CN1958301B - 利用微接触印刷工艺在基材上图案化分子的方法 - Google Patents
利用微接触印刷工艺在基材上图案化分子的方法 Download PDFInfo
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- CN1958301B CN1958301B CN2006101436051A CN200610143605A CN1958301B CN 1958301 B CN1958301 B CN 1958301B CN 2006101436051 A CN2006101436051 A CN 2006101436051A CN 200610143605 A CN200610143605 A CN 200610143605A CN 1958301 B CN1958301 B CN 1958301B
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Abstract
本发明涉及利用微接触印刷工艺在基材上图案化分子的方法、通过所述方法制造的基材以及所述基材的应用。还涉及用于执行根据本发明的方法的设备。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及利用微接触印刷工艺在基材上图案化分子的方法、通过所述方法制造的基材以及所述基材的应用。还涉及用于执行根据本发明的方法的设备。
背景技术
在过去十年中,软平版印刷术已经发展成了用于化学法制造微结构和毫微结构表面的通用工艺[1,2]。在几种被统称为软平版印刷术的工艺中,微接触印刷(μCP)已经成为最常用的方法[1]。图案化聚合物印模(stamp)是采用接触供墨或湿供墨被分子墨水覆盖的。在接触供墨中,溶剂被减缩到干态,同时分子自组装在印台(ink-pad)上。通过使印模与印台发生共形接触(conformal contact),分子在环境条件下转移到印模上。在湿供墨法中,墨水被倾注在印模上,然后在氮气流下被减缩到干态。上述两种情形下,分子在被转移到基材上之前都位于印模之上。为了将墨水转移到基材上,使印模与基材发生共形接触,以完成分子从印模到基材的转移[3,4]。
近来,蛋白质也被转移到各种基材上[5-7]。因此,μCP的优点在于蛋白质的直接、快速和平缓转移,不过,目前报告的所有μCP技术最终都会导致印刷的蛋白质的变性。被固定到改性表面上的天然蛋白质对于传感器技术、细胞培养和微生物学来说至关重要。一个应用是例如在二氧化硅上用于引导细胞生长的生长因子蛋白质的图案化[8]。
在表面上固定生物分子例如蛋白质、核酸等等的关键问题在于它们的变性和由此在其固定之后丧失功能。所述功能,例如对于细胞色素c(cyt c)来说,可能取决于表面上的蛋白质的取向和构象。到目前为止,已经在化学改性的Au表面[9-11]和ITO[12]上研究了cyt c的固定和氧化还原活性。Runge等人报告了将cyt c分子转移到ITO表面上的方法,其中蛋白质在印模上被干燥[12]。对于ITO表面,可证实蛋白质的活性取决于用于所述方法的印模的表面改性[11]。
除了转移蛋白质之外,Nakao等人还描述了使用PDMS印模转印高度取向的DNA纳米线的方法[13]。在此方法中流体动力被用于在PDMS上取向DNA。在取向步骤之后,使PDMS印模与云母片发生共形接触以将DNA转移到云母上。AFM图像表明如此转移的DNA的视在高度在0.27nm和0.35nm之间,这表明由于流体动力的结果DNA分子可能被拉长了且可能受到了剪切。
但是,现有技术中使用的所有上述供墨方法都会导致蛋白质变性并丧失其活性。
发明内容
因此,本发明的目的在于提供一种允许在基片上固定和图案化分子的方法,从而使要图案化和固定的分子保持其功能和/或天然构象和/或活性。此外,本发明的目的还在于提供一种甚至对生物大分子也简单易行的在基片上图案化分子并同时保持其功能的方法。此外,本发明的目的还在于提供在基片上图案化分子的方法,借此可以获得≤200nm的图案特征。
