CN1981453A

CN1981453A - Low power wireless communication system and protocol

Info

Publication number: CN1981453A
Application number: CNA2005800199989A
Authority: CN
Inventors: C·F·诺伊格鲍尔
Original assignee: W5 Networks Inc
Current assignee: W5 Networks Inc
Priority date: 2004-06-17
Filing date: 2005-06-16
Publication date: 2007-06-13
Also published as: CN101015132A

Abstract

A wireless communication system and protocol are disclosed. The system includes at least one tag and at least one access point. The access point transmits a beacon signal that includes a predetermined binary sequence such as a pseudonoise (PN) sequence. The tag typically does not include an expensive accurate frequency generator component, such as a crystal oscillator. The tag searches for the beacon signal using a fast Walsh transform. Specifically, the tag performs fast Walsh transforms on received data to locate the beacon signal. Once the beacon signal is located, an accurate frequency reference signal can be established at the tag, allowing the tag and access point to transfer information to one another via a wireless, spread spectrum communication link.

Description

Low power wireless communication system and agreement

Technical field

The disclosure relates to low power wireless communication system.

Background technology

Wireless communication system generally includes a plurality of fixed transceiver devices, and they are with a plurality of remote transceiver devices communications.Usually, the remote transceiver devices number in this system is more than the number of fixed transceiver devices.

Just as known in the art, long-range and permanent plant all needs to produce the reference signal of same accurate frequency, so that intercom mutually effectively.If frequency generator fully departs from each other, then equipment can't intercom mutually.Unfortunately, the many application that are used for wireless communication system now all require to use a large amount of low costs, low power remote devices.But very difficult production is remote equipment cheaply, because they all need relatively costly parts or circuit (for example, crystal oscillator) to produce the accurate frequency reference signal.

Consider above-mentioned and other shortcoming, need a kind of improved low power wireless communication system and agreement.

Summary of the invention

A kind of improved low power wireless communication system and agreement are disclosed.This communication system comprises one or more marks (tag), and its (they) is via the same or a plurality of access point communications of wireless communication link.This access point sends a beacon signal that is received by described mark.Described mark is searched for this beacon signal by Walsh transformation.This beacon signal allows mark to set up one with the synchronous accurate frequency reference signal of the reference signal frequency that produces in the access point.

Others and feature will become obvious from the elaboration below in conjunction with accompanying drawing.

Description of drawings

Fig. 1 is the block diagram of an exemplary communication network.

Fig. 2 is the block diagram of an exemplary indicia.

Fig. 3 is the flow chart of the exemplary communication session between an access point and mark.

Fig. 4 is an exemplary status flow chart of mark.

Fig. 5 is an exemplary status flow chart of carrying out beacon search.

Fig. 6 is the exemplary status flow chart of an actuating code phase search.

Fig. 7 is the detailed diagram of an exemplary indicia.

Fig. 8 illustrates the exemplary operation diagram of the fast Walsh transform of carrying out among Fig. 7 (FWT).

Fig. 9 is the block diagram of an exemplary access point.

Figure 10 is a timing diagram, shows the moment that a chip period internal labeling oscillator need move.

Should be noted that in the whole accompanying drawing, each figure draws in proportion, and adopt similar reference number to represent the element of analog structure or function for the purpose of illustration.Should also be noted that these accompanying drawings are the elaboration for the ease of preferred embodiment.These accompanying drawings are not set forth various aspects of the present invention, do not limit category of the present invention yet.

Embodiment

Turn to accompanying drawing, now exemplary embodiment is set forth.

Fig. 1 is the block diagram of an example communication system.This communication system comprises a mark 100, WAP (wireless access point) 108, initialization terminal 103, a server 105 and a data network 106.WAP (wireless access point) 108 is communicated by letter with another mark via wireless communication link 101 isolabelings, 100 communications and via wireless communication link 109.With data network 106 communications, communication link 107 can be wired or wireless communication link to WAP (wireless access point) 108 via communication link 107.Data network 106 can be the data network of any kind, for example Local Area Network.Server 105 and initialization terminal 103 communicate with one another via communication link 110 and 111 respectively, and communication link 110 and 111 can be the wired or wireless communication link.Communication link set forth herein can be by known cryptographic algorithm coding, so that strengthen data safety of transmission on link.

Although Fig. 1 has drawn single marking 100, two access points 108, single initialization terminal 103 and individual servers 105, should be noted that this communication network can comprise mark 100, access point 108, initialization terminal 103 and the server 105 of any number.For example, a communication network can comprise hundreds of or thousands of marks 100, and each can both be with at least one access point 108 communication.

Access point 108 can directly communicate with one another via wireless communication link 109, for example, and in order to synchronous and position function of calibration.Access point 108 is connected to network 106 via a wired or wireless communication link 107.Therefore, access point 108, server 105 and initialization terminal 103 can communicate with one another via network 106.

Mark 100 be one can be via wireless communication link 101 transmission information, order, data and/or signal, and/or can be via the equipment of wireless communication link 101 reception information, order, data and/or signal.Server 105 can use initialization terminal 103 to carry out initialization via 104 pairs of marks of communication link 100.Responsible its used by multiple information initializing mark 100, for example the beacon-code of Du Te ID sign indicating number and expectation, Site ID sign indicating number, key, initial cost/display message etc.

Among the embodiment, mark 100 will be sent out (transmission) data acquisition system outward in a local data memory or memory (not shown).Then, in burst, data are sent, so that improve quality, the capacity of wireless channel and/or the power efficiency of system of communication link.In addition, can be by the order of access point 108 and/or server 105 generations or the transmitted power of instruction modulation or adjustment mark 100, so that reduce interference, save power and/or improve network capacity.In addition, mark 100 can in response to the parameter (for example, this locality of battery condition, metal and/or liquid interference, temperature etc.) of perception modulate or adjust the through-put power, frequency of it self radio frequency (RF) signal of producing, regularly, coding and/or waveform.

Among another embodiment, mark 100 can send or transmit a preassignment ID key, relate to the optional status data of mark 100 states, for example from altering transducer (tampersensor) or the battery levels that detects and/or such as the radio transmission of signal strength signal intensity or receive parameter.This information can independent or same out of Memory, signal, data, order etc. combine is transported to one or more access points 108 via wireless channel 101.

Among another embodiment, mark 100 via wireless channel 101 from one or more access points 108 and/or via communication link 104 from initialization terminal 103 reception information.For example, this information can comprise one or more target transmit power level, pointer commands, situation inquiry, safe key, initial state information, diagnostic command and/or identification code information.

