CN1975387A - Alkaline earth metal atom effective detecting method - Google Patents
Alkaline earth metal atom effective detecting method Download PDFInfo
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- CN1975387A CN1975387A CN 200610130071 CN200610130071A CN1975387A CN 1975387 A CN1975387 A CN 1975387A CN 200610130071 CN200610130071 CN 200610130071 CN 200610130071 A CN200610130071 A CN 200610130071A CN 1975387 A CN1975387 A CN 1975387A
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Abstract
This invention disclosed a high efficiency detection method for alkaline earth ions. Three dye laser wares were activated by a Nd:YAG laser ware, alkaline earth atomic beam was illuminated by two dye laser wares to produce atom samples with different n, l value; ionizate the atom by the third dye laser wares. This invention has high efficiency no matter whether the n value of Rydberg atom was high. It improved the bug of traditional method and could be applied to every kind of alkaline earth atom.
Description
[technical field]:
Patent of the present invention relates to the effective detecting method of a kind of Detection Techniques, particularly a kind of alkaline earth metal atom.
[technical background]:
Along with deepening continuously that laser spectrum tech is used in fields such as photochemistry, isotopic separation, atmospheric surveillances, need the atom and the molecule that be in highly excited level be surveyed, and resolution and the sensitivity of surveying has been proposed more and more higher requirement.Tradition detection method (as absorption spectrum, resonance fluorescence spectrum, optoacoustic spectroscopy, photocurrent spectra and electric field ionization spectroscopy) is because the constraint of aspects such as detection efficiency and resolution can't be satisfied the demand that highly excited level is studied.Survey for some atom and molecules that are in low excited state, relatively effective and efficient manner is to adopt fluorescent detection method to collect the photon signal of institute's radiation, and for atom that is in highly excited level and molecule, because its life-span is longer, the speed of radiation photon is lower, thereby it is more reasonable to collect their ionization product-electronics and ion.Its principle is to use the laser excitation alkaline earth metal atom earlier, prepares the atomic sample that is in the Rydberg attitude, adopts proper method to make atomic ionization then.By ion or the electronics that ionization detection produces, just can obtain the important information of optical excitation and atomic state.Because laser excitation can guarantee sensitivity and the selectivity surveyed, and have very high gain as the electron multiplication device of detector, so ion or electronics can be by high efficiency collection and detections, thereby resonance excitation and power technology have high detection efficiency, can realize single atom detection.
Ionization mode commonly used has field ionization (FI) and photoionization etc.Both respectively have relative merits, and wherein extra electric field ionization is applicable to that long height of life-span excites the Rydberg attitude, and shortcoming is for the atom that is on the low Rydberg attitude, needs high electric field just can make it ionization.And with photo-ionisation method can detect field ionization (FI) the low Rydberg attitude that can't detect, but conventional direct sunshine ionization process is the off-resonance transition, its excitation cross-section only is 10
-20Cm
2, cause detection efficiency lower.If will improve detection efficiency, then must provide very strong laser energy.
[summary of the invention]:
The present invention seeks to for the existing efficient of the technology that solves existing detection atom low, adaptive surface is narrow, be not easy operation, power level to laser instrument requires high shortcoming and problem, and proposes the effective detecting method that height that a kind of concept development that utilizes resonance ionization goes out excites alkaline earth metal atom.
For realizing goal of the invention, the invention discloses a kind of effective detecting method of alkaline earth metal atom.It is characterized in that may further comprise the steps:
(1) the Joule heat method by resistance will place the highly purified earth alkali metal of crucible to be heated to 580-630 degree centigrade in vacuum environment, making metal vapors is that the aperture of 1-2mm ejects from the diameter of crucible, makes metal vapors become the atomic beam of the depth of parallelism between the 8-12 degree through the collimation of two diaphragms;
(2) with first dye laser irradiated atoms bundle of a Nd:YAG laser pumping, and tuning its wavelength makes atom by ground state ms
2 1S
0Transit to msmp
1P
1Attitude; Wherein for magnesium, calcium, strontium, the barium metallic atom, the m value gets 3,4,5,6 respectively (below be not always the case);
(3) with second dye laser irradiated atoms bundle of same Nd:YAG laser pumping, and between 750-420nm its wavelength of scanning, with atom by msmp
1P
1Attitude is energized into the msnlRydberg attitude respectively, wherein: n=7-50, l=0 or 2 prepares the sample of the highlyexcitedatom that is in corresponding atomic state;
(4) with the 3rd dye laser irradiated atoms bundle of same Nd:YAG laser pumping, with atom from the further resonance excitation of msnl attitude to mp
3/2Nl autoionization state or mp
1/2The nl autoionization state;
(5) being 200V/cm with an electric field intensity, impulse electric field is collected the ion that is produced through the autoionization process, and is iontophoresis to a gain 10
6Microchannel plate (MCP) detector in receive and amplify;
(6) output signal of detector is input to respectively in an oscillograph and the Boxcar average integral device.The former is used for observation signal size and position, and the latter is 10-20 pulse signal sample averaging, pass through analog to digital conversion again after, be input in the computing machine and show in real time and analyzing and processing.
