CN1974465A - Process of preparing portland cement with waste ceramic tile polishing material - Google Patents
Process of preparing portland cement with waste ceramic tile polishing material Download PDFInfo
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- CN1974465A CN1974465A CNA2006101239918A CN200610123991A CN1974465A CN 1974465 A CN1974465 A CN 1974465A CN A2006101239918 A CNA2006101239918 A CN A2006101239918A CN 200610123991 A CN200610123991 A CN 200610123991A CN 1974465 A CN1974465 A CN 1974465A
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- ceramic tile
- waste ceramic
- tile polishing
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B7/00—Hydraulic cements
- C04B7/02—Portland cement
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B7/00—Hydraulic cements
- C04B7/24—Cements from oil shales, residues or waste other than slag
- C04B7/246—Cements from oil shales, residues or waste other than slag from waste building materials, e.g. waste asbestos-cement products, demolition waste
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B7/00—Hydraulic cements
- C04B7/36—Manufacture of hydraulic cements in general
- C04B7/48—Clinker treatment
- C04B7/52—Grinding ; After-treatment of ground cement
- C04B7/527—Grinding ; After-treatment of ground cement obtaining cements characterised by fineness, e.g. by multi-modal particle size distribution
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P40/00—Technologies relating to the processing of minerals
- Y02P40/10—Production of cement, e.g. improving or optimising the production methods; Cement grinding
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Structural Engineering (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Processing Of Solid Wastes (AREA)
Abstract
The present invention discloses process of preparing Portland cement with waste ceramic tile polishing material. Portland cement clinker in 77-84 wt%, setting retarder gypsum in 3-6 wt% and mixed material in 10-20 wt% are mixed and ball milled in a ball mill to form Portland cement of specific surface area 350 sq m/kg, where the mixed material comprising waste ceramic tile polishing material of 3-6 wt%, mineral slag of 4-8 wt% and flyash of 3-6 wt%. Using waste ceramic tile polishing material as partial material for Portland cement can dispose waste, save resource and raise production efficiency.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to the preparing technical field of cement, specifically be meant a kind of method of utilizing waste ceramic tile polishing material to prepare silicate cement.
Background technology
Foshan is maximum architectural pottery production base, the whole nation, the annual at present waste ceramic tile polishing material (siccative) that produces 1,300,000 tons approximately, pollute very serious to surrounding environment, and the polished tile waste material is handled and the comprehensive utilization of resources degree is lower, adopt the way of landfill mostly, cause a large amount of waste materials to tie up the arable land, water and air is polluted.
From chemical ingredients, the polished tile waste material mainly is the oxide compound of silicon, calcium and aluminium, the impurity such as flocculation agent that add when containing the oxide compound, silicon carbide of small amount of potassium, sodium and magnesium and sewage disposal, because it is through the waste material of 1200 ℃ of left and right sides high temperature sinterings based on silicate minerals, so have certain activity.Test-results shows, but both raw clay of instead of part silicate cement production usefulness of polished tile waste material can be used as the mixing material of silicate cement again, is applied in the silicate cement industry, prepares qualified silicate cement.The essence of Portland clinker is the multielement compound with specific composition, satisfy in optimization before the raw ingredients of Portland clinker composition, seek cheap starting material or comprehensive utilization industrial solid wastes, prepare silicate cement by special process and optimization proportioning, not only save natural resource, reduce production costs, and comprehensive utilization of resources solid waste, promote Cement industry to produce the megatrend that adapts to the related industries ecology, improve enterprise competitiveness simultaneously.
China's Cement industry occupy consequence in building material industry, yet Cement industry is one of huge industry of china natural resources energy consumption, annual about 600,000,000 tons of Wingdales and 100,000,000 tons of clays of consuming, and the overwhelming majority is the fine natural matter, thereby brought natural resource shortage, farmland to plough and go to pot and the contaminated problem of ecotope, made China's Cement industry be difficult to Sustainable development.The present invention has not only widened the required starting material of Cement industry production and has chosen approach; both found the technological approaches of a comprehensive utilization of resources for the ceramic polished brick field of China; reduced of the pollution of ceramic industry waste material again to ecotope; and natural resource such as clay have been saved; protected the arable land, farmland; improved ecotope, had great importance promoting China's sustainable development of cement industry.