Can use any suitable communication protocol to wireless communication link 109.Wireless communication link 109 can be based on existing communication standard, for example IEEE802.11 and 802.15 standard families, include but not limited to 802.11a, 802.11b, 802.11g, 802.15.1,802.15.3,802.15.3.a and 802.15.4, at this that these standard agreements are incorporated as a reference.In addition or selectively, wireless communication link 109 can be based on a kind of low digit rate multiple access impulse radio protocol.

Can use any suitable communication protocol to communication link 104 equally.Communication link 104 can be based on known communication standard, and for example I2C, USB, RS-232, IrDA and SPI are combined in this at this as a reference with these standard agreements.Initialization link can also with directly electrically contact, capacitive coupling, magnetic coupling or optical coupling be as a kind of communication mode.

Access point 108, initialization terminal 103 and server 105 can communicate via a wired lan or one or more WLAN by any suitable communication protocol such as TCP (TCP/IP).Spendable typical radio LAN example comprises standard IEEE 802.11a, 802.11b, 802.11g and their derivative or expansion thing, allly in them all is combined in this as a reference.

Server 105 comprises a processor that communicates with memory.Term " server " is intended to comprise any can control with monitor network 106, from access point 108 received signals and/or signal is transported to one or more computing equipments of one or more marks 100 via access point 108.Memory can be stored one or more control programs, in order to handle and/or management server 105 and network 106, comprises all parts in the network 106.In addition, memory can be stored the multiple information that relates to instrument (for example warehouse and factory) operation, includes but not limited to pricing information, order, inventory, transportation and receiving record, assets information, security information, office worker's information, component information, version information or the like.At this, this information can be by not isolabeling 100 visit uses.Because system requirements will be determined suitable special designs and function for server, the two or more servers 105 of use capable of being combined.For example, but the first memory storage control program, and second memory can be stored other useful information and the data such as the inventory record.In this case, though this information stores on another server 105, also addressable this information of book server 105.

Operate in the data flow that control program on the server 105 produces usually, distributes, stores, compares, communicates by letter and/or confirms ID sign indicating number key and mark 100 and access point 108.In addition, operate in control program on the server 105 and can confirm or check interaction between a plurality of marks 100.Server 105 can send it back confirmation signal the situation that mark 100 is indicated this affirmation and instruction.

Fig. 2 is the block diagram of an exemplary indicia 100.Mark 100 comprises one or more following parts: 125, antennas 126 of a radio integrated circuit (IC), one or more optional passive component 127, Initial Channel Assignment link 128, battery or other power supply 129, one or more optional ancillary equipment 130 and an one or more optional transducer 131.For example, representative passive components 127 comprises capacitor and resistor.For example, representative peripheral devices 130 comprises that one can receive and the two-way audio processor of audio information or a LCD (LCD) and the controller that is associated thereof.For example, typical sensors 131 comprises that a button, one alter detector or a battery condition sensor.

Term " battery " is intended to comprise portable power supplies, control or the storage device of any kind, for example button cell (for example watch cell), lithium battery, the chloride of silver cell, zinc chloride battery, carbon zinc battery, Ni-MH battery, lithium ion battery, polymer battery, alkaline battery, fuel cell, capacitor, solar cell, oscillating transducer, thermal power generator or lamination chemical cell.In the preferred embodiment, battery can comprise a small-sized discardable battery based on zinc and manganese dioxide, can randomly append to this battery in the substrate and is encapsulated in the plastics.

Term " transducer " or " a plurality of transducer " are intended to comprise that electric switch, capacitive touch sensor, the light of any kind trigger input, temperature sensor, voltage sensor or any other input mechanism or transducer.In other words, term " transducer " is intended to comprise large-scale given data input equipment.

Term " controller " is intended to comprise processor, for example microprocessor, control electronics, state machine and can be used to other circuit of other circuit element of Electronic Control operation.In addition, this controller can be connected to the memory or the memory of the one or more programs that are used for the storage control execution, perhaps can merge in the middle of described memory or the memory.

The element of antenna 126 can be used as a part of altering transducer or capacitive sensor by capacitive character and/or resistive coupling.Among the embodiment, a dipole antenna can comprise two the big area capacitance or resistance metallic plates that can play the transducer effect.Mark 100 is communicated by letter with access point 108 by antenna 126 via the low data rate protocol of setting forth below.

Can the optional feature such as transducer 131 and/or ancillary equipment 130 be added in the circuit according to using.Similarly, can be according to using the deletion parts.For example, if can delete battery 129 just mark 100 is used in the system with external power source, the micro radio additional card of mobile phone, camera or PDA(Personal Digital Assistant) for example.

Many application all can utilize low digit rate, low-power, low-cost wireless communication system, include but not limited to electronic shelf label, medicine tracking, supply chain management, point-of-sale terminal communication point, asset management, sensor network, building control system, voice network, computer network and secure network.In voice network application, can in the wireless headset (not shown), realize mark 100, this earphone comprises mark 100 and audio process ancillary equipment 130, this ancillary equipment receives, handles and audio-frequency information is sent to earphone/receive from microphone respectively.In electronic shelf label is used, can realize in an electronic shelf label that mark 100, this electronic shelf label comprise mark 100 and a LCD or other demonstration ancillary equipment 130, in order to indicative price in such as the retail environment in grocery store.In this example, mark 100 is presented on the LCD ancillary equipment 130 from the price of central server 105 reception renewals and with price via access point 108.

In the operation, mark 100 sends one or more signals, and these signals are received by one or more WAP (wireless access point) 108.According to (for example sending signal to reference signal, from reference marker) or the relative time of advent, the relative signal intensity of length of a game's reference that each access point 108 place is kept and/or the multichannel signing messages that receives in one or more WAP (wireless access point) 108 via wireless communication link, server 105 can be derived or the position of definite mark.The signal message that is received by mark 100 by three or more non-coplane WAP (wireless access point) 108 carries out " triangulation " to the position of tracked mark 100 or zone or multiple technologies, algorithm and the program determined are well-known in this area.Equally, determine that by two access points 108 multiple technologies, algorithm and the program of the position of mark 100 also are well-known in this area.

Among the embodiment, the communication link 101 between access point 108 and the mark 100 comprises two sublinks.First sublink is used for the communication of access point to mark.This link is centered close to the ISM frequency band of 2.44GHz, has the channel width of 60MHz.Second sublink is used for tag to the communication of access point.This link is in being centered close to the ultrabroad band of 4.1GHz (UWB).Should be realized that mark 100 can use any suitable frequency and frequency band with communicating by letter of 108 of access points.

