CN1971773A - Cryostat heat influx reduction - Google Patents

Cryostat heat influx reduction Download PDF

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Publication number
CN1971773A
CN1971773A CNA2006101433424A CN200610143342A CN1971773A CN 1971773 A CN1971773 A CN 1971773A CN A2006101433424 A CNA2006101433424 A CN A2006101433424A CN 200610143342 A CN200610143342 A CN 200610143342A CN 1971773 A CN1971773 A CN 1971773A
Authority
CN
China
Prior art keywords
steam supply
cryostat
supply head
temperature
low
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Pending
Application number
CNA2006101433424A
Other languages
Chinese (zh)
Inventor
N·胡伯
H·潘
P·W·雷茨
S·P·特罗维尔
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Siemens AG
Siemens Magnet Technology Ltd
Original Assignee
Siemens AG
Siemens Magnet Technology Ltd
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Siemens AG, Siemens Magnet Technology Ltd filed Critical Siemens AG
Publication of CN1971773A publication Critical patent/CN1971773A/en
Pending legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C13/00—Details of vessels or of the filling or discharging of vessels
    • F17C13/005—Details of vessels or of the filling or discharging of vessels for medium-size and small storage vessels not under pressure
    • F17C13/006—Details of vessels or of the filling or discharging of vessels for medium-size and small storage vessels not under pressure for Dewar vessels or cryostats
    • F17C13/007—Details of vessels or of the filling or discharging of vessels for medium-size and small storage vessels not under pressure for Dewar vessels or cryostats used for superconducting phenomena
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C3/00—Vessels not under pressure
    • F17C3/02—Vessels not under pressure with provision for thermal insulation
    • F17C3/08—Vessels not under pressure with provision for thermal insulation by vacuum spaces, e.g. Dewar flask
    • F17C3/085—Cryostats
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C13/00—Details of vessels or of the filling or discharging of vessels
    • F17C13/005—Details of vessels or of the filling or discharging of vessels for medium-size and small storage vessels not under pressure
    • F17C13/006—Details of vessels or of the filling or discharging of vessels for medium-size and small storage vessels not under pressure for Dewar vessels or cryostats
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2205/00—Vessel construction, in particular mounting arrangements, attachments or identifications means
    • F17C2205/03—Fluid connections, filters, valves, closure means or other attachments
    • F17C2205/0302—Fittings, valves, filters, or components in connection with the gas storage device
    • F17C2205/0352—Pipes
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2223/00—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel
    • F17C2223/01—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel characterised by the phase
    • F17C2223/0146—Two-phase
    • F17C2223/0153—Liquefied gas, e.g. LPG, GPL
    • F17C2223/0161—Liquefied gas, e.g. LPG, GPL cryogenic, e.g. LNG, GNL, PLNG
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2223/00—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel
    • F17C2223/03—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel characterised by the pressure level
    • F17C2223/033—Small pressure, e.g. for liquefied gas
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2227/00—Transfer of fluids, i.e. method or means for transferring the fluid; Heat exchange with the fluid
    • F17C2227/03—Heat exchange with the fluid
    • F17C2227/0337—Heat exchange with the fluid by cooling
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2227/00—Transfer of fluids, i.e. method or means for transferring the fluid; Heat exchange with the fluid
    • F17C2227/03—Heat exchange with the fluid
    • F17C2227/0367—Localisation of heat exchange
    • F17C2227/0369—Localisation of heat exchange in or on a vessel
    • F17C2227/0372—Localisation of heat exchange in or on a vessel in the gas
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2265/00—Effects achieved by gas storage or gas handling
    • F17C2265/03—Treating the boil-off
    • F17C2265/032—Treating the boil-off by recovery
    • F17C2265/033—Treating the boil-off by recovery with cooling
    • F17C2265/034—Treating the boil-off by recovery with cooling with condensing the gas phase
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2270/00—Applications
    • F17C2270/05—Applications for industrial use
    • F17C2270/0527—Superconductors
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
    • G01R33/00—Arrangements or instruments for measuring magnetic variables
    • G01R33/20—Arrangements or instruments for measuring magnetic variables involving magnetic resonance
    • G01R33/28—Details of apparatus provided for in groups G01R33/44 - G01R33/64
    • G01R33/38—Systems for generation, homogenisation or stabilisation of the main or gradient magnetic field
    • G01R33/3804—Additional hardware for cooling or heating of the magnet assembly, for housing a cooled or heated part of the magnet assembly or for temperature control of the magnet assembly
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
    • H01F6/00—Superconducting magnets; Superconducting coils
    • H01F6/04—Cooling

