CN1977062A - Ferritic stainless steel alloy - Google Patents
Ferritic stainless steel alloy Download PDFInfo
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- CN1977062A CN1977062A CNA2005800219910A CN200580021991A CN1977062A CN 1977062 A CN1977062 A CN 1977062A CN A2005800219910 A CNA2005800219910 A CN A2005800219910A CN 200580021991 A CN200580021991 A CN 200580021991A CN 1977062 A CN1977062 A CN 1977062A
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- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 44
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 41
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 22
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 19
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 abstract description 17
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 abstract description 11
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 54
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 51
- 239000011651 chromium Substances 0.000 description 26
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 26
- 239000011572 manganese Substances 0.000 description 26
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 description 20
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 18
- 239000012634 fragment Substances 0.000 description 18
- 238000007514 turning Methods 0.000 description 17
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 16
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 16
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 15
- 229910052750 molybdenum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 15
- 239000000523 sample Substances 0.000 description 15
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 15
- 229910052714 tellurium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 14
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 12
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 12
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 11
- 230000003628 erosive effect Effects 0.000 description 11
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 10
- 150000002910 rare earth metals Chemical class 0.000 description 10
- PORWMNRCUJJQNO-UHFFFAOYSA-N tellurium atom Chemical compound [Te] PORWMNRCUJJQNO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chromium Chemical compound [Cr] VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Manganese Chemical compound [Mn] PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- 239000005864 Sulphur Substances 0.000 description 9
- 239000011575 calcium Substances 0.000 description 9
- 229910052761 rare earth metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 9
- 239000011669 selenium Substances 0.000 description 9
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 description 9
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 description 8
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 description 8
- 239000011133 lead Substances 0.000 description 8
- 238000003754 machining Methods 0.000 description 7
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- UCKMPCXJQFINFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulphide Chemical compound [S-2] UCKMPCXJQFINFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 229910001215 Te alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 208000014451 palmoplantar keratoderma and congenital alopecia 2 Diseases 0.000 description 6
- 229910000859 α-Fe Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Molybdenum Chemical compound [Mo] ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000011733 molybdenum Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229910052711 selenium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 description 5
- OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium Chemical compound [Ca] OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- BUGBHKTXTAQXES-UHFFFAOYSA-N Selenium Chemical compound [Se] BUGBHKTXTAQXES-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- ORTQZVOHEJQUHG-UHFFFAOYSA-L copper(II) chloride Chemical compound Cl[Cu]Cl ORTQZVOHEJQUHG-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 4
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 4
- 229910052797 bismuth Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 229910052796 boron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 230000009172 bursting Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000035611 feeding Effects 0.000 description 3
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052718 tin Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 230000003245 working effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Boron Chemical compound [B] ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M Chloride anion Chemical compound [Cl-] VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 241000370738 Chlorion Species 0.000 description 2
- 229910001128 Sn alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tin Chemical compound [Sn] ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910001566 austenite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- JCXGWMGPZLAOME-UHFFFAOYSA-N bismuth atom Chemical compound [Bi] JCXGWMGPZLAOME-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000004364 calculation method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 229960003280 cupric chloride Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005242 forging Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052745 lead Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 230000007935 neutral effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 150000004767 nitrides Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 230000010287 polarization Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000000087 stabilizing effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N tungsten Chemical compound [W] WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910000851 Alloy steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052684 Cerium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052779 Neodymium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910000978 Pb alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052777 Praseodymium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000005275 alloying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000538 analytical sample Substances 0.000 description 1
- SJKRCWUQJZIWQB-UHFFFAOYSA-N azane;chromium Chemical group N.[Cr] SJKRCWUQJZIWQB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229940075397 calomel Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 description 1