In order to solve the deficiencies in the prior art part; the objective of the invention is to provides a kind of method of utilizing waste ceramic tile polishing material to prepare silicate cement for the resource utilization development and use of waste ceramic tile polishing material; this method both can be through suitable processing as the silicate cement mixing material; but part substitute for clay raw material firing silicate cement clinker again; prepare qualified silicate cement; thereby help the resources conservation comprehensive utilization, turn waste into wealth, protect farmland and ecotope.Concrete technological approaches of the present invention comprises waste material pre-treatment, feed proportioning, raw material preparation, grog burns till and cement such as makes at technological process.
The objective of the invention is to realize by following technical solution: a kind of method of utilizing waste ceramic tile polishing material to prepare silicate cement comprises the steps: that Portland clinker, retardant gypsum and compound blended material are added grinding machine to grind together and become specific surface area and reach 350m
2The ordinary Portland cement that/kg is above; Described material proportion is as follows by weight percentage: Portland clinker 77%～84%, retardant gypsum 3%～6% and compound blended material 10%～20%; Wherein compound blended material comprises following composition: waste ceramic tile polishing material 3%～6%, slag 4%～8%, flyash 3%～6%.
Described Portland clinker is prepared from as follows:
Replace 25% left and right sides raw clay to prepare Portland clinker pretreated waste ceramic tile polishing material: with waste ceramic tile polishing material: Wingdale: clay: ferro-controlling raw material: fluorite: phosphogypsum: hard coal is by 2.0～3.0: 75～77: 4.5～5.8: 3.0～3.2: 0.7～0.9: 2.0～3.0: 11～13 part by weight is made the uniform cement slurry of composition, control cement slurry saturation ratio KH is 0.91～0.94, silica modulus N be 1.90～2.05 and aluminium-oxygen modulus P be 1.4～1.6, it is 6～15 millimeters pellet that raw material are made particle diameter through pan-pelletizer, is fired into Portland clinker on the machine shaft kiln.
Described compound blended material also can be prepared from as follows:
Pretreated waste ceramic tile polishing material instead of part blended material is prepared compound blended material: by waste ceramic tile polishing material: slag: flyash is 3%～6%: 3%～6%: 4%～8% weight percent proportioning, make compound blended material after the mixing.
In order better to realize the present invention, the pre-treatment of described waste ceramic tile polishing material is carried out as follows: earlier waste ceramic tile polishing material is dried to containing the waste material of 20% moisture content approximately, fine ground in roll squeezer then, sieve and remove bulk or fibrous impurity gets final product, make it to become a kind of non-caked, flowability and homogeneity powder preferably.
Experimental study and production practice find, if waste ceramic tile polishing material, exists transportation, storage, feeding difficulty without pre-treatment and problem such as is difficult for mixing, thereby influence manufacture of cement efficient and quality product.Waste ceramic tile polishing material adds grinding machine after pre-treatment, not only solved the problems referred to above, and need not add grinding aid, and mill output is increased.As show the chemical ingredients that 1-1 is depicted as raw material; As show the technical analysis that 1-2 is depicted as fuel.
