc alloy product, and produces no environmental pollution. When the treating solution is used in chemical conversion treatment of galvanizing coating and zinc alloy product, white film, blue film or film in other color may be obtained.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of conversion treating solution that is applicable to electroless plating, more particularly say, be meant that a kind of zinc coating moulding product and zinc alloy moulding product of being applicable to carry out plated film, do not contain sexavalent chrome or chromic environment friendly no-chromium conversion treating solution.
Background technology
Zinc-plated (Zn) improves the weather-resistant effective ways of ferrous materials.But in a humid environment, the zinc coating on the steel material surface easily corrodes, and its surface forms the corrosion product (white rust) of white loose easily, and the zinc coating of handling through chemical conversion then can prolong the time that white rust.
Present widely used zinc coating chemical conversion treatment solution has chromic chromic salt or chromic chromic salt, and these two kinds of chromate treating liquid all can obtain corrosion resistance nature rete preferably, and has stability and self-reparing capability preferably; And the plating process that uses chromate treating liquid is simple, cost is low, the corrosion resistance and good of rete (being the film that forms behind chromate treating liquid and the zinc coating chemical reaction), this is that rete has extraordinary stability and self-reparing capability because the zinc coating surface behind chromate treating liquid has formed chromium/zinc mixed oxide rete.But chromic chromic salt or chromic chromic salt can cause serious environmental to pollute, and it uses and discharge the increasingly stringent restriction that is subjected to national legislation.
Summary of the invention
The purpose of this invention is to provide a kind of environment friendly no-chromium conversion treating solution, this treatment solution does not contain the chromium element, can carry out the chemical conversion processing to zinc coating moulding crystalline substance and zinc alloy moulding product, can not cause environmental pollution.
The present invention is a kind of environment friendly no-chromium conversion treating solution, and the salt that is formed by the titanium elements of 1～25 grams per liter, the complexing agent of 12～30 grams per liters, the silicate of 5～15 grams per liters, the redox agent of 10～25 grams per liters, the additive and the balance of deionized water of 3～6.5 grams per liters are formed.Described environment friendly no-chromium conversion treating solution is at ambient temperature, adopts conventional solute to be dissolved in solvent, and preparation obtains through stirring.
The advantage of environment friendly no-chromium conversion treating solution of the present invention is: (1) treatment solution does not contain the chromium element, in use can not pollute environment; (2) adopt chemical plating technology to carry out plated film treatment solution of the present invention, can access the conversion film that has corrosion resistance preferably, described conversion film hot spot do not occur through 48h in neutral salt spray test, satisfy the standard that 72h does not have the red rust hot spot; (3) adopt treatment solution of the present invention that zinc coating and zinc alloy moulding product are carried out the rete that acquisition is handled in chemical conversion, can the adularescent rete, blue rete or other colored retes.
Embodiment
The present invention is described in further detail below in conjunction with embodiment.
The present invention is that a kind of being applicable to carried out the environment friendly no-chromium conversion treating solution that usefulness is handled in chemical conversion to zinc coating and zinc alloy moulding product, and the salt that is formed by the titanium elements of 1～25 grams per liter, the complexing agent of 12～30 grams per liters, the silicate of 5～15 grams per liters, the redox agent of 10～25 grams per liters, the additive and the balance of deionized water of 3～6.5 grams per liters are formed.
In the present invention, the salt that forms of titanium elements is meant a kind of in titanous sulfate, titanous chloride, titanyl sulfate or the titanium tetrachloride; Or titanous sulfate and titanous chloride, the weight ratio of titanous sulfate and titanous chloride is 1: 1.