- ZMIGMASIKSOYAM-UHFFFAOYSA-N cerium Chemical compound [Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce] ZMIGMASIKSOYAM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GVEHJMMRQRRJPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N chromium(2+);methanidylidynechromium Chemical compound [Cr+2].[Cr]#[C-].[Cr]#[C-] GVEHJMMRQRRJPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002788 crimping Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005202 decontamination Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003588 decontaminative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008021 deposition Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- ZOMNIUBKTOKEHS-UHFFFAOYSA-L dimercury dichloride Chemical compound Cl[Hg][Hg]Cl ZOMNIUBKTOKEHS-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002848 electrochemical method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002349 favourable effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000227 grinding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052746 lanthanum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- FZLIPJUXYLNCLC-UHFFFAOYSA-N lanthanum atom Chemical compound [La] FZLIPJUXYLNCLC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000155 melt Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- QEFYFXOXNSNQGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N neodymium atom Chemical compound [Nd] QEFYFXOXNSNQGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000002161 passivation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005554 pickling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008092 positive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 1
- PUDIUYLPXJFUGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N praseodymium atom Chemical compound [Pr] PUDIUYLPXJFUGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000004881 precipitation hardening Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010926 purge Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010791 quenching Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000171 quenching effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000035484 reaction time Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003381 stabilizer Substances 0.000 description 1
- CADICXFYUNYKGD-UHFFFAOYSA-N sulfanylidenemanganese Chemical compound [Mn]=S CADICXFYUNYKGD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000010998 test method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010257 thawing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910003470 tongbaite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000012795 verification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011179 visual inspection Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005303 weighing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004580 weight loss Effects 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/02—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing silicon
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/60—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing lead, selenium, tellurium, or antimony, or more than 0.04% by weight of sulfur
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/04—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing manganese
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
- C22C38/40—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel
- C22C38/42—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel with copper
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
- C22C38/40—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel
- C22C38/44—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel with molybdenum or tungsten
Abstract
The application describes a lead-free ferritic stainless steel alloy having the following composition, all contents given in percent by weight: C < 0.1, Si <= 2, Mn 0.1-2, S 0.08-0.4, Cr 16-25, Ni <= 2, Mo 1-5, Cu 0.01-3.0, Ca <= 0.006, Sn <= 0.15, B <= 0.02, X 0.01-0.5 and/or REM 0.01-1, the balance Fe as well as impurities, where X is 2*Te + 1*Se + 1*Bi. The alloy has good machinability and good corrosion resistance, in comparison with the corresponding alloys containing lead.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the ferritic stainless steel alloy that the routine of machining property that use, that have raising when needing low cutting speed/weak size (weak dimension) is made.The invention belongs to 20Cr2Mo steel classification and have in high working property, machinability and erosion resistance and the material not leaded.
Background technology
Be used at present being and improving the ferrite material of sulphur, lead and the tellurium alloy of additive as machinability with the main stainless steel that low cutting speed is processed small-sized diameter.But the development of observing environmental legislation is indicating plumbous may be under an embargo or limited as the alloy material in the steel.
On stainless steel market, the ferritic steel alloy has the machinability of raising, and 430F steel and 18Cr2Mo steel are common.When steel according to the present invention is intended to be used for the low cutting speed of needs/weak size.So, the 20Cr2Mo steel that primary is coexists in this area is in the highest flight compared.These steel combine good machining property and superior corrosion resistance, but contain the lead of attempting in the market to reduce or getting rid of fully.The one class corrosion of this class material is pitting.Pitting resistance can be weighed PRE=%Cr+3.3*%Mo+16*%N by PRE value (pitting resistance equivalent) simply.
Steel according to the present invention is a lead-free, with in the art on market prevailing material compare and have better machining property and good corrosive nature.
US 6,033, and 625 have described a kind of ferritic stainless steel alloy, its can with lead, tellurium, selenium, calcium and the sulphur as the machinability improved additives, and form alloy as the molybdenum of erosion resistance improved additives, copper and mickel.In this alloy, the PRE value is 19 at least.
JP 2001098352A has also described a kind of ferritic stainless steel alloy, its with form alloy as the sulphur of machinability improved additives.This alloy also can contain additive tellurium, lead, selenium or bismuth.
In addition, JP 10130794A discloses a kind of ferritic stainless steel alloy, and it can contain sulphur, lead, selenium, tellurium and calcium as the machinability improved additives, reaches molybdenum and copper as the erosion resistance improved additives.In this alloy, the PRE value is 20 at least.
Summary of the invention
The ferritic stainless steel alloy that the purpose of this invention is to provide machinability with raising.
Another one purpose of the present invention provides a kind of Steel Alloy, it is compared with present prevailing Steel Alloy in above-mentioned this area, although have performances such as for example good machinability and superior corrosion resistance, but still meet already present and environmental legislation requirement that may soon issue.
The ferritic stainless steel alloy that satisfies this purpose according to the present invention contains (in weight %):
C ≤0.1
Si ≤2
Mn 0.1-2
S 0.08-0.4
Cr 16-25
Ni ≤2
Mo 1-5
Cu 0.01-3.0
X 0.01-0.5 and/or REM0.01-1
Surplus is Fe and impurity, and wherein X is (2*Te+1*Se+1*Bi).
Outside the removal of impurity, also can contain Elements C a, Sn and B in the alloy as additive.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 shown with control material 20Cr2Mo and compared, material according to the invention with same wolfram varbide awl bore hole count.
Fig. 2 is presented at the percentage of the MnS that calculates in the composition that contains 0.03%C, 0.5%Si, 1.5%Mn, 21%Cr, 0.5%Ni, 2.5%Mo, 1%Cu and 0.05%N, and wherein S content changes in 0.10-0.35%.
Fig. 3 is presented at the M that calculates in the composition that contains 0.5%Si, 1.5%Mn, 0.35%S, 21%Cr, 0.5%Ni, 2.5%Mo, 1%Cu and 0.05%N
23C
6The percentage of carbide, wherein C content changes in 0.01-0.1%.
