CN1981079A - 吸声次级无纺地毯底布 - Google Patents

吸声次级无纺地毯底布 Download PDF

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CN1981079A
CN1981079A CNA2005800097468A CN200580009746A CN1981079A CN 1981079 A CN1981079 A CN 1981079A CN A2005800097468 A CNA2005800097468 A CN A2005800097468A CN 200580009746 A CN200580009746 A CN 200580009746A CN 1981079 A CN1981079 A CN 1981079A
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fabric
sound absorbing
carpet backing
supporting course
scope
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赫伯特·P·哈特格罗夫
拉塞尔·廷德尔
尼克·M·卡特
辛西娅道森·迈克诺尔
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PARRIMOE GROUP CO Ltd
Avintiv Specialty Materials Inc
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PARRIMOE GROUP CO Ltd
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    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32BLAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B5/00Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts
    • B32B5/22Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by the presence of two or more layers which are next to each other and are fibrous, filamentary, formed of particles or foamed
    • B32B5/24Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by the presence of two or more layers which are next to each other and are fibrous, filamentary, formed of particles or foamed one layer being a fibrous or filamentary layer
    • B32B5/26Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by the presence of two or more layers which are next to each other and are fibrous, filamentary, formed of particles or foamed one layer being a fibrous or filamentary layer another layer next to it also being fibrous or filamentary
    • DTEXTILES; PAPER
    • D04BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
    • D04HMAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
    • D04H1/00Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres
    • D04H1/40Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties
    • D04H1/44Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties the fleeces or layers being consolidated by mechanical means, e.g. by rolling
    • D04H1/46Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties the fleeces or layers being consolidated by mechanical means, e.g. by rolling by needling or like operations to cause entanglement of fibres
    • D04H1/492Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties the fleeces or layers being consolidated by mechanical means, e.g. by rolling by needling or like operations to cause entanglement of fibres by fluid jet
