CN1982914B - Radar data self-adaptive non-loss compression based on decode and message discrimination - Google Patents
Radar data self-adaptive non-loss compression based on decode and message discrimination Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
Description
一、所属技术领域1. Technical field
本发明涉及空管雷达的数据管理，特别是译码和报文雷达数据的无损压缩，具体是基于译码和报文识别的雷达数据自适应无损压缩方法。The invention relates to the data management of air traffic control radar, in particular to the lossless compression of decoding and message radar data, in particular to the adaptive lossless compression method of radar data based on decoding and message recognition.
二、背景技术2. Background technology
现今国外的多信道数字同步记录仪对雷达信道采用“波形编码”记录，这样接口简单，可避免复杂的多种不同雷达的译码和报文识别困难。由于对雷达数据压缩的要求是无损的，因而编码压缩比很小，一般不到2∶1(有的还干脆不压缩，直接按通信波特率记录)。这样即使在空中没有目标的情况下，记录的数据也接近通信波特率，绝大多数是无用信息。随着多雷达联网和多雷达空管系统在我国逐渐推广应用，一个记录点对记录雷达信道数量的要求增加很快。例如2001年，民航华北空管中心(首都国际机场)采用的雷达信道数量是48，而建设中的我国北方(北京)、东方(上海)、南方(广州)三大区域管制中心对记录雷达信道的数量要求是60信道，且要求双倍冗余。进口系统的雷达记录技术不能适应这种要求。特别是由于历史原因，我国现役空管雷达体制和接口五花八门，是著名的“七国八制”，即使是同一公司的产品因进口年限关系，其内部报文格式也不同。在这中情况下，无损压缩的问题显得十分迫切。现有技术中，存在雷达数据压缩比小并且不能满足多雷达记录的要求，尤其是基于译码和报文识别的雷达数据自适应的无损压缩还未见报道。Today's foreign multi-channel digital synchronous recorders use "waveform coding" to record radar channels, so that the interface is simple and it can avoid the difficulties of complex decoding and message identification of various radars. Since the requirement for radar data compression is lossless, the coding compression ratio is very small, generally less than 2:1 (some even do not compress at all, and record directly according to the communication baud rate). In this way, even if there is no target in the air, the recorded data is close to the communication baud rate, and most of them are useless information. With the gradual popularization and application of multi-radar networking and multi-radar air traffic control systems in my country, the requirement for the number of recording radar channels at a recording point increases rapidly. For example, in 2001, the number of radar channels used by Civil Aviation North China Air Traffic Control Center (Capital International Airport) was 48, while the three regional control centers in North China (Beijing), East (Shanghai) and South (Guangzhou) under construction in my country have a large number of radar channels to record. The quantity requirement is 60 channels, and requires double redundancy. The radar recording technology of the imported system cannot meet this requirement. Especially due to historical reasons, my country's active air traffic control radar systems and interfaces are varied, which is the famous "seven countries and eight systems". Even the products of the same company have different internal message formats due to the import period. In this case, the problem of lossless compression is very urgent. In the prior art, the radar data compression ratio is small and cannot meet the requirements of multi-radar recording, especially the adaptive lossless compression of radar data based on decoding and message recognition has not been reported yet.
三、发明内容3. Contents of the invention
本发明的目的是提供一种雷达数据压缩比大幅提高，同时满足多雷达记录要求的译码和报文识别的无损压缩方法。这种方法不仅实现了空管雷达的正确译码和报文，做到自适应，还能对雷达数据进行实时目标跟踪和雷达目标的成象。The purpose of the present invention is to provide a lossless compression method for decoding and message recognition that greatly improves the compression ratio of radar data and simultaneously meets the requirements of multi-radar recording. This method not only realizes the correct decoding and message of air traffic control radar, but also achieves self-adaptation, and can also perform real-time target tracking and radar target imaging on radar data.