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Containers, Films, And Cooling For Superconductive Devices (AREA)
  • Magnetic Resonance Imaging Apparatus (AREA)

Abstract

A cryostat has a liquid cryogen and a gaseous atmosphere composed of gas boiled off from the liquid cryogen. The cryostat vessel has a non-vertical re-entrant turret, the lower end of which has a horizontal surface at the boundary between the lower end of the re-entrant turret and the gaseous atmosphere within the cryostat. The horizontal surface may be provided by an associated baffle at the lower end of the turret. The baffle is configured to form a horizontal surface at the boundary between the lower end of the baffle and the gaseous atmosphere within the cryostat.

Description

The minimizing that heat by turnover steam supply head flows into
Technical field
The present invention relates to cryostat, particularly comprise liquid refrigerant and the cryostat of the gas atmosphere that the gas that produced by liquid refrigerant vaporization constitutes, described cryostat comprises non-perpendicular concave type steam supply head (re-entrant turret).By completely or partially immersing in the cryogen, such cryostat is used to keep the superconduction magnet exciting coil to be in superconducting temperature.Usually, described cryogen is under the temperature of about 4K vaporization to take place and the magnet exciting coil that keeps immersing is in the liquid helium of this temperature.Such superconduction magnet exciting coil typically is used to produce very strong magnetic field in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) or nulcear magnetic resonance (NMR) (NMR) imaging.
Background technology
Needed is that the heat inflow that will enter into cryostat from the steam supply head reduces to minimum.Heat flows into and will cause cold-producing medium to be vaporized.This cold-producing medium that vaporization takes place must or pass through active refrigeration and condensation again, or is discharged from and regularly replenishes.These two kinds optional mode costs are all higher, and must enter in order to minimizing in research and development and drop into huge energy aspect the device that the heat in the low-temperature (low temperature) vessel flows into.What the present invention solved is that the heat that reduces in low-temperature (low temperature) vessel flows into this problem.
By making electric current make the magnet exciting coil energising by the steam supply head member.So just in the steam supply head, produce tangible heat, temporarily increased the heat flux that enters in the low-temperature (low temperature) vessel thus.The intensification gas of Chan Shenging has and helps magnet produces chilling in galvanization risk in this way.
The heat that the present invention will enter the low-temperature (low temperature) vessel from the transmission of steam supply head in galvanization reduces to minimum, reduces the risk that magnet produces chilling thus.
Fig. 1 schematically shows a kind of cryostat of routine.It is indoor that low-temperature (low temperature) vessel 10 is maintained at external vacuum usually, and heat shield and the solid heat guard that may also have are set in the vacuum space between low-temperature (low temperature) vessel and the outer vacuum container.Described outer vacuum container, heat shield and solid heat guard itself are known, and not shown in Fig. 1.
In order electric current to be injected the magnet exciting coil (not shown) be housed in the low-temperature (low temperature) vessel and, steam supply head 12 to be set traditionally, be used to carry out refrigerant charging and discharge thereby allow to enter low-temperature (low temperature) vessel for some other possible purpose.Steam supply head 12 is substantially the continuous tube element that extends to low-temperature (low temperature) vessel from the cryostat outside.This is a heat passage that carries out in low-temperature (low temperature) vessel the most tangible.Typically can adopt for example refrigeration of the activity by the steam supply head and have the application of material in the steam supply head structure of lower thermal conductivity of multiple technologies, thereby the heat that reduces by the steam supply head flows into.In addition, known is to increase the length that enters pipe outside strict necessary scope, so that further benefit from the lower thermal conductivity of steam supply head material.Increase too much for fear of the cryostat whole height, these steam supply heads can be arranged to concave type steam supply head, just, the lower end of described steam supply head extend in the low-temperature (low temperature) vessel, rather than stops in the low-temperature (low temperature) vessel surface.In order further to reduce the whole height of cryostat, described steam supply head can be with respect to the vertical direction certain angle that tilts.Steam supply head 12 shown in Fig. 1 is exactly a kind of non-perpendicular concave type steam supply head.
Exist the two kinds of heats that can consider to flow into situation.They are respectively that static heat flows into and dynamically heat inflow.It is the state that the normal operation of a kind of system is produced that static heat flows into.Dynamically the heat inflow is a kind of state that is produced in magnet exciting coil energising (electric current rising) process.Under current intelligence, electric current is conducted the material by the steam supply head, causes the steam supply head to be heated and produces the bog that heats up.The present invention is particularly useful for dynamic heat flows into.
In the magnet current elevation process, the steam supply head is the most important calorie source that enters in the low-temperature (low temperature) vessel.For fixed current lead steam supply head, it is hotter relatively that the steam supply head surface becomes, and for example temperature is about 150K, and this is because the material of steam supply head is used as due to the Ampereconductors.This heat known by the steam supply head surface radiation and be transferred to the superconduction magnet exciting coil that is housed in the cryostat by the convection action in the gas in the low-temperature (low temperature) vessel by the convection action of cryogenic gas in ampere wires conduction and the steam supply head.This is problematic for the superconduction magnet exciting coil that only partly immerses in the liquid refrigerant particularly.