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32BLAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B5/00Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts
    • B32B5/02Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by structural features of a fibrous or filamentary layer
    • B32B5/022Non-woven fabric
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32BLAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B5/00Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts
    • B32B5/02Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by structural features of a fibrous or filamentary layer
    • B32B5/06Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by structural features of a fibrous or filamentary layer characterised by a fibrous or filamentary layer mechanically connected, e.g. by needling to another layer, e.g. of fibres, of paper
    • DTEXTILES; PAPER
    • D04BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
    • D04HMAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
    • D04H1/00Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres
    • D04H1/40Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties
    • D04H1/42Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties characterised by the use of certain kinds of fibres insofar as this use has no preponderant influence on the consolidation of the fleece
    • D04H1/4374Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties characterised by the use of certain kinds of fibres insofar as this use has no preponderant influence on the consolidation of the fleece using different kinds of webs, e.g. by layering webs
    • DTEXTILES; PAPER
    • D04BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
    • D04HMAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
    • D04H1/00Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres
    • D04H1/40Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties
    • D04H1/44Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties the fleeces or layers being consolidated by mechanical means, e.g. by rolling
    • D04H1/46Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties the fleeces or layers being consolidated by mechanical means, e.g. by rolling by needling or like operations to cause entanglement of fibres
    • D04H1/498Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties the fleeces or layers being consolidated by mechanical means, e.g. by rolling by needling or like operations to cause entanglement of fibres entanglement of layered webs
    • DTEXTILES; PAPER
    • D04BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
    • D04HMAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