所有这些目的都可以通过一种利用微接触印刷工艺在基片上图案化分子的方法来达到,通过该方法在整个微接触印刷工艺过程中使要图案化的分子被保持在溶剂中或被溶剂覆盖。
这种在整个工艺过程中使要图案化的分子都被保持在溶剂中或被溶剂覆盖的微接触印刷工艺在本文中有时也被称作″原地印刷法″或″原地压印法″。术语″原地印刷法″或″原地压印法″在本文中是指使要图案化的分子由于在整个印刷工艺过程中都被保持在溶剂中或被溶剂覆盖的结果而能保留其功能和/或构象的微接触印刷法。
在一个优选实施方案中,所述″原地印刷法″是指在其整个过程中使要图案化的分子都被保持在使其可以保留其天然功能和/或构象的其各自的生理条件下的微接触印刷法。应当强调,术语″生理条件″将取决于要被图案化的分子的类型。例如,如果要图案化的分子是氧转运蛋白分子,对于这样一种分子来说″生理条件″将优选地包括7.0-7.8的pH值,优选在pH 7.4左右。另一方面,如果要图案化的分子是胃酶,对于这样一种分子来说″生理条件″将包括1.8-4的pH值。因此,总的来说术语″生理条件″将包括可为1-10的pH值。
在一个实施方案中,所述微接触印刷法不包括干燥步骤。
在一个实施方案中,根据本发明的方法包括以下步骤:
a)提供在溶剂中的将要图案化的分子,和提供图案化的表面,优选地是印模形式的表面,
b)在将所述分子保持在所述溶剂中或被所述溶剂覆盖的同时将所述要图案化的分子转移到所述图案化的表面上并将它们固定于其上,
c)提供基材并使具有固定在其上的所述分子的所述图案化的表面与所述基材发生共形接触,由此在所述基材上建立所述分子的图案,同时使所述分子保持在所述溶剂中或被所述溶剂覆盖。
术语″与某某发生共形接触″是指两个实体例如表面之间的接触,它允许在接触前位于其中一个实体上的分子向另一个实体转移。在某些实施方案中,要实现所述转移需要施加压力,而且在这种情况下,术语″与某某发生共形接触″将等同于″压在某某上″。
术语″将分子固定在表面上″在本文中是指使分子变得附着到表面上的行为,并不是指由此固定的分子将完全不能移动。例如,由此固定的分子的某些部分将仍可以绕某些化学键旋转和/或可以在覆盖该表面的溶剂之内″摇摆″。″固定″在本文中仅表示分子向表面的某种附着,这种附着能防止分子从所述表面自由扩散。最简单的表现形式为,分子在表面上的这种固定可能通过将所述表面暴露于所述分子而发生。
在一个实施方案中,在步骤a)中,在所述溶剂中提供所述分子并首先将其固定在位于所述溶剂之内的优选地为非图案化表面形式的印台上,其中,优选地,在步骤b)使具有固定于其上的所述分子的所述印台与所述图案化表面在含有将所述要图案化的分子的第一溶剂环境中发生共形接触,所述溶剂和任选地缓冲剂由此将所述分子转移到所述图案化的表面上并将它们固定于其上,且其中更优选地,在步骤c),在含有所述溶剂和任选地缓冲剂的第二溶剂环境中提供所述基材,且其中具有固定于其上的所述分子的所述图案化表面在步骤b)之后被转移到所述第二溶剂环境中并与所述基材发生共形接触。第一、第二和随后的溶剂环境含有溶剂并可以除此之外还含有溶质,如盐,优选地缓冲剂,更优选地通过其存在可以建立起生理条件或建立起模仿生理状态的条件的缓冲剂。第二和随后的溶剂环境最初不包含或只包含极少量的要被图案化的分子。不过,一旦图案化表面或印台已经转移到所述第二、第三、第四等溶剂环境中,就将有一些要图案化的分子存在于所述溶剂环境中。
术语″印台″在本文中代表能够充当要图案化的分子的促进转移表面的任何表面。其最简单的形式可以仅仅是非图案化的表面。不过,在某些条件下,它也可以是上面具有图案的,和/或能够吸收要图案化的分子并在印模与所述印台发生共形接触时能够释放一些这些分子的某种表面。