本发明的目的是这样达到的：无损压缩采用二次压缩的方法，首先对各型空管雷达数据的译码和报文识别，做到自适应，压缩大部分无用信息，然后采用常规数据压缩的方法进行二次压缩。其具体方法是：使用多雷达数据处理接收接口接收数据，在微处理器做到各种通信协议的自适应，完成各型雷达数据的接收。然后进入无损压缩主控模块，在该模块中完成数据输入输出、参数配置、接收测试、雷达格式转换、报文识别和坐标变换，经报文识别后对错误报文直接丢弃，并进行数据的二次无损压缩，最后对压缩后的正确雷达数据按照格式输出。The purpose of the present invention is achieved in this way: the lossless compression adopts the method of secondary compression, at first to the decoding of various types of air traffic control radar data and message recognition, accomplish self-adaptation, compress most useless information, then adopt conventional data compression method for secondary compression. The specific method is: use multi-radar data processing receiving interface to receive data, implement self-adaptation of various communication protocols in the microprocessor, and complete the receiving of various types of radar data. Then enter the lossless compression main control module, complete data input and output, parameter configuration, receiving test, radar format conversion, message identification and coordinate transformation in this module, discard the error message directly after the message identification, and carry out data processing Second lossless compression, and finally output the correct compressed radar data according to the format.
在主控模块中的控制程序是：进入主控模块后，首先对接收模块测试并反馈到主控模块中。主控模块进行参数配置后进入启动程序，在速率自适应调整模块中完成速率调整，与现有的通信格式比对进行格式识别、报文识别，判断出报文是否正确，错误报文直接丢弃，对正确报文进行坐标变换，再进行雷达数据的第二次无损压缩。对压缩后的正确数据按格式输出，并进入记录系统和ATC空管系统，进行雷达数据处理和显示。The control program in the main control module is: after entering the main control module, the receiving module is first tested and fed back to the main control module. After the main control module configures the parameters, it enters the startup program, completes the rate adjustment in the rate adaptive adjustment module, compares with the existing communication format for format identification and message identification, and judges whether the message is correct, and discards the error message directly , carry out coordinate transformation on the correct message, and then carry out the second lossless compression of the radar data. Output the correct data after compression according to the format, and enter the recording system and ATC air traffic control system for radar data processing and display.
多雷达数据处理接收接口的微处理器是能对现有各型雷达通信格式识别的RISC结构微处理器。The microprocessor of the multi-radar data processing and receiving interface is a RISC structure microprocessor that can recognize various types of radar communication formats.
所述数据输入是模块从外部端口读取数据后进入RX初始缓冲区再进入RX队列，到主处理器，输出是从主处理器中将数据写入TX队列，在从TX队列中写入到TX初始缓冲区，再到外部端口。The data input is that the module enters the RX initial buffer after reading data from the external port and then enters the RX queue to the main processor, and the output is to write the data from the main processor to the TX queue, and then write the data to the TX queue from the TX queue. TX initial buffer, then to external port.
所述参数配置模块是指支持HDLC和BSC两种同步通信协议，支持目前我国现役空管雷达数据格式，自动适应0～64kbps各种传输波特率的模块。The parameter configuration module refers to a module that supports HDLC and BSC two synchronous communication protocols, supports the data format of air traffic control radar currently in service in my country, and automatically adapts to various transmission baud rates of 0-64kbps.
所述雷达格式转换模块采用结构化模块设计，其实现步骤是：按照参数配置模块重配置的参数配置表的配置初始化所有的通道，识别该分组输入、输出的通道从该分组中读取数据和数据帧的长度，根据参数配置表找到对应的输入、输出的雷达格式，根据输入的雷达格式，按照数据格式中对应的字段进行格式的识别。The radar format conversion module adopts a structured module design, and its implementation steps are: according to the configuration of the parameter configuration table reconfigured by the parameter configuration module, all channels are initialized, and the channels for identifying the input and output of the grouping are read from the grouping. For the length of the data frame, find the corresponding input and output radar formats according to the parameter configuration table, and identify the format according to the corresponding fields in the data format according to the input radar format.
所述坐标变换模块采用经验修正公式，其实现步骤是：进行保角变换：将地球变成一个理想球体，雷达站的经度、纬度变换成保角坐标；确定系统中心：确定接受异地雷达数据的地点坐标；将理想的球体坐标转换成以系统中心为原点并与球体相切的平面圆；将本地雷达数据转换成相对系统中心的雷达数据。Described coordinate transformation module adopts empirical correction formula, and its realization step is: Carry out conformal transformation: turn the earth into an ideal sphere, and transform the longitude and latitude of the radar station into conformal coordinates; determine the system center: determine the location that accepts radar data from different places Location coordinates; convert ideal spherical coordinates into a plane circle with the system center as the origin and tangent to the sphere; convert local radar data into radar data relative to the system center.