Fig. 4 is presented at the percentage of the nitride that calculates in the composition that contains 0.5%Si, 1.5%Mn, 0.35%S, 21%Cr, 0.5%Ni, 2.5%Mo, 1%Cu and 0.03%C, and wherein N content changes in 0.04-0.05%.
Fig. 5 is presented at the σ content mutually that calculates in the composition that comprises 0.03%C, 0.5%Si, 1.5%Mn, 0.35%S, 0.5%Ni, 1%Cu, 2.5%Mo and 0.05%N, and wherein Cr content is 20-25%.
Fig. 6 is presented at the σ content mutually that calculates in the composition that comprises 0.03%C, 0.5%Si, 1.5%Mn, 0.35%S, 0.5%Ni, 1%Cu, 21%Cr and 0.05%N, and wherein Mo content is 1.85-2.5%.
Embodiment
Now the present invention is explained in more detail.All illustrational compositions should be thought embodiment, therefore to the application's invention without limits.
The present invention relates to have the ferritic stainless steel alloy of following composition, all content are in weight %:
C ≤0.1
Si ≤2
Mn 0.1-2
S 0.08-0.4
Cr 16-25
Ni ≤2
Mo 1-5
Cu 0.01-3.0
Ca ≤0.006
Sn ≤0.15
B ≤0.02
X 0.01-0.5 and/or REM0.01-1
Surplus is Fe and impurity, and wherein X is (2*Te+1*Se+1*Bi).
Sulphur (S) is by forming sulfide, and for example MnS and CrS improve machining property.These sulfide have promoted fragment to form and fragment breaks, and have reduced machining cost and tool wear thus.But high sulphur content can have problems in hot-work and reduce erosion resistance.The content of sulphur is should exceed 0.4 weight % not, should be between 0.08-0.4 weight %, and preferably in the scope of 0.1-0.4 weight %, 0.15-0.35 weight % most preferably.
Tellurium (Te) is the additive that is used to regulate sulfide hotchpotch form.Tellurium combines and changes the form of MnS hotchpotch with manganese.High tellurium content can cause bad hot workability, especially when the association between tellurium and the manganese is low.
The amount that tellurium adds should not surpass 0.2 weight %, should be in the scope of 0.01 weight %-0.2 weight %, preferably in the scope of 0.01-0.015 weight %, most preferably in the scope of 0.01-0.1 weight %.Selenium (Se) also can add for identical purpose with bismuth (Bi).For the result who obtains requiring, the content of 2*Te+Se+Bi must be in the scope of 0.01-0.5 weight %, preferred 0.02-0.4 weight %, most preferably 0.02-0.2 weight %.
Manganese (Mn) combines the manganese sulfide that forms the machinability that can improve steel with sulphur.The manganese content of steel influences the form of sulfide hotchpotch.Manganese is austenite stabilizer, thereby must keep low manganese content.Based on the manganese content that increases erosion resistance is produced the fact of negative influence, the manganese content in the stainless steel is restricted usually.The amount that manganese adds should not surpass 2.0 weight %, should be in the scope of 0.1-2.0 weight %, preferably in the scope of 0.2-1.5 weight %, most preferably in the scope of 0.4-1.5 weight %.
Chromium (Cr) is the very important alloying element relevant with the erosion resistance of material.This forms Cr owing to chromium on the surface of steel
2O
3The ability of passivation layer.In order to obtain ferrite structure, the chrome content should exceed 16 weight % in the material.In order to make material obtain good anti-pitting, need the chrome content of at least 19 weight %.Therefore, the content of chromium should be in the scope of 16-25 weight %, preferably in the scope of 18-22 weight %, most preferably in the scope of 19-21 weight %.
Silicon (Si) has the ferrite stabilizing effect.Silicon is a kind of precipitation-hardening element.Too high silicon content makes the hot workability variation.But the silicon that needs specified quantitative is so that the material deoxidation.The amount that silicon adds should not surpass 2 weight %, preferred maximum 1 weight %, most preferably maximum 0.5 weight %.
The form of the oxide-doped thing of calcium (Ca) influence.High Ca/O makes the deformability of oxide compound in the cutting process reduce than making the fusing point of oxide compound raise thus.This can increase tool wear.The amount that calcium adds should not surpass 0.006 weight %, should be in the scope of 0-0.002 weight %, preferably in the scope of 0-0.001 weight %.
Molybdenum (Mo) is a kind of ferrite stabilizing element, the erosion resistance in chloride environment is had the influence that is highly profitable.The content of molybdenum should be in the scope of 1.0-5.0 weight %, preferably in the scope of 1.5-2.5 weight %, most preferably in the scope of 1.85-2.5 weight %.