Content range is as follows by weight percentage for the chemical ingredients of table 1-1 raw material:
| Burn and lose | SiO 2 | Al 2O 3 | Fe 2O 3 | CaO | MgO | SO 3 | K 2O+Na 2O | Add up to | |
| Lime stone gangue iron powder fluorite coal ash ardealite polishing powder raw material | 40.21 9.65 11.45 2.03 19.63 8.47 37～ 38 | 4.99 59.51 27.81 41.14 58.42 9.4 64.15 12～ 13 | 1.19 19.04 9.56 25.65 0.22 15.74 3.5～3.8 | 0.53 6.47 43.98 7.32 0.06 1.07 2.4～2.6 | 50.62 0.68 3.26 0.83 1.90 30.26 1.5 38～ 40 | 1.13 1.09 1.26 1.61 0.48 3.11 1.0～1.2 | 0.61 0.26 0.26 0.62 37.25 0.28 1.1～1.4 | Insolubles 8.26 1.9+3.2 | 99.29 96.72 97.58 91.78 95.53 94.32 |
The technical analysis (each constituent mass % and calorific value KJ/kg) of table 1-2 fuel:
| Moisture content | Ash | Fugitive constituent | Fixed carbon | Calorific value | |
| Hard coal | 1.0～1.1 | 38～39 | 6～7 | 53～55 | 20880～20890 |
The present invention compared with prior art has following advantage and beneficial effect:
1, shows through experiment and technological improvement result of study, adopt waste ceramic tile polishing material to make the ordinary Portland cement blended material, but both disposal of commercial waste material, can save natural resource again, also can enhance productivity, cement product quality is not had harmful effect, in addition can improve some performance such as grout build performance etc. by laying bricks or stones.Mix the back with slag, fine coal etc. by suitable proportion and become compound blended material, the adding grinding machine grinds with Portland clinker, gypsum, does not need to add in addition grinding aid, helps improving mill output.The contrast of silicate cement physicals is as shown in table 2.
2, with waste ceramic tile polishing material part substitute for clay raw material firing silicate cement clinker.Test-results shows, when the raw clay that replaces about 25%, adds 2% phosphogypsum simultaneously when making mineralizer, after 40 minutes, reduces to 1.8～2.0% with glycerine-Ethanol Method analysis f-CaO content in 1300 ℃ of calcinings of high-temperature electric resistance furnace; Behind 1380 ℃ of calcining 1h, color of clinker is very black, and f-CaO content reduces to 0.6%.The XRD analysis of 1300 ℃ of calcining samples shows not had the f-CaO characteristic peak, C
3S and C
2S content higher (comparing) with blank sample.Chlorine, potassium, sodium, Mg content are than other raw material height of cement in the polished tile waste material, and particle is tiny crystalline aluminosilicate mineral mostly, the potassium, soda oxide compound and the MgO that contain trace in the cement slurry of replacement part raw clay preparation, play a part to increase amount of liquid phase, reduce the solid phase eutectic point and reduce the Portland clinker firing temperature, help promoting burning till of Portland clinker.
Table 2 adds waste ceramic tile polishing material and does the cement physical properties contrast of blended material front and back
| Stability | Fineness (%) | Specific surface area (m 2/kg) | Standard consistency needs water (%) | Time of coagulation (h:min) | Ultimate compression strength (MPa) | Folding strength (MPa) | ||||
| Initial set | Final set | 3d | 28d | 3d | 28d | |||||
| After adding the preceding adding of waste material waste material | Qualified | 3.5 3.7 | 323 335 | 25.6 25.7 | 5:29 5:10 | 6:21 6:10 | 21.0 20.5 | 41.8 40.70 | 4.71 4.60 | 7.86 7.66 |
3, adopt the present invention to dispose waste ceramic tile polishing material, produce 4000 tons of calculating of cement present every day, then can handle the waste ceramic tile polishing material about 260 tons every day with Shi Jing cement mill, Guangzhou.
4, the technological approaches that has found a comprehensive utilization ceramic industry waste material for China's building ceramic polishing brick field of applying of the present invention; not only reduced of the pollution of ceramic industry waste material to ecotope; and resources such as natural clay have been saved; protected the farmland; improved ecotope; thereby have tangible society, economy and environmental benefit, the pattern that solves architectural pottery industrial waste problem of environment pollution caused and the industry of development resource saving type eco-cement has been shown very good prospect.