Beneficial effect of the present invention: the present invention is a kind of very effective detection means that is suitable for highlyexcitedatom.Because it has overcome the defective of electric field ionization detection method and photoionization detection method simultaneously, thereby no matter high or low Rydberg atom all there is very high detection efficiency.The autoionization detection mode is compared with other conventional detection method, has tangible advantage.This detection method is applicable to all alkaline earth metal atoms.
The present invention utilizes the means of resonance ionization to survey the atom that is in highly excited level.It makes atom arrive the mpnl autoionization state by three step resonance excitations, and its excitation cross-section can reach 10
-14Cm
2The atom that is in autoionization state by the collision between two valence electrons that excited and energy exchange and rapidly decay is ion, thereby realizes the detection to atom, to obtain the information of microworld.
[description of drawings]
Fig. 1 is barium atom 6p
1/2The spectrum of 17d autoionization state;
Fig. 2 is a plurality of 6p
1/2The spectrum of ns autoionization state;
Fig. 3 is the Ba atom Rydberg attitude spectrum that obtains with two kinds of different photoionization detection modes;
Fig. 4 is the Rydberg attitude spectrum that detects with the autoionization detection method.
[embodiment]
The equipment that the present invention uses comprises: the Nd:YAG pulsed laser that is used for the pumping dye laser, tunable wave length also is stabilized in three tunable dye lasers on the atomic absorption peak, accurately the atom adding heating vacuum furnace of temperature control is one, can produce the very high atomic beam system of collimation, fast to the charged particle response, highly sensitive micro-channel plate detector one cover, can and postpone the optical delay of accurately control and each one of electricity pulse-delay unit to the time sequencing of light pulse and electric pulse, pulse signals can be carried out one of integration peace mean of mean integraph, and the computer data acquiring and the analytic system of data communication controlled and scan and can realize by a cover to all electro-optical devices.
The technology that the present invention relates to comprises: the frequency multiplication of laser debugging technique, laser with and precision Control Technology, the light beam of the time sequencing of sample preparation technology, light pulse and the electric pulse of isolated real shooting techniques, the highlyexcitedatom of bunchy technology, the atom of technology, atomic vapour and delay frequently is synthetic and the control technology of the signal to noise ratio (S/N ratio) of collimation technique, raising micro-channel plate detector etc.
The atom autoionization spectrum that the present invention utilizes: if do not adopt isolated real shooting techniques, it is linear that the autoionization spectrum of atom presents asymmetrical Fano, and its peak and width are difficult to determine.If adopt isolated real shooting techniques, avoided the interference that excites between two valence electrons of atom, it is linear to make the autoionization spectrum of atom present the Lorentz of symmetry, its peak and width are determined easily, thereby be convenient to the location of the 3rd step excitation wavelength, when launching efficiency reaches maximum, corresponding to atom survey most effective.
Shooting techniques of the present invention is the isolated real shooting techniques of multistep: tuning first Wavelength of Laser makes atom by ground state ms
2 1S
0Transit to msmp
1P
1Attitude, use then second dye laser with atom by msmp
1P
1Attitude is energized into msnl (l=0,2) Rydberg attitude, n=7-50 wherein, and corresponding optical maser wavelength is between 750-420nm.Because the nl electronics is on the big track, it and the real electronics wide apart of ms that still is on the baby track are so in fact isolated atomic kernel.With the 3rd dye laser the further resonance excitation of atom is arrived mp
3/2Nl or mp
1/2On the nl autoionization state.These two kinds of different autoionization states provide the excitation scheme of two kinds of equivalences, and for the barium atom, the 3rd corresponding Wavelength of Laser is two scope: 455-457nm or 493-495nm.Isolated real shooting techniques is the basis of the high-efficient detection technology of highlyexcitedatom, plays an important role for the detection efficiency of integral body.