Copper (Cu) has positive effect to machinability with regard to the work-ing life of instrument in the course of processing.Reason be with the sedimentary copper of 1nm size in material along the grain boundary deposit.High-copper counter productive may be that the reduction of hot workability and the fragment of material break.The content of copper must be in the scope of 0.01-3.0, preferably in the scope of 0.5-2.0 weight %, most preferably in the scope of 0.7-2.0 weight %.
Carbon (C) has and chromium bonded strong tendency, this means chromium carbide deposit on the grain boundary.Thus, consumed a large amount of chromium on every side.This causes material to become responsive for intergranular corrosion.Therefore, it is low as much as possible that the content of carbon must keep, maximum 0.1 weight %, preferred maximum 0.05 weight %, most preferably maximum 0.03 weight %.
Boron (B) helps to improve hot workability.It should add on a small quantity, and too big amount causes bad hot workability.The content of boron should be between 0-0.02 weight %, preferably in the scope of 0.0005-0.01 weight %, most preferably in the scope of 0.001-0.01 weight %.
Nitrogen (N) is austenite former.In ferrite material, the solubleness of nitrogen in matrix is very low.Although nitrogen has strong favourable influence to the PRE value, too high nitrogen content can be unfavorable to erosion resistance.If in material, form the deposition of chromium nitride, then can become the corrosive starting point.Even high nitrogen content can produce negative influence to the processibility of material.Therefore nitrogen content must keep low as much as possible.The content of nitrogen can not surpass 0.05 weight %.
REM (rare earth metal) is used as the machinability improved additives.REM is the general designation of many elements, for example cerium, lanthanum, praseodymium and neodymium.They regulate the form and the composition of non-metallic inclusion.REM adds with mishmetal or with pure element.In the reality, the add-on of REM metal is maximum 1 weight %, preferred maximum 0.1 weight %.
Machinability improved additives when cutting speed is hanged down in tin (Sn) conduct.The content of tin should not surpass 0.15 weight %, preferred maximum 0.10 weight %.
The testing sequence explanation
Come the manufacturing test material by thawing in high-frequency furnace, casting and heating subsequently and forging.After the forging, fully grinding of blank, roll-in and quenching.Blank is annealed, water-cooled, draws on common drawing machine then.At last, alignment and abrasive substance are so that test.
In order to measure machining property, by boring, turning and the fragment verification test material that breaks.In addition, by neutral salt spray test (NSS), cupric chloride urges into salt-fog test (CASS) and pitting test (CPT) to measure erosion resistance.The control material of boring and turning is the 20Cr2Mo steel, and following control material is called 20Cr2Mo.
List test material in the table 1, comprise chemical constitution and the PRE value of control material in weight %.As comprise and then add REM with mishmetal.
Table 1. chemical constitution and PRE value (in weight %)
| 98310 | 98311 | 98312 | 98313 | 98314 | 98315 | 98316 | 20Cr2Mo φ5mm | 20Cr2Mo φ6mm | |
| C | 0.01 | 0.01 | 0.01 | 0.01 | 0.01 | 0.01 | 0.01 | 0.006 | 0.005 |
| Si | 0.37 | 0.34 | 0.39 | 0.38 | 0.43 | 0.390 | 0.370 | 0.510 | 0.430 |
| Mn | 0.47 | 1.29 | 1.39 | 0.59 | 1.22 | 1.300 | 1.100 | 1.120 | 1.160 |
| P | 0.003 | 0.003 | 0.003 | 0.004 | 0.003 | 0.004 | 0.003 | 0.032 | 0.023 |
| S | 0.27 | 0.28 | 0.22 | 0.25 | 0.24 | 0.14 | 0.094 | 0.250 | 0.290 |
| Cr | 19.83 | 19.94 | 19.96 | 19.63 | 19.92 | 20.12 | 20.9 | 20.450 | 20.190 |
| Ni | 0.07 | 0.07 | 0.43 | 0.44 | 0.06 | 0.08 | 0.41 | 0.480 | 0.210 |
| Mo | 2.03 | 2.04 | 2.02 | 2.02 | 2.05 | 2.04 | 2.02 | 1.780 | 1.790 |
| Cu | 0.85 | 1.59 | 0.85 | 1.53 | 0.01 | 0.86 | 0.84 | 0.170 | 0.060 |
| Ca | ＜0.0005 | 0.0016 | 0.0019 | ＜0.0005 | ＜0.0005 | 0.0007 | 0.001 | ||
| REM * | 0.026 | 0.021 | |||||||
| Sn | 0.09 | ＜0.005 | ＜0.005 | ＜0.005 | |||||
| B | 0.0025 | 0.0040 | 0.0039 | 0.0039 | 0.0038 | 0.0012 | 0.0018 | ||
| Pb | 0.180 | 0.150 | |||||||
| Te | 0.045 | 0.05 | 0.035 | 0.073 | 0.044 | ＜0.005 | ＜0.005 | 0.015 | 0.016 |
| N | 0.022 | 0.029 | 0.022 | 0.022 | 0.021 | 0.022 | 0.029 | 0.022 | 0.023 |
| PRE | 27 | 27 | 27 | 27 | 27 | 27 | 28 | 27 | 26 |
*) be not checked through other REM additive except that Ce.
