CN1968339A - Electronic chart and software radio technology-based marine weather facsimile device - Google Patents
Electronic chart and software radio technology-based marine weather facsimile device Download PDFInfo
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- CN1968339A CN1968339A CN 200610200133 CN200610200133A CN1968339A CN 1968339 A CN1968339 A CN 1968339A CN 200610200133 CN200610200133 CN 200610200133 CN 200610200133 A CN200610200133 A CN 200610200133A CN 1968339 A CN1968339 A CN 1968339A
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Abstract
The invention relates to a ship weather fax device based on electric sea diagram and software wireless technique, wherein it can be used in the place supporting wireless signal. And it can avoid any AD converter to receive the wireless fax signal; therefore, the device can be connected to table PC, notebook computer, etc. And it can realize automaton and unmanned operation, to adjust receiving frequency, track best signal, etc, while it can display received diagram on electric sea diagram via vector, to analyze and predict weather.
Description
One, technical field
The invention belongs to meteorological field, is a kind of equipment that receives and handle facsimile weather chart, can use in the place that can receive radio signal, is particularly suitable for ship and at sea uses.
Two, background technology
Because autical instrument equipment is very flourishing, ship seldom has an accident because of equipment fault, most of accident owing to the atrocious weather condition causes.Maritime meteorology and sea situation are abominable, and navigation environment is complicated limited with the boats and ships condition, add that the sailor neglects and slips up, and casualty frequently takes place, and often causes life at sea and property heavy losses and marine environment severe contamination.Casualty is divided into collision, swell damage usually, hits a submerged reef, stranded, fire, blast, sinking, missing etc.With regard to the worst shipwreck accident that 20th century took place, well-known is sinking after on April 15th, 1912, Britain Titanic number luxurious passenger steamer struck an iceberg in the North Atlantic Ocean, and people more than 1500 is wrecked.But many people are ignorant is September 28 the same year, and Japanese Kicker Maru passenger steamer sinks at the littoral storm that meets with of Japan, also causes people more than 1000 wrecked.In 20th century, surplus the casualty that causes dying more than 1000 people also has ten.December in 1987, Philippine on the 20th Dona Paz number marine ferry boat was on fire from explosion with the collision of Vector oil tanker near Malin Du Ke island because of typhoon, and two ships all sink after 20 minutes, and 4386 people are wrecked.The following wrecked casualty of 20th century 1000 people is too numerous to enumerate, and just needless to say China's the year before last " big Shun " number ship turns over and sinks in the Bohai Haixia and caused " 11.24 " perils of the sea that 282 people die.This shows how huge the navigation risk is, how important safety of maritime navigation is.
In fact, present weather forecast product is very abundant, if correctly utilize these weather forecast model products, a lot of accidents are avoidable.Reasonably utilize the weather forecast product more can help the result optimizing design course line of navigating officer, under the prerequisite of safety, use the shorter time to finish navigational duty, thereby create huge economic benefit according to weather forecast.
Many countries are in order to ensure the ship navigation safety at sea, and the choose reasonable course line is freely with the genuine form issue of RTTY weather forecast product, i.e. facsimile weather chart.The coverage of present world weather facsimile broadcasting (Meteorological FacsimileBroadcasts) is each ocean of extend over the entire globe almost.Each major country all is that marine ships is broadcast various weather maps and sea situation figure.
Facsimile weather chart of a great variety, facsimile weather chart with Japan's issue is an example, synoptic kind reaches nearly hundred kinds, all forecasts meteorological and ocean essential have been contained, main contents have surface weather chart, upper-level weather chart, wave figure, boat danger figure, sea situation figure (ocean temperature, sea ice, ocean current etc.) and satellite cloud picture etc.
Just because of this, each country all comprises the synoptic analysis of examination, particularly weather facsimile of meteorological knowledge to navigating officer's qualification authentication.For example China stipulates that the sailor applies for first mate's eligibility examiner, should participate in the assessment of following evaluation item:
Stowage of goods be solid;
Nautical English hearing and session;
The weather facsimile synoptic analysis.
As seen weather facsimile figure is very important for the safety guarantee of navigation.Simultaneously, play crucial effect for the weather routing in the navigation.
It all is to receive weather facsimile signals by radio facsimile equipment that the weather facsimile of using on all ships at present receives instrument, and the weather facsimile weather map that receives is noted with the form of paper.The advantage of this equipment is to utilize radiotechnics to solve the problem of meteorological telecommunication on the ship, makes also can in time receive up-to-date weather map on the ship.But this technology in five sixties fell behind to today, had shown a lot of limitation.This is mainly reflected in:
1, needs personnel's nurse.Though weather map facsimile equipment is automatic reception weather facsimile figure, because ship at sea constantly moves, signal is easy to generate mutation, if personnel often do not adjust receive frequency, facsimile chart will thicken and can't use; The kind of weather facsimile figure is a lot of in addition, and tens kinds of figure of timed sending every day, a lot of figure are not constantly necessary on the ship, if whole reception then causes the waste of paper, the acceptance division component just to need personnel to control the time of reception.Modern ship is paid attention to the raising of automation, the personnel on the ship seldom, human resources have been wasted in collecting of weather facsimile.
