CN1969757A - Method and system for automatically determining regions in a scanned object - Google Patents

Method and system for automatically determining regions in a scanned object Download PDF

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Publication number
CN1969757A
CN1969757A CNA2006101605609A CN200610160560A CN1969757A CN 1969757 A CN1969757 A CN 1969757A CN A2006101605609 A CNA2006101605609 A CN A2006101605609A CN 200610160560 A CN200610160560 A CN 200610160560A CN 1969757 A CN1969757 A CN 1969757A
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automatically
people
scanning
location scanning
determining
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CNA2006101605609A
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CN1969757B (en
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T·L·托思
M·P·达利
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General Electric Co
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General Electric Co
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    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61BDIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B6/00Apparatus for radiation diagnosis, e.g. combined with radiation therapy equipment
    • A61B6/02Devices for diagnosis sequentially in different planes; Stereoscopic radiation diagnosis
    • A61B6/03Computerised tomographs
    • A61B6/032Transmission computed tomography [CT]
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61BDIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B6/00Apparatus for radiation diagnosis, e.g. combined with radiation therapy equipment
    • A61B6/48Diagnostic techniques
    • A61B6/488Diagnostic techniques involving pre-scan acquisition
    • GPHYSICS
    • G06COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06TIMAGE DATA PROCESSING OR GENERATION, IN GENERAL
    • G06T11/002D [Two Dimensional] image generation
    • G06T11/003Reconstruction from projections, e.g. tomography
    • G06T11/005Specific pre-processing for tomographic reconstruction, e.g. calibration, source positioning, rebinning, scatter correction, retrospective gating
    • GPHYSICS
    • G06COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06TIMAGE DATA PROCESSING OR GENERATION, IN GENERAL
    • G06T7/00Image analysis
    • G06T7/10Segmentation; Edge detection
    • G06T7/11Region-based segmentation
    • GPHYSICS
    • G06COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06TIMAGE DATA PROCESSING OR GENERATION, IN GENERAL
    • G06T2207/00Indexing scheme for image analysis or image enhancement
    • G06T2207/10Image acquisition modality
    • G06T2207/10072Tomographic images
    • G06T2207/10081Computed x-ray tomography [CT]
    • GPHYSICS
    • G06COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06TIMAGE DATA PROCESSING OR GENERATION, IN GENERAL
    • G06T2207/00Indexing scheme for image analysis or image enhancement
    • G06T2207/10Image acquisition modality
    • G06T2207/10116X-ray image
    • GPHYSICS
    • G06COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06TIMAGE DATA PROCESSING OR GENERATION, IN GENERAL
    • G06T2207/00Indexing scheme for image analysis or image enhancement
    • G06T2207/20Special algorithmic details
    • G06T2207/20004Adaptive image processing
    • G06T2207/20012Locally adaptive
    • GPHYSICS
    • G06COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06TIMAGE DATA PROCESSING OR GENERATION, IN GENERAL
    • G06T2207/00Indexing scheme for image analysis or image enhancement
    • G06T2207/30Subject of image; Context of image processing
    • G06T2207/30004Biomedical image processing

Abstract

A method and system for automatically determining regions in scanned object are provided. The method includes performing a scout scan of an object and automatically determining regions within the object based on attenuation information from the scout scan.

Description

Be used for determining automatically the method and system in sweep object zone
Technical field
A kind of formation method of relate generally to of the present invention and system relate more particularly to be used for by using medical imaging system to determine the method and system in sweep object zone automatically especially.
Background technology
Imaging system is generally used for sweep object, and in being usually used in identifying object interesting areas.For example, in specific known computerized tomography (CT) imaging system, x radiographic source emission x beam is through interested object.The x beam passes by the object of imaging, such as the patient.Beam strikes on the array of radiation detector after by the object decay.The bundle radiant intensity that lists the decay of reception at detector array depends on the decay of object to the x beam.Each detector element in the array produces the isolating signal of telecommunication, and this signal of telecommunication is the detection in the beam attenuation of detector location place.Obtain the attenuation measurements of self-detector respectively for each detector element, and jointly define projected dataset or transmission profile.