The preparation of highlyexcitedatom sample among the present invention: need the accurately temperature of control heating crucible, (vacuum tightness is 10 in high vacuum with the metal of high-purity (more than 99.5%)
-4Pa) be heated to 580-630 degree centigrade in the environment, making metal vapors is that the aperture of 2mm ejects from the diameter of crucible side.Collimation through two diaphragms makes metal vapors become the atomic beam of collimation very high (depth of parallelism is between the 8-12 degree).First laser instrument parallels with the light beam of second laser instrument, from the front window incident of vacuum chamber; The light beam of the 3rd laser instrument and their antiparallels and window incident from behind; Three light beams are on same straight line, and are and perpendicular in the atomic beam direction.Control atomic beam and three beams of laser bundle quadrature are for the basic Doppler of elimination adds broad effect, guarantee the high resolving power of atom highly excited level is surveyed.Be subjected to the irradiation successively of the first two Shu Jiguang when atomic beam after, just prepared the sample of highlyexcitedatom.
The autoionization of the atom that the present invention utilizes is surveyed
The further resonance excitation of the highlyexcitedatom that is in the msnl attitude that will prepare with the 3rd dye laser arrives mp
3/2Nl or mp
1/2On the nl autoionization state.Atom will become ion rapidly by autoionization, thereby be surveyed by micro-channel plate detector.Atom can both be realized high efficiency ionization by above-mentioned two kinds of different autoionization states, thereby the excitation scheme of two kinds of equivalences is provided.Corresponding these two kinds of excitation scheme, the 3rd Wavelength of Laser can be in two scopes value.For the barium atom, they are: 455-457nm or 493-495nm.
The time delay of three laser pulses control among the present invention: the time sequencing of accurately controlling three laser pulses is to guarantee atom is energized on the atomic state of appointment successively.Relevant technical parameter is: the light pulse of second laser is with respect to the optical pulse delay 8ns of first laser, and the light pulse of the 3rd laser is with respect to the optical pulse delay 10ns of second laser.This postpones available fast photodiode and the wideband digital storage oscilloscope is monitored, so that detection efficiency is maintained optimum level.
Collect the time delay control of the pulsion phase of electric field for laser pulse among the present invention: atom decays for behind the ion by autoionization, with impulse electric field charged particle is collected.This impulse electric field must just can apply after the light pulse complete obiteration, to avoid that the highly excited level of atom is produced the Stark effect.The concrete practice is the pulse signal output synchronous triggering pulse power with the Nd:YAG pumping laser, and makes electric pulse with respect to optical pulse delay 500ns.
The present invention is converted into a kind of the have high sensitivity and the optical spectrum detecting method of resolution with the research of autoionization spectrum.When autoionization state is subjected to exciting when being two electron synchrotrons in the atom produce a kind of accurate bound state among the continuous state of being embedded in that is on the atomic ionization threshold.Because its ionization rate and efficient are all very high, so the research of autoionization spectrum has caused showing great attention to of this research field.The present invention has proved the effect of this detection method through the experiment to multiple alkaline earth and rare earth autoionization spectrum.The concrete grammar of surveying comprises:
(1) be 10 in vacuum tightness
-4In the vacuum environment of Pa, to place the high purity metal (99.5%) of crucible to be heated to 580-630 degree centigrade temperature by the Joule heat method of resistance, atomic gas is to eject in the aperture of 2mm by the diameter above the crucible, through two apertures is 1cm, enter the zone of action at a distance of the diaphragm collimation for 10cm, the atomicity density of this moment is about 10
9Cm
-3
(2) excite with first dye laser of a Nd:YAG laser pumping and be in ground state ms
2 1S
0Atom arrive msmp
1P
1Attitude.
(3) further be excited on msnl to be measured (l=0, the 2) excited state with second dye laser of same Nd:YAG laser pumping and with atom, thereby prepare the sample of the highlyexcitedatom that is in multiple corresponding atomic state.When n=7-50, corresponding optical maser wavelength is between 750-420nm.In the experiment, need to change multiple different laser dye and could cover so wide scanning wave band fully, for example: utilize Stilbene 3 dyestuffs can cover the 415-445nm wave band; The Coumarin460 dyestuff can cover the 446-478nm wave band.
