CN1979057A - Simple method and device for realizing single-direction tracing sun - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a simple method to trace the alteration of sun angle. It adopts a kind of reflecting grid plate and sets receiving device at the center of the circle. Only moving receiving device along the reverse direction of the alteration of sun angle or moving reflecting device along the same direction of the alteration of sun angle, the reflecting flux is almost same, and a certain condense scale factor on the alteration direction of sun angle would be gained. The invention could realize tracing the alteration of sun angle on single direction, and could be automatic or manual.

Description

A kind of straightforward procedure and device of realizing single-direction tracing sun

Technical field

Often need follow the tracks of in the solar energy utilization, to improve the utilization ratio of solar energy the sun.The present invention relates to straightforward procedure and device that a kind of single-direction tracing sun angle changes, belong to technical field of solar utilization technique.

Background technology

At present, solar energy becomes the leading role of energy field just gradually as a kind of regenerative resource, and it also is one of hot issue of research that tracking collection, the daylighting of solar energy is utilized technology always.

The method of solar tracking mainly contains two kinds of omnidirectional tracking and single-direction tracings, and omnidirectional tracking is that the longitude and latitude angle that the sun changes is followed the tracks of, and single-direction tracing is meant to be followed the tracks of the variation of one of them direction.The sun is the cycle with the sky in the variation of longitudinal, changes about 180 ° every day; And the variation on latitude is the cycle with the year, changes ± 23.45 ° in 1 year.Both periods of change and amplitude difference are very big, therefore, sometimes only need carry out single-direction tracing to the sun.

The patent that sun angle is followed the tracks of also has a lot, but mainly is omnidirectional tracking or is applicable to change frequency and angle that amplitude is all very big is followed the tracks of, and tracking measurement requires high, tracking complicated operation, the power that action need is bigger.The disclosed tracking of patent of the present invention is simple, is suitable for sun angle is carried out single-direction tracing, particularly the tracking that the latitude angle is changed; Tracking means is simple, can operate automatically, also can regularly be finished by manual.

Summary of the invention

To assembling the device of sunray, the angle that needs to follow the tracks of the sun changes.Patent of the present invention relates to the straightforward procedure that a kind of single-direction tracing sun angle changes.It is characterized in that: receiving device is installed near the center line of circular arc type reflecting plate; With parallel the moving of direction that receiving device changes in the opposite direction by sun angle, it is parallel mobile perhaps reflecting plate press the identical direction of sun angle change direction.In such a way, even sun angle changes, under the situation of the length that does not increase receiving device, the reflection flux that receiving device can receive is still constant substantially.Therefore, beam condensing unit just can be followed the tracks of sun angle variation in one direction.

As shown in Figure 1, when angle of sun rays changes, and when shining on the reflecting plate 1 with the ω angle, reflecting plate reflexes to the light of its acceptance on the receiving device 2, and the skew that produces on receiving device is Δ=L ^*TAN (ω).Wherein L is the vertical range of pip to receiving device.Obviously, shifted by delta is directly proportional with the distance of pip to receiving device with sun angle.If the cross section of reflecting plate (this patent middle finger and the perpendicular direction of required tracking sun angle change direction) is suitable substantially with the size of receiving device, even receiving device is identical with the longitudinal length of reflection unit, also only receiving device need be changed opposite direction to sun angle and move the Δ distance or reflection unit is moved the Δ distance by the identical direction of sun angle variation, reflection ray just can all be accepted device and accept.Promptly can follow the tracks of the angle variation of a direction of the sun with the way of translation receiving device or reflection unit.

When adopting grid plate structure, the center line of the cross section of each screen can be arranged on the same circular arc, and receiving device is installed near the center of circle of this circular arc, as long as the cross sectional dimensions of each screen and the size of receiving device differ not too big, then no matter whether screen rotates, and each point is also basic identical to the distance of receiving device on each reflecting plate cross section.Therefore, also can follow the tracks of the angle variation of a direction of the sun with the way of translation receiving device or reflection unit.Corresponding screen cross section can be the plane, circle or other light-focusing type curve.

Circular curved surface is adopted in the longitudinal section of reflecting plate shown in Figure 2.When vertical light entered, reflecting plate vertically can have certain concentration ratio.But when the sun has certain inclination angle ω, the light of any point reflection will drop on the respective point on the receiving device on the reflecting plate, and this skew to the speculum line of symmetry is:

Δ＝(H-R+R?cosθ) ^*tan(ω+2θ)-Rsinθ (1)

Wherein: θ---span is [α ,+α];

ω---sun angle changing value.When being used to follow the tracks of latitudinal variation, its excursion is [90 ° ,+90 °], and when being used to follow the tracks of the variation of longitudinal, its excursion is [23.45 ° ,+23.45 °].