Fig. 3 is the flow chart of access point 108 and 100 exemplary communication session of mark.This communication session can take place on wireless communication link 101.Fig. 3 provides the overview of communication protocol, below with reference to Fig. 4-6 this agreement is further set forth.

Communication session sends a beacon signal (step 150) from access point 108, and this beacon signal is by pseudo noise code (PN sign indicating number) coding and by any suitable digital modulation technique modulation.Among the embodiment, by N=7 PN sign indicating number (length 2 ^N-1=127) this beacon signal is encoded, adopt the described N=7 PN sign indicating number of 20ns broad pulse on-off keying (OOK) modulation of the 2.44GHz carrier wave of 9Mb/s bit (chip) speed.Bit or chip are individual bits in the PN sequence as used herein.This beacon signal can be transmitted continuously, is interrupted transmission at predetermined instant, or is sent out when not having miscellaneous equipment to use channel.If there are a plurality of access points 108 in system, then multiple access point 108 can be regulated their beacon transmission, thereby makes the synchronous and locking phase of 9MHz bit rate therebetween.

The purpose of beacon signal is to provide an accurate frequency reference for mark 100.Usually, mark 100 does not comprise accurate frequency reference, for example crystal or resonator.Mark 100 uses beacon signal to derive an accurate frequency reference.This technology is useful, because it does not require the accurate frequency reference of integrated costliness in mark 100.

Mark 100 has a dormancy timer function, and this allows mark 100 to enter a very lower powered resting state, and has only the operation of dormancy timer.When dormancy timer expiration (step 151), mark 100 powers up (step 152) and begins to attempt and obtains beacon signal (step 153) by the local search algorithm.Can be by the miscellaneous equipment that occurs in access point 108 or the communication system this dormancy timer function of programming.The dormancy timer also can be to altering or transducer indication reacts, or the change in the beacon PN sign indicating number is reacted.

Mark 100 is searched for the PN sign indicating number of beacon signal an enough big search volume, so that cover manufacturing variation and operate the frequency change that deviation causes.The PN sign indicating number is a sign indicating number family, produces by linear feedback shift register (LFSR) easily.Just as known in the art, the PN sign indicating number has auto-correlation function, and its all place outside phase zero points is all very low, and this makes them be suitable for use as the spread spectrum channel discriminator.But the shortcoming that the PN sign indicating number uses is that the relevant/detection at receiver place requires a large amount of operations.Especially, this relevant/testing process can require to (2 ^N1) ²Operation, wherein 2 ^NThe-1st, the length of PN sequence.

For the acceleration search process and reduce the desired operand of detected beacon signals, mark 100 uses fast Walsh transforms (FWT) effectively to realize one group of PN correlator.Walsh transformation is a kind of binary translation, and length is 2 in the time of most of ^NWalsh transformation has the character of a uniqueness, and the row of transformation matrix can be by displacement (rearrangement), and the row of new matrix comprises all rotations of given PN sign indicating number thus.This displacement can replace matrix application to the input data, allows quick O (N2 ^N) conversion replaces O (N ^2N) the code searching problem.After finishing, FWT also need a kind of being inverted to bring the counter-rotating dateout.Carry out a kind of parallel PN code phase search by FWT, greatly reduced the required operand of detected beacon signals.For example, if the PN sign indicating number has the length of 127 bits, standard search will be taked 16 129 operations (127 ²), and use the search of FWT will take 889 operations (7 * 127).

Fast Walsh transform is set forth comprising following multiple publication species: the article that Srdjan Z.Budisin delivered on Mediterranean ElectrotechnicalConference Proceedings 513-515 page or leaf in 1989, be entitled as " Fast PNSequence Correlation by using FWT (being correlated with) " by the quick PN sequence of using FWT, wherein set forth a kind of existing method, fast Walsh transform has been used for the fast correlation of PN sign indicating number; The paper that Abdulqadir Alaqeeli and Janusz Starzyk delivered on the Proc.Southeastern of Athens OH Symposium on System Theory in calendar year 2001, be entitled as " Hardware Implementation for Fast Convolution with a PN Code UsingField Programmable Gate Array (using field programmable gate array that the hardware of PN sign indicating number fast convolution is realized) ", wherein set forth fast Walsh transform is used for obtaining fast of PN code phase; And the article on IEEE Transactions on Information Theory 135-137 page or leaf, delivered in January, 1977 of Martin Cohn and Abraham Lempel, be entitled as " On Fast M-Sequence Transforms (M sequence transformation research fast) ", wherein set forth the correlation that fast Walsh transform is used for pseudo noise code.These are with reference to all disclosing the relevant/detection that fast Walsh transform is used for pseudo noise code.But they do not disclose as the disclosure is instructed or suggestion is used for fast Walsh transform to set up the accurate frequency reference signal at remote equipment.

As elaborating below, in acquisition process, mark 100 steppings are by sequence (for example, being centered close to 2.44GHz), pulse repetition period (PRP) (for example, being centered close to about 111ns) and the impulse phase of pulse center frequency.Concrete frequency is with responsible application of cycle and different.Search is usually from the frequency of communication session formerly with the cycle begins and an inswept a limited number of frequency/period/phase combination, and this finite population combination is enough wide to consider oscillator that influence was caused and voltage-controlled oscillator (VCO) deviation by voltage, temperature, load and/or other generation deviation.To set forth FWT beacon acquisition procedure in further detail below.Obtaining provides a best match frequency and PRP after the beacon.

By morning/late PN correlator being used as phase detectors, phase-locked loop (PLL) locking beacon signal (step 154).Adopt the code phase data initialization correlator of above-mentioned FWT.Allow PLL to have the sufficient time to adjust, so it can accurate tracking beacon pulse rate.Beacon signal also can comprise one or more additional stack synchronous codes, and they have longer or shorter PN code length, in order to promote search (more short code) or higher noise suppressed (more long code) faster.Just as known in the art, can dynamically adjust the PLL loop bandwidth, so that maximize catching range and minimize whole search and locking time.

Mark 100 also can be searched for a plurality of beacon-codes (this step is not shown).Can transmit a plurality of beacon-codes simultaneously by the subclass of one or more access points 108, so that will hang down the data rate information broadcast near a plurality of marks 100 places these access point 108 subclass.For example, can derive this message by the FWT peak value of more different beacon-codes.The a plurality of data types of this broadcasting mechanism codified include but not limited to that transmitted power is indicated, the shared element (as key) or the synchronizing information of dormancy/wake up order and/or encipherment scheme.

