CN1955761A - Ring-shape laser magnetometer - Google Patents
Ring-shape laser magnetometer Download PDFInfo
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- CN1955761A CN1955761A CN 200510100641 CN200510100641A CN1955761A CN 1955761 A CN1955761 A CN 1955761A CN 200510100641 CN200510100641 CN 200510100641 CN 200510100641 A CN200510100641 A CN 200510100641A CN 1955761 A CN1955761 A CN 1955761A
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- magnetometer
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Abstract
A laser magnetometer of ring form is prepared as setting Faraday magneto-optic material to be rectangular form, utilizing two gain tubes being set with the same parameter and being set symmetrically to provide light amplification and to overcome Zeeman effect, applying crystal quarts to generate component on internal light path of Faraday magneto-optic material in circular polarization light laser and applying flint glass in length of several mm and thickness of a dozen mm as Faraday magneto-optic material.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to low-intensity magnetic field and magnetic field of the earth component measurement instrument.
Background technology
Magnetometer is widely used in departments such as geology, geophysics, military affairs.Present component magnetometer mainly contains two kinds of flux-gate magnetometer and magnetic balances.The former is made of the permalloy ring that is with two skew coils (or rod), by the harmonic measure terrestrial magnetic field of induction electromotive force.Magnetic balance is made up of a ferromagnetic material, surveys the terrestrial magnetic field size by this material stressed size in the terrestrial magnetic field.These two kinds of component magnetometer precision and degree of stability are not high, and the raising again of sensitivity is also met difficulty.
Summary of the invention
Purpose of the present invention is intended to make the component magnetometer that a kind of high stability or high sensitivity or both have concurrently, is used for geomagnetic field measuring.
Core of the present invention is that the susceptibility of four frequency loop lasers of diagonal angle speed sensitive is done radical change, develops into a low-intensity magnetic field sensor.
The annular laser magnetometer sonde configuration is consulted accompanying drawing 1.
Four corner reflectors (M1), (M2), (M3), (M4) place on four angles of a rectangle, and its reflecting surface normal and right angle bisector overlap.The kapillary axis of two He-Ne laser gain pipes (A1), (A2) and rectangle two opposite side overlap, (B) be the quartz crystal of 4817 millimeters of block lengths, (c) be long several centimetres to tens a centimetres flint glass, magneto-optic memory technique rod (111) (111) Gd such as terbium glass
3Ga
5O
12On the substrate (BiTm) of liquid phase epitaxy
3(FeGa)
3O
12Deng monocrystal thin films, (M5), (M6) be two completely reflecting mirrors, the light that will advance counterclockwise and the light of advancing clockwise reflex on (M7) respectively.(M7) be that semi-transparent semi-reflecting lens is used for mixing light of advancing counterclockwise and the light of advancing clockwise, and mixed light is divided into two bundles.(D1), (D2) is by a slice quarter-wave plate and the wave filter that polariscope is formed.(E1), (E2) is photelectric receiver.(G1), (G2) is amplifier.(H) be microprocessor system.
Its principle of work is as follows: above-mentioned four corner reflectors constitute the rectangular laser resonator cavity, laser gain pipe (A1), (A2) provide amplification to light, quartz crystal (B) makes and forms left-handed garden polarized light and dextrorotation garden polarized light in the loop, dextrorotation garden polarized light and left-handed garden polarized light have two bundles respectively again: a branch of light and a branch of light that moves counterclockwise along loop that moves clockwise along loop, they are defined as positive rotation and negative rotation light concerning magnetic field, just, negative rotation light has different optical path differences, light path extent to be proportional to magnetic field of the earth projection h on the light path in material c when being in big length (1) magneto-optic memory technique (c) in the magnetic field.By the loop light path must be wavelength integral multiple principle, and positive and negative optically-active will have different wavelength, and different frequencies is also promptly arranged, and this difference on the frequency is proportional to magnetic field of the earth h.Record difference on the frequency and also just known the size of h.It both had been included in the clockwise light of dextrorotation, in the light frequency difference that dextrorotation is counterclockwise, was also contained in left-handed clockwise light, in the left-handed counterclockwise light frequency difference.