在一个实施方案中,在步骤b)中,在将具有固定于其上的所述分子的所述印台转移到含有所述溶剂和任选地缓冲剂的第二溶剂环境中之后,使具有固定于其上的所述分子的所述印台与所述图案化表面在所述第二溶剂环境中发生共形接触,从而将所述分子转移到所述图案化的表面上并将它们固定于其上,其中优选地,在步骤c),在含有所述溶剂和任选地缓冲剂的第三溶剂环境中提供所述基材,且其中具有固定于其上的所述分子的所述图案化表面在步骤b)之后被转移到所述第三溶剂环境中并与所述基材发生共形接触。
在一个实施方案中,在步骤a)中,在所述溶剂中提供所述分子,且在步骤b),在所述溶剂之内将所述分子固定在所述图案化表面上,其中优选地,步骤b)通过将所述图案化表面浸入所述溶剂中而发生,且其中更优选地,在步骤c),在含有所述溶剂和任选地缓冲剂的第四溶剂环境中提供所述基材,且其中具有固定于其上的所述分子的所述图案化表面在步骤b)之后被转移到所述第四溶剂环境中并与所述基材发生共形接触。
在一个实施方案中,在步骤c)无需溶剂环境而提供所述基材,且其中在保持所述分子被所述溶剂覆盖的同时使具有固定于其上的所述分子的所述图案化表面与所述基材发生共形接触,且其中在与所述基材接触的同时所述图案化表面被转移到含有所述溶剂和任选地缓冲剂的第五溶剂环境中,所述图案化表面与所述基材的转移在所述图案化表面与所述基材发生共形接触之后立即发生,以避免所述图案化表面在所述基材上干燥。
在一个实施方案中,所述步骤b)在1秒-60分的时间段内执行。步骤b)可被视为″供墨步骤″。
优选地,步骤c)中使所述图案化表面与所述基材共形接触发生在将所述要图案化的分子固定在所述图案化表面上之后不长于180min、优选地不长于120min、更优选地不长于10min、最优选地不长于1min的时间段内。
在本文中,″发生在固定......之后不长于......的一段时间内″是指所述使进行共形接触必须在最长180min的时间内进行,所述时间段从所述要图案化的分子被固定在所述图案化表面上时开始。
在一个实施方案中,在步骤c)之后,所述图案化表面被从所述基材上提起,从而留下其上具有所述分子的图案的基材,其中优选地,所述其上具有分子图案的基材被保持在任选地含有缓冲剂的溶剂中或被其覆盖。
在一个实施方案中,要被图案化的所述分子选自蛋白质、核酸,优选地DNA或RNA,脂质,以及上述物质的组合,其中优选地,要被图案化的所述分子是蛋白质分子。
优选地,由于在整个微接触印刷工艺过程中所述要图案化的分子都被保持在溶剂中或被溶剂覆盖,所以它们在整个工艺过程中都保留其功能和/或活性和/或天然构象,其中更优选地,所述要图案化的分子在整个微接触印刷工艺过程中都被保持在由例如pH和盐度度量的生理条件下。
在本文中术语″溶质″并不排除溶质存在于溶剂中。事实上,为了建立期望的生理条件这些可能是优选的。这些溶质包括但不限于盐及其离子组分、缓冲剂、蛋白质、核酸和脂质。
在一个实施方案中,如果所述要图案化的分子是亲水性的则所述基材具有亲水性表面,如果所述要图案化的分子是疏水性的则所述基材具有疏水性表面。
优选地,所述基材具有能促进所述基材通过共价键、静电力、范德华力、氢键、伦敦力或它们的任意组合与所述要图案化的分子结合的隔离层和/或粘合层。
在一个实施方案中,所述基材选自金属和半金属、单晶或多晶材料;优选单晶或多晶金属和半金属(最优选金、铂、硅)或复合材料,优选单晶或多晶复合材料(最优选氧化硅,GaAs)或非晶态复合材料(最优选玻璃);塑料,优选弹性体(最优选聚二甲基硅氧烷),优选塑性体(最优选聚烯烃),优选离子聚合物、优选抗蚀剂(resist)材料(最优选UV-NIL抗蚀剂);用分子层、优选地用SAM(自组装单分子层)改性以直接结合或间接结合的任何上述材料,用于间接结合的SAM将具有一或多种化学制剂或处理以实现期望的结合部位;最优选具有两个端基的SAM:一个用于将分子附着到基材上