X radiographic source and detector array can be rotated around the object of wanting imaging on the stand in imaging plane, make the angle that x beam and object intersect change all the time.Measure (for example, projected dataset) from detector array with one group of x ray attenuation of a gantry angle and be called as " view ".The one group of view that obtains with different gantry angle or visual angle during " scanning " of object is included in the x radiographic source and detector once rotates.Projected dataset is processed, to make up and the corresponding image of two-dimensional slice that obtains by object in various angles.A kind of exemplary method that forms image according to projected dataset is called as filtered back projection technique.
The optimum scanning that obtains, for example the best CT scan with minimum possibility dosage depends on the information that depends on the patient.X ray flux management system becomes known for obtaining to depend on patient's information, so that the various operating parameters that are identified for scanning, such as suitable tube current, butterfly wave filter and patient center.Out of Memory, the scan patients such as where must be determined and is input in the system by manual in some way by the technician.Usually, this manual operations utilizes figure Rx display to carry out by going up mark position with mouse and cursor at network for location (scout image).Network for location is with the radiography projected image that is fixed on the x object of locating the fixed position that ray tube obtains when object is converted in the Z axle.Mark position may be very consuming time and complicated process on network for location, and this depends on technician's experience.This has not only reduced the scanning handling capacity, but also may increase mistake, for example based on the mistake in the technician judges.
In addition, many potential dosage characteristics of management are current can not implement or be difficult to usefulness and consuming time for the user, because need discern the anatomic information of being asked.For example, the dosage of the responsive organ of dosage lowers current unavailable on CT scanner.Reason be the technician must discern with manual markings such as the position of responsive organ on image Rx display such as breast, thyroid, eyes, uterus.Utilize average positioning projection (scout projection) to come ideally to determine to adjust the noise figure and the patient center of size, only divide equally this average positioning projection at the trunk of health (from the pulmonary top to buttocks).If cervical region or shank partly are included in the average, can influence the result on the contrary so, utilize known manual markings method that above-mentioned situation can take place.In addition, the radiologist may want the zones of different of helical scanning is used different sweep parameters.For example, in chest-abdominal part agreement, higher noise figure may expect to have higher contrast because sarcoidosis becomes than the pathological changes of liver for pulmonary.Different zone (such as pulmonary) can manually be discerned by the technician on figure Rx display, and causes comprising than the required dissection of also Duoing of clinical area-of-interest, has increased patient dose and conduit load thus.
In addition, some zones of dissection may need the image reconstruction pretreatment aligning step of special computation-intensive.For example, head requires to proofread and correct and compensates bone beam hardening phenomenon and detector spectral error, otherwise can produce the pseudomorphism that is present in the skull.This correction is the ten minutes computation-intensive, because this calculation requirement alternative manner.If should proofread and correct for each image applications, the image reconstruction time will be very long so.Some hospitals carry out the wound scanning that comprises head and body in one time, in this case, may proofread and correct not needing gauged data because these zones since the technician in manual identifying mistake and can not correctly be discerned.And effective dose is allow to estimate the dangerous common metric that compares with acceptable dose and different image mode biology.Exist many known modes to calculate effective dose, but all methods all need to know the organ that is exposed to the x ray, so that can determine suitable organ dose.Accurate organ dose requires very long Monte Carlo simulation.For speed-up computation, can on artificial human body model and definitiveness equation, characterize the organ dose, described equation is derived to be estimated so that the exposure of given body region is converted to the organ dose.And definite by hand and identification organ has also increased the time of this process.
Therefore, it is normally consuming time and mistake takes place easily to be used for discerning the known method in zone of sweep object.In addition, this craft identification has also increased time and the complexity of utilizing manual identifying information to handle.
Summary of the invention
According to an embodiment, provide a kind of method that is used to control imaging system.This method comprises the location scanning (scout scan) of carrying out object and based on the zone of determining automatically from the dampening information of location scanning in the object.
According to another embodiment of the invention, provide a kind of method that is used for definite with the regional position of the human body of medical imaging system scanning.This method comprises with this medical imaging system to be carried out people's location scanning and uses location scanning to determine the intravital anatomical position of people automatically.