The measurement of difference on the frequency is realized by following structure:
The light of advancing counterclockwise arrives (M5) after (M3) outgoing and arrives (M7) again, clockwise the light built of row arrives (M6) after (M3) outgoing and arrives (M7) again, the laser that all contains four kinds of compositions from the two-beam of (M7) outgoing: left-handed clockwise garden polarized light, left-handed counterclockwise garden polarized light, the clockwise garden of dextrorotation polarized light, dextrorotation is counterclockwise garden polarized light.Wave filter (D1), (D2) allow right-handed rotation (comprising a positive rotation and a negative rotation light) and left-handed rotation (comprising a positive rotation and a negative rotation light) to pass through respectively, two emergent lights form " photo-beat " on its path of passing through, the frequency of " photo-beat " is the difference on the frequency of positive and negative optically-active, characterizes the size of geomagnetic field component h.Two photo-beats are received by photelectric receiver (E1), (E2) respectively, send into after amplifying through amplifier (G1), (G2) and pray for the processor numeration, and the numeration of laevorotatory numeration and right-handed rotation summation, be converted into the size in magnetic field at last.Left-handed rotation counting and the summation of right-handed rotation counting have not only improved sensitivity, and have eliminated the influence of bright wrong your stream and the zero migration that earth rotation is introduced.
Annular laser magnetometer sensitivity principle formula is provided by following formula:
Fh＝(2cvl/πl)h
In the formula: Fh---the numeration of annular laser magnetometer output;
C---the light velocity;
The optical path length of L---loop;
V---Verdet constant;
The length of l---faraday magneto-optical materials;
H---tested projection amount on the light path in faraday magneto-optical materials.
The present invention is for making ring laser insensitive such as factors such as angular velocity, temperature, magnetic field sensitively only,
Embodiment
1, long for the stabilized lasers resonator cavity, two corner reflectors are fixed on the devitrified glass piece, and other two corner reflectors are attached to earlier on the piezoelectric ceramics, are fixed on piezoelectric ceramics on the above-mentioned devitrified glass piece again and above-mentioned two corner reflectors composition rectangular laser resonator cavity.Add a variable voltage on piezoelectric ceramics, the change that comes stable resonator length to cause because of variation of ambient temperature is shortened in the elongation of voltage control wound piezoelectric ceramics thus.The size of voltage is provided by closed circuit left-handed garden polarized light and dextrorotation garden polarized light light intensity difference frequency stabilizing method.
2, each corner reflector is hard deielectric-coating.For the reflection differences of eliminating garden polarized light s, P component causes the ellipse garden degree of garden polarized light, each corner reflector is 25 layers, 27 layers or 29 tunics system, rather than the less film system of the number of plies that adopts on the present various laser instrument.
3, laser gain battalion commander degree is 150 millimeters to 300 millimeters, and its operation wavelength can be decided to be 0.6328 μ and 115 μ according to used magneto-optic faraday material.In order to eliminate Zeeman effect, they should have identical parameter and manufacturing process, and place respectively on two symmetrical limits of rectangle loop, are negative rotation light when making the positive rotation arrival (A2) in (A1), and Zeeman effect is offset.Can also on laser gain pipe, further reduce the influence of Zeeman effect with reverse magnetic field, this direction terrestrial magnetic field with coil in addition.
4, magneto-optic faraday material can be used flint glass. cerium glass, Shi glass, Shi aluminium garnet or (111) Gd
3Ga
5O
12On the substrate (BiTm) of liquid phase epitaxy
3(FeGa)
3O
12Monocrystal thin films.Flint glass has good survey magnetic temperature stability; Terbium glass is with the Shi aluminium garnet has higher survey magnetic sensitivity, but big temperature coefficient is arranged, uses a little Dewar flask will its immersion mixture of ice and water or liquid nitrogen in be its constant temperature.Be dipped in the liquid nitrogen not only can to its constant temperature but also its survey magnetic sensitivity than at room temperature bigger several times.When using above-mentioned three kinds of materials, the laser work wavelength of annular laser magnetometer is 0.6328 μ, and length of material is several centimetres to tens centimetres.Use (111) Gd
3Ga
5O
12On the substrate (BiTm) of liquid phase epitaxy
3(FeGa)
3O
12The annular laser magnetometer of monocrystal thin films has quite high sensitivity, and its operation wavelength should be 1.15 μ, and material is overlapped by a few sheet epitaxy films and forms, and total epitaxy layer thickness is tens microns to up to a hundred microns.
5, the light in the annular laser magnetometer laserresonator can be exported on a corner reflector, also can be provided by the residual reflection on it on any the element end face in laserresonator.See Fig. 2.
6, the sensitivity of adopting " photo-beat " segmentation or frequency doubling technology to improve annular laser magnetometer.
7, the diaphragm of laser gain pipe, crystalline quartz, all end faces of magneto-optic faraday material all plate with anti-reflection deielectric-coating.
