CN1959714A - Method for space-time analysis weighting fundamental ecology environment in city based on remote sensing images - Google Patents
Method for space-time analysis weighting fundamental ecology environment in city based on remote sensing images Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
A method for evaluating and analyzing basic ecological environment of city in time-space mode based on remote sending image includes utilizing multi-source and multi-time phase of remote sending images to obtain basic classification information of city ecology and applying GIS technique to carry out time sequence and space region calculation/analysis on quality of city ecological environment then using calculated and analyzed result to make proper evaluation on environment quality of city.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the sensor information process field, particularly a kind of remote sensing image and GIS technology utilized, realization is carried out dynamic monitoring to urban ecological environment quality and is made the method for evaluation.
Background technology
The urban area is the frequent zone of mankind's activity, and the ecologic environment basal status changes fast.Development of urbanization has also brought traffic congestion, environmental pollution, the ecologic equilibrium problem such as to be destroyed.Utilize the satellite remote sensing date variation of dynamic monitoring ecologic environment basal status (waters, greening, road square, building etc.) effectively of various years.Rely on the GIS technology to carry out the space-time evaluation of environmental quality, disclose the situation of change of ecologic environment basal status, can provide scientific basis and support with the decision-making that improves urban ecological environment quality for the city layout of making rational planning for from now on.
Summary of the invention
As mentioned above, how with satellite remote-sensing image and GIS technology and database techniques, realize the dynamic monitoring urban ecological environment quality, the computational analysis of the line time sequence of going forward side by side and region, space, and the function of carrying out quality assessment, be technical matters to be solved by this invention, therefore, the object of the present invention is to provide a kind of computer systems technology that utilizes dynamic monitoring that satellite remote-sensing image, GIS technology and database technology carry out urban ecological environment quality and space-time to estimate.
Technical scheme of the present invention is as follows:
Rely on the remote sensing image decipher to obtain the Back ground Information of urban ecological environment, research adopts the basal status of soil utilization to come environmental quality is made evaluation, uses the quality of method of weighting model evaluation ecologic environment, specifically comprises following ingredient:
● the foundation of urban ecological environment basal status remote sensing taxonomic hierarchies
The screening of the basis Ecology Environment Evaluation factor is a ring important in the appraisal.The land use classes standard of analysis-by-synthesis China Ministry of Land and Resources, the Standard for classification of urban land and for planning of constructional land of the Ministry of Construction and U.S.'s remote sensing criteria for classification etc., and in conjunction with being expounded through peer review, from system integrality (satisfying the Ecology Environment Evaluation needs) and operability (can obtain information) angle by remote sensing, formulated 8 one-level classes, 42 secondary class land use pattern systems in this research, and be the evaluation factor of eco-environmental quality with this type.8 one-level classes are respectively: communal facility, industrial storage, residential district, communications and transportation, urban greening, agricultural land, waters, other land used.
● image interpretation and ecologic environment basal status database are set up
According to above-mentioned taxonomic hierarchies, set up remote sensing interpret tag, decipher is carried out in the remotely-sensed data source in a plurality of times.The remotely-sensed data that this research institute selects for use is respectively: the TM image of LandSat5 in 1988, spot data in 1997, QuickBird data in 2002.Pre-service such as the image to three times carries out radiant correction, geometry correction respectively, inlays, fusion, coordinate system is unified to be the local coordinate in Shanghai.In the process of visual interpretation, utilize professional data with reference to the soil, and verification on the spot, to improve the precision of decipher.The result of decipher generates urban ecological environment basal status database.
● the research of remote sensing evaluation model is determined with the weight of estimating the factor
Consider the difference of different factor pair eco-environmental quality influences, adopt method of weighting evaluation model, each single-factor is assigned weight, concrete formula is as follows:
In the formula, P is the comprehensive evaluation value of evaluation region eco-environmental quality, and n is the quantity of the screening factor, and Pi is an i area rate of specific gravity of estimating the factor, and Wi is an i weight of estimating the factor.