In the present invention, complexing agent is meant the fluorine-containing inorganics of silicofluoric acid, fluoroboric acid, Sodium Silicofluoride, potassium silicofluoride, Sodium Fluoride, Potassium monofluoride, Sodium tetrafluoroborate or potassium fluoborate;
Or a kind of fluorine-containing inorganics and a kind of or two kinds of organic acid mixtures, wherein, fluorine-containing inorganics and a kind of organic acid weight ratio 4～10: 1, fluorine-containing inorganics and two kinds of organic acid weight ratios are 2～10: 1: 1; Described fluorine-containing inorganics can be silicofluoric acid, fluoroboric acid, Sodium Silicofluoride, potassium silicofluoride, Sodium Fluoride, Potassium monofluoride, Sodium tetrafluoroborate or potassium fluoborate; Described organic acid can be Succinic Acid, oxalic acid, tetra-sodium, citric acid, tartrate, gluconic acid or nitrilotriacetic acid(NTA).
In the present invention, silicate is meant water glass or potassium silicate.
In the present invention, redox agent is meant the superoxide of hydrogen peroxide or sodium peroxide; Or the mixture of a kind of superoxide and a kind of inorganic oxide, the weight ratio of superoxide and inorganic oxide is 3～8: 1, its superoxide is hydrogen peroxide, sodium peroxide; Its inorganic oxide is nitric acid, SODIUMNITRATE, saltpetre, Sodium Persulfate or potassium permanganate.
In the present invention, additive is meant the mixture of a kind of metal-salt, ethylene glycol and polyvinyl alcohol, metal-salt: ethylene glycol: the weight ratio of polyvinyl alcohol is 1～8: 4: 1, its metal-salt was rose vitriol, cobalt chloride, indium chloride or strontium chloride.
No-chromium conversion treating solution of the present invention is that each starting material that takes by weighing by proportioning are put into deionized water, dissolves at normal temperatures to make.The preparation consumption of different component treatment solutions sees also shown in the table one.
To enumerate an embodiment below is elaborated to the preparation method of invention no-chromium conversion treating solution.
Embodiment 1:
With concentration 20% titanous sulfate, the Sodium Fluoride of 24 grams, 4 gram Succinic Acid, 5 water glass that restrain, the hydrogen peroxide of 12 grams, concentration 65% nitric acid of 3 grams, 1 gram rose vitriol, the ethylene glycol of 2 grams, 0.5 polyvinyl alcohol and the balance of deionized water that restrains of 20 grams, at room temperature mixing and stirring is made 1 liter environment friendly no-chromium conversion treating solution.
In 1 liter of environment friendly no-chromium conversion treating solution of above-mentioned preparation, add concentration 20% sodium hydroxide solution, regulate pH value to 2.0～4.0.Then, on zinc coating moulding product and zinc alloy moulding product, carry out the conversion film of chemical conversion treatment reason preparation erosion resistance respectively.Environment friendly no-chromium conversion treating solution of the present invention can obtain the conversion film of different color by the control chemical conversion time in the plated film process.
(1) technology of the white conversion film of system is:
At ambient temperature, zinc coating moulding product are put into environment friendly no-chromium conversion treating solution of the present invention take out after 8 seconds, after washing, drying, obtain the thick adularescent conversion film of 0.95 μ m on zinc coating moulding product surface.
(2) technology of the blue conversion film of system is:
At ambient temperature, zinc coating moulding product are put into environment friendly no-chromium conversion treating solution of the present invention take out after 37 seconds, through washing, obtain that 1.1 μ m are thick to have blue conversion film surperficial at zinc coating moulding product after the drying.Having the zinc coating moulding product of blue conversion film to be placed in the neutral salt spray test on the surface that makes hot spot do not occur through 48h, satisfies the standard that 72h does not have the red rust hot spot.
(3) technology of the colored conversion film of system is:
At ambient temperature, zinc coating moulding product are put into environment friendly no-chromium conversion treating solution of the present invention take out after 220 seconds, after washing, drying, obtain the thick Chromatic color conversion film of 2 μ m on zinc coating moulding product surface.
(4) technology of the white conversion film of system is:
At ambient temperature, zinc alloy moulding product are put into environment friendly no-chromium conversion treating solution of the present invention take out after 11 seconds, after washing, drying, obtain the thick adularescent conversion film of 0.75 μ m on zinc coating moulding product surface.