所述对雷达数据的二次压缩，是无损压缩模块对正确的报文进行TXW编码压缩处理，处理后送出到TX队列中。The secondary compression of the radar data is that the lossless compression module performs TXW encoding and compression processing on the correct message, and sends it to the TX queue after processing.
所述对雷达数据的二次压缩，是无损压缩模块对正确的报文进行代数编码压缩处理，处理后送到TX队列中。The secondary compression of the radar data is that the lossless compression module performs algebraic encoding and compression processing on the correct message, and sends it to the TX queue after processing.
本发明具有以下积极效果：The present invention has the following positive effects:
1、解决了其它国内外相关产品雷达数据压缩能力弱的问题。1. Solve the problem of weak data compression ability of other domestic and foreign related products.
进口数字记录仪对雷达数据采用波形编码记录，这样接口和软件都简单，但基本上不能进一步压缩雷达数据。这样即使在空中没有目标的情况下，记录的数据也接近通信波特率，绝大多数是无用信息。随着多雷达联网和多雷达空管系统在我国逐渐推广应用，一个记录点对记录雷达信道数量的要求增加很快，多雷达数据压缩的问题显得十分突出。本发明克服了雷达数据压缩能力弱的问题，信道压缩比比进口同类系统提高1～2个数量级。Imported digital recorders use waveform coding to record radar data, so the interface and software are simple, but basically the radar data cannot be further compressed. In this way, even if there is no target in the air, the recorded data is close to the communication baud rate, and most of them are useless information. With the gradual popularization and application of multi-radar networking and multi-radar air traffic control system in our country, the requirement of a recording point for the number of recording radar channels increases rapidly, and the problem of multi-radar data compression becomes very prominent. The invention overcomes the problem of weak radar data compression capability, and the channel compression ratio is 1-2 orders of magnitude higher than that of imported similar systems.
2、解决了雷达记录系统多雷达记录要求。2. Solved the multi-radar recording requirements of the radar recording system.
我国民航、军航的空管系统都已采用多雷达联网和融合技术，单个机场空管中心需记录的雷达信道数大大增加(最大已达60个)，进口数字记录仪很难满足多雷达记录要求。针对我国现役空管雷达体制和接口五花八门，报文格式各不相同的具体情况，本发明实现了对我国现有各型空管雷达的正确译码和报文识别，并做到自适应。实现了对多雷达记录的要求，实现了对多种雷达数据实现了译码和报文识别的无损压缩能力。The air traffic control systems of my country's civil aviation and military aviation have adopted multi-radar networking and fusion technology. The number of radar channels to be recorded by a single airport air traffic control center has greatly increased (the maximum has reached 60), and imported digital recorders are difficult to meet the requirements of multi-radar recording. Require. Aiming at the specific situation that my country's active air traffic control radar systems and interfaces are varied and message formats are different, the present invention realizes the correct decoding and message identification of various types of air traffic control radars in my country, and achieves self-adaptation. The requirements for multi-radar recording are realized, and the lossless compression capability of decoding and message recognition for various radar data is realized.
3、解决了其它国内外数字记录产品，不能监看雷达图像的问题。3. Solve the problem that other domestic and foreign digital recording products cannot monitor radar images.
国内外产品不能监看雷达图像的原因是没有雷达译码和雷达数据处理能力，只能回放到本地雷达监看，在多雷达时代对异型外地雷达观察十分不便。本发明实现了对国内现有各型空管雷达的译码和雷达数据处理，实现对各型雷达的监视。这样空管监察部门可随时一边监看本地或外地雷达所反映的空中交通场景，一边监听飞行员和地面指挥员之间的通话，发现不安全的因素立即采取措施，并可马上就反复回放确认，且回放时不影响继续记录，这样就把从一个单纯记录以备出事后回放分析的工具，扩展到了可以进行空中交通的安全性实时监察的工具。The reason why domestic and foreign products cannot monitor radar images is that they do not have radar decoding and radar data processing capabilities, and can only be played back to local radars for monitoring. In the multi-radar era, it is very inconvenient to observe foreign radars. The invention realizes the decoding and radar data processing of various types of air traffic control radars in the country, and realizes the monitoring of various types of radars. In this way, the air traffic control and supervision department can monitor the air traffic scene reflected by the local or foreign radar at any time, and at the same time monitor the communication between the pilot and the ground commander, and immediately take measures if unsafe factors are found, and can immediately play back and confirm repeatedly. And the playback does not affect the continuous recording, which expands the tool from a simple recording tool for post-event playback analysis to a tool for real-time monitoring of air traffic safety.