According to another embodiment again, a kind of medical imaging system is provided, comprise being configured to the dissection determining unit carrying out the scanner of location scanning and be configured to determine automatically anatomical position in the human body based on location scanning.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the perspective view of the example imaging system of operating according to one embodiment of present invention.
Fig. 2 illustrates the block diagram of imaging system shown in Figure 1.
Fig. 3 is a flow chart of determining the method in zone in the sweep object according to one embodiment of present invention automatically.
Fig. 4 is the chart that illustrates the projected area of determining according to one embodiment of present invention.
The specific embodiment
Fig. 1 is the perspective view of example imaging system 10.Fig. 2 is the schematic block diagram of imaging system 10 (shown in Figure 1).In an example was implemented, imaging system 10 was single mode imaging systems, for example computerized tomography (CT) system.But, should be appreciated that and can realize various embodiment in conjunction with the imaging system (being multi-mode imaging system) that has more than a mode.In addition, although in conjunction with specific image mode, for example various embodiment are described in the CT imaging, can use different medical science and antimedical image mode, the x ray or the nuclear imaging of for example positron emission computed tomography (PET) and common any kind.
Specially with reference to Fig. 1 and 2, shown computerized tomography (CT) imaging system 10 comprises the stand 12 of CT scanner now.Stand 12 comprises x radiographic source 14, its detector array 18 projection x beams 16 on stand 12 opposite sides.Detector array 18 forms (for example a plurality of detector line) by detector element 20, and described detector element 20 is responded to together and passed object 22, for example the lens x ray of medical patient.Detector array 18 can be made with thin or many flake structures.The signal of telecommunication of the decay of beam when each detector element 20 produces expression bump x ray beam intensity and represents thus that beam passes object 22.In order to gather the scan period of x ray projection data, stand 12 and parts mounted thereto are checked axle around center of rotation 24 rotations around center of rotation 24 definables.
The operation of the rotation of stand 12 and x radiographic source 14 is controlled by the controlling organization 26 of imaging system 10, and in one embodiment, imaging system 10 is CT imaging systems.In an example embodiment, controlling organization 26 comprises x ray controller 28, and it provides power and timing signal to x radiographic source 14, also comprises stand motor controller 30, the rotary speed and the position of its control stand 12.The data collecting system of controlling organization 26 (DAS) 32 samplings are digital signal from the data (for example analog data) and conversion (or constraint) data of detector element 20, to be used for post processing.DAS32 exports projected dataset, for example comprises the attenuation measurements that obtains in the particular rack anglec of rotation from location scanning.One group of projected dataset forms the complete scan of object 22.Reconstructed module 34 receives sampling and digitized x ray data and carries out the image reconstruction of explained later from DAS32.Be provided for as input by the reconstructed data set of reconstructed module 34 output reconstructed data set is stored in computer 36 or other processing unit in the memorizer 38.Reconstructed data set can be represented the image sheet of volume data set and/or process object 22.Computer 36 also receives order and sweep parameter via operator's console 40 from the operator, and operator's console 40 can comprise one or more use inputs, for example keyboard (not shown).The display that is associated, for example cathode ray tube display 42 allows the operator to observe image and other data from computer 36 of reconstruct.The order that provides of operator and parameter can be used to provide control signal and information to DAS32, x ray controller 28 and stand controller 30 by computer 36 in addition.In addition, computer 36 operation element platform motor controllers 44, the object 22 in the vehicularized workbench 46 location stands 12 of workbench motor controller 44 controls.Especially, workbench 46 part that moves object 22 is passed stand opening 48.
In one embodiment, computer 36 comprises the read/write device (not shown), for example floppy disk, CD-ROM driving, DVD driver, magneto-optic disk (MOD) driver, or other any equipment, comprise network access device, such as ethernet device, be used for from computer-readable medium reading command and/or data, computer-readable medium for example is floppy disk, CD-ROM, DVD or other any digital source, such as network or the Internet, and also undeveloped digital device.In another embodiment, computer 36 is carried out the instruction that is stored in the firmware (not shown).Computer 36 is programmed to carry out described here and employed function here, term computer is not limited to the integrated circuit that this area is called computer, but broadly be called computer, processor, microcontroller, microcomputer, programmable logic controller (PLC), application-specific IC and other programmable circuit, and use these terms here convertibly.