Embodiment
The present invention is described in further detail below in conjunction with embodiment, but embodiments of the present invention are not limited thereto.
Embodiment 1
Utilize waste ceramic tile polishing material to prepare the method for silicate cement, comprise the steps:
(1) pre-treatment of waste ceramic tile polishing material: will ship through drying the waste ceramic tile polishing material that contains 20% moisture content approximately from ceramic polished brick field earlier, fine ground in the equipment of roll squeezer, sieve then and remove bulk or fibrous impurity, make it to become a kind of non-caked, flowability and homogeneity powder preferably.
(2) with waste ceramic tile polishing material set by step (1) carry out pre-treatment, make it to become a kind of non-caked, flowability and homogeneity be powder preferably, replace about 25% raw clay batching, with waste ceramic tile polishing material: Wingdale: clay: ferro-controlling raw material: fluorite: phosphogypsum: hard coal was by 2.5: 76.0: 5.2: 3.1: 0.8: 2.5: 12 part by weight is made cement slurry, control cement slurry saturation ratio KH is 0.91～0.94, silica modulus N be 1.90～2.05 and aluminium-oxygen modulus P be 1.4～1.6, it is 6～15 millimeters pellet that raw material are made particle diameter through pan-pelletizer, firing silicate cement clinker on the machine shaft kiln in Shi Jing cement mill, Guangzhou, the composition and the physicals of obtained Portland clinker are as shown in table 3.
The chemical constitution of table 3 firing silicate cement clinker and physicals
| Chemical Composition (%) | Physicals | ||||||||||||
| SiO 2 | Al 2O 3 | Fe 2O 3 | CaO | MgO | f-CaO | Stability | Initial set min | Final set min | Specific surface (m 2/kg) | 3d intensity MPa | 28d intensity MPa | ||
| Anti-folding | Resistance to compression | Anti-folding | Resistance to compression | ||||||||||
| 20.53 | 6.32 | 4.25 | 65.25 | 1.52 | 1.90 | Qualified | 220 | 300 | 366 | 5.1 | 26.0 | 7.7 | 57.0 |
(3) pretreated waste ceramic tile polishing material and slag, flyash are mixed into compound blended material, its ratio is a waste ceramic tile polishing material: slag: flyash is 4.5%: 6%: 4.5% (weight percent); Adding Portland clinker that grinding machine fires with (2) set by step and gypsum is ground to specific surface area and reaches 350m
2The silicate cement that/kg is above, the composition and the physicals of prepared silicate cement are as shown in table 4.Its proportioning is a Portland clinker: gypsum: compound blended material is 80.5%: 4.5%: 15% (weight percent).
The composition and the physicals of table 4 preparation ordinary Portland cement
| Chemical Composition (%) | Physicals | ||||||||||
| Loss on ignition | SO 3 | MgO | R 2O | Stability | Initial set min | Final set min | Specific surface (m 2/kg) | 3d intensity MPa | 28d intensity MPa | ||
| Anti-folding | Resistance to compression | Anti-folding | Resistance to compression | ||||||||
| 2.30 | 2.42 | 2.0 | 0.8 | Qualified | 220 | 300 | 362 | 5.7 | 29.4 | 8.4 | 56.5 |
Embodiment 2
Utilize waste ceramic tile polishing material to prepare the method for silicate cement, comprise the steps:
(1) pre-treatment of waste ceramic tile polishing material: will ship through drying the waste ceramic tile polishing material that contains 20% moisture content approximately from ceramic polished brick field earlier, fine ground in the equipment of roll squeezer, sieve then and remove bulk or fibrous impurity, make it to become a kind of non-caked, flowability and homogeneity powder preferably.