Weight has positive and negative branch, improves as factor pair environmental qualities such as greenery patches, gardens, waters to have a positive effect, and its weight just is generally; Otherwise rubbish, dump, industrial land, be generally negative in factor weights such as building building site, letter danger slum-dweller.Weight Determination adopts the expert consulting method mostly, in the research marking of remote sensing expert and environmentalist is combined, and the data craft result that gives a mark sets up the weight knowledge base of respectively estimating the factor.
● the foundation of analysis and evaluation system
System architecture and function
System architecture is the C/S structure, the exploitation of system is adopted based on the COM standard techniques, use VisualBasic language and MapObjects map control as basic development environment, provide the assay at time series and area of space, expertise library management, land use pattern inquiry, map view and the operation of estimating the factor and area distance measurements to calculate in the system and shown functions such as output with the result.Comprise spatial database (geo-spatial data storehouse, ecologic environment basal status database) and expertise database in the evaluation system.
Data management
Spatial data comprises graphical information and attribute information.The spatial data management of native system has adopted the Shape of ESRI company file layout.The GIS data layout that the shape file of ESRI and other are commonly used has fine compatibility, can with other software intercommunications.The MapObjects control can directly be visited the Shape file.The native system spatial data comprises geo-spatial data and ecologic environment basal status data, and the former has administrative regional boundary, geographical boundary etc., and the latter derives from the land-use map that each time remote sensing image decipher obtains.
The expertise database of the relevant Ecology Environment Evaluation factor is deposited in the Dbase database, and the Dbase database is a kind of relevant database (RDBMS), visits by ADO.
Comprise spatial database (geo-spatial data storehouse, ecologic environment basal status database) and expertise database in the evaluation system.
The geo-spatial data storehouse mainly is meant the spatial data of administrative regional boundary and geographical boundary to be the shape file, and list structure is as follows:
| Field name | Type | Remarks |
| Shape | Polygon (polygon) | Spatial information |
| Name | String | Area-name, its value as " Jiangkou District " |
Ecologic environment basal status database is to derive from the land use pattern that each time remote sensing image decipher obtains, and is the shape form, and each time is a shape file, and list structure is as follows:
| Field name | Type | Remarks |
| Shape | Polygon (polygon) | The spatial information in plot |
| code | Integer | The code of plot land use pattern, its value as " 500 ", expression urban greening land used |
The expertise database is the evaluation factor through remote sensing expert and environmental evaluation expert selection, and the weight information of the relevant evaluation factor.With the Dbase database storing, its list structure is as follows
| Field name | Type | Remarks |
| code | Integer | The code of plot land use pattern, its value as " 500 ", expression urban greening land used |
| type | String | The title of plot land use pattern is " urban greening land used " as its value |
| weight | double | Estimate the weight of the factor (being land use pattern) |
Between ecologic environment basal status database and the expert knowledge library, public field is arranged " code ", therefore can realize the association of two forms.
Workflow
The spatial analysis flow process:
(1) selects evaluation region (as self-defining zone, administrative region, geographic area)
(2) search be positioned within the zone or with the plot that intersect in this zone, the plot and the evaluation region that intersect are done crossing computing, get it and be positioned at part within the evaluation region.
(3) plot that search in the step 2 is obtained, add up by the different evaluation factor (being land use pattern), calculate the total area of respectively estimating the factor (being land use pattern) area and all evaluation factors respectively, and then calculate the area rate of specific gravity of respectively estimating the factor (being land use pattern).Computing formula is as follows;
Type in the formula
iBe i the area of estimating the factor (land use pattern), Poly
jExpression land use pattern is the area in j the plot of i.
Total represents that all estimate the total area of the factor in the zone.
P
i＝Type
i/Total
P
iRepresent i the area rate of specific gravity of estimating the factor (land use pattern).
(4) according to the method for weighting, calculate the evaluation of estimate of the eco-environmental quality in this evaluation region, formula is as follows
In the formula, P is the comprehensive evaluation value of evaluation region eco-environmental quality, and n is the quantity of the evaluation region inner evaluation factor, P
iBe i the area rate of specific gravity of estimating the factor, W
iBe i the weight of estimating the factor.