The unit of determining object 22 specific regions can be coupled to computer 36 communicatedly, and in an example embodiment, this unit is a dissection determining unit 21.Although dissection determining unit 21 is illustrated as separated components, should be appreciated that the function of being carried out by dissection determining unit 21 for example can merge to by in the performed function of computer 36.Thus, dissection determining unit 21 can be presented as the software code sections of carrying out or be presented as the combination of hardware and software on multifunctional processor.
In addition,, be appreciated that embodiments of the invention can realize together with other imaging system, comprise industrial imaging system, such as the luggage scanning computed tomography system that in the hub of communication, uses usually such as airport or railway station although in medical science is provided with, be described.
Various embodiment provide based on preliminary scanning and determine subject area automatically.Use can be determined the position of at least one boundary mark in the object by projected area or the definite various threshold values of ellipticity, and determines the zone of other identification according to this.Fig. 3 is a flow chart of having narrated the exemplary method of being carried out by dissection determining unit 21 60, is used for determining automatically intravital anatomic region of people or boundary mark.Should be appreciated that method 60 can be modified and use in conjunction with scanning and other outer imaging system of medical image system of outer other object of human body.
Especially, method 60 illustrates the automatic dissection deterministic process of using in conjunction with medical image system, and medical image system is the CT imaging system more specifically.Especially, 62, carry out known location scanning, come down to the positioning image of decay pattern picture with generation, location scanning is laterally or front/back (A/P) location scanning.Then, projected area of location scanning (PA) and ellipticity (OR) are used to discern intravital anatomic region of people or boundary mark.Should be noted that in example embodiment the cross section of human body 100 as shown in Figure 4 can be seen ellipse 102 as, it has the non-circular cross-section of dimension x and y.Patient's projection is measured by one group of one detector channel and is formed.Channel is measured expression x ray along the circuit transmission of passing the patient.Processed so that the expression of transmission value and efficient μ and object are along the relevant attenuation unit of the length of transmission path.The summation that each channel is measured is PA106.Measuring of one group of peak is called as projection and measures (PM) 104 in projection.Ellipticity is effectively oval x/y ratio.The equation that use is used for ellipse area is determined the x dimension of ellipticity, and wherein PA106 is that ellipse area and PM104 are oval y axles.In fact, each thin slice of the location scanning of the CT scanner of free imaging system execution is a projection.The projection set produces positioning image.
For example,, determine that 64 whether PA decay initial when scanning begins is less than first threshold, perhaps greater than first and less than second threshold value so in case be determined along each projection of whole projection or the decay PA of sampling for each thin slice along scanning.For example, for CT scan, determine that 64 whether the decay of initial p A is less than 160 or between 160 and 400.Should be noted that these values that comprise the pad value that is used for different threshold values described here can change or revise by expectation or needs (for example based on wanting scanned objects).If decay is less than 160, so 66, the starting position of scanning is identified as the head holder of CT scanner, and the scanning bed head holder of backer's head more particularly.Identification can be for example based on the distribution of averaging projection's area of head holder.Then by finding circular object, for example ellipticity equals the section start that 1 point is located head.If ellipticity is not equal to 1, object is not the circular section start that is not identified as head so.Ellipticity is the length of sweep volume and the ratio of width, x for example shown in Figure 4 and y dimension.
If 64 determine initial p A decay between 160 and 400 (and, decay is level and smooth or smooth basically on this zone), so at 68 places, the starting position of scanning is identified as the workbench of CT scanner, and determine the section start of head greater than the point in the location scanning of the 3rd threshold value by being positioned at the PA decay, in this example, PA decays greater than 420.The identification of workbench is for example based on the distribution of averaging projection's area of scanner workbench.For example should be noted that and work as in predetermined number, standard deviation interval occurs in preceding ten data points for example in location scanning, measuring, be identified as substantially flat.