    • D04H3/00Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of yarns or like filamentary material of substantial length
    • D04H3/08Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of yarns or like filamentary material of substantial length characterised by the method of strengthening or consolidating
    • D04H3/10Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of yarns or like filamentary material of substantial length characterised by the method of strengthening or consolidating with bonds between yarns or filaments made mechanically
    • D04H3/11Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of yarns or like filamentary material of substantial length characterised by the method of strengthening or consolidating with bonds between yarns or filaments made mechanically by fluid jet
    • DTEXTILES; PAPER
    • D04BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
    • D04HMAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
    • D04H5/00Non woven fabrics formed of mixtures of relatively short fibres and yarns or like filamentary material of substantial length
    • D04H5/02Non woven fabrics formed of mixtures of relatively short fibres and yarns or like filamentary material of substantial length strengthened or consolidated by mechanical methods, e.g. needling
    • D04H5/03Non woven fabrics formed of mixtures of relatively short fibres and yarns or like filamentary material of substantial length strengthened or consolidated by mechanical methods, e.g. needling by fluid jet
    • DTEXTILES; PAPER
    • D06TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D06NWALL, FLOOR, OR LIKE COVERING MATERIALS, e.g. LINOLEUM, OILCLOTH, ARTIFICIAL LEATHER, ROOFING FELT, CONSISTING OF A FIBROUS WEB COATED WITH A LAYER OF MACROMOLECULAR MATERIAL; FLEXIBLE SHEET MATERIAL NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D06N7/00Flexible sheet materials not otherwise provided for, e.g. textile threads, filaments, yarns or tow, glued on macromolecular material
    • D06N7/0063Floor covering on textile basis comprising a fibrous top layer being coated at the back with at least one polymer layer, e.g. carpets, rugs, synthetic turf
    • D06N7/0071Floor covering on textile basis comprising a fibrous top layer being coated at the back with at least one polymer layer, e.g. carpets, rugs, synthetic turf characterised by their backing, e.g. pre-coat, back coating, secondary backing, cushion backing
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32BLAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2307/00Properties of the layers or laminate