,如用于在金上结合的硫醇首基;最优选具有用于结合在氧化硅上的硅烷首基端基的SAM;第二个端基用于偶联墨水,例如具有用于结合金属的巯基或氨基的SAM,具有用于静电结合的羧基的SAM,最优选具有用于结合金属的巯基、具有带用于范德华相互作用的亚甲基的平滑烷链、具有用于共价连接的-COOH、-OH或乙烯基的SAM;或具有用于结合相应抗原的抗体的SAM,或具有用于结合相应抗体的抗原的SAM,或具有用于特异结合分子的受体的SAM;或用带有用于结合相应抗原的抗体的分子层改性的、或用带有用于结合相应抗体的抗原的分子层改性的、或用带有用于特异结合分子的受体的分子层改性的任何上述材料;最优选用巯基十一烷酸层(MUA)改性的金。
优选地,所述图案化表面由选自以下的材料制成:单晶和多晶材料如硅、氧化硅,层压复合材料体系如硅上的氧化硅,硅/氧化硅上的金属层;非晶态材料如玻璃;塑料,如弹性体,优选聚二甲硅氧烷,塑性体,优选聚烯烃(POP,聚烯烃塑性体),离子聚合物,抗蚀剂材料如UV-NIL抗蚀剂。
在一个实施方案中,所述印台表面由选自以下的材料制成:单晶和多晶材料如硅、氧化硅,层压复合材料体系如硅上的氧化硅,硅/氧化硅上的金属层;非晶态材料如玻璃;塑料,如弹性体,优选聚二甲硅氧烷,塑性体,优选聚烯烃(POP,聚烯烃塑性体),离子聚合物,抗蚀剂材料如UV-NIL抗蚀剂。
优选地,所述要图案化的分子选自蛋白质分子如氧化还原蛋白质、核酸结合蛋白质、酶,金属蛋白质如细胞色素c、阿祖林、细胞支架蛋白质、抗体、核酸如DNA、RNA、PNA,脂质如磷脂和神经鞘脂。
在一个实施方案中,所述要图案化的分子是具有一个或几个赖氨酸残基的蛋白质分子,且其中所述基材为金,优选地在其表面上具有隔离层以避免所述蛋白质的变性,所述隔离层的厚度优选地在0.5nm-200nm的范围之内。
在一个实施方案中,图案包含长度为约10nm到500μm,优选地约10nm到≤200nm,更优选地约10nm到≤150nm的特征。显然,通过根据本发明的方法印刷的实际特征的尺寸取决于由此印刷的图案的预期应用。例如,如果预期应用在核酸芯片或传感器应用领域,则印刷特征的平均尺寸可能在1μm到500μm的范围之内。如果预期应用在分子电子学领域,则印刷特征的平均尺寸可能在约10纳米到≤200nm,优选地约10nm到≤150nm的范围之内。
本发明的目的也可通过由根据本发明的方法制造并在其上包含能保持其功能和/或活性和/或天然构象的分子的图案的基材来达到。
本发明的目的还可以通过在传感器、生物反应器中或在引导细胞生长时使用根据本发明的基材来达到。
本发明的目的也可通过一种用于执行根据本发明方法的设备来达到,该设备包括:
-容纳要图案化的分子的溶液的第一装置,
-图案化的表面,优选地是印模形式的,
-基材,被保持在溶剂中或被溶剂覆盖,
-用于将所述要图案化的分子从所述第一装置转移到所述图案化表面的第二装置,
-用于将所述要图案化的分子从所述图案化表面转移到所述基材的第三装置,
-用于保证所述要图案化的分子在从所述第一装置转移到所述图案化表面再到所述基材的过程中被保持在溶剂中或被溶剂覆盖的第四装置。
在根据本发明的设备的优选实施方案中,第二装置是印台,优选未图案化的表面。
发明人意外发现可以利用分子、优选地生物大分子如蛋白质、核酸和/或脂质并将这些生物大分子始终保持在溶液中或溶剂(优选地水性溶剂)之下来执行微接触印刷工艺。根据本发明的方法可以采用下面进一步所列的各种方案来进行。
在这里术语″分子″是指可以具有生物相关性的任何分子。它包括包括低聚核苷酸在内的核酸,包括肽在内的蛋白质,和脂质。所述分子可以是合成的也可以是天然的。对蛋白质或核酸来说,它们可以具有天然存在的序列或人工序列。
因此本发明的发明人描述了一种可以防止在供墨步骤之后分子例如蛋白质在印模上干燥或变性的原地压印工艺。在此μCP工艺中,在所有工艺步骤中印模、印台(如果有的话)和基材都被保持在溶剂环境例如缓冲溶液中或至少被缓冲溶液覆盖。由此所有步骤都可以在原地生理条件下进行。