In case PLL locks onto 9MHz beacon bit rate (step 154), binary phase shift keying (BPSK) modulation of weak point (2ns width) pulse of mark by being centered close to 4.1GHz sends a N=16 (length 2 ^N-1=65535) training or Pilot PN sign indicating number (step 155).Option code length, transmission frequency and modulation scheme depend on application, and this instruction is not limited to this consideration.Access point 108 is carried out FWT PN code searching (step 156) constantly or frequently, in order to seek the midamble code peak value.Training sequence allows access point 108 certification mark signals, and allows one group of multichannel of access point 108 sequencing or RAKE filter tap to optimize the communication of isolabeling 100.Below this process is set forth in more detail.

Subsequently, mark 100 adopts two N=14 (length 2 ^N-1=16383) PN sign indicating number reproduces data bit, sends its unique ID sign indicating number (step 157).Person of skill in the art will appreciate that and to use other spread-spectrum coding techniques that for example sign indicating number moves keying or complementary code keying.Access point 108 has one group of correlator, the data flow (step 158) that their recoveries are sent out.When the ID sign indicating number fully or when being enough to unique identification mark 100, one or more access points 108 adopt a N=14 (length 2 ^N-1=16383) PN sign indicating number is to sending a coded message and CRC, in order to encoded data bits (step 159).The code type (PN or other) and the selection of code length depend on application.

By use the 2.44GHz access point to the defeated sign indicating number of mark communication links to code phase with access point to the message of mark target as specific markers, it is identical with code phase or be associated that described link is tagged to the sign indicating number that uses in the access point communication link with 4.1GHz, and perhaps this link is indexed to Tag ID.Access point to the message of mark can comprise the request (not shown) to supplemental tag data.The supplemental tag data example include but not limited to transmission power level, dormancy time, new ID sign indicating number or EPC, safe key, training sequence satisfy numeric data code phase relation, CRC check and or the like.

Mark 100 receives data pay(useful) load 160 and returns affirmation (ACK) 161, and this affirmation is access in a little and 108 receives and be examined (step 163).In case mark 100 has been handled the message that is received, this dormancy timer is set up (step 164) and mark can cut off the power supply (step 165).

Collect during Data Receiving after the high accuracy multichannel model, access point 108 can be determined the lead edge timing of input signal accurately.In addition or as alternative, also can use original FWT midamble code multichannel model information to determine or the further leading edge time that arrives of constraint.In case overall relatively reference clock or known reference signal have been determined the time of advent, access point 108 can be sent to data server 105, is used for further processing.

The communication session that Fig. 3 describes is a kind of in the middle of the multiple possible communication stream combination.It should be appreciated by those skilled in the art that and in this instruction category, have many other communication stream.For example, mark 100 can require the part of additional data pay(useful) load as its data-message, the expanding communication dialogue.Can add, cover or replace handshaking protocol, security protocol, authentication protocol and/or the sign indicating number sequence of any number, this is equally within the category of this instruction.

Fig. 4 is the exemplary status flow chart of mark 100.Mark 100 is from resting state (step 200), and wakes up at given time.Another state of checking particular sensor (for example, altering detector) state and return dormancy when situation not changing does not illustrate, but this is within the category of this instruction.During the expiration of dormancy timer, mark 100 is waken up and is begun to adopt the FWT search that beacon signal is searched for (step 201).With reference to figure 5 this FWT search is further set forth.If do not find beacon, mark 100 enters a power/dormancy adjustment process (step 210) before returning dormancy (step 200).Among the embodiment, if mark 100 repeats failure in seeking beacon, then mark 100 thinks that it has exceeded the beacon scope and has revised (for example, expansion) its dormancy time automatically, so that keep electric weight.

If the discovery beacon, mark 100 is carried out FWT, to determine code phase (step 202).With reference to figure 6 this code phase determining step is further specified.If do not find code phase, state (step 210) is adjusted in mark 100 ingoing power/dormancy before returning dormancy.Among the embodiment, if mark 100 is not found effective code phase, then mark 100 can be expanded its dormancy time, so that keep electric weight.

If find the effective code phase place, then mark 100 adopts PLL tracking beacon bit rate (step 203).Among the embodiment, use PLL with 9MHz centre frequency.PLL realizes locking at predetermined instant.If the locking failure, then state (step 210) is adjusted in mark 100 ingoing powers/dormancy.If PLL locking, then the PLL of mark with beacon bit rate synchronously and begin to adopt any suitable digital modulation technique to send its training sequence (step 204).Among the embodiment, used N=6 (length 2 ^N-1=65535) training PN sequence and BPSK modulation.In case finish training sequence (midamble code that can comprise a plurality of repetitions), mark 100 just begins just to have that group of PN sign indicating number transmit and receive data (step 205).Among the embodiment, used N=14 (length 2 ^N-1=16383) PN sign indicating number.Those skilled in the art will recognize that and to use other spread-spectrum coding techniques that for example sign indicating number moves keying or complementary code keying.

When finishing transmission, mark 100 is checked the validity (step 206) that receives data.If data-message is invalid or unreliable, mark 100 is turning back to dormancy (step 200) ingoing power/dormancy adjustment state (step 210) before.If the message that receives is effective, then mark 100 new variables at first upgrades non-safety value (step 207), is checking that safe key (step 208) upgrades secure variant (step 209) afterwards then.For example, when mark 100 was waken up, its reference clock may significantly depart from global clock (determining from beacon signal).In order to proofread and correct this skew, can upgrade a new dormancy time variable at mark 100.When access point 108 expectation marks 100 are waken up in next one dialogue, this will help to guarantee that mark 100 wakes up.

Fig. 5 is an exemplary status flow chart (step 201 of Fig. 4) of carrying out beacon search.Optimum frequency and PRP (step 225) that mark 100 is set to frequency and pulse repetition period (PRP) to know recently.Zero clearing is called as the local variable (step 226) of " max " then.Mark 100 adopts analog to digital converter (ADC) constantly to catch sampling at the PRP place.Storage and processing sampled data (step 227) in the long segment that for example comprises 127 samplings.The permutation function that adopting LFSR to produce multinomial derives is replaced (rearrangement) (step 228) to this long segment.Then, the data of rearrangement are carried out FWT (step 229).Try to achieve the peak value of FWT output and the absolute value (step 230) of mean value, wherein the PRP of peak value (max) together with frequency and peak value check kept.Continuation is enough to cover beacon search at a width and expects between the cycle to carry out on the local frequencies of skew and the PRP group and search for (step 231).Among the embodiment, the phase place that this search has covered one or more oscillator frequencies (for example, being centered close to 2.44GHz), PRP (for example, being centered close to 111ns) and PRP (for example, 0-111ns).The central value and the step-length of search depend on application, and this instruction is not limited to this consideration.