Drill test
In drill test, detect number with the drillable sample of same awl.Operation steps is a centre drill at first, then with solid-state wolfram varbide awl boring.
In boring procedure, check awl at regular intervals.Write down the problem that cutting edge for example is cracked and form built-up edge, evaluate the geometrical shape of fragment simultaneously.Under the cracked restriction of a cutting edge sample in work-ing life to 440 or situation still less, carry out revision test.Fig. 1 has shown the overview of the boring number of forming for every kind of test.Under the situation of carrying out twice test, calculating mean value as a result of.
As seen from Figure 1, in the test material of check, form and compare other and have better boring by four kinds.Formation built-up edge that has been noted that consideration may occur and cracked problem, these four kinds of materials can be according to table 2 classification.
Table 2. is best material in drill test
| Estimate | Form | Remarks |
| Outstanding | 98311 | Bore 880 holes.Material and Te and high-load Cu and Mn form alloy. |
| Very good | 98313 | Bore 880 holes.But have than 98311 and more to many fragment.The Mn of material and Te and Ca and high-load Cu and low levels forms alloy. |
| Good | 20Cr2Mo | Bore 660 holes.Control material especially with other element in Pb and Te form alloy. |
| Meet the requirements | 98310 | Bore 550 holes.Fragment and crimping are roughly suitable with material 98313.The Mn of material and Te and low levels and Cu form alloy. |
The turning test
Its profile is designed for the sample of turning test so that can form (respectively with depth of cut transverse feed cutting and vertically turning constant and that change) simultaneously with same turning cutter head with the test of carrying out a large amount of different mechanical workout directions.
The operation steps of sample manufacturing is that contour turning is succeeded by part turning.Use the carbide bit of coating.
Behind 100 samples of every manufacturing, select 10 samples, total so that how size that can analytical sample changes with engaging time by measuring diameter.Every kind of material amounts to makes 1100 samples.
Variation with the engaging time maximum diameter can be described by Trendline.Suppose that Trendline is linear, available following formula is recorded and narrated
Maximum diameter=slope * duration of contact+C
C is the point that line and diameter shaft intersect.Thus, can determine the slope of Trendline.
In theory, the size of the test sample of selection is worn along with tool edge and increases, and the slope of Trendline should be positive.Table 3 has provided the result of turning test.
The slope of the maximum sized Trendline of the selected sample of table 3..Except the sample that 10 are at first selected.
| Material | Slope |
| 20Cr2Mo | 0.0007 |
| 98310 | 0.00001 |
| 98311 | 0.0014 |
| 98312 | 0.0014 |
| 98313 | 0.0012 |
| 98314 | 0.0019 |
| 98315 | -0.00007 |
| 98316 | 0.0014 |
Suppose that little negative value can regard as zero, the slope of the Trendline of low value means tool wear slowly, can set up grade as table 4 for material so.
Table 4. is best test material in the turning test
| Estimate | Form | Remarks |
| Outstanding | 98310 and 98315 | Material 98310 forms alloy with Te.Material 98315 especially with other element in REM form alloy. |
| Very good | 20Cr2Mo | Contrast.Material especially with other element in Pb and Te form alloy. |
| Good | 98313 | Material especially with other element in Te form alloy. |
| Meet the requirements | 98311 and 98312 | Material especially with other element in Te form alloy. |
Fragment breaks
In the mode of vertical turning operation, the carbide bit with coating uses two kinds of different feedings and carries out the fragment bursting test with two different sizes.For the combination of every kind of feeding and turning diameter, collect fragment, it is estimated according to the standards of grading that are divided into Pyatyi, see Table 5.Give minimum branch for long complete fragment, i.e. dissatisfied (not satisfactory), the mark that reduces along with chip length uprises afterwards.
From the result of table 5 as can be seen, all test materialss have and the equal or better fragment of the control material 20Cr2Mo performance of breaking.When turning tin alloy material 98314, obtain best fragment.Inferior good but still be that short fine debris is from the material 98315 that contains the REM additive and 98316 and comprise two kinds of test melts 98310 and 98311 of tellurium and obtain.Containing in the tellurium melt two kinds and be on the roughly the same level with control material, is the poorest in the fragment bursting test.