(4) be used as surveying light with the 3rd dye laser of same Nd:YAG laser pumping, atom is arrived mp by the further resonance excitation of msnl (l=0,2) Rydberg attitude
jOn nl (l=0,2 and j=3/2, the 1/2) autoionization state and ionization rapidly, thereby constituted high efficiency autoionization detection method.For the barium atom, the wavelength of laser instrument can be provided with in 455-457nm and these two scopes of 493-495nm, corresponds respectively to 6p
jJ=3/2 among the nl, 1/2 autoionization state, the Effect on Detecting that selection produced of these two kinds of wavelength is identical.
(5) when the first step and the 3rd step Wavelength of Laser when being separately fixed at above-mentioned wavelength, second step of scanning Wavelength of Laser, with metallic atom respectively layout to different msnl (l=0,2) above the Rydberg attitude.Three laser have been finished ms jointly to exciting successively of atom
2-msmp-msnl-mp
jThe isolated real excitation process of three steps of nl, thus realized surveying the purpose that is in the highlyexcitedatom on the msnl attitude.
(6) direction of control atomic beam and the direction quadrature of three beams of laser bundle, and make atomic beam be subjected to the irradiation successively of three beams of laser, the i.e. light pulse of second laser instrument is with respect to the optical pulse delay 8ns of first laser instrument, and the light pulse of the 3rd laser instrument is with respect to the optical pulse delay 10ns of second laser instrument.
(7) after all laser pulses finish fully, the impulse electric field that applies 200V by two parallel metal sheets that are positioned at atom and photon interaction zone just can be collected the ion that is produced by the autoionization process, makes its acceleration and arrives detector.Export the synchronous triggering pulse power with the pulse signal of Nd:YAG pumping laser, and make electric pulse with respect to optical pulse delay 500ns.
(8) utilize one to receive and amplify ion signal with all vertical microchannel plate (MCP) detector of laser beam and atomic beam direction.The effective aperture of detector is 2.5cm.Drive detector with direct supply, when operating voltage is 1.7kV, when collecting voltage and being 300V, its gain is about 10
6
(9) signal of being exported by detector still is impulse form, needs to become after the Boxcar sample averaging DC simulation signal.The digital signal that the process analog to digital conversion obtains is input to computing machine and shows in real time and analyzing and processing.
This detection method is applicable to all alkaline earth metal atoms.But selecting for the wavelength of different atom three beams of laser should be different.Such as: for magnesium atom, m=3.Three step excitation processes are: 3s
2-3s3p-3snl-3p
jNl, three corresponding Wavelength of Laser are respectively 285.3nm, 395-420nm and 280-285nm; For calcium atom, m=4.Three step excitation processes are: 4s
2-4s4p-4snl-4p
jNl, three corresponding Wavelength of Laser are respectively 423.7nm, 390-550nm and 390-410nm; For strontium atom, m=5.Three step excitation processes are: 5s
2-5s5p-5snl-5p
jNl, three corresponding Wavelength of Laser are respectively 460.9nm, 400-620nm and 420-455nm; For barium atom, m=6.Three step excitation processes are: 6s
2-6s6p-6snl-6p
jNl, three corresponding Wavelength of Laser are respectively 553.9nm, 420-750nm and 455-495nm.
Here be example only, specify the principle and the method for this detection method with the result of study of barium atom.
Example 1: survey the barium atom that is in the 6s17d attitude.
Fig. 1 has provided the barium atom 6p that measures among the present invention
1/2The spectrum of 17d autoionization state.The resonance peak of this autoionization state is positioned near the wavelength 493.7nm as shown in Figure 1.So, when detection is in atomic time on the 6snd highly excited level, only need be fixed on the 3rd step Wavelength of Laser near the 493.7nm, just can obtain the highest detection efficiency.
Example 2: survey the barium atom that is in a plurality of 6sns attitudes.
Fig. 2 has provided the measured a plurality of 6p of the present invention
1/2The spectrum of ns autoionization state, wherein n=10-20.So, as long as the photon energy of the 3rd step laser is fixed as 20250cm
-1Near (wavelength is 493.7nm), the highest just available detection efficiency detects the barium atom that is in many 6sns attitudes, wherein n=10-20.