In case finish search, mark 100 compares (step 232) with FWT result's maximum (for example, all FWT results' peak value) with average absolute value.If peak value is much larger than average absolute value, then mark 100 has been found that a beacon (step 234) with the statistical confidence indication.Otherwise, announce not find beacon (step 233).Among the embodiment, the maximum that determines whether to find beacon is set to 4 to the ratio of average absolute value.Can use other threshold values or more complicated statistical test (for example, peak value is to RMS) to determine beacon status, this is also within the category of this instruction.

Fig. 6 is the exemplary status flow chart (step 202 of Fig. 4) that the actuating code phase place is determined function.The frequency and the PRP (step 250) that determine in the step 201 (Fig. 6) at first are set.Then, the local variable that is called as the peak value detection of " max " is cleared (step 251).Then, mark 100 is caught one group of 127 new sampling (step 252) from its ACD.Produce multinomial according to specific PN these data are replaced (step 253).Then, these data are carried out FWT (step 254).The output of scanning FWT is also found peak value (step 255).Index (i) and maximum all are stored (step 255).The maximum that this is new is with the peak value of determining in the beacon search (Fig. 4 step 201) compare (step 256).If their unanimities, then providing by corresponding decommutation function and producing multinomial from the PN sign indicating number similarly derives this index, in order to derive the code phase (step 257) of relative mark 100 FWT of beacon-code.Subsequently, this code phase information is used to be provided with the initial condition (step 258) of one group of PN correlator, and described PN correlator is used as the phase detectors of marker speed PLL.If new maximum is consistent with the beacon search peak of step 201 (Fig. 4), the code phase search function then appears, and a code phase (step 259) is found in indication.If new maximum with 201 beacon search peak inconsistent (for example, differing more than 20%), the code phase search function (step 260) that code phase is not found in expression then occurs.Although do not illustrate among Fig. 6, determining not find code phase and appearance (step 260) before, this process (from step 252) can repeatedly repeat.Among another embodiment, PRP has slight change during each repeating step 252, in order to improve the possibility that beacon detects again.

Use displacement-FWT-decommutation function in noise data, the PN sign indicating number to be implemented wide region search efficiently and have a plurality of significant advantage, comprise and reduce hardware complexity, improve signal to noise ratio (passing through coding gain), reduce the beacon acquisition time, reduce power dissipation, eliminate expensive frequency reference and simplify mark structure.In case known signal frequency, PRP and code phase just can use one group and follow the tracks of correlator slowly, so that the power supply of the FWT engine that after the beacon acquisition process, breaks, thereby power saved.The transfer speed of code phase between FWT and tracking correlator is very fast, and the sufficient to guarantee beacon can not lost.Among the embodiment, accurate transfer and the PLL locking that gets the sufficient to guarantee code phase of PRP step-length.Among another embodiment, modulation PLL loop filter response so that allow the rapid locking of PRP, slows down this PLL loop filter, subsequently in order to improve its unsettled performance.

Fig. 7 is the detailed diagram of exemplary indicia 100.Antenna 275 is attached on combination low noise amplifier (LNA)/mixer/driver circuit 276, and the latter is connected to and can carries out on the tuning oscillator 293 on big relatively frequency range (comprising 4.1GHz and 2.44GHz in the present embodiment).During the transfer of data, oscillator 293 provides a differential signal.During Data Receiving, oscillator 293 provides a plurality of difference quadrature signals by a configuration set transistor (not shown).LNA/ mixer/driver circuit 276 is also driven by pulse envelope maker 278, and 278 are used for producing the envelope that sends pulse.Among the embodiment, it is wide to send the about 2ns of pulse, has the carrier frequency of 4.1GHz.Mark 100 control impuls envelope makers 278, timing, power and shape that it can modulating pulse.Output waveform is preferably obeyed the UWB rule that FCC determines.

The LNA/ mixer/driver circuit 276 of receiving mode produces quadrature demodulated signal (I and Q), and these signals are provided in one group of low frequency amplifier and the filter 277.Automatic gain control (AGC) loop (not shown) is adjusted the gain of amplifier 277 according to the power level that receives.279 pairs in relevant complex sample (CDS) circuit orthogonal signalling is as a result sampled, and it calculates the dot product difference of 3 groups of CDS IQ samplings, thereby produces a signal difference simulation output.Perhaps, CDS circuit 279 calculates the change (for example, I1-I0 and Q1-Q0) between two continuous I and the Q sampling.Among the embodiment, the output of CDS increment dot circuit 279 (for example, 9MHz) is located by one or more migration analog to digital converter (ADC) 280 digitlizations with 6 definition in beacon bit rate.The output of ADC 280 is provided to data multiplexer 282, one group of N=7 beacon correlators 289 and one group of N=14 and receives correlator 281.Data multiplexer 282 is connected to random-access memory (ram) 284, and it is particularly useful for the FWT operation.Among the embodiment, RAM 284 is 256 words of 12.Address generator 283 is connected to RAM 284 and controls the address bus of RAM 284.Address generator 283 is realized the ordering that displacement and FWT function require.RAM 284 is also connected to FWT butterfly structure 285, and it calculates a FWT original function.The output of FWT butterfly structure 285 is provided to data multiplexer 282, peak detector 286 and absolute value summation gatherer 272.Peak detector is used for determining FWT output result's maximum, for use in beacon search and code phase search.The output of peak detector 286 is provided to question blank 287, and it obtains the peak value index and this index is sent to beacon following the tracks of the initial condition of PN generator 288 from the FWT sequence.Question blank (LUT) 287 combination FWT output sequences (out of order), decommutation function and code phase are to the mapping of LFSR state, in order to be initialized as with beacon-code 7 LFSR in the PN generator 288 (N=7) synchronous.