四、附图说明4. Description of drawings
图1，多雷达数据处理接收接口引接结构图。Figure 1, multi-radar data processing receiving interface connection structure diagram.
图2，主控模块无损压缩流程图。Figure 2, the lossless compression flow chart of the main control module.
图3，数据输入输出模块工作流程图。Figure 3, the working flow diagram of the data input and output module.
五、具体实施方式5. Specific implementation
附图给出了本发明的一个具体实施例。Accompanying drawing has provided a specific embodiment of the present invention.
参见附图。本方法采用了二次压缩的方法。首先使用多雷达数据处理接收接口对雷达数据进行采集。由于雷达信号均为按帧传送的同步数字信号，实现多雷达数据处理接收的前提是可靠的同步通讯信道的保证。本接口使用RISC结构的微处理器，直接与现有各型空管雷达接口并能接收和回放FSK频移键控信号。图2给出了异地雷达和本地雷达处理单元的引接结构图，本接口适用于我国现有的所有雷达通信格式。See attached picture. This method adopts the method of secondary compression. Firstly, the multi-radar data processing and receiving interface is used to collect the radar data. Since radar signals are all synchronous digital signals transmitted by frames, the prerequisite for realizing multi-radar data processing and reception is the guarantee of reliable synchronous communication channels. This interface uses a microprocessor with RISC structure, directly interfaces with various types of air traffic control radars and can receive and playback FSK frequency shift keying signals. Figure 2 shows the connection structure diagram of remote radar and local radar processing unit. This interface is applicable to all existing radar communication formats in our country.
在无损压缩主控模块中，含有数据输入输出模块、参数配置模块、接收测试模块、雷达格式转换模块、坐标变换模块、报文识别与二次数据压缩模块等几个主要模块。其二次压缩的过程图1已经示出。In the lossless compression main control module, there are several main modules such as data input and output module, parameter configuration module, reception test module, radar format conversion module, coordinate transformation module, message identification and secondary data compression module. The process of its secondary compression is shown in Figure 1.
数据输入输出模块的流程如图3所示。输入数据流是系统底层程序从外界读取数据，并把它放到初始接收缓冲区RX中，底层程序不断的检查初始RX缓冲区，将数据经过处理，校验是否正确、去除传输协议的头和尾后，取出纯数据放入RX队列中。输出数据流正好相反。The flow of the data input and output module is shown in Figure 3. The input data stream is that the underlying program of the system reads data from the outside and puts it into the initial receiving buffer RX. The underlying program continuously checks the initial RX buffer, processes the data, checks whether it is correct, and removes the header of the transmission protocol. After the end, take out the pure data and put it into the RX queue. The output data flow is just the opposite.
参数配置模块支持HDLC和BSC两种同步通信协议，能自动适应0～64kbps各种传输波特率，雷达数据格式支持ALENIA、TOSHIBA、RAYTHEON等目前我国现役空管雷达。The parameter configuration module supports HDLC and BSC two synchronous communication protocols, and can automatically adapt to various transmission baud rates from 0 to 64kbps. The radar data format supports ALENIA, TOSHIBA, RAYTHEON and other air traffic control radars currently in service in my country.
接收测试模块主要用于测试输入通道的数据，并可实时录取雷达数据用作分析雷达数据格式，该模块在系统连接调试过程中比较重要。The receiving test module is mainly used to test the data of the input channel, and can record radar data in real time to analyze the radar data format. This module is more important in the process of system connection and debugging.
雷达格式转换模块针对目前我国引进的雷达种类繁多的情况，对空管雷达的正确译码和报文识别，做到不用人工干预的自适应，完成了几种主要雷达的不同协议、不同速率的通信要求。本部分软件由于涉及的内容多，任务复杂，实时性要求高，因此在软件设计时采用结构化模块设计。实现步骤是：按照参数配置模块重配置的参数配置表的配置初始化所有的通道；识别该分组输入、输出的通道号；从该分组中读取数据和数据帧的长度；根据参数配置表找到对应的输入、输出的雷达格式；根据输入的雷达格式，按照数据格式中对应的字段进行格式的识别。The radar format conversion module is aimed at the situation that there are many types of radars introduced in our country at present. The correct decoding and message recognition of the air traffic control radar can be self-adapted without manual intervention, and the different protocols and different rates of several major radars have been completed. Communication requirements. This part of the software involves a lot of content, complex tasks, and high real-time requirements, so the structural module design is adopted in the software design. The implementation steps are: initialize all channels according to the configuration of the parameter configuration table reconfigured by the parameter configuration module; identify the input and output channel numbers of the group; read the data and the length of the data frame from the group; find the corresponding The input and output radar format; according to the input radar format, the format is identified according to the corresponding field in the data format.