(2) with the pre-treatment waste ceramic tile polishing material as previously mentioned method replace 25% raw clay, with waste ceramic tile polishing material: Wingdale: clay: ferro-controlling raw material: fluorite: phosphogypsum: hard coal was by 2.0: 75.0: 4.5: 3.0: 0.7: 2.0: 11 part by weight is made cement slurry, control cement slurry saturation ratio KH is 0.91～0.94, silica modulus N be 1.90～2.05 and aluminium-oxygen modulus P be 1.4～1.6, it is 6～15 millimeters pellet that raw material are made particle diameter through pan-pelletizer, firing silicate cement clinker on the machine shaft kiln in Shi Jing cement mill, Guangzhou, fire to such an extent that the composition and the physicals of Portland clinker is as shown in table 5.
Table 5 makes the composition and the physicals of Portland clinker
| Chemical Composition (%) | Physicals | ||||||||||||
| SiO 2 | Al 2O 3 | Fe 2O 3 | CaO | MgO | f-CaO | Stability | Initial set min | Final set min | Specific surface (m 2/kg) | 3d intensity MPa | 28d intensity MPa | ||
| Anti-folding | Resistance to compression | Anti-folding | Resistance to compression | ||||||||||
| 20.01 | 5.99 | 3.98 | 64.35 | 1.45 | 1.83 | Qualified | 230 | 310 | 364 | 5.0 | 25.8 | 7.6 | 56.8 |
(3) pretreated waste ceramic tile polishing material and slag, flyash are mixed into compound blended material, its proportioning is a waste ceramic tile polishing material: slag: flyash is 3%: 4%: 3% (weight percent); Adding Portland clinker that grinding machine fires with (2) set by step and gypsum is ground to specific surface area and reaches 350m
2The silicate cement that/kg is above, the composition and the physicals of obtained silicate cement are as shown in table 6.Its proportioning is a Portland clinker: gypsum: compound blended material is 84%: 6%: 10% (weight percent).
The composition and the physicals of table 6 preparation ordinary Portland cement
| Chemical Composition (%) | Physicals | ||||||||||
| Loss on ignition | SO 3 | MgO | R 2O | Stability | Initial set min | Final set min | Specific surface (m 2/kg) | 3d intensity MPa | 28d intensity MPa | ||
| Anti-folding | Resistance to compression | Anti-folding | Resistance to compression | ||||||||
| 3.70 | 2.19 | 2.1 | 0.6 | Qualified | 250 | 340 | 356 | 4.8 | 22.4 | 7.7 | 46.5 |
Embodiment 3
Utilize waste ceramic tile polishing material to prepare the method for silicate cement, comprise the steps:
(1) pre-treatment of waste ceramic tile polishing material: will ship through drying the waste ceramic tile polishing material that contains 20% moisture content approximately from ceramic polished brick field earlier, earlier fine ground in the equipment of roll squeezer, sieve and remove bulk or fibrous impurity, make it to become a kind of non-caked, flowability and homogeneity powder preferably.
(2) with the pre-treatment waste ceramic tile polishing material as previously mentioned method replace 25% raw clay, with waste ceramic tile polishing material: Wingdale: clay: ferro-controlling raw material: fluorite: phosphogypsum: hard coal was by 3.0: 77: 5.8: 3.2: 0.9: 3.0: 13 part by weight is made cement slurry, control cement slurry saturation ratio KH is 0.91～0.94, silica modulus N be 1.90～2.05 and aluminium-oxygen modulus P be 1.4～1.6, it is 6～15 millimeters pellet that raw material are made particle diameter through pan-pelletizer, firing silicate cement clinker on the machine shaft kiln in Shi Jing cement mill, Guangzhou.
(3) pretreated waste ceramic tile polishing material is mixed the back with slag, flyash and form compound blended material, its proportioning is a waste ceramic tile polishing material: slag: flyash is 6%: 6%: 8% (weight percent); Adding Portland clinker that grinding machine fires with (2) set by step and gypsum is ground to specific surface area and reaches 350m
2The silicate cement that/kg is above, the composition and the physicals of obtained silicate cement are as shown in table 7.Its proportioning is a Portland clinker: gypsum: compound blended material is 77%: 3%: 20% (weight percent).