在一方面,本发明的方法可以通过如下进一步说明的各种工艺描述:
工艺1(参见图4的方案1):
将印台浸在所需分子的溶液中。几小时之后,在同一容器中立即使印模与该印台接触几分钟。然后将印模迅速转移到盛有纯缓冲溶液的容器中,使得印模的表面并未干燥。此缓冲溶液中含有将把分子转移到其上的基材。使印模与基材接触几分钟。最后将改性的基材插入不含要印刷/压印的分子的缓冲溶液中保存。
工艺2(参见图4的方案2):
将印台浸在所需分子的溶液中。几小时之后,将印台迅速转移到盛有纯缓冲溶液的容器中,使得印台的表面并未干燥。立即使印模与印台接触几分钟。然后将印模迅速转移到盛有纯缓冲溶液的另一容器中,该容器中含有目标基材。将印模在基材上压几分钟。最后将改性的基材插入不含要印刷/压印的分子的缓冲溶液中保存。
工艺3(参见方案3):
将印模浸在所需分子的溶液中。分子吸附到印模表面。几小时之后,将印模迅速转移到盛有纯缓冲溶液的容器中,使得印模的表面并未干燥。此缓冲溶液中含有将把分子转移到其上的基材。使印模与基材接触几分钟。最后将改性的基材插入不含要印刷/压印的分子的无蛋白质缓冲溶液中保存。
工艺4(参见方案4):
使其上已经固定了要被压印的分子的方案1、2或3的印模在将其从墨水溶液中取出之后立即与基材在环境条件下接触。这必须在印模是湿的条件下完成。将印模与附着的基材立即放入盛有纯缓冲溶液的容器中。几分钟之后转移完成。最后将改性的基材插入不含要印刷/压印的分子的缓冲溶液中保存。
在下文中,参照附图进行说明:
附图说明
图1:cyt c在(MUA)/金上的SEM图像。所示线为1μm到150nm,并且之间具有相等间距。暗线是cyt c分子。
图2:cyt c在MUA/金上的循环伏安曲线(扫描速率:5OmV/s;参比电极:SCE)。不含cyt c(-)、从溶液中吸附的cyt c(▲)、在原地压印或印刷后的cyt c(■)和在环境压印或印刷后的cyt c(·)的参考基材。
图3:cyt c在MUA/金上的循环伏安曲线(扫描速率:5OmV/s;参比电极:SCE)。比较了印模在接触基材之前于缓冲容器中保持的不同时间,即5s(■)、10min(▲)和2h(-)。
图4:显示了本发明的不同具体实施方案1-4的示意图。
具体实施方式
更具体地说,图4及其中所示的方案可以总结如下:
方案1:
原地微接触印刷工艺的示意图。将印台放入细胞色素c缓冲溶液中2h。将印模在印台上放置2min。将印模取出并无需干燥而与缓冲溶液迅速接触。被浸入缓冲溶液的是被疏基十一烷酸SAM覆盖的金基材。使印模与基材共形接触2min然后脱离。
方案2:
原地微接触印刷工艺的示意图。将印台浸入含有所需分子的溶液中。几小时之后将印台迅速转移到盛有缓冲溶液的容器中。立即使印模与印台接触几分钟。随后将印模转移到盛有缓冲溶液的容器中,该容器中还含有目标基材。将印模压在基材上几分钟随后脱离。
方案3:
原地微接触印刷工艺的示意图。将印模浸在所需分子的溶液中。分子吸附到印模表面。几小时之后将印模迅速转移到盛有纯缓冲溶液的容器中,该容器中含有目标基材。使印模与基材共形接触几分钟,随后脱离。
方案4:
使根据方案1、2或3制备的湿印模在将其从墨水溶液中取出之后立即与基材在环境条件下发生接触。将印模与附着的基材立即浸入盛有纯缓冲溶液的容器中。几分钟之后将印模与基材脱离。
此外,参考以下实施例,它们只用于说明而不用于限制本发明。
实施例
A)印模和功能/结构研究