    • B32B2307/10Properties of the layers or laminate having particular acoustical properties
    • B32B2307/102Insulating
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32BLAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2471/00Floor coverings
    • B32B2471/02Carpets
    • DTEXTILES; PAPER
    • D06TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D06NWALL, FLOOR, OR LIKE COVERING MATERIALS, e.g. LINOLEUM, OILCLOTH, ARTIFICIAL LEATHER, ROOFING FELT, CONSISTING OF A FIBROUS WEB COATED WITH A LAYER OF MACROMOLECULAR MATERIAL; FLEXIBLE SHEET MATERIAL NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D06N2209/00Properties of the materials
    • D06N2209/02Properties of the materials having acoustical properties
    • D06N2209/025Insulating, sound absorber

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Textile Engineering (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Nonwoven Fabrics (AREA)
  • Carpets (AREA)

Abstract

本发明涉及制造吸声次级地毯底布的方法,特别地讲,涉及一种制造无纺布的方法,所述无纺布具有耐用的三维图像且可用于次级地毯底布系统中,以在正常使用(行走)下降低变形,增大声吸收和提高对次级地毯底布系统应用场合的覆盖量。

Description

吸声次级无纺地毯底布
本申请对2004年2月4日提交的临时申请No.60/541742提出优先权要求,其公开物结合在此作为参考。
技术领域
本发明总体上涉及制造吸声次级地毯底布(secondary carpetbacking)的方法,特别地讲,涉及一种制造无纺布的方法,所述无纺布具有耐用的三维图像且可用于次级地毯底布系统中,以在正常使用(行走)下降低变形,增大声吸收和提高提供给次级地毯底布系统应用场合的覆盖量。
背景技术
传统纺织物的生产众所周知是一个非常复杂而需要多个步骤的过程。由短纤维生产布首先需要梳理,在这种情况下,纤维打开且对正成在现有技术中称为“梳条”的供料。然后,在拉伸机上将多股梳条拉伸多次;进一步对正纤维、混合、提高均匀性以及降低梳条的直径。随后,拉伸后的梳条供给三道粗纺机,以通过进一步降低梳条的直径和施加轻微假捻来产生粗纱。再后,粗纱供给到纺纱机中,在此,其被纺成纱线。所述纱线接着放置在卷取机上,在此,它们变换为较大的筒子纱。所述纱线随后准备用于产生布。
对于纺织布来说,纱线被指定专门用作经纱或纬纱。纬纱(在y轴上延伸,称作纬线)直接送到织布机纺织。经纱(在x轴上延伸,称作经线)必须要进一步处理。大的筒子纱放置在整经机机架上,然后卷绕在彼此平行对正的分段整经轴上。分段整经轴然后供给到浆纱机中,在此,对纱线的尺寸进行限定,以使它们更为刚硬和更为耐磨,所述纱线需要经过纺织处理。纱线在它们退出浆纱机时卷绕在织布机经轴上,然后所述织布机经轴安装在织布机的后面。所述经纱穿过所述织布机的针,所述针当所述纬纱以隔行的形式垂直交错布置时会升起和降低单个纱线,从而,可将纱线纺成布。一旦布已纺成,必须通过冲洗工序,以在其烘干或完成之前将胶料从经纱上去除。目前,市场上出售的高速织布机以1000-1500根纬纱/分钟的速度操作,在布的整个宽度上纬线是纬纱嵌入物。被单和床单用布每英寸上的经线和纬线数通常分别为80×80至200×200。纺织速度由纬纱交织在经纱中的快慢决定,因此,产生床单用布的织布机通常能够达到5英寸-18.75英寸/分钟的制造速度。
比较而言,由短纤维制造无纺布众所周知比传统纺织工艺更为高效,这是由于无纺布可直接从梳理工序制造而成。
无纺布适用于宽范围内的多种应用场合,无纺布制造的高效率可提供比传统纺织物显著的经济优点。然而,在遇到横向和共线应力的应用场合,与传统纺织物相比,无纺布的性能特别是在抗伸长性方面通常会具有缺点。通过形成复杂的组合结构,已开发出了性能得到很大提高的水力编织布,以使布的完整性到达需要的水平。在编织之后,通过应用粘结物和/或通过编织纤维基体的热稳定,布的耐用性可得到进一步提高。
通过嵌入支承层或稀松织品(scrim),无纺组合结构通常可提高物理性能,例如伸长率。所述支承层材料可包括一组聚合物,例如聚烯烃、聚氨酯、聚亚安酯、聚酰胺和它们的组合,并且可采用膜、纤维片或格状网孔的形式。金属滤网、玻璃纤维和植物纤维也可用作支承层。所述支承层通常通过机械或化学方法嵌入,以增强组合无纺布。也称作“稀松织品”材料的增强层详细描述于美国专利No.4636419中,其结合在此作为参考。本领域普通技术人员公知稀松织品材料特别是纺粘稀松织品材料的使用。
纺粘材料包括连续细丝,所述连续细丝通常由热塑性树脂通过喷丝头组件挤出形成,从而可形成多个连续热塑性细丝。然后所述细丝被硬化、拉伸和聚集而形成无纺织物(web)。纺粘材料具有相对较高的抗伸长性,并且可很好地充当加强层或稀松织品。结合在此作为参考的Evans等人的美国专利No.3485706公开了一种借助于水力编织使初始不规则短纤维毛毡机械连接的连续细丝织物,然后第二不规则短纤维毛毡再通过水力编织连接在所述连续细丝织物上。连续细丝织物也可用在美国专利No.5144729、No.5187005和No.4190695中。这些专利包含连续细丝织物,其用作加强目的或用于降低组合物的伸长性能。