(5) output evaluation analysis result.The evaluation integrated value P of output eco-environmental quality reaches area and the area proportion thereof of respectively estimating the factor.
Time series mutation analysis flow process:
(1) selects evaluation region (as self-defining zone, administrative region, geographic area)
(2) according to above-mentioned spatial analysis, the evaluation of estimate of the eco-environmental quality of this evaluation region in each time reaches area and the area proportion thereof of respectively estimating the factor respectively.Analysis is only calculated single-factor at the area and the area proportion in each time for the single-factor timing variations, does not need the evaluation of estimate of zoning eco-environmental quality.
(3) output evaluation analysis result.
The space trend analysis flow process of whole district's eco-environmental quality
(1) planning of cloth grid in the survey region, the thing of nexus, north and south distance can self-definedly be provided with.
(2) calculating with each net point is that the comprehensive evaluation value in the radius region is specified in the center of circle.
(3) export the evaluation of estimate of all net points, disclose the distribution trend of the eco-environmental quality of the whole district.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is a basic fundamental route map of the present invention;
Fig. 2 is an overall system functional diagram of the present invention;
Fig. 3 is space-time analysis functional diagram in the systemic-function of the present invention;
Fig. 4 is geo-spatial data library structure figure of the present invention;
Fig. 5 is ecologic environment basal status database structure figure of the present invention;
Fig. 6 is expertise database structure figure of the present invention;
Fig. 7 is the timing variations figure of the inner city environmental quality comprehensive assessment value among the present invention;
Fig. 8 is the area change figure of several important factors in the inner city among the present invention;
Fig. 9 is each the administrative area ecologic environment comprehensive evaluation value figure of Shanghai City, China in 2002 among the present invention;
Figure 10 is the distribution trend figure of the ecologic environment comprehensive evaluation value in three times of Shanghai City, China among the present invention.
Embodiment
Repeatedly change has been experienced in the planning of the administrative area of Shanghai City, China, for the data that make each district of each year have comparability, in the native system unified with calendar year 2001 fixed administrative division be foundation.Section of Outer Ring Line has covered following 14 administrative areas whole or in part with 580 square kilometres of interior cities: Pudong New District, Xuhui, Changning, Putuo, Zhabei, Hongkou, Yangpu, Huangpu, Luwan, Jing'an, Golconda, Minhang, Jiading, Nanhui. as Fig. 3.Because city area in 1988 is also smaller, data that should the time in the system all do not cover Section of Outer Ring Line with inner region, and all the other times all cover Section of Outer Ring Line with inner region.
● use the time variation that native system is analyzed the Shanghai City, China eco-environmental quality
For the data that make each time have comparability, the comprehensive evaluation value that eco-environmental quality is carried out in the inner city that selection 3 years piece of data all covers calculates.The inner city comprises that mainly inner loop-line divides and Pudong's Lujiazui near zone about 100.79 sq-kms of area so that interior Pu is western.
From 1988 in the period of 2002, the comprehensive evaluation value of inner city is in rising trend, illustrates that this regional eco-environmental quality improves improving.During this section, urbanization development rapidly, the area of key elements such as the greening that environment is had a positive effect, new residential district rises, the area of key elements such as opposite letter danger shed, residential compound, manufacturing district is dwindling.Reflect planning of science activities urban development in recent ten years, reconstruction of the old city town has obtained achievement.Fig. 5 is the area change situation that plays the factor of obvious effect in the remote sensing Ecology Environment Evaluation.
Urban greening is very fast in development in recent years, and green coverage in 1988 is 1.46 sq-kms, and green coverage in 2002 is 6.75 sq-kms.After 80 years last century, originally be the area, Lujiazui of letter danger shed and industrial class, and large stretch of greenery patches occurred, in the reconstruction of the old city town in west, Pu, greenery area proportion also rises.