对于本领域技术人员来说很明显的是,基材和印模的选择取决于要图案化的分子。例如对于本领域技术人员来说很明显的是,如果要印刷核酸,则亲水性和疏水性的基材是适合的。根据基材的亲水性,DNA可以以束的形式(疏水性表面)或以单独的股(亲水性基材)固定。本领域技术人员还清楚,要将含有半胱氨酸基团的蛋白质转移到金上必须使用隔离层(例如巯基SAM)覆盖裸露的金表面,以免半胱氨酸结合到金上使蛋白质变性。另一方面本领域技术人员还清楚,亲水性的多肽(具有不确定的叔碳和季碳结构)如多细胞溶素可被印刷到亲水性的氧化硅表面上。本领域技术人员还清楚,印模材料的选择取决于图案尺寸。最小图案尺寸强烈依赖于材料的拉伸模量,例如拉伸模量为1MPa的聚二甲基硅氧烷适于印刷直到300nm的图案,而对于小于300nm的图案,拉伸模量为1GPa的聚烯烃可能是适用的。本领域技术人员还清楚,要大面积地印刷图案的话,用柔性塑性材料制造的柔性印模比用任何其它材料制造的都更优选,因为柔性印模能够在整个面积上都产生共形接触。本领域技术人员还清楚,印模和基材的亲水性以及要转移的生物分子的溶解度决定着该生物分子与印台、印模和基材的相互作用。
用于本工艺的印模通常由弹性体、塑性体、离子聚合物、抗蚀剂材料制成,也可以由硬质材料如晶体和多晶材料制成。也可以使用这些材料的组合来制造复合印模(软-软、软-硬以及硬-硬)。印模通过滴铸和热或光引发的固化或者通过热压印技术由原版(master)制造,其中根据需要所述原版用脱模层例如(1,1,2,2-十三氟-辛基)-三氯硅烷或十二烷硫酸钠(SDS)的单层钝化。可以通过将印模表面暴露于例如氧等离子或通过使其起化学反应而对印模表面的表面进行化学改性。
对于下面进一步公开的具体实施方案,使用了来自Dow Chemicals的POP(聚烯烃塑性体)(Affinity VP 8770G)。将POP加热到85℃并以90kPa的压强压入用(1,1,2,2,-十三氟-辛基)-三氯硅烷(Sigma Aldrich)钝化的氧化硅(Sioxide)原版中。
所有具体实施方案都使用马心细胞色素c作模型体系来进行。
使用由运行2.4版CorrWare软件的PC控制的PAR Model 283恒电位仪来研究蛋白质的氧化还原活性。工作电极是直径3,5mm的金(l11)单晶圆柱体。为进行测量,应用了悬挂弯月面(hanging meniscus)法。在此方法中,通过形成弯月使单晶体的特定金属面与电解质发生接触。将Au晶体在硫酸中清洗。火焰退火之后将金(l11)晶体放入疏基十一酸(MUA)(Sigma-Aldrich)中10min,随后用乙醇和MilliQ水(18.2MΩ,碳总量3-4ppm)冲洗。使用标准甘汞电极(SCE)作参考电极;反电极为铂线圈。将装置放在法拉第笼中以减少电子噪声。
为SEM成像,将5nm的铬层和50nm和金层蒸镀到一片氧化硅晶片上。芯片也用硫酸进行清洗,火焰退火并放入10mM的MUA(Sigma-Aldrich)的乙醇溶液中放置10min。
B)制备和印刷
使用pH值为7浓度为3.26mM的磷酸钠溶液(Na2HPO4/NaH2PO4)(Merck)作缓冲剂来准备12.6μM的马心cyt c(Sigma-Aldrich)溶液。将聚二甲硅氧烷(PDMS)(Sylgard184,Dow Coming)印台浸入该cyt c溶液中。2h之后,将印模放入该溶液中并轻轻地压在印台上保持2min。印台与印模一旦分开,立即将印模无需干燥就放入包含基材的缓冲溶液中,以用薄的湿膜覆盖蛋白质,以在把印模从一种溶液转移到另一种的过程中保持期望的生理条件。转移时间小于5s。在将印模转移到包含基材的溶液中之后,通过施加柔和的指压使印模与基材共形接触2min,以把蛋白质从印模转移到MUA改性的Au基材上。cyt c向MUASAM上的固定基于静电作用。
MUA的酸基被去除质子并由此带上负电荷,而cyt c具有正的净电荷。由于赖氨酸基团的正电荷位于cyt c的一侧,所以cyt c在表面上的取向总是相同的。图1显示了转移的图案的SEM图像。四个150nm宽的线被150nm宽的间隙(右侧)清楚地分开。转移的线之间的空隙中没有分子。看不到μCP的任何共同缺陷或缺点如墨水分子的流挂或扩散。