The bursting test of table 5. fragment.
| Feeding/turning diameter | Total points | ||||
| Form | Low/big | High/big | Low/little | High/little | |
| 20Cr2Mo | Good | Good | Meet the requirements | Good | Good |
| 98310 | Very good | Outstanding | Good | Outstanding | Very good |
| 98311 | Meet the requirements | Outstanding | Good | Outstanding | Very good |
| 98312 | Good | Outstanding | Undesirable | Outstanding | Good |
| 98313 | Outstanding | Outstanding | Meet the requirements | Undesirable | Good |
| 98314 | Outstanding | Outstanding | Good | Outstanding | Outstanding |
| 98315 | Outstanding | Outstanding | Good | Very good | Very good |
| 98316 | Outstanding | Outstanding | Very good | Good | Very good |
Machining property result
The result who obtains from three mechanical workout property testings that carry out shows that different materials shows different works fine performances under different situations.For example, the tellurium alloy materials with big crystal grain and big circular sulfide obtains best result in drill test.However, in order to distinguish some or severally to have a material of superior mechanical processing characteristics widely, contrast is weighed ferrite material each other.Rule of thumb, boring is the operation of most critical for the multiple product in the Application Areas of expection, is that fragment breaks then, is turning at last.In view of the above, providing influence property corresponding to final mark maximum for boring, is that fragment breaks then, is turning at last, sees Table 6.
The measurement of the machinability test-results that table 6. is different.
| Form | Boring | Fragment breaks | Turning | Final mark | Note |
| 20Cr2Mo | Good | Undesirable | Very good | Good | Te and Pb alloy |
| 98310 | Meet the requirements | Very good | Outstanding | Good | The Te alloy |
| 98311 | Outstanding | Good | Meet the requirements | Very good | The Te alloy, high-content Cu |
| 98312 | Undesirable | Meet the requirements | Meet the requirements | Meet the requirements | The Te alloy |
| 98313 | Very good | Do not conform to requirement | Good | Good | The Te alloy, high-content Cu |
| 98314 | Undesirable | Outstanding | Undesirable | Meet the requirements | Te, the Sn alloy |
| 98315 | Undesirable | Very good | Outstanding | Good | The Ce additive |
| 98316 | Undesirable | Very good | Undesirable | Meet the requirements | The Ce additive |
Anti-corrosion test
Carry out anti-corrosion test:
In neutral salt spray (NSS)
In cupric chloride is urged into salt fog (CASS)
Use electrochemical method, wherein determined crucial pitting temperature (CPT).
3 test material and control material 20Cr2Mo that obtain best machinability data are carried out anti-corrosion test.Carry out NSS according to SS-ISO 9227.Carry out CASS according to SS-ISO9227, difference is that test is carried out 16h and replaced 96h, and 25 ℃ replace 50 ℃.
NSS and CASS
3 samples of every kind of composition are carried out decontamination (degreased) and weighing.Finish after the test, the visual inspection sample also writes down the degree of corrosion product.Sample is evaluated with following manner:
A=does not have obvious corrosion
A little corrosion of B=(＜20% surface)
C=obviously corrodes (surface of 20-70%)
D=strong corrosion (＞70% surface)
The pickling sample is weighed so that the calculated weight loss afterwards until cleaning.At last, sample scans concave point with stereoscopic microscope.Carry out 3 tests for every kind of composition and test method, can obtain mean value and distribution in view of the above.Table 8 has shown the result of anti-corrosion test.
CPT
By using constant potential, sample is dipped in fully checks anti-pitting in the solution that comprises chlorion.Testing data is recorded in the table 7.Solution is with the nitrogen purge exhaust.Make the sample polarization by sample being connected voltage, so that the electrochemical process on the control specimen surface.Temperature rises from the amplitude of 20 degree with 5 degree, and other parameter keeps constant simultaneously.The CPT value defined is for surpassing 10 μ A/cm
2The temperature of electric current.If sample is increased to 95 degree, then write down this temperature, test is finished.
Test material with the highest CPT value is to have the test material of strong anti-pitting in comprising the environment of chlorion.Carry out 6 tests for every kind of composition, can obtain mean value and distribution in view of the above.The result is explanation in table 8.
Testing data during table 7.CPT measures.
| Chloride ion content (weight %) | 0.05 |
| Temperature | 20-95 |
| ΔT(℃) | 5 |
| (mV is with SCE in polarization *Relatively) | 0 |
| Limiting current (μ A/cm 2) | 10 |
*SCE (standard calomel electrode) is a reference electrode.Relatively show the 242mV positive voltage with SHE (standard hydrogen electrode).
The anti-corrosion test result
In the CPT test, 3 test material comparisons obtain better achievement according to material.In other test, the best corrosion resistance nature of test material and control material are good equally.Other test material is then poor slightly.