The synchronic PN code of PN generator 288 drives one group of correlator 289, and the latter is used as the PRPPLL phase detectors.These beacon correlators 289 provide one morning slow signal, this signal can be used to reduce or improve local PLL frequency so that the tracking beacon bit frequency.Early signal is provided to the digital loop filters 290 that signal is carried out low-pass filtering late.The response characteristic of loop filter 290 is modulated to when PLL begins to follow the tracks of at first at first optimization acquisition time, optimization shake when PLL realizes locking then.Loop filter output drives a voltage controlled oscillator (VOC) 291, and the latter produces the sample frequency (for example, 9MHz=beacon bit rate) of CDS increment dot circuit 279 and ADC 280.Delay 292 that also can be by the dither sampling clock with provide good (sub-chip) early/late signal produce early/sampling late.ADC280, CDS increment dot circuit 279, beacon correlators 289, loop filter 290, VCO 291 and postpone 292 and form a closed circuit PLL who locks onto beacon bit rate, it is centered close to 9MHz in one embodiment.

During beacon search operation, the PLL loop is opened.From its numerical value the numerical value of nearest communication session or near storage drive VCO 291.Similarly, the frequency of oscillator 293 is by another digital to analog converter (DAC) 294 control, and among the embodiment, digital to analog converter is arranged on oscillator 293 that nominal 4.1GHz is used for transmission and 2.44GHz is used for reception.Perhaps, the frequency of oscillator 293 can be the multiple (for example, 2439MHz is 271 times of 9MHz beacon rate) of VCO 291 frequencies.

Among another embodiment, mark 100 can be included in calibration storage tuning in the fc-specific test FC step.For example, oscillator frequency can enough be stablized, and making does not need as the part of beacon search process it is had efficient search.Perhaps, can intermittently search for this frequency.This instruction does not limit scope, interval scale and the combination of beacon search.

In order to send data, the bit stream 299 that is sent is provided in optional forward error correction (FEC) encoder 298.Among the embodiment, FEC encoder 298 is speed 1/2 convolution coders of a K=7.Coded data stream is from two N=14 (length 2 ^N-1=16383) select in the sign indicating number one to transfer out from PN generator 297.The bit stream that launches is sent in the BPSK modulator 296, and 296 will start bounce-back (startup kick) offers oscillator 293.In addition, N=16 (length 2 ^N-1=65535) PN generator 295 drives BPSK modulator 296 in the training stage.

Oscillator 293 can be set to cut off the power supply in each bit period, thereby saves power.Among the embodiment, oscillator 293 is pulse-modulated oscillators, and it requires one to start bounce-back and obtain certainty phase place with respect to the 9MHz beacon frequency.The beginning pulse is produced according to the bit status of expectation during the transmission by BPSK modulator 296.Access point 108 is carried out coherent detection, and this requires to send pulsion phase and proofreaies and correct for the precise phase of beacon bit frequency, and this follows the tracks of PLL by the beacon in the mark and provides.Thus, each 111ns bit (or chip) in the cycle Rx sampling be received and the signal portion of Tx pulse after being sent out, can cut off oscillator 293.Figure 10 is a timing diagram, has shown how oscillator only need produce signal (I on a relative segment of chip period _Osc).By in each chip period, closing oscillator, can save a large amount of power.Be used for from the coherent communication that is tagged to access point synchronously and phase noise require to be transformed into low frequency (for example, 9MHz) PLL loop from high-frequency generator 293.

Among another embodiment, the beacon tracing function is irrelevant and do not require accurate phasing.During Data Receiving, oscillator 293 drives frequency mixer 276 in a short cycle (for example, the 20ns in the 111ns chip period), in order to sampling OOK beacon pulse signal.During transfer of data, oscillator 293 also drives frequency mixer 276 in a short cycle (for example, the 5ns in the 111ns chip period).The oscillation periods conserve power that these are short.Among another embodiment, sequencing starts phase place to oscillator 293 and the orthogonal ring oscillator of time is formed by having.Among another embodiment, adopt two separate oscillators 293 generations, transmission and receiving local oscillation signals.Thereby each oscillator all can suitably be optimized independently and is used for 2.44GHz (Rx) and 4.1GHz (Tx).Make them in each bit period, only activate very short time by each Tx of duty cycle and Rx oscillator, can be similarly power cycle in the bit period realize power-saving.The power cycle characteristic and the multimode circuit of each bit period characteristic allow full-duplex communication fast, and do not need the general of short duration transmission of a large amount of mark Rx/Tx circuit in many existing radio communications.The full-duplex communication of low latency reduces in the mark needs to complex data storage and media access circuitry.Outside the embodiment set forth herein, those skilled in the art will recognize that can adopt many alternate manners to realize oscillator 293, all modes are all within the category of this instruction.

Except oscillator 293, other circuit in the mark 100 all can be in the bit period internal cutting off, so that save power.For example, in bit period, when being in accepting state, LNA, frequency mixer and drive circuit 276 just they can not cut off (for example, the 91ns outage among the 111ns), so that save the power of battery.In bit period, receiving mode can send any reflection or the residual effect that the pulse generation brings thereby farthest weakened prior to sending mode before mark 100 reenters receiving mode.

Fig. 8 shows the exemplary operation diagram of the FWT that carries out in Fig. 7 mark 100.256 * 12 RAM 284 are divided into 3 parts.Position 0 * 00 to 0 * 3F is reserved the combinatorial input data that are used for CDS increment point or RMS calculator 279.Position 0 * 40 to 0 * BF is reserved and is used for FWT intermediate object program 304.Position 0 * C0 to 0 * FF is used for user data, for example ID sign indicating number, safe key, state variable, PN sign indicating number generating function, calibration value, power level and/or electronic product code (EPC) 305.

Input RMS data are stored in the displacement series 301, and two samplings of combination in each word.FWT engine in 7 times (pass) above first pass reading of data from unordered 307 the RAM 284 covers legacy data to prevent new input data.Similarly, the result of FWT butterfly structure 285 is also unordered, and is write back in the FWT zone of RAM 304 such as 308.FWT is a standard FWT order all over 2 to 6 (309).Last of FWT is all over being similarly order 310, but the result is not written back to RAM 284.The result of last time is provided in the peak detector 286, and 286 announce a successful index.This success index is provided to LUT 287 subsequently, and the latter is translated into 7 position indexes the 7b initial value of PN generator 288.In the middle of the others, can adjust bit wide, position and computation sequence according to using, this is within the category of this instruction.