If initial p A decay is not less than first threshold or between first and second threshold values, scan the starting position so and be identified as certain interior point of object, and determine that at 70 places whether initial p A decay is less than the 4th threshold value in the preset distance (for example length) of sweep object.In this example, determine at 70 places to put some place in about 300 millimeters at preliminary sweep, whether initial p A decays less than 850.If initial p A decay is not less than along the 4th threshold value at the some place of preset distance,, the starting position of scanning is identified as the intravital section start of object so at 72 places.If initial p A decay so at 74 places, is identified as the starting position of scanning on the head of object less than the 4th threshold value along the some place of preset distance.
In fact, if determine that at 64 places location scanning originates in the workbench part that does not occupy, the first remarkable increase of so definite PA decay for example is higher than 400 and where appears at, and this has discerned the section start of head.If head holder is identified as the starting point of location scanning, so ellipticity be essentially 1 or first bigger point be determined and be identified as the beginning of skull.Originate in certain point if determine location scanning along object, so by determining when location scanning begins, whether to exist attenuation essence to reduce to determine that scanning originates in a head or a body part, the cervical region of object is enough hanged down so that be identified as to this magnitude.
Determine or the intravital position of body of the starting point of identification location scanning after, in this example embodiment, then determine the diaphragm of identification health.Diaphragm area is characterized by the rapid increase that decays in the projected area usually.For example, in case the position of maximum PA decay is determined, just for example determine based on the distance that begins from the health of determining maximum PA decay whether distance is reasonable.If head is identified, discern this distance of maximum PA decay so, and more particularly, greatest gradient is limited to the preset distance that rise at top from the head, otherwise this distance is limited to littler amount.Especially and refer again to Fig. 3,,, discern the point at the preset distance place of top from the head rising so at 76 places, the greatest gradient of PA decay wherein occurs if determined at 74 places that perhaps location scanning originates in head if the section start of head is positioned at 66 or 68.In this example, the point in 76 places determine from the about 400mm in head top that discerned to about 600mm, PA attenuation slope maximum wherein, and this point is identified as transeptate position.If determined that at 72 places location scanning originates in body, so at 78 places, identification the greatest gradient of PA decay wherein occurs from the point of another preset distance of body section start.In this example, determine the point in the about 400mm of body section start that is discerned at 78 places, PA attenuation slope maximum wherein, and this point is identified as transeptate position.
Also may determine the width of each projection of diaphragm place.For example, width threshold value can be used for guaranteeing that projection does not comprise arm or shoulder part and can solve determining of greatest gradient.
After the point of the greatest gradient of decaying at the identification PA of 76 or 78 places, whether determine ellipticity greater than predetermined value at 80 places, in this example, be .55 (discerning people's neck area usually with lower ellipticity).If ellipticity is not more than .55, determine at 82 places that so the point that shoulder or cervical region are identified and the greatest gradient of PA decay occurs is determined to be approximately 200mm in the present example to about 300mm to be used for predetermined additional distance once more.Therefore, if perhaps ellipticity is greater than .55, for example whether determine to occur the point of position of greatest gradient at the known location scanning that is positioned at 84 places so based on the known length of location scanning.If determine that at 84 places point is positioned at location scanning, this has just discerned transeptate position, and the PA based on this position and this some place decays at 86 places so, and the position of identification health other parts for example comprises buttocks and other interesting areas.In addition, the big I of patient's body estimated by the PA pad value, for example uses clinical assessment or studies the patient's that determined diaphragm place varies in size mean P A pad value.In fact, PA decay and and intermediate distance, for example distance dependent from barrier film to buttocks relevant with people's height.Should be noted that each linear fit function can be used for estimating the distance from diaphragm to other area-of-interest, for example distance from diaphragm to other interested organ.In addition, the area from the diaphragm to the buttocks can be used for for example coming computer center's sum of errors butterfly selective filter based on age and sex, and the butterfly selective filter is used for discerning other regional position of human body based on measuring of the typical range relevant with diaphragm.This information can or use known chart/form to calculate by clinical measures, for example at " The Measure of Man ﹠amp; Woman ", Henry Dreyfuss, " the IGRP Publication 70:Basic Anatomical ﹠amp that published by Pergamon in 2002 or 1996; Physiological Data for Use in Radiologic Protection " described in,, the both all is incorporated in this as a reference.