(5) technology of the blue conversion film of system is:
At ambient temperature, zinc alloy moulding product are put into environment friendly no-chromium conversion treating solution of the present invention take out after 47 seconds, through washing, obtain that 1.5 μ m are thick to have blue conversion film surperficial at zinc coating moulding product after the drying.
(6) technology of the colored conversion film of system is:
At ambient temperature, zinc alloy moulding product are put into environment friendly no-chromium conversion treating solution of the present invention take out after 310 seconds, after washing, drying, obtain the thick Chromatic color conversion film of 2.13 μ m on zinc coating moulding product surface.
Electroless plating is under the katalysis of metal, by the metallic deposition process of controllable redox reaction.Adopt treatment solution of the present invention that the moulding product are carried out chemical conversion and handle, be actually the process of a zinc coat titanium salt Passivation Treatment, in the titanium salt passivating solution, titanium is with hydrated hydroxide coordination ion [Ti (OH)
2(H
2O)
4]
2+Form exists, and it is acid that solution is, and in zinc coating submerged passivating dip, the dissolving of zinc takes place in the micro anode district of zinc floor, and hydrionic reduction takes place separate out and (can be observed the H of Zn laminar surface in the passivating process in the micro cathode district of coating simultaneously
2Separate out) and the depolarize of oxygen (the pH value of solution raises), produce the hydroxide colloid precipitation membrane of titanium and zinc on the zinc coating surface, through becoming the Zincing passivation film after the dehydration.By optimization test to zinc coat titanium salt passivating dip temperature, passivation time and passivating dip pH value, obtained color and luster evenly, the blue Zincing passivation rete of fine corrosion resistance.
The required raw-material consumption of environment friendly no-chromium conversion treating solution that table one system is 1 liter:
| Starting material | Embodiment 2 | Embodiment 3 | Embodiment 4 | Embodiment 5 | Embodiment 6 | Embodiment 7 | Embodiment 8 | Embodiment 9 | Embodiment 10 | ||
| The salt that titanium elements forms | 20% titanous sulfate | 10g | 12.5 | 10g | ?25g | ?10g | |||||
| 20% titanous chloride | 7.5g | 12.5g | 7.5g | ?10g | |||||||
| Titanyl sulfate | 1g | ||||||||||
| 99% titanium tetrachloride | 2g | ||||||||||
| Complexing agent | Fluorine-containing inorganics | 20% silicofluoric acid | 20g | ?20g | |||||||
| Fluoroboric acid | 15g | ||||||||||
| Sodium Silicofluoride | 8g | ||||||||||
| Potassium silicofluoride | 10g | ||||||||||
| Sodium Fluoride | 24g | ||||||||||
| Potassium monofluoride | 20g | ||||||||||
| Sodium tetrafluoroborate | 20g | ||||||||||
| Potassium fluoborate | ?20g | ||||||||||
| Organic acid | Succinic Acid | 2g | 2g | 2g | ?2g | ?4g | |||||
| Oxalic acid | 2g | 5g | 5g | ||||||||
| Tetra-sodium | 5g | ||||||||||
| Citric acid | 6g | 5g | ?2g | ||||||||
| Tartrate | 2g | ||||||||||
| Gluconic acid | 5g | ||||||||||
| Nitrilotriacetic acid(NTA) | 5g | ||||||||||
| Silicate | Water glass | 5g | 15g | 15g | 15g | 15g | ?10g | ||||
| Potassium silicate | 10g | 10g | ?15g | ||||||||
| Redox agent | Superoxide | 30% hydrogen peroxide | 12g | 20g | 8g | 12g | 12g | ?12g | ?12g | ||
| Sodium peroxide | 12g | 12g | |||||||||
| Inorganic oxide | 65% nitric acid | 3g | 3g | 3g | ?3g | ?3g | |||||
| SODIUMNITRATE | 2g | ||||||||||
| Saltpetre | 3g | ||||||||||
| Sodium Persulfate | 4g | ||||||||||
| Potassium permanganate | 5g | ||||||||||
| Additive | Metal-salt | Rose vitriol | 1g | 1g | |||||||
| Cobalt chloride | 1g | ||||||||||
| Indium chloride | 0.5g | ||||||||||
| Strontium chloride | 4g | 2g | ?4g | ?2g | |||||||
| Ethylene glycol | 2g | 2g | 2g | 2g | 2g | 2g | 2g | ?2g | ?2g | ||
| Polyvinyl alcohol | 0.5g | 0.5g | 0.5g | 0.5g | 0.5g | 0.5g | 0.5g | ?0.5g | ?0.5g | ||
| Deionized water | Surplus | ||||||||||
Claims (8)
1, a kind of environment friendly no-chromium conversion treating solution is characterized in that: the salt that is formed by the titanium elements of 1～25 grams per liter, the complexing agent of 12～30 grams per liters, the silicate of 5～15 grams per liters, the redox agent of 10～25 grams per liters, the additive and the balance of deionized water of 3～6.5 grams per liters are formed.