最近,已开发出了水力编织技术,它们通过在三维图像转印装置上施加水力编织作用向编织无纺布施加图像或图案。这种三维图像转印装置公开于结合在此作为参考的美国专利No.5098764中;在使用这种图像转印装置的情况下,可期望提供物理性能和功能尺寸均大大提高的无纺布。
印有三维图像的无纺布同时具有特殊物理特性,从而在地毯底布应用场合中非常有利。而且,用于工业应用场合的印有三维图像的无纺布要求能够充分地抗伸长,以在无纺布变换成最终使用物品和用于最后应用场合时阻止图像发生变形。
在此以前,无纺布已有利地用于制造次级地毯底布。一般而言,用于这种类型的应用场合的无纺布由有时称作“针刺制毡(needle-felting)”的机械刺针编织和形成整体,从而,带有倒刺的针重复插入和拔出纤维织物结构。尽管这种类型的处理可使所述纤维结构成为一个整体而具有整体性,但带有倒刺的针会不可避免地剪断大量的组成纤维,并且会不良地在纤维结构中产生穿孔,从而,会降低地毯底布的完整性和阻碍正确覆盖。刺针还会伤及最终合成的无纺布的强度,并且要求合适的无纺布必须具有较高的基本重量,以便具有足够大的强度满足次级地毯底布应用场合。
尽管现有技术中曾有人做出各种尝试开发用于地毯系统的吸声次级地毯底布,但仍迫切需要这样的无纺布,即其可提供清晰的图像以增强在正常磨损例如行走下抵抗变形的能力。
发明内容
本发明涉及制造吸声次级地毯底布的方法,特别地讲,涉及一种制造无纺布的方法,所述无纺布具有耐用的三维图像且可用于次级地毯底布系统中,以在正常使用(行走)下降低变形,增大声吸收和提高提供给次级地毯底布系统应用场合的覆盖量。
特别地,本发明设想,吸声次级地毯底布由包括纺粘和/或排绕稀松织品(cast scrim)的母体织物形成,当母体织物在成像表面上经受水力编织时,可实现改善的制品。通过以这种方式形成,所述母体织物的水力编织会使无纺布具有更为清晰的三维图像;所述图像耐磨和耐扭曲,从而,可产生一种也可通过吸声降低噪声量的适合于次级地毯底布的无纺布。
根据本发明,制造体现本发明的无纺布的方法包含提供包括纤维基体的母体织物的步骤。尽管通常使用短纤维,但所述纤维基体也可包括大致连续的细丝。在特别优选的形式中,所述纤维基体包括短纤维,所述短纤维经过梳理和交叉搭接以形成母体织物。在本发明的一个实施例中,在连续细丝和/或排绕稀松织品并置和随后的三维成像之前,所述母体织物在多孔(foraminous)形成表面上经受预编织。作为一种替代性方法,一层或多层纤维基体与一个或多个连续细丝和/或排绕稀松织品并置,然后对分层结构进行预编织,以形成母体织物,所述母体织物被直接成像或在成像之前接受另外的纤维、细丝、支承层或稀松织品层。
本方法还设想提供一种具有可移动成像表面的三维图像转印装置。在典型的结构中,所示图像转印装置可包括鼓状装置,其可相对于一个或多个编织歧管转动。
所述母体织物行进到所述图像转印装置的成像表面上。对所述母体织物进行水力编织,以形成印有三维图像的无纺布。显著地,至少一个连续细丝或排绕稀松织品的嵌入会使无纺布的张力集中它们上,从而,可改进短纤维层的成像,并且可产生更清晰的三维图像。
在水力编织之后,印有三维图像的无纺布可经受一种或多种后编织处理。这种处理可包含聚合粘结物的应用、机械紧压、添加剂或静电物质的应用以及类似处理。
本发明的另一方面涉及一种形成耐用无纺布的方法,所述无纺布具有清晰和可回弹的三纬特性,同时可提供必要的抗扭曲的能力,以便用于广泛的工业应用场合。所述无纺布具有高的纤维保持性,从而,其可用于这些应用场合,即无纺布在地毯底布系统中用作次级地毯底布。而且,所述稀松织品有助于防止印制的图像在常规处理和使用的过程中当有张力施加给组合无纺布时发生扭曲。
制造所述耐用无纺布的方法包括提供母体织物的步骤,所述母体织物经受水力编织。所述母体织物通过在三维图像转印装置上进行水力编织而形成印有三维图像的无纺布。所述图像转印装置限定有在水力编织过程中抵靠着所述母体织物的三维元件,在这种情况下,所述织物的纤维组分通过移动到所述图像转印装置的所述三维元件与表面不平部之间的区域而被成像。
在所述优选形式中,在成像表面上进行水力编织之前,在多孔表面上对所述母体织物进行水力编织。所述母体织物的所述预编织可使所述织物的纤维组分成为一个整体,但不施加可通过使用三维图像转印装置实现的三维图像。
可选择地,在三维成像之后,印有图像的无纺布可使用性能或美学改性物质处理,以进一步改变无纺布的结构或满足最终使用物品的要求。可选择聚合粘结物提高无纺布的耐用性,或者可使用抗菌添加剂阻止菌类和霉菌的生长。
本发明的无纺布用作次级地毯底布,并且具有吸声性能,所述吸声性能的测试是根据ASTM E1050测试垂直入射声吸收和垂直入射传输损耗实现的。测试结果列于表1和2。
通过下面所作的详细描述、附图以及权利要求书,本发明的其他特征和优点可很非常地变得显而易见。
附图说明
图1是体现了本发明的原理的耐用无纺布的制造装置的简图。
具体实施方式
尽管本发明可采用各种形式的实施例,但在附图中示出和将在下面描述的是本发明的一种目前优选的实施例,可以理解,本公开物应看作是本发明的一个示例说明,不应将本发明限制为所示的具体实施例。
本发明涉及一种适合于用作地毯底布系统的吸声次级地毯底布的印有耐用三维图像的无纺布的形成方法,其中,所述无纺布的三维成像可通过嵌入至少一个连续细丝支承层和/或排绕稀松织品得到增强。增强成像可使用不同的技术实现,存在这样一种技术,即如Putnam等人于2002年12月28日提交的未经审查的名称为“Nonwoven Fabrics Having a Durable Three-DimensionalImage”的美国专利申请No.60/344259中所述,当织物行进到图像转印装置的可移动成像表面上时,使总母体织物中的张力最小化和消除,其中,美国专利申请No.60/344259结合在此作为参考。通过使用连续的细丝支承层或稀松织品、排绕稀松织品或它们的组合,可增强纤维编织,同时,可使最终合成的无纺布的美学和机械两方面的物理性能均得到期望提高。有理由相信,当母体织物行进到所述图像转印装置上时,所述母体织物中的由所述支承层或稀松织品提供的内部支承作用可有利地将张力集中在所述支承层或稀松织品。在没有张力的情况下,形成所述母体织物的所述纤维基体的纤维或细丝可在水力编织的过程中较容易地移动和移位,从而可改进所述图像转印装置的三维成像。从而可实现更为清楚形成且耐用的图像。