Table 8. anti-corrosion test result
| Form | The NSS grade | NSS erosion rate g/m 2/h | The CASS grade | CASS erosion rate g/m 2/h | CPT (℃) Cl of 0mV 0.05 weight % - |
| 20Cr2Mo | B | 0.15±0.03 | A | 0.08±0.16 | 21.5±2.5 |
| 98310 | A | 0.05±0.01 | B | 0.24±0.02 | 88±7.5 |
| 98311 | B | 0.13±0.06 | BC | 0.48±0.02 | 60±20 |
| 98313 | C | 0.29±0.01 | C | 0.39±0.07 | 53±12.5 |
Be clear that from the test-results of above-mentioned explanation alloy according to the present invention has good machinability and excellent corrosion resistance.And described alloy is not leaded.
Preferably prepare according to alloy of the present invention, but also can prepare by powder metallurgic method with usual way.
Theoretical Calculation
Except that test is formed, use Thermo-Calc (version Q, database CCTSS) to carry out certain Theoretical Calculation to estimate existing of sulfide, carbide and nitride.Should be noted that equilibrium state is taked in these calculating, therefore in fact only should be as the guidance of estimating effect.
In calculating, the content of S, C, N, Mo and Cr changes, and the content of other element remains unchanged.Owing to do not comprise the data of Te, Se and Bi in the database that uses, so these elements are not considered in calculating.For like this equally greater than the copper content of 1.0 weight %.
The content of the MnS that calculates in the composition that contains 0.03%C, 0.5%Si, 1.5%Mn, 21%Cr, 0.5%Ni, 2.5%Mo, 1%Cu and 0.05%N is shown in Figure 2.The content of sulphur changes between 0.10%-0.35%.Obviously the content of MnS increases with the S content that increases.
It is M that Fig. 3 is illustrated in the form that calculates in the composition that contains 0.5%Si, 1.5%Mn, 0.35%S, 21%Cr, 0.5%Ni, 2.5%Mo, 1%Cu and 0.05%N
23C
6The content of the carbide of (M represents chromium, also can be the combination of chromium and molybdenum).C content changes between 0.01-0.1%.
Shown in Fig. 4 for containing 0.5%Si, 1.5%Mn, 0.35%S, 21%Cr, 0.5%Ni, 2.5%Mo, 1%Cu and 0.03%C, and the Cr that calculates of the composition that changes at 0.04-0.05% of N content wherein
2The ratio of N.
Also evaluated when changing Mo content and Cr content respectively, produced the risk of σ phase in the alloy.Fig. 5 has shown the composition that comprises 0.03%C, 0.5%Si, 1.5%Mn, 0.35%S, 0.5%Ni, 1%Cu, 2.5%Mo and 0.05%N, and wherein Cr content is 20-25%; Fig. 6 has shown the composition that comprises 0.03%C, 0.5%Si, 1.5%Mn, 0.35%S, 0.5%Ni, 1%Cu, 21%Cr and 0.05%N, and wherein Mo content is 1.85-2.5%.Obviously high Cr has increased with Mo content and has formed σ risk mutually.But because it highly depends on the reaction times in the manufacturing processed, therefore also the σ phase can appear in uncertain not being actually.From the composition that table 1 provides, in fact do not observe the σ phase.Therefore can infer,, can avoid the appearance of σ phase in the alloy of the present invention through suitable manufacture method.
Claims (9)
1. ferritic stainless steel alloy is characterized in that it has following composition, and all content are in weight %:
C ≤0.1
Si ≤2
Mn 0.1-2
S 0.08-0.4
Cr 16-25
Ni ≤2
Mo 1-5
Cu 0.01-3.0
Ca ≤0.006
Sn ≤0.15
B ≤0.02
X 0.01-0.5 and/or REM 0.01-1
The Fe of surplus and impurity, wherein X is 2*Te+l*Se+l*Bi.
2. ferritic stainless steel alloy according to claim 1 is characterized in that, the content of Cr is 18-22 weight %, and preferably 19-21 weight %, and/or the content of Ni is≤1 weight %, and is preferred≤0.5 weight %.
3. ferritic stainless steel alloy according to claim 1 and 2 is characterized in that, the content of C is≤0.05 weight %, and is preferred≤0.03 weight %.
4. according to the described ferritic stainless steel alloy of aforementioned any one claim, it is characterized in that the content of Mn is 0.2-1.5 weight %, preferably 0.4-1.5 weight %, and/or the content of S is 0.1-0.4 weight %, preferred 0.15-0.35 weight %.
5. ferritic stainless steel alloy according to claim 4 is characterized in that, the content of Ca is≤0.002 weight %, and is preferred≤0.001 weight %.
6. according to the described ferritic stainless steel alloy of aforementioned any one claim, it is characterized in that the content of Si is≤1 weight %, preferred≤0.5 weight %, and/or the content of Mo is 1.5-2.5 weight %, preferred 1.85-2.5 weight %.