Fig. 9 is the block diagram of exemplary access point 108.Reception antenna 325 is connected on the low noise amplifier (LNA) 326, and the latter drives filter 327, and filter then limits the bandwidth of input signal.This signal is provided to orthogonal mixer 328, and it produces the orthogonal component signal (I and Q) of frequency down-converts.Orthogonal mixer 328 is also driven at 4.1GHz nominal frequency place by PLL 339.Orthogonal signalling from frequency mixer 328 are passed through two band pass filters 329 subsequently, and by two ADC 330 digitlizations.331 further in numeric field to this as a result digital quadrature signal carry out filtering.

Filtered orthogonal signalling are provided to the compound FWT engine 3 32 of N=16, its training sequence that search mark 100 sends in the waveform that receives.The FWT RAM333 that is used to store intermediate object program is attached to FWT engine 3 32.Employing peak detector 352 is determined existence and the code phase from the training signal of mark 100 in received signal.

The output of FWT engine 3 34 and peak detector 352 is provided among the multichannel coefficients R AM 334.Among the embodiment, multichannel coefficients R AM 334 data are used for one group of multi-channel filter 335 is programmed, and these multi-channel filters are realized a RAKE combiner, are used to the immunity of improving signal to noise ratio and multichannel being misinformated.For the RAKE combiner being programmed, at first from multichannel coefficients R AM 334, extract the compound I and the Q FWT point of M maximum (screening) near the time predefined window all FWT results' the global peak by amplitude, real part, imaginary part or combination in any by M tap.M maximum reflection of this M maximum correlation peak value representation incoming signal.The time window of amplitude screening is determined by the reflection hysteresis, is therefore expected that described reflection hysteresis is positioned at given a setting.In the typical case, the relative global peak of amplitude screening window position is that 100ns arrives+500ns.This window allows some early to arrive, and allows to have a large amount of late the reaching that last reflection to 500 feet path length differences brings.Among the embodiment, multi-channel filter 335 is carried out sequencing by near the maximum amplitude walsh function result of the preset window overall FWT peak value in the time complex conjugate.

The output of multi-channel filter 335 is sent in the complex correlators 336 of one group of N=14, and these correlators extract data bit from the reception stream of mark 100 codings.Non-imposed ground is provided to the output of complex correlators 336 in one group of error correcting code (ECC) decoder 337, and these decoders revert to Rx bit stream 348 with the initial markers data bit flow.One group of LFSR344 (PN code generator) provides sequence for complex correlators 336.Complex correlators 336 also can make the data flow of digital filter 331 relevant non-imposedly, so that directly collect a high accuracy multiple path routing model on transfer of data length.The result is stored among the correlation RAM343.The content of correlation RAM343 and peak detector 352 is used for by the forward position of forward position detector 342 definite stream of pulsess, forward position detector 342 is used for calculated data stream with respect to time of advent 350 of calibrated timer (not shown), described calibrated timer between a plurality of access points synchronously and/or synchronous with a plurality of reference mark signal in known location.

By the transmitter side of beacon-code generator 341 LFSR driving access point 108,341 produce the beacon sequence of coding.The message, affirmation (ACK) message and any supplementary data that send all are combined in the Tx data flow 349 one group of N=14TxPN code generator of this data flow driven (being also referred to as " LFSR ") 345.Beacon LFSR 341 and Tx LFSR 345 drive DAC/OOK modulator 346, and this modulator stack beacon and data-signal are to produce the single output waveform of a combination.Subsequently, output signal drives frequency mixer 353 and power amplifier 347, and this power amplifier drives transmitting antenna 351.2.44GHz local oscillator 354 also drives frequency mixer 353.

9MHz PLL 340 locks onto other access point via synchronous circuit 355.4.1GHz PLL339 locks onto 9MHz PLL 340.4 frequency dividing circuits 338 offer ADC 330 with the sampling clock of 1.025GHz.9MHz PLL 340 drives beacon modulator 346.

Those skilled in the art can recognize that a plurality of embodiment disclosed herein allow multiple modification and replacement form, and this by accompanying drawing in the mode of example wherein specific example is elaborated.

Claims

1. wireless communication system comprises:

At least one mark has a spread spectrum receivers; And

At least one access point has a spread-spectrum transmitter;

Wherein access point can send first signal by predetermined binary sequence coding, and this mark can receive described first signal and use and should implement fast Walsh transform by predetermined binary sequence, setting up an accurate frequency reference signal in mark, this accurate frequency reference signal allows mark and access point to transmit information each other via wireless, a spread spectrum communication link.

2. the system in the claim 1, wherein said predetermined binary sequence is pseudo noise (PN) sequence.

3. the system in the claim 1, wherein this mark does not comprise crystal oscillator.

4. the system in the claim 1, wherein this mark can be replaced predetermined binary sequence before carrying out fast Walsh transform.

5. the system in the claim 1 further comprises a server, and it can be with message transmission to access point.

6. the system in the claim 1 further comprises a server, and it can be with message transmission to mark.

7. the system in the claim 1 wherein is marked at it and withdraws from the search that begins after the park mode first signal.

8. the system in the claim 1, wherein mark further comprises a phase-locked loop (PLL), it locks onto on the frequency of first signal.

9. the system in the claim 1, wherein mark sends a secondary signal by predetermined binary sequence coding, and access point uses the predetermined binary sequence of this secondary signal to carry out fast Walsh transform.

10. the system in the claim 1, wherein system comprises a plurality of marks and a plurality of access point.

11. the system in the claim 1, wherein mark and access point are arranged in a retail shop, and mark is used for showing pricing information for client.

12. a method of carrying out in wireless communication system, this method comprises:

Send beacon signal by wireless communication link;

Receive beacon signal from wireless communication link;

Come the acquisition beacon signal by adopting numerical data to carry out fast Walsh transform; And

If beacon signal has been located in the result of fast Walsh transform indication, then set up an accurate frequency reference signal according to the numerical data that is included in the beacon signal.

13. the method in the claim 12, wherein the accurate frequency reference signal allows via wireless, spread spectrum communication link transmission information between mark and access point.

14. the method in the claim 12, wherein beacon signal comprises a pseudo noise (PN) sequence.

15. the method in the claim 12 further is included in and implements to replace to digital data before the fast Walsh transform.

16. the method in the claim 12 further is included in the localizer beacon signal and adopts phase-locked loop (PLL) to lock onto on the frequency of beacon signal afterwards.

17. the method in the claim 12 further comprises:

Send a training signal by predetermined binary sequence coding;

Receive this training signal; And

Adopt training signal to implement fast Walsh transform.