坐标变换模块是考虑引接异地雷达必然存在一个坐标平面转换的问题。经过坐标公式的变换后，结果与实际目标位置总会产生一定的误差。为了减少误差，在本模块中考虑了地北磁北地差异和球面投影为平面时地变形误差而采用了经验修正公式。实现步骤：进行保角变换；将地球变成一个理想球体，雷达站的经度、纬度变换成保角坐标；确定系统中心：确定接受异地雷达数据的地点坐标；将理想的球体坐标转换成以系统中心为原点并与球体相切的平面圆；将本地雷达数据转换成相对系统中心的雷达数据。The coordinate transformation module is to consider that there must be a problem of coordinate plane transformation when connecting to off-site radar. After the transformation of the coordinate formula, there will always be a certain error between the result and the actual target position. In order to reduce the error, in this module, the difference of the magnetic north and the ground deformation error when the spherical projection is flat is considered, and the empirical correction formula is adopted. Implementation steps: perform conformal transformation; transform the earth into an ideal sphere, and transform the longitude and latitude of the radar station into conformal coordinates; determine the center of the system: determine the coordinates of the location receiving radar data from different places; convert the ideal spherical coordinates into the system A planar circle centered at the origin and tangent to the sphere; converts local radar data to radar data relative to the center of the system.
报文识别模块与无损压缩模块主要完成报文的正确性的识别，对于不正确的报文直接丢弃，对于正确的报文将送入下一步进行数据的无损压缩处理的二次处理。例如LZW编码、代数编码等处理。其实现方式按照当前的雷达类型进行雷达数据包的识别。如果是正北报、扇区报则进行后续的处理，如果是错误的报文则直接丢弃。正确的报文经过相应的处理后最后需要经过无损压缩之后送出到TX队列中以供系统底层程序送出到输出端口。The message identification module and the lossless compression module mainly complete the identification of the correctness of the message, discard the incorrect message directly, and send the correct message to the next step for secondary processing of data lossless compression processing. Such as LZW coding, algebraic coding and other processing. The implementation method is to identify radar data packets according to the current radar type. If it is a Zhengbei report or a sector report, follow-up processing will be performed, and if it is an erroneous message, it will be discarded directly. After the correct message is processed accordingly, it needs to be losslessly compressed and then sent to the TX queue for the underlying program of the system to send to the output port.
连接雷达数据处理和显示模块后，通过前面的雷达数据的译码和报文识别，可以对压缩后的雷达数据进行目标的实时跟踪和雷达目标的成象。由于我们在雷达数据引入、雷达数据译码和报文识别、实现了对不同类型雷达接口以及雷达内部报文的译码和识别的能力，因此可以利用前面的结果来实现多种不同类型不同接口的雷达的跟踪处理。After connecting the radar data processing and display module, the compressed radar data can be used for real-time target tracking and radar target imaging through the decoding of the previous radar data and message recognition. Since we have achieved the ability to decode and identify different types of radar interfaces and radar internal messages in radar data introduction, radar data decoding and message recognition, we can use the previous results to realize a variety of different types of different interfaces. Radar tracking processing.
本无损压缩方法实现了对我国现有各型空管雷达的正确译码和报文识别并做到自适应。这样就可只记录有效报文，通道压缩比随目标多少而变化。由于在24小时之内，空中目标绝大多数情况远远低于负荷能力，因而雷达通道的平均综合压缩比可达数十甚至上百倍。本方法在雷达数据压缩上的突出优势，可以广泛的应用于雷达数据记录系统和空中交通管制中。The lossless compression method realizes the correct decoding and message recognition of various types of air traffic control radars in my country and achieves self-adaptation. In this way, only effective messages can be recorded, and the channel compression ratio varies with the number of targets. Since most of the air targets are far below the load capacity within 24 hours, the average comprehensive compression ratio of the radar channel can reach tens or even hundreds of times. The method has outstanding advantages in radar data compression, and can be widely used in radar data recording systems and air traffic control.
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