The present invention has following advantage:
1 belongs to natural component magnetometer, and the logical light path in the faraday magneto-optical materials namely is institute's measuring magnetic field component Direction.
2 compare with existing natural component magnetometer, and its temperature coefficient is very little even can ignore. This is because ring The faraday magneto-optical materials that the shape laser magnetometer is used, the own magneto-optic coefficient that has does not become (such as fire with temperature Stone glass), its temperature coefficient of the material that has (such as terbium glass etc.) is known, controls easily and compensates.
3 have higher sensitivity. By the magneto-optic faraday material that uses and consideration segmentation frequency doubling technology, loop laser Magnetometer sensitivity can be between 1nT～0.001nT (1nT=10-9Oersted).
4 annular laser magnetometers do not have electric oscillation and the electromagentic resonance of other magnetometers, are not broadcasted Disturb Deng external electromagnetic field.
Claims (7)
1, a kind of natural component magnetometer, it is characterized in that: four catoptrons (M1) (M2) (M3) (M4) constitute a rectangular laser resonator cavity, place two laser gain pipes (A1) (A2) in the resonator cavity, an a slice quartz crystal (B) and a faraday magneto-optical materials (c) characterize the magnetic field size by the light frequency difference; The detection of optical frequency rate variance by two completely reflecting mirrors (M5) (M6), a slice semi-transflective reflective (M7), two wave filters (D1) (D2) two photelectric receivers (E1) (E2), two amplifiers (G1) are (G2) and microprocessor H (or single card microcomputer) composition of numeration function arranged.
2, by claim 1 described magnetometer, it is characterized in that four corner reflectors are 25 layers, 27 layers, 29 layers hard dielectric coating series.
3, by claim 1 described magnetometer, it is characterized in that having two parameters identical, place respectively on two relative limits of rectangle light path laser gain pipe (A1) (A2), operation wavelength is 0.6328 μ or 115 μ.
4, by claim 3 described magnetometers, it is characterized in that being with on the laser gain pipe magnetic field that can offset along on the laser gain pipe axis direction.
5, by claim 1 described magnetometer, it is characterized in that faraday magneto-optical materials (c) can be a flint glass, cerium glass, Shi glass, terbium aluminium garnet or (111) Gd
3Ga
5O
12On the substrate (BiTm) of liquid phase epitaxy
3(FeGa)
3O
12Deng monocrystal thin films.
6, by claim 5 described magnetometers, it is characterized in that available mixture of ice and water of faraday magneto-optical materials (c) or liquid nitrogen are its constant temperature.
7,, it is characterized by with microprocessor (H) the difference on the frequency numeration summation of laevorotatory difference on the frequency and right-handed rotation is handled and frequency multiplication by claim 1 described magnetometer.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN 200510100641 CN1955761A (en) | 2005-10-25 | 2005-10-25 | Ring-shape laser magnetometer |
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| CN 200510100641 CN1955761A (en) | 2005-10-25 | 2005-10-25 | Ring-shape laser magnetometer |
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Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN104335060A (en) * | 2011-12-07 | 2015-02-04 | 德克萨斯仪器股份有限公司 | Micro-fabricated atomic magnetometer and method of forming |
| CN106125016A (en) * | 2016-05-26 | 2016-11-16 | 中国人民解放军国防科学技术大学 | Hypersensitive annular laser magnetometer based on fast photo effect and using method |
| CN106483478A (en) * | 2016-10-10 | 2017-03-08 | 中国科学技术大学 | A kind of high-accuracy magnetometer based on the weak measurement of new quantum |
-
2005
- 2005-10-25 CN CN 200510100641 patent/CN1955761A/en active Pending
Cited By (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN104335060A (en) * | 2011-12-07 | 2015-02-04 | 德克萨斯仪器股份有限公司 | Micro-fabricated atomic magnetometer and method of forming |
| CN104335060B (en) * | 2011-12-07 | 2017-07-14 | 德克萨斯仪器股份有限公司 | The atom magnetometer of micro manufacturing |
| CN106125016A (en) * | 2016-05-26 | 2016-11-16 | 中国人民解放军国防科学技术大学 | Hypersensitive annular laser magnetometer based on fast photo effect and using method |
| CN106125016B (en) * | 2016-05-26 | 2019-01-04 | 中国人民解放军国防科学技术大学 | Hypersensitive annular laser magnetometer and application method based on fast luminous effect |
| CN106483478A (en) * | 2016-10-10 | 2017-03-08 | 中国科学技术大学 | A kind of high-accuracy magnetometer based on the weak measurement of new quantum |
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