2, cause poor image quality a little less than the nautical signal.The ship navigation is on boundless sea, and away from the continent, also just away from the facsimile signal source, the facsimile chart of receiving is often smudgy, adjusts frequency even personnel aside constantly guard, and is also of no avail.The information of weather facsimile figure is very abundant, the often a fraction of fuzzy Useful Information of just having covered, rainfall prog chart for example, scheme very little, it is half size of general figure, the forecast information that isobar, isohyet and wind vector are arranged on the figure, and isohyet is a dotted line, even the rainfall value of next door mark also is difficult to recognize under the situation of clear picture sometimes, in case much noise has been arranged, the zone of being concerned about is often very little again, and (geographic area that figure comprises is almost Asia continent and coastal) will cause this figure to use.
3, weather facsimile is synoptic of a great variety, and often changes many useful figure, the particularly new weather map of releasing, a lot of meteorological professionals also are unfamiliar with, and just allow the navigating officer rely on the knowledge analysis of weak nautical meteorology to go out complicated Changes in weather, and some is undertaken to do what is apparently beyond one's ability.How improving the efficient that the navigating officer utilizes facsimile weather chart is the difficulty of a reality.
4, the weather map of existing facsimile machine reception is with paper form record, and size is fixing, needs sometimes to see that the information in a little zone is the comparison difficulty; Paper is preserved and searched also is the thing of comparison difficulty.
5, existing weather map facsimile equipment volume is big, and weight is big, is fixed on certain cabin with screw usually aboard ship, causes to be fixed on receipts figure on certain position; In case run into the dangerous situation that the cabin is damaged, weather facsimile figure will can not get reliable assurance.In addition, in case damage, need get back on the bank and keep in repair, during maintenance cost, expense is also expensive.
All these defectives all are because the facsimile telegraph technology that do not upgrade in time, and do not combine with the computer technology of modern development maturation and cause.On the basis of careful these defectives of consideration, I have proposed a kind of new alternate device, based on the marine weather facsimile receiving equipment of electronic chart and software and radio technique.This new equipment overcomes above-mentioned all defect, and make full use of image processing techniques, GIS technology and the database technology of modern computer, utilize the radio software technology of virtual modem, a lot of new advantages are arranged, allow facsimile weather chart in the guarantee of safety of maritime navigation, bring into play bigger effect, make facsimile weather chart produce bigger economic benefit.
Three, summary of the invention
Utilize software and radio technique to receive the RTTY true signal
In order to overcome the defective of existing weather map facsimile equipment, used advanced software and radio technique to substitute present weather map facsimile equipment product.
Along with Modern Communication System and modern computer is soft, the making rapid progress of hardware technology and microelectric technique development, scientists is founded out a kind of brand-new communication technology Zhao software and radio technique again dexterously, makes the mankind enter more efficient, more reliable, New Times more flexibly of communication.Traditional radio communication, though experienced from the stage of analog to digital Communication Development, yet, according to their purposes difference, the communication work mode that adopts, be that communication standard is also different, thereby make corresponding communication system standard and equip of a great varietyly that this has just caused interoperability, compatibility, harmony extreme difference between them.Therefore, when American Joe.Mitola after clearly proposing the notion of a kind of " software radio " (Software Radio) new technology in the American National telecommunication system meeting at the beginning of 1992, obtained US military and the consistent of some civilian research institutions soon and approved.
The basic thought of software radio is, all radio communications systems all can be based on a kind of identical general hardware platform structure, if in the different communication system, when the different operating frequency range is transmitted multi-form signal, can by this system is provided with different soft, hardware modules, different software programming and the algorithms of operation realized, realize the target of software radio system at last, promptly become a kind of multiplex (MUX) and do frequency range, multi-operation mode, transmission of many signal forms and the radio system of handling.The systemic-function of software radio is quite abundant, and the software function of bearing emission process in the system is also quite abundant.It can not only transmit, and can analyze the interference characteristic of transmission channel and adjacent channel in advance, surveys and determines optimal transmission paths.Select to determine the best modulation system and the coding method of adaptive channel transmission.The position of broad-band antenna is adjusted in decision-making, so that launching beam obtains optimum orientation, and can adjust suitable transmission power automatically, to avoid unnecessary power loss.Certainly, the software function of software radio communication system receiving course is exactly that it not only can receive, and can analyze the distribution character of received signal on this transmission channel and adjacent channel, and can the automatic frequency adjustment rate.The modulation system and the coded system of identification received signal.Can suppress adaptively to disturb, assess the dynamic characteristic of desired signal multipath transmission, and the adaptive equalization that its population value is correlated with is handled.And can adopt forward error correction control, to the mistake error correction, thereby make the error rate minimum of received signal.Most important function is, it can also utilize the software upgrading of system or version to alternate and realize the update of communication system, the compatibility of the old and new's equipment and interconnected.In addition, software radio system also can be supported the extensive expandability of this system business by software function widely.