Not in location scanning, determine that whether this point is at location scanning and on by the above-mentioned head section start of discerning if determine point at 84 places so at 88 places.If the position is identified as the section start of head, decay based on above-mentioned PA at 90 places so and discern the position of health other parts, for example comprise eyes, shoulder or interested other zone.If determine point, determines not have boundary mark to be identified at 92 places so and is used for locating intravital other zone of body not on location scanning and/or above-mentioned head section start at 88 places.Indication that makes mistakes (for example vision or audition) can be provided.
Therefore, use x ray data size, rate of change (slope) and symmetry, and form or desired human dissection (relative age, sex, size etc.) determined that various embodiment of the present invention provide determining automatically zone in the sweep volume.For example, can utilize location scanning to determine the intravital anatomical position of people automatically.In addition, priori agreement and patient information also can be used to improve accuracy of forecast.
The anatomical position of subject area, and more particularly, intravital anatomical position of people or zone can be used in conjunction with other process.For example, can lower the various embodiment of dosage sensor choush in conjunction with CT dosage.Utilize the position of the responsive organ discerned, system can follow respectively before the responsive organic region of identification automatically and reduce and increase mA afterwards.Automatically identification can reduce or eliminate the needs of manual mark position on figure Rx display.In addition, the automatic identification of trunk can provide more consistent auxiliary patient center and adjust big or small noise figure performance.Also can on figure Rx display, discern different zone (for example pulmonary) automatically, to minimize the manual identification in the zone that will scan.Accurately the automatic identification of scanning area can minimize extra scanning area and save patient dose and the conduit load.
In addition, require the anatomy region of the intensive image reconstruction pretreatment aligning step of specific calculation to be automatically recognized.And CT dosage calculates by determining the organ that has been exposed to the x ray automatically effectively.Automatically the positional information of identification also can be used for adjusting original position or boundary position automatically such as anatomical position that depends on the patient and boundary mark, and the position of the loading of imaging of medical scanner and unloading.This information also is used for based on boundary position or anatomical structure the people being positioned at the imagine scanner center.
Although described the present invention, those skilled in the art will recognize that the present invention can implement by the modification in the spirit and scope of claim according to various specific embodiments.
Parts list
10 Imaging system
12 Stand
14 The x radiographic source
16 The x ray
18 Detector array
20 Detector element
21 The dissection determining unit
22 Object
24 Center of rotation
26 Controlling organization
28 X ray controller
30 The stand motor controller
32 DAS
34 Reconstructed module
36 Computer
38 Memorizer
40 Operator's console
42 Cathode ray tube display
44 The workbench motor controller
46 The motorization workbench
48 The stand opening
60 Exemplary method
100 Human body
102 Oval
104 Measure (PM)
106 PA

Claims (10)

1. method that is used to control imaging system (10), described method comprises:
Carry out location scanning object (22); And
Based on the zone of determining automatically from the dampening information of location scanning in the object.
2. according to the process of claim 1 wherein that location scanning comprises the x ray scanning.
3. according to the process of claim 1 wherein that dampening information comprises the attenuation data size.
4. determine automatically that according to the process of claim 1 wherein the zone also comprises rate of change and the symmetric information of use from location scanning.
5. according to the process of claim 1 wherein that object (22) is the people and determining that automatically the zone comprises automatically definite phrenic position of people.
6. according to the process of claim 1 wherein that object (22) is the people and determining that automatically the zone comprises the position of determining the head part automatically.
7. according to the process of claim 1 wherein that object (22) is the people and determines automatically that the zone comprises based on people's anatomic information of expectation and determine the intravital a plurality of organs of people automatically.
8. according to the method for claim 7, wherein Qi Wang people's anatomic information comprises at least one in sex, age and the dimension information.
9. according to the process of claim 1 wherein that object (22) is the people and comprising that utilization determines to shine upon patient's anatomic landmark automatically.
10. a medical imaging system (10) comprising:
Be configured to carry out the scanner of location scanning; With
Be configured to determine automatically the dissection determining unit (21) of anatomical position in the human body based on location scanning.
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