It is worthy of note that usually autoionization state has bigger width, and reducing and increase with n.Therefore surveying the Rydberg atomic time, only need with the 3rd step excite light wavelength be fixed on above-mentioned wavelength near, the atom that all are on the 6snl attitude all obtains the better detection effect, thereby has overcome in the conventional direct sunshine ionization detection mode detection efficiency to the extremely sensitive shortcoming of optical maser wavelength.In a word, the present invention not only efficiently but also easy to use.
Example 3: the effect of surveying with autoionization detection and direct sunshine ionization compares.
Fig. 3 (a) and 3 (b) have provided the autoionization detection respectively and resulting Ba atom Rydberg spectrum is surveyed in direct sunshine ionization.Experiment finds that when adopting direct sunshine ionization, required laser intensity is tens times when adopting autoionization to survey.On the other hand, as can be seen from Figure 3, the detection efficiency of direct sunshine ionization increases with the energy of Rydberg attitude and reduces rapidly.When n＞30, direct sunshine ionization is surveyed substantially and was lost efficacy.And when surveying, can both provide high efficiency detection to all attitudes with the autoionization technology.Particularly be in atom on n value higher (n＞20) attitude for those, autoionization is surveyed has more obvious advantage.According to as above analyzing, survey the efficient of the highly excited level of atom with the autoionization detection method and survey much higher more than direct sunshine ionization.
Example 4: survey the barium atom that is in 6snl (l=0,2) attitude.
The present invention surveys to compare with electric field ionization also has remarkable advantages.It mainly shows in the detection than low excited state.If adopt electric field ionization detection method, then be not suitable for surveying lower Rydberg atom.The threshold value of electric field ionized atom is F ∝ n
-4* 10
9(V/cm).So desire is surveyed the atom that is on the very low Rydberg attitude, just must significantly improve electric field intensity.As shown in Figure 4, survey the minimum 6s8s attitude that records with autoionization.The field ionization (FI) threshold of this attitude is about the electric field intensity of 100kV/cm, and so high electric field intensity is to be difficult to realize under experiment condition.
Claims (9)
1, a kind of effective detecting method of alkaline earth metal atom is characterized in that may further comprise the steps:
(1) the Joule heat method by resistance will place the highly purified earth alkali metal of crucible to be heated to 580-630 degree centigrade in vacuum environment, making metal vapors is that the aperture of 1-2mm ejects from the diameter of crucible, makes metal vapors become the atomic beam of the depth of parallelism between the 8-12 degree through the collimation of two diaphragms;
(2) with first dye laser irradiated atoms bundle of a Nd:YAG laser pumping, and tuning its wavelength makes atom by ground state ms
21S
0Transit to msmp
1P
1Attitude;
(3) with second dye laser irradiated atoms bundle of same Nd:YAG laser pumping, and between 750-420nm its wavelength of scanning, with atom by msmp
1P
1Attitude is energized into the msnlRydberg attitude respectively, wherein: n=7-50, l=0 or 2 prepares the sample of the highlyexcitedatom that is in corresponding atomic state;
(4) with the 3rd dye laser irradiated atoms bundle of same Nd:YAG laser pumping, with atom from the further resonance excitation of msnl attitude to mp
3/2Nl autoionization state or mp
1/2The nl autoionization state;
(5) being 200V/cm with an electric field intensity, impulse electric field is collected the ion that is produced through the autoionization process, and is iontophoresis to a gain 10
6Microchannel plate (MCP) detector in receive and amplify;
(6) output signal of detector is input to respectively in an oscillograph and the Boxcar average integral device.The former is used for observation signal size and position, and the latter is 10-20 pulse signal sample averaging, pass through analog to digital conversion again after, be input in the computing machine and show in real time and analyzing and processing.
2, the effective detecting method of atom according to claim 1, the vacuum tightness that it is characterized in that the vacuum environment in the said step (1) is 10
-4Pa.
3, the effective detecting method of atom according to claim 1 and 2, the aperture that it is characterized in that two diaphragms in the said step (1) is 1cm, is 10cm apart.
4, the effective detecting method of alkaline earth metal atom according to claim 1, it is characterized in that in said step (2), (3) and (4), the light pulse of second laser instrument is with respect to the optical pulse delay 8ns of first laser instrument, and the light pulse of the 3rd laser instrument is with respect to the optical pulse delay 10ns of second laser instrument.