参看图1,图中示出了一种用于实施用于形成无纺布的本方法的装置。所述无纺布由纤维基体形成,所述纤维基体通常包括短纤维,但也可包括大致连续的细丝。所述纤维基体优选经过梳理和交叉搭接而形成以附图标记F表示的纤维毛毡。在本实施例中,纤维毛毡包括100%的交叉搭接纤维,换言之,所述织物的所有纤维均通过交叉搭接梳理纤维形成,以使纤维以与最终合成的织物的机械方向成一个角度指向。结合在此作为参考的美国专利No.5475903描述了一种织物牵引装置。
然后,连续的细丝支承层或稀松织品、排绕稀松织品或它们的组合与所述纤维织物面对面并置放置,并经水力编织而形成母体织物P。作为一种替代性方法,所述纤维织物可首先经水力编织而形成母体织物P,然后,向所述母体织物施加至少一个支承层或稀松织品,且组合结构还可选择性地与非成像液压歧管编织,然后在成像表面上施加三维图像。
图1还示出了一种根据本发明的用于形成无纺布的水力编织装置。所述装置包含呈带式的多孔形成表面10,母体织物P定位在所述带上以通过编织歧管12预编织。随后,在三维成像之前,母体织物P继续移动通过具有多孔形成表面的鼓14,在编织歧管16的编织作用下进一步实现所述母体织物的预编织。所述母体织物进一步的编织通过编织歧管20在鼓18的多孔形成表面上实现,随后,所述母体织物相继通过连续的多孔鼓22,以由编织歧管24’、24’进行连续的编织处理。
图1的所述编织装置包含三维成像鼓24,所述成像鼓包括用于在当前编织的母体织物上成像的三维图像转印装置。所述图像转印装置包含可相对于多个编织歧管26移动的可移动的成像表面,所述编织歧管26与由所述图像转印装置的成像表面限定的三维元件协作,以在正在形成的无纺布上成像和产生图案。
本发明认为,所述支承层或稀松织品可为任何合适的连续细丝无纺材料、排绕稀松织品或它们的组合,这包含但不限于具有低的伸长性能的纺粘布、纺粘-熔喷层压物(meltblown laminate)或纺粘-纺粘层压物。所述支承层或稀松织品的特别优选的实施例是热塑性纺粘无纺布。所述支承层可以随后连续供给以形成所述母体织物的卷筒形式保持和/或由位于三维成像鼓24之前的直接纺纱束提供。
体现本发明的原理的耐用无纺次级地毯底布的制造以提供纤维基体开始,这可包含使用短纤维、连续细丝以及具有相同或不同成分的纤维和/或细丝的混合物。纤维和/或细丝选自均质或混合纤维长度的天然或合成物。合适的天然纤维包含但不限于棉线、木浆和粘胶法人造丝。可全部或部分混合而成的合成纤维包含热塑性和热固性聚合物。适合于与分散热塑性树脂混合的热塑性聚合物包含聚烯烃、聚酰胺和聚酯。热塑性聚合物还可选自均聚物、共聚物、共轭物以及包括这些内嵌有熔融的添加剂或表面活性剂的热塑性聚合物的其他衍生物。纤维长度可在0.25英寸至10英寸的范围内选择,优选在1至3英寸的范围内选择,纤维纤度在1至22但尼尔的范围内选择,一般应用场合优选在1.2至6但尼尔的纤度范围内选择。纤维和/或细丝的形状不会限制本发明的实用性。
实例
对比例1
在使用图1中所示的形成装置的情况下,通过提供包括重量百分比为100%的聚丙烯纤维的母体织物制造无纺布。所述母体织物具有3盎司/平方码(±7%)的基本重量。所述母体织物被100%的梳理和交叉搭接,且具有2.5∶1的牵引比。
在所述母体织物的三维成像之前,所述母体织物由例如图1中图示的一系列编织歧管编织。图1示出了母体织物P在呈带式的多孔形成表面10上的布置,此时所述母体织物由编织歧管12作用。然后,所述母体织物继续通过具有多孔形成表面的鼓14,以由编织歧管16编织,随后所述母体织物环绕着鼓18的多孔形成表面,以由编织歧管20编织。然后,所述母体织物通过相继的多孔鼓22,同时会相继由编织歧管24’、24’编织处理。在本实例中,每个所述编织歧管均包含120个以每英寸42.3的方式间隔开的微孔,并且所述歧管相继在100、300、700和1300磅/平方英寸的条件下以45码/分钟的线速度操作。采用宽度为72英寸的母体织物。
图1的所述编织装置还包含三维成像鼓24,所述成像鼓24包括用于在现编织的母体织物上成像和产生图案的三维图像转印装置。所述编织装置包含多个编织歧管26,它们与鼓24的三维图像转印装置协作,以在无纺布上产生图案。在本实例中,成像歧管26相继在2800、2800和2800磅/平方英寸的条件下以与预编织过程中使用的线速度相同的线速度操作。
实例1
印有三维图像的无纺布通过对比例1中所述的工序制造,其中,在替代性的方法中,根据本发明,1.5盎司/平方码的较轻的聚酯短纤维织物与近似2.0但尼尔的1.5盎司的聚酯纺粘织物并置。随后,所述短纤维织物/纺粘织物的分层基体承受与对比例1中所述相同的液压。
根据本发明制造的印有图像的无纺布具有较好的三维图像清晰度,并且比施加给没有支承层或稀松织品的相同的基本重量材料的图像更为清晰。印有图像的无纺布例如实例1具有显著降低的伸长性能,从而,可在机械处理或使用的过程中提高图像保持性。
本发明的材料可用作吸声次级地毯底布,并且可用作包括浮动层压地板系统在内的各种地板系统的底布材料,而且还可用于可采用印有三维图像的无纺布的其他最终使用产品。根据ASTME1050,通过测试垂直入射声吸收和垂直入射传输损耗来测试次级地毯底布的吸声性能。在63Hz-200Hz、250Hz-1000Hz和1250Hz-4000Hz的1/3倍频程中心频率的范围下,次级地毯底布优选分别具有0.02dB-0.06dB、0.07dB-0.19dB、0.25dB-0.72dB的声吸收范围。此外,在125Hz-400Hz、500Hz-1250Hz和1600Hz-4000Hz的1/3倍频程中心频率的范围下,次级地毯底布优选分别具有7.3dB-8.8dB、9.3dB-10.7dB和14.0dB-17.5dB的垂直入射传输损耗(NI-TL)值。测试结果列于表1和2中。