2, no-chromium conversion treating solution according to claim 1 is characterized in that: the salt that described titanium elements forms is a kind of in titanous sulfate, titanous chloride, titanyl sulfate or the titanium tetrachloride;
Or titanous sulfate and titanous chloride, the weight ratio of titanous sulfate and titanous chloride is 1: 1.
3, no-chromium conversion treating solution according to claim 1 is characterized in that: described complexing agent is the fluorine-containing inorganics of silicofluoric acid, fluoroboric acid, Sodium Silicofluoride, potassium silicofluoride, Sodium Fluoride, Potassium monofluoride, Sodium tetrafluoroborate or potassium fluoborate.
4, no-chromium conversion treating solution according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: described complexing agent is a kind of fluorine-containing inorganics and a kind of or two kinds of organic acid mixtures, wherein, fluorine-containing inorganics and a kind of organic acid weight ratio are 4～10: 1, and fluorine-containing inorganics and two kinds of organic acid weight ratios are 2～10: 1: 1;
Described fluorine-containing inorganics is silicofluoric acid, fluoroboric acid, Sodium Silicofluoride, potassium silicofluoride, Sodium Fluoride, Potassium monofluoride, Sodium tetrafluoroborate or potassium fluoborate;
Described organic acid is Succinic Acid, oxalic acid, tetra-sodium, citric acid, tartrate, gluconic acid or nitrilotriacetic acid(NTA).
5, no-chromium conversion treating solution according to claim 1 is characterized in that: described silicate is water glass or potassium silicate.
6, no-chromium conversion treating solution according to claim 1 is characterized in that: described redox agent is hydrogen peroxide or sodium peroxide.
7, no-chromium conversion treating solution according to claim 1 is characterized in that: described redox agent is the mixture of a kind of superoxide and a kind of inorganic oxide, and the weight ratio of superoxide and inorganic oxide is 3～8: 1;
Described superoxide is hydrogen peroxide or sodium peroxide;
Described inorganic oxide is nitric acid, SODIUMNITRATE, saltpetre, Sodium Persulfate or potassium permanganate.