At present, research to software radio system and key technology thereof yet is in the starting stage abroad, the software radio model machine of a kind of Speakeasy I type Multiband-multimode of developing in recent years as US military has just been realized the design philosophy and the multiple function of software radio system substantially.Can be respectively and four kinds of station telecommunications as it; Simultaneously with two kinds of station telecommunications; As bridge/gateway, connect two separate wireless networks with unlike signal form, make it to transmit pellucidly; Also can change the transmitted waveform in two interconnected Speakeasy radio station simultaneously, realize the programmable features of transmission language, data waveform.Therefore it is comparatively advanced in the world a few days ago a kind of software radio system.China is also comparatively paying attention to this technical field in recent years, just includes the sub-project to software and radio technique research in country's " 863 " high new communication technologies project.
In this equipment, we use software and radio technique to substitute huge received signal instrument, use the mode of software demodulation, weather map signal in the radio is identified, just the RTTY true signal be can receive without any need for extra AD conversion hardware, therefore can desktop PC, notebook computer and palmtop PC PDA be connected to this equipment at any time.No matter wherever, as long as can receive under the situation of radio signal, these machines are just directly collected the weather facsimile weather map.Simultaneously, can adjust frequency makes that the signal of collecting is always at one's best, has guaranteed the picture quality of facsimile weather chart.
2, facsimile weather chart vector technology
In order to be superimposed with electronic chart exactly, become effectively figure layer of sea chart, the facsimile weather chart vector quantization promptly must be converted into the figure that can discern to the facsimile weather chart image, its geographical coordinate is strictly consistent with electronic chart.Here be not the technology that adopts grating image and sea chart stack, and be to use the pel recognition technology, the Weather information of facsimile chart is extracted, be superimposed upon on the sea chart with graphics mode, this is the basic ideas of our vector quantization.
In order to realize vector quantization, need to do following work:
(1) original image is expanded and corrode to reach refinement;
Image thinning generally occurs as a kind of image preconditioning technique, purpose is the skeleton of extraction source image, promptly be line thickness in the original image to be refined into greater than the lines of 1 pixel have only a pixel wide, form ' skeleton ', can be relatively easy to analysis image after forming skeleton, as extracting the feature of image.
(2) remove picture noise;
The tradition mean filter has different filtering characteristic to the Gaussian noise with spiced salt type noise with medium filtering.During actual filtering, because image disturbs when tending to be subjected to two kinds of heterogeneity noises, therefore, adopt medium filtering or mean filter can not reach best denoising effect separately, in order to carry out filtering to two kinds of noises of different nature simultaneously, a kind of new mixed filtering algorithm has now been proposed, this algorithm at first utilizes local threshold that pixel that is subjected to the Gaussian noise pollution and the pixel difference that polluted by impulse type noise are come, then the pixel that polluted by Gaussian noise is adopted the mean filter algorithm, then adopt median filtering algorithm to carry out denoising the pixel that polluted by salt-pepper noise.Simulation result proves that this method has more practicality and validity.
(3) utilize image matching technology accurately to remove map background;
Because The noise, the map background of every width of cloth image are not exclusively the same,, adopted image matching technology to remove map background here in order intactly to remove map background.
(4) do the identification of pixel magnitude, Weather information is extracted as pel.
3, facsimile weather chart and electronic chart superimposing technique
After the facsimile weather chart vector quantization, will carry out work with the electronic chart stack.With the key technology of electronic chart stack be that the every bit of the pel that will extract is given geographical coordinate.
4, hazardous weather recognition technology
Weather map received and with the electronic chart stack after purpose still in order to be applied among navigation ensures, but the front talks about, some facsimile weather chart more complicated, the layman is difficult to accurately analyze its implication.Operating personnel are convenient to discern weather map exactly in order to help, and has used mode identification technology that hazardous weather is identified, and directly offers the user of service.
Similar OCR technology (character recognition technology) will be converted into understandable literal to insignificant pictorial symbol and export in weather map identification, tell directly what hazardous weather the personnel zone has.
Four, embodiment
Facsimile weather chart receiving and processing equipment peculiar to vessel based on electronic chart and radio software technology has thoroughly changed the know-why of weather facsimile receiver in the past.