The present inventor has recognized that other pattern of carrying out heat transfer from the steam supply head to low-temperature (low temperature) vessel as shown in Figure 1.Low-temperature (low temperature) vessel shown in Figure 1 comprises typically just cylindrical steam supply head 12.This steam supply head is non-perpendicular and concave type.With 17 planes, lower end of concave type steam supply head and the angle mark between the horizontal plane is θ. Convectional circulation 14,16 circulates in the bottom of steam supply head 12, and transporting low temperature gas contacts with the heating surface of steam supply head 12, directly enters then in the gas atmosphere 18 of low-temperature (low temperature) vessel 10.This effect is called the reverse flow effect and is due to heat density by the gas that forms free convection changes.The θ angle is big more, and the reverse flow effect is strong more.Even when the pressure P in the low-temperature (low temperature) vessel 2 during greater than its outside pressure P 1, this reverse flow convection current can take place also.For for the steam supply head 12 of all non-perpendicular fixed current leads that have malleation in the low-temperature (low temperature) vessel, reverse flow 14 from steam supply head bottom is opposite with the main gas flow 20 that is produced by liquid refrigerant 22 vaporizations, and hot gas is injected in the low-temperature (low temperature) vessel.
Summary of the invention
Do not introducing too much cryogenic gas or magnet exciting coil, do not considering under the condition of temperature of reverse flow heating effect, the big electric current steam supply head that may possibility produce the fixed current lead, for example those are designed in order to the steam supply head of transmission greater than the electric currents of 700 peaces.The invention solves reverse flow 14 problems and propose improvement to cryostat in order to reduce the generation and the reverse flow effect of reverse flow 14.
Therefore, the invention provides the cryostat of the gas atmosphere that a kind of gas that comprises liquid refrigerant and produced by liquid refrigerant vaporization constitutes, described cryostat comprises non-perpendicular concave type steam supply head.The lower end of concave type steam supply head is configured so that to form the surface of level substantially at the interface between the gas atmosphere in concave type steam supply head lower end and cryostat.Can provide suitable barrier body that the surface of described level substantially is set by lower end at concave type steam supply head.
Description of drawings
In conjunction with the accompanying drawings, some embodiment that only provide by way of example by reference are described above and other purpose of the present invention, feature and advantage, in described accompanying drawing:
Fig. 1 shows a kind of conventional low-temperature (low temperature) vessel that comprises non-perpendicular concave type steam supply head; With
Fig. 2 shows a kind of low-temperature (low temperature) vessel that comprises according to non-perpendicular concave type steam supply head of the present invention.
Embodiment
Fig. 2 shows the minimized example of reverse flow that makes according to an embodiment of the invention.According to the present invention, the lower end of concave type steam supply head is configured so that to form the surface 32 of level substantially at the interface between the gas atmosphere 18 of steam supply head 12 and low-temperature (low temperature) vessel 10, thereby the θ angle is reduced to minimum.In the illustrated embodiment, this realizes by barrier body 30 is set at 17 places, steam supply head 12 lower ends.Barrier body 30 is configured so that to form the surface 32 of level substantially at the interface between the gas atmosphere 18 of steam supply head 12 and low-temperature (low temperature) vessel 10, thereby the θ angle is reduced to minimum.
By using a kind of like this steam supply head, use the barrier body alternatively, make steam supply head 12 can enter low-temperature (low temperature) vessel 10, thereby match with the design of whole cryostat with the certain angle except that vertical direction.This is a potentially useful for the steam supply head that needn't vertically be assemblied in the top, and particularly useful for use is assemblied in the cryostat of steam supply head of side.
Carry out the computational fluid dynamics modeling by electric current rising state, the reverse flow effect is predicted the conventional cryogenic thermostat apparatus that is used to keep superconducting magnet. Reverse flow effect 14,16 has been shown with the intensification of explanation, and the gas temperature measuring result that described prediction obtains is near consistent on conventional cryogenic thermostat apparatus at place, container 10 tops cryogenic gas 18.The present invention has been illustrated in order to reducing reverse flow considerably, thereby avoids producing in low-temperature (low temperature) vessel high temperature.
The invention provides at least some advantages in the following advantage.
Surface 32 by the level substantially that is positioned at 17 places, steam supply head 12 lower ends makes reverse flow reduce to minimum, has reduced the heat that enters in the cryogenic gas atmosphere thus and has flowed into.
Reduced the magnet that is installed in the cryostat with the steam supply head that assembles produces chilling non-perpendicularly in galvanization risk.
Other design of big electric current that need be relevant with non-perpendicular steam supply head must comprise the consideration of reverse flow and will be benefited from application of the present invention, thereby make that gas temperature can keep enough low in the electric current elevation process, thereby make the risk that produces chilling reduce to minimum and make magnet can carry out work.
In principle, by between steam supply head 12 and low-temperature (low temperature) vessel internal capacity 18, horizontal interface 32 being set, the present invention is not only the cryostat that those are used for the cooling magnet exciting coil of magnetic resonance imaging or Magnetic resonance imaging application applicable to all cryostats of having integrated non-perpendicular work neck.The present invention can particularly be used in combination with the liquid helium cold-producing medium that cooling is provided under the temperature of about 4K, but also can be used in combination with other fluid refrigeration agent.
When using the barrier body, barrier body material preferably has lower conductivity and thermal conductivity than the material of concave type steam supply head remainder.This is for fear of conducting towards magnet from the barrier body, avoided producing the risk of magnet chilling thus owing to existence making the barrier body be heated and reduce heat from the electric current that wherein passes through.
Therefore, the invention provides the favorable structure of a kind of work steam supply head lower end, described structure flows into the reverse flow in the low-temperature (low temperature) vessel and the risk of generation chilling that will be relevant with the cryogenic gas of heating is reduced to minimum by reducing from the steam supply head.