The variation of living and distinguishing can illustrate the subproblem that life of urban resident quality, living environment change.The area size of letter danger shed is one of reflection representative of appearance of city.Remote Sensing Interpretation shows last century end 60, the seventies, population increase, and large quantities of self-built simple dilapidated houses occur, and supreme end of the century to 02 year, large tracts of land danger canopy letter room district is through transforming finance, commercial affairs, administration, land use for greening as, and is at present residual few.This section is in period, and some outmoded mixing residential areas are also transformed, and a large amount of new residential districts (common residential district, residential district, garden house) begins to build up.Reflected that Shanghai resident's living conditions are improving since the eighties in last century.
The industrial land in urban district, center is reducing gradually, a lot of factories urban district, center of having moved out.Reduce promptly in the arable land, and the city is in expansion, and 4.32 sq-kms in this district in 1988 are ploughed and mainly concentrated on the area, Lujiazui, is only surplus 1.68 sq-kms to 1997, had not had the arable land in should distinguishing by 2002.
Water surface area remains unchanged in this district substantially.The area of public land (education, administrative office, public utility etc.), roads and squares is increasing, and these two factors do not play obvious effect in the remote sensing ecological evaluation, and the weight that the expert gives is near zero.
● use native system and carry out the spatial analysis of Chinese Shanghai urban district eco-environmental quality
Calculate the comprehensive evaluation value of the eco-environmental quality in each administrative area in 2002, as shown in Figure 6, evaluation of estimate is from high to low successively: Pudong New District, Yangpu, Hongkou, Changning, Xuhui, Huangpu, Luwan, Jing'an, Putuo, Zhabei.Evaluation of estimate is the highest to be Pudong New District, Pudong New District's full-scale development after the last century the nineties, and big, the residential district of green coverage mostly is the residential district in the district.Decipher draws from the remote sensing image, the arable land large percentage in this district, and totally 59.5 sq-kms account for 21.70%, mainly concentrate on inner loop-line with exterior domain, and for just, this has also promoted the evaluation of estimate rising in this district in native system intertillage ground weight.Yangpu District is only second to Pudong New District, and the greening ratio of Yangpu District occupies first of each district, and the greening ratio is 15.62%, and area is 9.47 sq-kms.The greenery patches is built on discarded Jiang Wan airport, the green coverage of Yangpu District is significantly increased.Two administrative areas that evaluation of estimate is minimum are: Zhabei District, Putuo District.Industrial land, the residential compound of Zhabei District are many.This district's industrial land is totally 6.9 sq-kms, accounts for whole district's decipher area 22.9%, and the manufacturing district mainly concentrates on the middle part in the district; Residential compound 6.45 sq-kms account for 21.37% of whole district's decipher area, mainly concentrate on the north.More letter danger shed is arranged near the railway station in Zhabei District south.The industrial land of Putuo District accounts for 24.15%, and totally 11.6 sq-kms mainly concentrate on the northwestward and the west and south in this district.
3 years piece of data to survey region is carried out the space trend analysis, and at regular grid of this district's cloth, the north and south of neighbor mesh points, easting are dot center from all being made as 300 meters with each grid, is that radius carries out evaluation of estimate calculating, result such as Fig. 7 with 500 meters.The evaluation of estimate spatial distribution map in each time relatively can find that evaluation of estimate is totally raising during 1988 to 2002, illustrate that the interior eco-environmental quality of study area is in continuous improvement.Can draw the distribution plan fraction of the year of from each, estimate the main many places of industrial land distribution of concentrating, the low zone of score value.Huangpu River bank (the riverine area in Yangpu District south, area, Expo planning region), the water transport facility, factory's storage is intensive; Middle part, Zhabei, the Putuo District northwestward and the west and south, Baoshan District Baosteel first iron company's near zone all are the zones that industrial land is concentrated.In contrast, greenery patches and waters key element have played positive role to ecologic environment, make that the regional evaluation value is higher, higher evaluation of estimate all occurred as greenery patches, Jiang Wan airport, Century Park, common blue or green Forest Park, botanical garden, Huangpu River waters etc.