1, software modem.Hardware without any need for the AD conversion just can receive the RTTY true signal, therefore can be connected to desktop PC, notebook computer and palmtop PC PDA to this equipment at any time.No matter wherever, as long as can receive under the situation of radio signal, these machines are just directly collected the weather facsimile weather map.
2, receive faxes in the synoptic process, realized automation and unattended operation fully, software will receive the weather map that all need receive, and adjust receive frequency automatically at any time according to the reception table of prior setting, follows the tracks of optimum signal, guarantees the quality of image.
3, the image that receives is through the graphics process of computer complexity, remove noise processed, rotation processing, mirror image processing, longitude and latitude conversion process, refinement and expansion process, remove base map handle, with the electronic chart overlap-add procedure etc., the mode with vector quantization is presented on the electronic chart at last.Because the kind of facsimile weather chart is a lot, every type weather map form all is not quite similar, and the amount of information that comprises is all very big, so the treatment technology content of this part is higher, and workload is big, is the core of equipment.
4, the help desk personnel analyzes and forecasts weather effectively and accurately.
When having bad weather, mouse is moved to this zone, system can show the hazardous weather content that this zone is all.
A lot of information of facsimile weather chart are staggered to be presented among same the figure, some information is very important, but owing to be not very clear, make and be difficult to judge, for example in the rainfall prog chart, rainfall is represented with dotted line, sometimes judge that certain regional rainfall changes and forecast is relatively more difficult, when weather is attempted to change into the form of polar plot, and when being superimposed with the very accurate electronic chart of longitude and latitude, image can amplify and shows and can not become empty, can judge the weather condition that certain is regional very clearly, when location during, on the background of electronic chart, also can clearly demonstrate this area and whether be subjected to boisterous influence at boisterous edge.
5, at length provide the using method of facsimile weather chart.The facsimile weather chart kind is a lot, often adds new weather-map type, and non-meteorological hydrology professional can not grasp these knowledge comprehensively, will provide the study course of facsimile weather chart in software.
6, help marine personnel to formulate sail plan and navigation route according to weather.Weather map is deposited among the database, and the convenient search historical summary is followed the tracks of the atrocious weather system at any time, as tropical cyclone, cold air activity, billow, thick fog and explosive cyclone strong wind etc.
Claims (1)
1. be a kind of equipment that receives and handle facsimile weather chart, can use, be particularly suitable for ship and at sea use in the place that can receive radio signal.In order to overcome the defective of existing weather map facsimile equipment, used advanced software and radio technique.Hardware without any need for the AD conversion just can receive the RTTY true signal, therefore can be connected to desktop PC, notebook computer to this equipment at any time.No matter wherever, as long as can receive under the situation of radio signal, these machines are just directly collected the weather facsimile weather map.In the synoptic process of receiving faxes, realize automation and unattended operation fully, and adjusted receive frequency automatically at any time, followed the tracks of optimum signal, guaranteed the quality of image.The image that receives is through the graphics process of computer complexity, and the mode with vector quantization is presented on the electronic chart at last.The help desk personnel analyzes and forecasts weather effectively and accurately.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN 200610200133 CN1968339A (en) | 2006-02-17 | 2006-02-17 | Electronic chart and software radio technology-based marine weather facsimile device |
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| CN 200610200133 CN1968339A (en) | 2006-02-17 | 2006-02-17 | Electronic chart and software radio technology-based marine weather facsimile device |
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| CN1968339A true CN1968339A (en) | 2007-05-23 |
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Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN101572763B (en) * | 2008-07-25 | 2011-02-09 | 上海海事大学 | Digitizing method of weather facsimile signals |
| CN105160426A (en) * | 2015-08-20 | 2015-12-16 | 中电科海洋信息技术研究院有限公司 | Ocean information display method and apparatus based on HYCOM model assimilation technology |
| CN107301397A (en) * | 2017-06-22 | 2017-10-27 | 江苏师范大学 | One kind scanning Paper Chart depth of water point Automatic Vector and information extracting method |
-
2006
- 2006-02-17 CN CN 200610200133 patent/CN1968339A/en active Pending
Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN101572763B (en) * | 2008-07-25 | 2011-02-09 | 上海海事大学 | Digitizing method of weather facsimile signals |
| CN105160426A (en) * | 2015-08-20 | 2015-12-16 | 中电科海洋信息技术研究院有限公司 | Ocean information display method and apparatus based on HYCOM model assimilation technology |
| CN107301397A (en) * | 2017-06-22 | 2017-10-27 | 江苏师范大学 | One kind scanning Paper Chart depth of water point Automatic Vector and information extracting method |
| CN107301397B (en) * | 2017-06-22 | 2020-09-04 | 江苏师范大学 | Automatic vectorization and information extraction method for scanning paper chart water depth points |
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