18. a Wireless Telecom Equipment comprises:

An antenna;

A spread spectrum receivers of carrying out telecommunication with antenna; And

A processor that carries out telecommunication with receiver;

Wherein, by receiving first signal of encoding and adopting the predetermined binary sequence enforcement fast Walsh transform of this first signal in described Wireless Telecom Equipment, to set up an accurate frequency reference signal by predetermined binary sequence.

19. the Wireless Telecom Equipment in the claim 18, wherein predetermined binary sequence is pseudo noise (PN) sequence.

20. the Wireless Telecom Equipment in the claim 18, wherein Wireless Telecom Equipment does not comprise crystal oscillator.

21. the Wireless Telecom Equipment in the claim 18, wherein this Wireless Telecom Equipment was replaced predetermined binary sequence before implementing fast Walsh transform.

22. the Wireless Telecom Equipment in the claim 18, wherein this Wireless Telecom Equipment just begins to search for first signal after withdrawing from park mode.

23. the Wireless Telecom Equipment in the claim 18, wherein this Wireless Telecom Equipment also comprises a phase-locked loop (PLL), and it locks onto on the frequency of first signal.

24. the Wireless Telecom Equipment in the claim 18, wherein this Wireless Telecom Equipment sends a secondary signal by predetermined binary sequence coding.

25. the Wireless Telecom Equipment in the claim 18, wherein this Wireless Telecom Equipment is arranged in a retail shop and is used for showing pricing information for client.

26. the Wireless Telecom Equipment in the claim 18 also comprises a display that is used for showing information in the retail shop, wherein just display message is upgraded when Wireless Telecom Equipment receives update displayed information.

27. the Wireless Telecom Equipment in the claim 18, wherein this Wireless Telecom Equipment can receive initialization information from initialization apparatus.

28. a method of implementing in Wireless Telecom Equipment, this method comprises:

Receive a beacon signal from wireless communication link;

Search for this beacon signal by adopting the numerical data that comprises in the beacon signal to implement fast Walsh transform; And

If beacon signal has been located in the result of fast Walsh transform indication, then set up an accurate frequency reference signal.

29. the method in the claim 28, wherein the accurate frequency reference signal information that makes can be transmitted between this Wireless Telecom Equipment and another Wireless Telecom Equipment by wireless, spread spectrum communication link.

30. the method in the claim 28, wherein numerical data comprises a pseudo noise (PN) sequence.

31. the method in the claim 28 further is included in and implements to replace to digital data before the fast Walsh transform.

32. the method in the claim 28 further is included in the localizer beacon signal and adopts phase-locked loop (PLL) to lock onto on the frequency of beacon signal afterwards.

33. the method in the claim 28 further comprises sending the signal with training sequence.

34. the method in the claim 28 further comprises the demonstration pricing information.

35. the method in the claim 28 further comprises:

Show pricing information; And

When receiving the renewal pricing information, just pricing information is upgraded this Wireless Telecom Equipment.

36. the method in the claim 28 further comprises from initialization apparatus receiving initialization information.

37. a Wireless Telecom Equipment comprises:

An antenna;

A spread-spectrum transceiver that carries out telecommunication with antenna; And

A processor that carries out telecommunication with this transceiver;

Wherein Wireless Telecom Equipment can send first signal by predetermined binary sequence coding, and this first signal makes a plurality of marks to set up an accurate frequency reference signal by this predetermined binary sequence is implemented fast Walsh transform.

38. the Wireless Telecom Equipment in the claim 37, wherein predetermined binary sequence is pseudo noise (PN) sequence.

39. the Wireless Telecom Equipment in the claim 37, wherein Wireless Telecom Equipment comprises a crystal oscillator.

40. the Wireless Telecom Equipment in the claim 37, wherein Wireless Telecom Equipment receives the secondary signal by predetermined binary sequence coding, and Wireless Telecom Equipment adopts this predetermined binary sequence to implement fast Walsh transform.

41. the Wireless Telecom Equipment in the claim 37, wherein Wireless Telecom Equipment can send pricing information.

42. a method of implementing in wireless device, this method comprises:

Transmission is by first signal of the first predetermined binary sequence coding;

Reception is by the secondary signal of the second predetermined binary sequence coding;

Use secondary signal to produce numerical data; And

This numerical data is implemented fast Walsh transform.

43. the method in the claim 42, wherein the first predetermined binary sequence is pseudo noise (PN) sequence.

44. the method in the claim 42, wherein the second predetermined binary sequence is pseudo noise (PN) sequence.

45. the method in the claim 42 further is included in and implements to replace to digital data before the fast Walsh transform.

46. the method in the claim 42 further comprises the transmission pricing information.

47. the method in the claim 42 comprises further pricing information is sent to a mark that wherein this client who is labeled as in the retail shop shows pricing information.

48. a method is used for reducing the power consumption of Wireless Telecom Equipment, this method comprises:

In a chip period, first signal that generation will be used to receive in order to receiving data, and stops the generation of first signal after receiving data; And

In this chip period, generation will be used to send the secondary signal of data, and stop the generation of secondary signal after sending these data.

49. the method in the claim 48, the time quantum that wherein produces first and second signals is less than 75% of chip period.

50. the method in the claim 48, the time quantum that wherein produces first and second signals is lower than 50% of chip period.

51. the method in the claim 48, the time quantum that wherein produces first and second signals is lower than 25% of chip period.

52. the method in the claim 48 wherein produces first and second signals by identical oscillator.

53. the method in the claim 48 wherein produces first and second signals by first and second oscillators respectively.

54. a method is used for keeping an accurate frequency reference signal at Wireless Telecom Equipment, this method comprises:

The acquisition beacon signal, this beacon signal is by a binary sequence coding and be used to produce in Wireless Telecom Equipment an accurate frequency reference signal; And

After the localizer beacon signal, follow the tracks of this binary sequence, in Wireless Telecom Equipment, keep described accurate frequency reference signal thus.

55. the method for claim 54 wherein uses fast Walsh transform to implement search step at least in part.

56. the method in the claim 54 is wherein implemented to follow the tracks of by a plurality of correlators at least in part.

57. a method is used for sequencing is carried out in a plurality of taps of the used RAKE filter of Wireless Telecom Equipment:

Receive one by the binary sequence encoded signals;

Produce numerical data from this signal;

This numerical data is implemented fast Walsh transform; And

Adopt the result of fast Walsh transform that sequencing is carried out in the tap of RAKE filter.

58. the method in the claim 57, wherein binary sequence is pseudo noise (PN) sequence.

59. the method in the claim 57 further is included in and implements to replace to digital data before the fast Walsh transform.