Claims (8)
1. method for space-time analysis weighting fundamental ecology environment in city based on remote sensing image, its step comprises; Employing is based on the software engineering of COM standard, form by urban ecological environment basal status assay management software, urban ecological environment basal status database, Ecology Environment Evaluation factor expert knowledge library, it is characterized in that, at first set up urban ecological environment basal status remote sensing taxonomic hierarchies, the remote sensing image that adopts the multi-source multidate is as data source, on the basis of urban ecological environment basal status remote sensing taxonomic hierarchies, carry out the decipher of ecologic environment Back ground Information according to interpret tag, the decipher result sets up urban ecological environment basal status database; Simultaneously set up expert knowledge library according to method of weighting model and expert's feedback information, utilization is based on the software engineering of COM, integration standard GIS control stand-alone development urban ecological environment basal status assay management software carries out the space-time evaluation of environmental quality, finally set up urban ecological environment basal status assay management system, dynamic monitoring urban ecological environment basal status comprises the variation of waters, greening, road square, building.
2. the method for space-time analysis weighting fundamental ecology environment in city based on remote sensing image according to claim 1, it is characterized in that described urban ecological environment basal status assay management software, adopt the integrated GIS standard control of COM technology, by file access interface and the operation of ADO data access interface fulfillment database, realize general GIS operation basic function, and realized the space trend analysis of time series mutation analysis, spatial configuration analysis and whole district's eco-environmental quality especially.
3. the method for space-time analysis weighting fundamental ecology environment in city based on remote sensing image according to claim 1, it is characterized in that described urban ecological environment basal status database, the spatial data that comprises administrative regional boundary and geographical boundary, comprise graphical information and attribute information, spatial data management adopts the Shape file layout.
4. the method for space-time analysis weighting fundamental ecology environment in city based on remote sensing image according to claim 1, it is characterized in that described Ecology Environment Evaluation factor expert knowledge library, obtaining of its basic data by adopting the expert consulting method, the marking of remote sensing expert and environmentalist is combined the data craft result that gives a mark; The employing relevant database DBASE of data base management system (DBMS).
5. the method for space-time analysis weighting fundamental ecology environment in city based on remote sensing image according to claim 1 is characterized in that described multi-source multi-temporal remote sensing image, the remote sensing image data that the system of being meant utilizes the multiple satellite remote sensor of various years to obtain.
6. the method for space-time analysis weighting fundamental ecology environment in city based on remote sensing image according to claim 1, it is characterized in that described urban ecological environment basal status remote sensing taxonomic hierarchies, the land use classes standard of the B of its analysis-by-synthesis Ministry of Land and Resources, the Standard for classification of urban land and for planning of constructional land of the B of the Ministry of Construction and U.S.'s remote sensing criteria for classification, formulate a cover urban ecological environment basal status remote sensing taxonomic hierarchies from satisfying Ecology Environment Evaluation needs and operability, comprised 8 one-level classes, 42 secondary class land use patterns in this taxonomic hierarchies.
7. the method for space-time analysis weighting fundamental ecology environment in city based on remote sensing image according to claim 1, its characteristics are describedly to carry out the decipher of ecologic environment Back ground Information according to interpret tag, it is the image data of a plurality of times of application, multiple satellite remote sensor, carry out radiant correction, geometry correction respectively, inlay, merge pre-service, the data of decipher have the comparability on the space, and geometry correction need be unified the geometric coordinate of multi-source, multi-temporal remote sensing data; Go out the urban ecological environment Back ground Information according to the decipher of interpret tag algorithm.
8. the method for space-time analysis weighting fundamental ecology environment in city based on remote sensing image according to claim 1, its characteristics are described dynamic monitoring urban ecological environment basal status, be meant and adopt multi-source satellite remote-sensing image data as basic data source, utilize the cycle return visit characteristic of remote sensing satellite itself and overlay area, the space complementarity between many sing datas, realize that the continuous ground remote sensing image data of target area in the finite time interval obtains, guarantee that the ecologic environment Back ground Information can upgrade in time, thereby realize the dynamic monitoring of urban ecological environment.
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