8, no-chromium conversion treating solution according to claim 1 is characterized in that: described additive is the mixture of a kind of metal-salt, ethylene glycol and polyvinyl alcohol, metal-salt: ethylene glycol: the weight ratio of polyvinyl alcohol is 1～8: 4: 1;
Described metal-salt is rose vitriol, cobalt chloride, indium chloride or strontium chloride.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN 200610114607 CN1986883A (en) | 2006-11-17 | 2006-11-17 | Environment friendly no-chromium conversion treating solution |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN 200610114607 CN1986883A (en) | 2006-11-17 | 2006-11-17 | Environment friendly no-chromium conversion treating solution |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN1986883A true CN1986883A (en) | 2007-06-27 |
Family
ID=38183822
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN 200610114607 Pending CN1986883A (en) | 2006-11-17 | 2006-11-17 | Environment friendly no-chromium conversion treating solution |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CN (1) | CN1986883A (en) |
Cited By (12)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102002697A (en) * | 2010-11-01 | 2011-04-06 | 云南滇科涂镀层材料有限公司 | Environmentally friendly chromium-free passivation solution for galvanization and preparation method thereof |
| CN103215787A (en) * | 2013-04-18 | 2013-07-24 | 无锡小天鹅股份有限公司 | Washing machine inner barrel support, manufacturing method thereof and washing machine with the inner barrel support |
| CN104846359A (en) * | 2014-02-17 | 2015-08-19 | 广州中国科学院工业技术研究院 | Composite treatment agent for metal surface pretreatment, preparation method and applications thereof |
| CN106011824A (en) * | 2016-08-11 | 2016-10-12 | 太仓市凯福士机械有限公司 | Environment-friendly passivating solution used for mechanical plating |
| CN106048581A (en) * | 2016-08-11 | 2016-10-26 | 太仓市凯福士机械有限公司 | High-efficiency passivating solution used for electroplating |
| CN106590261A (en) * | 2016-12-27 | 2017-04-26 | 奎克化学（中国）有限公司 | Finger-proof coating composition and application thereof |
| CN107377962A (en) * | 2017-06-19 | 2017-11-24 | 苏州莱特复合材料有限公司 | A kind of preparation method of auto parts powdered-metal passivator |
| CN108165965A (en) * | 2017-12-27 | 2018-06-15 | 北京涌阔科技有限公司 | A kind of preparation method of magnesium alloy anticorrosion composite membrane |
| CN108441850A (en) * | 2018-03-23 | 2018-08-24 | 广州市卡帕尔表面处理科技有限公司 | Multipurpose chrome-free tanning agent and preparation method thereof |
| CN108531901A (en) * | 2018-06-13 | 2018-09-14 | 昆明理工大学 | A kind of electrogalvanizing titanium salt bright blue passivation liquid and preparation method thereof |
| CN108546941A (en) * | 2018-06-11 | 2018-09-18 | 昆明理工大学 | A kind of environment-friendly type titanium salt color passivation solution |
| CN112281147A (en) * | 2020-09-27 | 2021-01-29 | 嘉兴市天恒工贸有限公司 | Manganese phosphating agent with stable film thickness and stable surface roughness and preparation method thereof |
-
2006
- 2006-11-17 CN CN 200610114607 patent/CN1986883A/en active Pending
Cited By (14)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102002697A (en) * | 2010-11-01 | 2011-04-06 | 云南滇科涂镀层材料有限公司 | Environmentally friendly chromium-free passivation solution for galvanization and preparation method thereof |
| CN103215787A (en) * | 2013-04-18 | 2013-07-24 | 无锡小天鹅股份有限公司 | Washing machine inner barrel support, manufacturing method thereof and washing machine with the inner barrel support |
| CN104846359A (en) * | 2014-02-17 | 2015-08-19 | 广州中国科学院工业技术研究院 | Composite treatment agent for metal surface pretreatment, preparation method and applications thereof |
| CN106011824A (en) * | 2016-08-11 | 2016-10-12 | 太仓市凯福士机械有限公司 | Environment-friendly passivating solution used for mechanical plating |
| CN106048581A (en) * | 2016-08-11 | 2016-10-26 | 太仓市凯福士机械有限公司 | High-efficiency passivating solution used for electroplating |
| CN106590261A (en) * | 2016-12-27 | 2017-04-26 | 奎克化学（中国）有限公司 | Finger-proof coating composition and application thereof |
| CN107377962A (en) * | 2017-06-19 | 2017-11-24 | 苏州莱特复合材料有限公司 | A kind of preparation method of auto parts powdered-metal passivator |
| CN108165965A (en) * | 2017-12-27 | 2018-06-15 | 北京涌阔科技有限公司 | A kind of preparation method of magnesium alloy anticorrosion composite membrane |