而且,将本发明的所述无纺次级地毯底布与纺织聚丙烯次级地毯底布进行了对比测试。结果表明,纺织基板的降噪系数(NRC)为0.17dB,无纺基板的NRC为0.21dB,这比纺织基板近似提高了20%。还对纺织基板的传声等级(STC)进行了测试,其接收的值为7,而本发明的无纺基板接收的值为13。证明了,当在同等重量的地毯之下测试时,所述无纺次级地毯底布比纺织地毯底布有近似50%的提高。
其他最终用途包含:制作在声墙系统中;汽车应用场合;可非常容易手持清洁的湿或干的硬表面抹布和类似物;工业使用的保护套,例如长袍或罩衫、衬衫、底部重物、实验室工作服、面罩和类似物;以及保护罩,包括交通工具例如汽车、卡车、轮船、飞机、摩托车、自行车、高尔夫车的保护罩和经常置于户外的设备例如烤架、诸如割草机和旋耕机之类的庭院和花园设备、草场设备的保护罩和地板覆盖物、桌布和野餐区保护罩。
从以上所述可以看出,可在不脱离本发明的新颖概念的真实精神和范围的情况下进行多种修改和变化。可以理解,没有或不应认为对在此所示的特定实施例有任何的限制。所述公开物通过权利要求书应覆盖在权利要求书的范围内所作的所有修改。
表1
    垂直入射声吸收
    1/3倍频程(Hz)     吸收
    63     0.02
    80     0.04
    100     0.04
    125     0.05
    160     0.05
    200     0.06
    250     0.07
    315     0.08
    400     0.09
    500     0.10
    630     0.12
    800     0.14
    1000     0.19
    1250     0.25
    1600     0.32
    2000     0.43
    2500     0.56
    3150     0.70
    4000     0.72
表2
    垂直入射传输损耗
    1/3倍频程(Hz)   NI-TL(dB)
    125     7.3
    160     7.7
    200     8.0
    250     8.2
    315     8.4
    400     8.8
    500     9.3
    630     9.9
    800     10.8
    1000     11.1
    1250     10.7
    1600     14.0
    2000     19.5
    2500     22.3
    3150     19.4
    4000     17.5

Claims (9)

1.一种制造吸声次级地毯底布的方法,包括以下步骤:
提供纤维基体;
提供支承层;
提供多孔表面;
将所述纤维基体和所述支承层并列放置,并施加水能,以将所述纤维基体和所述支承层编织成母体织物;以及
在所述多孔表面上水力编织所述母体织物,以形成印有三维图像的无纺布;
其中,所述地毯底布在125Hz-400Hz、500Hz-1250Hz和1600Hz-4000Hz的1/3倍频程中心频率的范围下分别具有值为7.3dB-8.8dB、9.3dB-10.7dB和14.0dB-17.5dB的垂直入射传输损耗(NI-TL),并且在63Hz-200Hz、250Hz-1000Hz和1250Hz-4000Hz的1/3倍频程中心频率的范围下分别具有0.02dB-0.06dB、0.07dB-0.19dB和0.25dB-0.72dB的垂直入射声吸收范围(NI-TL)。
2.一种吸声次级无纺地毯底布,包括:纤维基体;以及支承层,所述支承层包括被在多孔表面上水力编织的连续细丝层,以将至少一个三维图像施加在所述无纺地毯底布中,其中,所述地毯底布在125Hz-400Hz、500Hz-1250Hz和1600Hz-4000Hz的1/3倍频程中心频率的范围下分别具有值为7.3dB-8.8dB、9.3dB-10.7dB和14.0dB-17.5dB的垂直入射传输损耗(NI-TL),并且在63Hz-200Hz、250Hz-1000Hz和1250Hz-4000Hz的1/3倍频程中心频率的范围下分别具有0.02dB-0.06dB、0.07dB-0.19dB和0.25dB-0.72dB的垂直入射声吸收范围。
3.一种吸声次级无纺地毯底布,包括:纤维基体;以及支承层,所述支承层包括被在多孔表面上水力编织的排绕稀松织品,以将至少一个三维图像施加在所述无纺地毯底布中,其中,所述地毯底布在125Hz-400Hz、500Hz-1250Hz和1600Hz-4000Hz的1/3倍频程中心频率的范围下分别具有值为7.3dB-8.8dB、9.3dB-10.7dB和14.0dB-17.5dB的垂直入射传输损耗(NI-TL),并且在63Hz-200Hz、250Hz-1000Hz和1250Hz-4000Hz的1/3倍频程中心频率的范围下分别具有0.02dB-0.06dB、0.07dB-0.19dB和0.25dB-0.72dB的垂直入射声吸收范围。
4.如权利要求1所述的吸声次级无纺地毯底布,其特征在于,所述多孔表面是三维图像转印装置。
5.如权利要求1所述的吸声次级无纺地毯底布,其特征在于,所述纤维基体包括短纤维。
6.如权利要求1所述的吸声次级无纺地毯底布,其特征在于,所述纤维基体包括大致连续的细丝。
7.如权利要求1所述的吸声次级无纺地毯底布,其特征在于,所述纤维基体被梳理和交叉搭接。
8.如权利要求1所述的吸声次级无纺地毯底布,其特征在于,所述支承层是纺粘布。
9.如权利要求1所述的吸声次级无纺地毯底布,其特征在于,所述支承层是纺粘布和排绕稀松织品层压物。
CNA2005800097468A 2004-02-04 2005-02-03 吸声次级无纺地毯底布 Pending CN1981079A (zh)

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US20050188514A1 (en) 2005-09-01
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CA2555266A1 (en) 2005-08-25
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