Claims (6)

1, the cryostat of the gas atmosphere that constitutes of a kind of gas that comprises liquid refrigerant and produce by liquid refrigerant vaporization, described cryostat comprises non-perpendicular concave type steam supply head, it is characterized in that the lower end of the female formula steam supply head is formed at the surface of the level substantially that forms at the interface between the gas atmosphere in concave type steam supply head lower end and the cryostat.
2, cryostat according to claim 1, the lower end of wherein said concave type steam supply head comprise the barrier body on the surface that is configured to form the described level substantially at the interface between the gas atmosphere of barrier body lower end and cryostat.
3, according to claim 1 or the described cryostat of claim 2, wherein said barrier body comprises the material that has lower conductivity and thermal conductivity than concave type steam supply head remainder.
4, according to each described cryostat among the claim 1-3, wherein said liquid refrigerant is a liquefied ammonia.
5, a kind of substantially as described in Figure 2 and/or shown in cryostat.
6, a kind of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) or nulcear magnetic resonance (NMR) (NMR) imaging system that comprises according to each described cryostat in the aforementioned claim.
CNA2006101433424A 2005-11-05 2006-11-06 Cryostat heat influx reduction Pending CN1971773A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
GB0522608A GB2431982B (en) 2005-11-05 2005-11-05 Reduction of heat influx through access turret
GB0522608.9 2005-11-05

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
CN1971773A true CN1971773A (en) 2007-05-30

Family

ID=35516414

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
CNA2006101433424A Pending CN1971773A (en) 2005-11-05 2006-11-06 Cryostat heat influx reduction

Country Status (2)

Country Link
CN (1) CN1971773A (en)
GB (1) GB2431982B (en)

Family Cites Families (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4221834A (en) * 1975-11-17 1980-09-09 Develco, Inc. Superconductive magnetic shield and method of making same
JPS6163007A (en) * 1984-09-05 1986-04-01 Hitachi Ltd Superconductive device
JPS61104681A (en) * 1984-10-29 1986-05-22 Hitachi Ltd Cryostat

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Publication number Publication date
GB2431982B (en) 2008-06-18
GB0522608D0 (en) 2005-12-14
GB2431982A (en) 2007-05-09

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