When θ=0, then (1) formula becomes:

Δ＝H*tanω (2)

Be the speculum symmetric points the skew of symmetrical receiving station.

We can prove that (1) o'clock has minimum of a value in θ=0, and are dull increasing in [0 ,+α] scope, are dull decline in [α, 0] scope, promptly maximum occur in+α or-the α place.Corresponding extreme value is:

Δ ₁＝(H-R+R?cosα)*tan(ω+2α)-Rsinα (3)

Δ ₂＝(H-R+R?cosα)*tan(ω-2α)+Rsinα (4)

And the bandwidth of accepting of this moment is:

|Δ ₁-Δ ₂|＝|(H-R+R?Cosα)*[tan(ω+2α)-tan(ω-2α)]-2Rsinα|

(5)

If:

Y＝(H-R+R?Cosα)*[tan(ω+2α)-tan(ω-2α)]-2Rsinα(6)

Obviously, Y| _ω=Y| _-ω, promptly the Y function is the symmetric function of ω; And minimum of a value is arranged at ω=0 place:

Y _MIN＝Y| _ω＝0＝2(H-R+R?Cosα)*tan(2α)-2Rsinα (7)

And | ω | when maximum, maximum Y is arranged _MAX

If after guaranteeing the receiving device translation, reflection ray still can all be accepted, then the length L of receiving device should be:

L＝MAX(|Y _MAX|，|Y _MIN|) (8)

Under the situation of optically focused, if the battery performance permission should be adopted as far as possible little receiving device.To (8) formula, just can obtain:

Y _MAX＝-Y _MIN (9)

With (6) and (7) formula substitution, can get:

$H=\frac{4\mathrm{R\; Sin\α}}{\mathrm{Tan}(\mathrm{\ω}+2\mathrm{\α})-\mathrm{Tan}(\mathrm{\ω}-2\mathrm{\α})+2\mathrm{Tan}\left(2\mathrm{\α}\right)}+R-R\sin \mathrm{\α}---\left(10\right)$

Obviously, H o'clock has maximum in ω=0, and maximum is:

$H_{\mathrm{MAX}}=\frac{\mathrm{R\; Cos}\left(2\mathrm{\α}\right)}{2\mathrm{Cos\α}}---\left(11\right)$

Be that H should be a value less than half (R/2) of mirror curvature radius, its concrete computing formula is formula (10).With (10) formula substitution (7) formula, the minimum bandwidth that can get receiving device is:

$\left|Y_{\mathrm{MIN}}\right|=\frac{\mathrm{Tan}(\mathrm{\ω}+2\mathrm{\α})-\mathrm{Tan}(\mathrm{\ω}-2\mathrm{\α})-2\mathrm{Tan}\left(2\mathrm{\α}\right)}{\mathrm{Tan}(\mathrm{\ω}+2\mathrm{\α})-\mathrm{Tan}(\mathrm{\ω}-2\mathrm{\α})+2\mathrm{Tan}\left(2\mathrm{\α}\right)}*2\mathrm{R\; Sin\α}$

$=\frac{2\mathrm{R\; Sin\α}{\mathrm{SIN}}^2\mathrm{\ω}}{2\mathrm{Cos}2\left(2\mathrm{\α}\right)-{\mathrm{Sin}}^2\mathrm{\ω}}---\left(12\right)$

When adopting this height, available unidirectional optically focused multiplying power is:

When following the tracks of the longitudinal solar angle and change, ω=23.45 °, unidirectional optically focused multiplying power is 12.6COS ²(2 α)-1.Because α is generally very little, actual available unidirectional optically focused multiplying power is about about 10 times.Obviously, when being used to follow the tracks of latitude direction solar angle and changing, because ω is near 90 °, unidirectional optically focused multiplying power is about 1, therefore, does not just have practical significance.

As above analyze, change, in cross section, receiving device should be arranged near the center of circle of circular arc for guaranteeing the parallel mobile sun angle of following the tracks of; And on the other hand, in order to guarantee the needs of longitudinal light focusing, in the longitudinal section, receiving device should be arranged in half place less than subsequent corrosion.This is different with regard to the radius of curvature that requires cross section and longitudinal section.Therefore, reasonable treating method has two kinds:

1) adopt hyperboloid overall reflective plate, and the radius of curvature of the direction of longitudinal section is a bit larger tham the cross section radius of curvature more than one times.Can also be on the longitudinal section by a plurality of hyperboloid overall reflective plate recombinants.