5, the effective detecting method of alkaline earth metal atom according to claim 1 is characterized in that in said step (2), (3) and (4) that first laser instrument parallels with the light beam of second laser instrument, from the front window incident of vacuum chamber; The light beam of the 3rd laser instrument and their antiparallels and window incident from behind; Three light beams are on same straight line, and are and perpendicular in the atomic beam direction.
6, the effective detecting method of alkaline earth metal atom according to claim 1, it is characterized in that in said step (2), (3) and (4), with the wavelength of a Nd:YAG laser instrument is first dye laser of two frequencys multiplication output pumping of 532nm, is that the frequency tripling of 355nm is exported second and the 3rd dye laser of pumping with the wavelength of same Nd:YAG laser instrument.
7,, it is characterized in that in the said step (4), the wavelength coverage of the 3rd dye laser is: 455-457nm or 493-495nm according to the effective detecting method of claim 1 or 6 described alkaline earth metal atoms.
8, the effective detecting method of alkaline earth metal atom according to claim 1, it is characterized in that in the said step (5), light pulse applies in the impulse electric field micro-channel plate detector that iontophoresis to a direction and laser beam and atomic beam is all vertical after finishing.The test surface diameter of detector is 2.5cm, and when operating voltage is 1.7Kv, when collecting voltage and being 300V, gain is about 10
6
9, according to the effective detecting method of claim 1 or 8 described alkaline earth metal atoms, it is characterized in that in said step (5) and (6), pulse with the Q-switch of Nd:YAG laser exports synchronous triggering oscillograph, Boxcar average integral device and the pulse power, and makes electric field pulse postpone 500ns with respect to laser pulse.
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|---|---|---|---|
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|---|---|---|---|
| CNB2006101300719A CN100543459C (en) | 2006-12-12 | 2006-12-12 | The effective detecting method of alkaline earth metal atom |
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| CN100543459C CN100543459C (en) | 2009-09-23 |
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Cited By (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN103616568A (en) * | 2013-12-07 | 2014-03-05 | 山西大学 | Microwave induction method and device based on Rydberg atoms |
| CN103616571A (en) * | 2013-12-07 | 2014-03-05 | 山西大学 | Electric field detection method and device based on stark effects of Rydberg atoms |
| CN104714110A (en) * | 2015-04-02 | 2015-06-17 | 山西大学 | Device and method for measuring high-frequency microwave field strength based on electromagnetic induction transparent effect |
| CN108519369A (en) * | 2018-04-08 | 2018-09-11 | 华中科技大学 | A kind of laser microprobe Enhancement Method and system based on multistage resonant excitation |
| CN109001170A (en) * | 2018-07-31 | 2018-12-14 | 核工业理化工程研究院 | A kind of space fluorescence spectrum measuring apparatus and method |
-
2006
- 2006-12-12 CN CNB2006101300719A patent/CN100543459C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Cited By (8)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN103616568A (en) * | 2013-12-07 | 2014-03-05 | 山西大学 | Microwave induction method and device based on Rydberg atoms |
| CN103616571A (en) * | 2013-12-07 | 2014-03-05 | 山西大学 | Electric field detection method and device based on stark effects of Rydberg atoms |
| CN103616568B (en) * | 2013-12-07 | 2016-01-20 | 山西大学 | Based on microwave induced method and the device of Rydberg atom |
| CN103616571B (en) * | 2013-12-07 | 2016-03-30 | 山西大学 | Based on electric field detecting method and the device of Rydberg atom Stark effect |
| CN104714110A (en) * | 2015-04-02 | 2015-06-17 | 山西大学 | Device and method for measuring high-frequency microwave field strength based on electromagnetic induction transparent effect |
| CN104714110B (en) * | 2015-04-02 | 2017-09-26 | 山西大学 | Apparatus and method based on the transparent effect measurement high-frequency microwave field strength of electromagnetically induced |
| CN108519369A (en) * | 2018-04-08 | 2018-09-11 | 华中科技大学 | A kind of laser microprobe Enhancement Method and system based on multistage resonant excitation |
| CN109001170A (en) * | 2018-07-31 | 2018-12-14 | 核工业理化工程研究院 | A kind of space fluorescence spectrum measuring apparatus and method |
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|---|---|
| CN100543459C (en) | 2009-09-23 |
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