C)循环伏安法测量
采用循环伏安法测量用非结构化的印模压印到Au/Cr涂覆的硅/Sioxide晶片上的蛋白质的氧化还原活性。蛋白质以与B)中相同的方式压印。在将蛋白质转移到基材上之后,将基材直接转移到测量池中。图2示出了根据本发明的原地μCP工艺(″原地印刷″)之后的cyt c与在环境条件(其中cyt c在印模上已经干燥)下压印的cyt c(“在环境条件下压印”)、以及从溶液中吸附的cyt c(″溶液中的cyt c″)相比的循环伏安曲线。在所有情形下,都在E0=-60mV的氧化还原电势处出现一个清楚且可逆的氧化还原峰。峰的对称表明cyt c被吸附的到表面上。在氧化还原电势处的电流与通过原地印刷和从溶液中吸附而制备的试样相当,而在环境条件下观测到的转移的蛋白质的电流要小70%。这可能是由于较低的蛋白质密度或干燥过程导致的功能部分损失而造成的。
工艺的一个重要方面似乎在于印模暴露于缓冲溶液未与基材发生共形接触的持续时间。图3显示了转移的蛋白质在印模暴露于缓冲溶液5s-120min(5s、10min和2h)之后转移过程之前的氧化还原活性。印模暴露于缓冲溶液的时间越长,在氧化还原电势下的电流越低。电流的降低是由印模上的表面覆盖度下降所造成的。由于蛋白质只是通过伦敦力弱吸附在印模表面上,浓度梯度驱使蛋白质脱附到缓冲溶液中。
根据本发明的方法允许通过采用原地工艺将生物分子图案化到小至150nm的尺寸并同时保持它们的结构完整性和功能。
在说明书、权利要求书和/或附图中所公开的本发明的特征即可以单独又可以以其任意组合用于以其各种形式实施本发明。
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Claims (24)
1.一种利用微接触印刷工艺在基片上图案化分子的方法,通过该方法使将要图案化的分子在整个微接触印刷工艺过程中被保持在溶剂中或被溶剂覆盖,所述方法包括以下步骤:
a)提供在溶剂中的将要图案化的分子,和提供图案化的表面,
b)在将所述分子保持在所述溶剂中或被所述溶剂覆盖的同时,将所述要图案化的分子转移到所述图案化的表面上并将它们固定于其上,
c)提供基材,并使具有固定在其上的所述分子的所述图案化的表面与所述基材发生共形接触,从而在所述基材上建立所述分子的图案,同时将所述分子保持在所述溶剂中或被所述溶剂覆盖,
其中在步骤a)中,在所述溶剂中提供所述分子并首先将其固定在位于所述溶剂之内的印台上。
2.根据权利要求1的方法,其中所述微接触印刷法中不存在干燥步骤。
3.根据权利要求1的方法,其中在步骤b)中,使具有固定于其上的所述分子的所述印台与所述图案化表面在含有将要图案化的所述分子、所述溶剂和任选地缓冲剂的第一溶剂环境中发生共形接触,由此将所述分子转移到所述图案化的表面并将它们固定于其上。
4.根据权利要求3的方法,其中在步骤c)中,在含有所述溶剂和任选地缓冲剂的第二溶剂环境中提供所述基材,且其中具有固定于其上的所述分子的所述图案化表面在步骤b)之后被转移到所述第二溶剂环境中并与所述基材发生共形接触。
5.根据权利要求1的方法,其中在步骤b)中,在将具有固定于其上的所述分子的所述印台转移到含有所述溶剂和任选地缓冲剂的第二溶剂环境中之后,使具有固定于其上的所述分子的所述印台与所述图案化表面在所述第二溶剂环境中发生共形接触,从而将所述分子转移到所述图案化的表面并将它们固定于其上。
6.根据权利要求5的方法,其中在步骤c)中,在含有所述溶剂和任选地缓冲剂的第三溶剂环境中提供所述基材,且其中具有固定于其上的所述分子的所述图案化表面在步骤b)之后被转移到所述第三溶剂环境中并与所述基材发生共形接触。
7.根据权利要求1的方法,其中步骤c)中使所述图案化表面与所述基材共形接触发生在将所述要图案化的分子固定在所述图案化表面上之后不长于180min的时间段内。