7. according to the described ferritic stainless steel alloy of aforementioned any one claim, it is characterized in that the content of Cu is 0.5-2 weight %, preferably 0.7-2 weight %, and/or the content of B is 0.0005-0.01, preferred 0.001-0.01 weight %.
8. according to the described ferritic stainless steel alloy of aforementioned any one claim, it is characterized in that, the content of X, promptly 2*Te+l*Se+l*Bi is 0.02-0.4 weight %, preferred 0.02-0.2 weight %, and/or the content of REM is 0.01-0.1 weight %.
9. according to the described ferritic stainless steel alloy of aforementioned any one claim, it is characterized in that impurity N, P and O exist with following content, all in weight %:
N ≤0.05
P ≤0.03
O ≤0.05。
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| SE0401686A SE528680C2 (en) | 2004-06-30 | 2004-06-30 | Ferritic lead-free stainless steel alloy |
| SE04016861 | 2004-06-30 |
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| CN1977062A true CN1977062A (en) | 2007-06-06 |
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| US (1) | US20090053092A1 (en) |
| EP (1) | EP1774051A1 (en) |
| JP (1) | JP2008505247A (en) |
| KR (1) | KR20070026683A (en) |
| CN (1) | CN1977062A (en) |
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| WO (1) | WO2006004486A1 (en) |
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| US3645722A (en) * | 1969-09-04 | 1972-02-29 | Carpenter Technology Corp | Free machining stainless steel alloy |
| JPS5220922A (en) * | 1975-07-05 | 1977-02-17 | Daido Steel Co Ltd | Free cutting ferrite stainless steel |
| JPS5326215A (en) * | 1976-08-23 | 1978-03-10 | Daido Steel Co Ltd | Free cutting steel with improved corrosion resistance |
| FR2720410B1 (en) * | 1994-05-31 | 1996-06-28 | Ugine Savoie Sa | Ferritic stainless steel with improved machinability. |
| JP3601749B2 (en) * | 1996-10-24 | 2004-12-15 | 大同特殊鋼株式会社 | High strength, free cutting ferritic stainless steel |
| JP3777756B2 (en) * | 1997-11-12 | 2006-05-24 | 大同特殊鋼株式会社 | Electronic equipment parts made of ferritic free-cutting stainless steel |
| JP4106778B2 (en) * | 1998-12-03 | 2008-06-25 | 大同特殊鋼株式会社 | Machining method of free-cutting ferritic stainless steel and stainless steel parts with excellent outgas resistance and corrosion resistance |
| US6793746B2 (en) * | 1999-07-26 | 2004-09-21 | Daido Steel Co., Ltd. | Stainless steel parts with suppressed release of sulfide gas and method of producing |
| JP2001131716A (en) * | 1999-11-11 | 2001-05-15 | Daido Steel Co Ltd | Ferritic stainless steel parts excellent in outgas resistance |
| US20030170138A1 (en) * | 1999-09-03 | 2003-09-11 | Kiyohito Ishida | Free cutting alloy |
| JP2001200345A (en) * | 2000-01-20 | 2001-07-24 | Sanyo Special Steel Co Ltd | Ferritic free cutting stainless steel excellent in cold workability |
| JP4906193B2 (en) * | 2000-04-13 | 2012-03-28 | 新日鐵住金ステンレス株式会社 | Ferritic free-cutting stainless steel |
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| DE10143390B4 (en) * | 2001-09-04 | 2014-12-24 | Stahlwerk Ergste Westig Gmbh | Cold-formed corrosion-resistant chrome steel |
| JP3550132B2 (en) * | 2002-04-15 | 2004-08-04 | 東北特殊鋼株式会社 | Precipitation hardening type soft magnetic ferritic stainless steel |
-
2004
- 2004-06-30 SE SE0401686A patent/SE528680C2/en not_active IP Right Cessation
-
2005
- 2005-06-15 KR KR1020067027682A patent/KR20070026683A/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2005-06-15 US US11/631,147 patent/US20090053092A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2005-06-15 CN CNA2005800219910A patent/CN1977062A/en active Pending
- 2005-06-15 JP JP2007519154A patent/JP2008505247A/en active Pending
- 2005-06-15 WO PCT/SE2005/000914 patent/WO2006004486A1/en active Application Filing
- 2005-06-15 EP EP05752540A patent/EP1774051A1/en not_active Withdrawn
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Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| JP2008505247A (en) | 2008-02-21 |
| SE528680C2 (en) | 2007-01-23 |
| US20090053092A1 (en) | 2009-02-26 |
| WO2006004486A1 (en) | 2006-01-12 |
| SE0401686D0 (en) | 2004-06-30 |
| EP1774051A1 (en) | 2007-04-18 |
| KR20070026683A (en) | 2007-03-08 |
| SE0401686L (en) | 2005-12-31 |
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