The composition and the physicals of table 7 preparation ordinary Portland cement
| Chemical Composition (%) | Physicals | ||||||||||
| Loss on ignition | SO 3 | MgO | R 2O | Stability | Initial set min | Final set min | Specific surface (m 2/kg) | 3d intensity MPa | 28d intensity MPa | ||
| Anti-folding | Resistance to compression | Anti-folding | Resistance to compression | ||||||||
| 2.30 | 2.42 | 2.0 | 0.8 | Qualified | 298 | 366 | 386 | 4.7 | 21.5 | 7.8 | 48.8 |
The foregoing description is a preferred implementation of the present invention; but embodiments of the present invention are not restricted to the described embodiments; other any do not deviate from change, the modification done under spirit of the present invention and the principle, substitutes, combination, simplify; all should be the substitute mode of equivalence, be included within protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (4)
1, a kind of method of utilizing waste ceramic tile polishing material to prepare silicate cement is characterized in that comprising the steps: that Portland clinker, retardant gypsum and compound blended material are added grinding machine to grind together and become specific surface area and reach 350m
2The ordinary Portland cement that/kg is above; Described proportioning raw materials is as follows by weight percentage: Portland clinker 77%～84%, retardant gypsum 3%～6% and compound blended material 10%～20%; Wherein compound blended material comprises following composition: waste ceramic tile polishing material 3%～6%, slag 4%～8%, flyash 3%～6%.
2, a kind of method of utilizing waste ceramic tile polishing material to prepare silicate cement according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: described Portland clinker is prepared from as follows:
With waste ceramic tile polishing material: Wingdale: clay: ferro-controlling raw material: fluorite: phosphogypsum: hard coal is by 2.0～3.0: 75～77: 4.5～5.8: 3.0～3.2: 0.7～0.9: 2.0～3.0: 11～13 part by weight is made the uniform cement slurry of composition, control cement slurry saturation ratio KH is 0.91～0.94, silica modulus N be 1.90～2.05 and aluminium-oxygen modulus P be 1.4～1.6, it is 6～15 millimeters pellet that raw material are made particle diameter through pan-pelletizer, is fired into Portland clinker on the machine shaft kiln.
3, a kind of method of utilizing waste ceramic tile polishing material to prepare silicate cement according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: described compound blended material is prepared from as follows: by waste ceramic tile polishing material: slag: flyash is 3%～6%: 3%～6%: 4%～8% weight percent proportioning, make compound blended material after the mixing.
4, a kind of method of utilizing waste ceramic tile polishing material to prepare silicate cement according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: the pre-treatment of described waste ceramic tile polishing material is carried out as follows: earlier waste ceramic tile polishing material is dried to containing the waste material of 20% moisture content, fine ground in roll squeezer then, sieve and remove bulk or fibrous impurity.
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| CN104446510A (en) * | 2014-11-25 | 2015-03-25 | 广州市翔龙环保科技有限公司 | Preparation method and utilization of ceramic tile silica powder |
| CN104710118A (en) * | 2015-03-25 | 2015-06-17 | 淄博环亿资源综合利用有限公司 | Filling material based on ceramic tile polishing mud and building waste and preparation method of filling material. |
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| CN1644548A (en) * | 2004-12-21 | 2005-07-27 | 吴锦锋 | Composite silicate cement with waste ceramic and its production thereof |
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| CN104446510A (en) * | 2014-11-25 | 2015-03-25 | 广州市翔龙环保科技有限公司 | Preparation method and utilization of ceramic tile silica powder |
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| CN111018375A (en) * | 2019-12-24 | 2020-04-17 | 山东永正水泥有限公司 | Composite portland cement and preparation method thereof |
| US11795105B2 (en) | 2020-07-21 | 2023-10-24 | Vhsc, Ltd. | Mixed landfill and pond coal combustion byproducts (CCBs) and related techniques |
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