8.根据权利要求1的方法,其中在步骤c)之后,所述图案化表面被从所述基材上提起,从而留下其上具有所述分子的图案的基材。
9.根据权利要求8的方法,其中其上具有分子图案的所述基材被保持在任选地含有缓冲剂的溶剂中或被其覆盖。
10.根据权利要求1的方法,其中所述要图案化的分子选自蛋白质,核酸,脂质,以及上述物质的组合。
11.根据权利要求10的方法,其中要被图案化的所述分子是蛋白质分子。
12.根据权利要求1的方法,其中由于在整个微接触印刷工艺过程中所述要图案化的分子都被保持在溶剂中或被溶剂覆盖,所以它们在整个工艺过程中都保留其功能和/或活性和/或天然构象。
13.根据权利要求12的方法,其中所述要图案化的分子在整个微接触印刷工艺过程中都被保持在生理条件下。
14.根据权利要求1的方法,其中所述基材包括能促进所述基材通过共价键、静电力、范德华力、氢键、伦敦力或它们的任意组合而与所述要图案化的分子结合的隔离层和/或粘合层。
15.根据权利要求1的方法,其中所述基材选自金属;半金属;单晶材料;多晶材料;复合材料;塑料;用分子层改性以直接结合或间接结合的任何上述材料;或用带有用于结合相应抗原的抗体的分子层改性的、或用带有用于结合相应抗体的抗原的分子层改性的、或用带有用于特异结合分子的受体的分子层改性的任何上述材料。
16.根据权利要求1的方法,其中所述图案化表面由选自以下的材料制成:单晶材料;多晶材料;氧化硅;层压复合材料体系;非晶态材料;塑料;抗蚀剂材料。
17.根据权利要求1的方法,其中所述印台由选自以下的材料制成:单晶材料;多晶材料;氧化硅;层压复合材料体系;非晶态材料;塑料;抗蚀剂材料。
18.根据权利要求1的方法,其中所述要图案化的分子选自蛋白质分子、酶、核酸、脂质。
19.根据权利要求1的方法,其中所述要图案化的分子是具有一个或几个赖氨酸残基的蛋白质分子,且其中所述基材为金。
20.根据权利要求1的方法,其中图案包含长度为约10nm到500μm的特征。
21.由根据上述权利要求中任何一项的方法制造并在其上包含能保持其功能和/或活性和/或天然构象的分子的图案的基材。
22.根据权利要求21所述的基材在传感器、生物反应器或引导细胞生长中的应用。
23.一种用于实施权利要求1-20中任何一项的方法的设备,包括:
-容纳要图案化的分子的溶液的第一装置,
-图案化的表面,
-基材,被保持在溶剂中或被溶剂覆盖,
-用于将所述要图案化的分子从所述第一装置转移到所述图案化表面的第二装置,
-用于将所述要图案化的分子从所述图案化表面转移到所述基材的第三装置,
-用于保证所述要图案化的分子在从所述第一装置转移到所述图案化表面再到所述基材的过程中被保持在溶剂中或被溶剂覆盖的第四装置。
24.根据权利要求23的设备,其中所述第二装置是印台。
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EP05023880A EP1782886A1 (en) | 2005-11-02 | 2005-11-02 | A method of patterning molecules on a substrate using a micro-contact printing process |
EP05023880.7 | 2005-11-02 |
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CN104030238B (zh) * | 2014-06-12 | 2015-12-09 | 西安交通大学 | 微接触压印实现图形化ZnO纳米线阵列的制备方法 |
CN105502281B (zh) * | 2014-10-09 | 2017-06-13 | 中国科学院苏州纳米技术与纳米仿生研究所 | 一种金属图形化方法 |
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