| CN108165965B (en) * | 2017-12-27 | 2019-11-26 | 温岭市合丰鞋材有限公司 | A kind of preparation method of magnesium alloy anticorrosion composite membrane |
| CN108441850A (en) * | 2018-03-23 | 2018-08-24 | 广州市卡帕尔表面处理科技有限公司 | Multipurpose chrome-free tanning agent and preparation method thereof |
| CN108546941A (en) * | 2018-06-11 | 2018-09-18 | 昆明理工大学 | A kind of environment-friendly type titanium salt color passivation solution |
| CN108546941B (en) * | 2018-06-11 | 2020-04-07 | 昆明理工大学 | Environment-friendly titanium salt color passivation solution |
| CN108531901A (en) * | 2018-06-13 | 2018-09-14 | 昆明理工大学 | A kind of electrogalvanizing titanium salt bright blue passivation liquid and preparation method thereof |
| CN112281147A (en) * | 2020-09-27 | 2021-01-29 | 嘉兴市天恒工贸有限公司 | Manganese phosphating agent with stable film thickness and stable surface roughness and preparation method thereof |
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| CN1986883A (en) | Environment friendly no-chromium conversion treating solution | |
| CN101736337B (en) | Method for preparing chromium-free passivation solution, and method for passivating electrogalvanizing or zinc alloy layer by using same | |
| CN100552086C (en) | Normal temperature fast filming fluid for aluminium alloy surface and using method thereof | |
| AU2005312758A1 (en) | Composition for metal surface treatment, treating liquid for surface treatment, method of surface treatment, and surface-treated metallic material | |
| CN107345297A (en) | A kind of alkaline cleaning fluid, phosphating solution and metal surface treating method | |
| CN102242358B (en) | Treatment solution and treatment method for preparing golden cryolite conversion film on surface of aluminum alloy | |
| CN101942655A (en) | Preparation method of chromium-free passivated liquid and method for passivating electrogalvanizing or zinc alloy layer by same | |
| CN101487116B (en) | Use of passivation film forming liquid on steel surface | |
| CN101135050B (en) | Metasilicate cleaning inactivating process | |
| CN105779988A (en) | Chromate-free passivation solution for electroplated zinc and passivation technology thereof | |
| CN101418443A (en) | Chromium-free inactivating liquor for continuous galvanizing by hot-dip galvanized steel sheet | |
| CN101660153A (en) | Surface pretreatment agent before metal coating and preparation method and use method thereof | |
| CN107326353A (en) | For the galvanized steel plain sheet rapid phosphorization agent of color coating and its application | |
| CN105483682B (en) | A kind of phosphating solution for metal processing and preparation method thereof | |
| CN104498925A (en) | Environmentally friendly metal surface treatment fluid based on multifunctional group alkyl phosphate and application thereof | |
| CN104630867A (en) | High-efficiency electrolytic phosphating solution | |
| CN103451645B (en) | A kind of adopt magnesium alloy film agent that magnesium alloy is carried out the method for surface treatment | |
| CN101054665A (en) | Electrolytic zinc plating and zinc-iron alloy silicate cleaning deactivation liquid | |
| CN101173354B (en) | Method for preparing trivalent chromium colorful passivation liquid for NdFeB Zinc-plated parts | |
| CN101144158A (en) | Hot dipping galvanized steel sheet molybdate/phosphate composite system chromium-free deactivation method | |
| CN101166848A (en) | Process for preparing chromium conversion coatings for magnesium alloys | |
| CN104451634A (en) | Aluminum and aluminum alloy passivation solution, preparation method and using method thereof | |
| CN109023331A (en) | A kind of chrome-free tanning agent and its application method | |
| CN101660156B (en) | Silicate color passivation solution used for zinc-plating material | |
| CN103046037A (en) | High corrosion resistance trivalent chromium blue and white passivating liquid as well as preparation method and application of blue and white passivating liquid |
Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| C06 | Publication | ||
| PB01 | Publication | ||
| C10 | Entry into substantive examination | ||
| SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
| C02 | Deemed withdrawal of patent application after publication (patent law 2001) | ||
| WD01 | Invention patent application deemed withdrawn after publication |