2) adopt grid plate structure, the center line of each screen is arranged on the same circular arc, the radius of this circular arc is slightly smaller than half of reflecting plate longitudinal section radius of curvature.Adopt this kind structure, can also use spherical reflector, perhaps the combination of a plurality of spherical reflectors.

Description of drawings

Fig. 1 is a basic principle of the present invention longitudinal section direction schematic diagram

Fig. 2 is a basic principle cross-sectional direction schematic diagram of the present invention

Fig. 3 is that longitudinal section direction optically focused is analyzed schematic diagram

Fig. 4 is a plurality of arrangement of mirrors situation of a longitudinal section direction schematic diagram

Fig. 5, Fig. 6 be a kind of can be parallel mobile receiving device implement illustration

Among the figure, 1. reflecting plate, 2. receiving device, 3. screen center line place circular arc line

The specific embodiment

Accompanying drawing 5 and 6 is that of patent of the present invention implements illustration.14 reflection screens respectively by 8 radius of curvature be 5M, the spherical reflector that is of a size of 250 * 250MM forms.On cross section, the center line of each screen is arranged in a radius of curvature and is about on the circular arc of 2280MM, and the center line of vacuum receiving device 2 is arranged near this circular arc center of circle; Each screen is driven by the stepper motor that same source of synchronising signal drives, and the center line rotation that centers on separately changes with the angle of following the tracks of the solar longitude direction; Through optimal design, on cross section, can obtain about 70 times optically focused multiplying power.On the longitudinal section, 8 speculums on each screen form certain optically focused, and the speculum optically focused of the correspondence position of each screen is to same receiving device; 8 receiving devices be installed in one can parallel mobile slide rail 3 on; Slide rail is marked with the scale of the distance that regular needs move, the centre at the two ends of slide rail middle part and receiving device is separately installed with several assembly pulleys, two steel wire ropes are drawn from scrolling handle 13, by being fixed on the assembly pulley at slide rail middle part, connect with the assembly pulley 14 and 15 at receiving device two ends respectively, a small-sized worm-and-wheel gear is installed in the scrolling handle 13.When shaking handle 13, the rope traction receiving device moves; Scrolling direction difference, moving direction is also opposite: because the setting height(from bottom) of each receiving device is lower than radius of curvature half slightly, therefore on the longitudinal section, can obtain about 10 times optically focused multiplying power again, the optically focused multiplying power of whole device can reach about 700 times, and can be conveniently implemented in the tracking of longitude and latitude both direction.

Claims (7)

1. the method and apparatus that patent of the present invention provides a kind of single-direction tracing sun angle to change, it is characterized in that: receiving device is installed near the center of circle line of circular arc type reflecting plate; With parallel the moving of direction that receiving device changes in the opposite direction by sun angle, perhaps reflecting plate press that the identical direction of sun angle change direction is parallel to be moved, to follow the tracks of sun angle variation in one direction.

2. device as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that: the cross section of reflecting plate is the circular arc of an integral body.

3. device as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that: reflecting plate is a grid plate structure, and the cross-section center line of each reflecting plate is arranged on the same circular arc, and receiving device is arranged near the center of circle of this circular arc.

4. as claim 1 and 3 described devices, it is characterized in that: the cross section of reflection screen can be the plane, circular arc camber or other optically focused curved surface.

5. as claim 1 and 3 described devices, it is characterized in that: each reflects screen through driving synchronous rotation, changes to follow the tracks of sun angle.

6. as claim 1,3,4 and 5 described devices, it is characterized in that: the longitudinal section of reflecting plate is that the reflecting plate of a circular arc camber or a plurality of circular arc cambers combines, the height of receiving device is not more than R/2*COS (2 α)/COS α, promptly is lower than half of reflecting plate circular arc radius of curvature slightly.

7. as claim 1 and 2 described devices, it is characterized in that: reflecting plate is a hyperboloidal mirror or is combined by a plurality of hyperboloidal mirrors, the radius of curvature of its longitudinal section is twice many than the radius of curvature of cross section, thereby when receiving device was installed near the curvature circle-center of cross section, its height also was not more than R/2*COS (2 α)/COS α (R is the radius of curvature of longitudinal section) herein.