CN1950744A - Three-dimensional display - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention provides a three-dimensional display capable of eliminating color non-uniformity and intensity non-uniformity on a three-dimensional image. The three-dimensional display comprises: a two-dimensional display, which comprises a plurality of color subpixels arranged in rows extending in a horizontal direction and in columns extending in a vertical direction which is substantially perpendicular to the horizontal direction, the color subpixels of red, green and blue being arranged periodically in the rows and the color subpixels of the same color being arranged in the columns; and a lenticular sheet provided on the two-dimensional display and having a plurality of cylindrical lenses through which the color subpixels are viewed and which extend in parallel with one another, the central axis of each cylindrical lens being inclined at an angle of theta to the column of the two-dimensional display, wherein, when a pitch of the color subpixels in the horizontal direction is px, a pitch of the color subpixels in the vertical direction is py, and a color subpixel group constituting one three-dimensional pixel is constituted by 3M*N number of color subpixels where 3M is the number of color subpixels in each row of one of the cylindrical lenses and N is the number of color subpixels in each column of one of the cylindrical lenses, a relationship, theta = tan -1 (3px /NPy ), is satisfied.

Description

Three dimensional display

Technical field

The present invention relates to the 3-D view display mode, relate in particular to the 3-D view that uses micro-lens sheet (lenticular sheet) and show.

Background technology

At present, the display mode of three dimensional display is a main flow in eyes formula stereo display mode.It makes the people obtain stereoscopic sensation as its principle to show different images at left and right sides eyes.In eyes formula stereo display mode, the direction of observation of object does not change, does not have the shortcoming of motion parallax when having people's moving-head.And the focusing of eyes, i.e. focusing drop on the screen that shows image, have the inconsistent contradiction of display position with three-dimensional body.This contradiction is to produce asthenopic reason when observing 3-D view.

People require three dimensional display can carry out 3-D display more naturally.This can realize by show a plurality of images simultaneously on different horizontal directions.In many formula stereo display modes, on the horizontal direction in space, set a plurality of viewpoints, show different images in each viewpoint.By making viewpoint littler than two interorbital spaces at interval, and show different images at left and right sides eyes.When increasing number of views, the image of seeing during moving-head changes, and can obtain motion parallax.

Recently, people have proposed following method: spatially do not set viewpoint, but be the directivity pattern picture for the parallel projection image that different projecting directions is prepared a plurality of three-dimensional bodies, on the direction of correspondence, show (for example, with reference to non-patent literature 1) simultaneously with quasi-parallel light.Following content is also disclosed: when increase the directivity pattern that will show as the time, can obtain the motion parallax of nature.Especially be 64 o'clock getting the directive property amount of images, can carry out the focusing of eyes, can solve the kopiopia (for example, with reference to non-patent literature 2) when observing 3-D view 3-D view.

As mentioned above, in three dimensional display, need show a plurality of images in the horizontal direction.Constitute the three dimensional display display surface, by the pixel that horizontal/vertical disposes, have a plurality of horizontal display directions, need to be controlled at light intensity and the color that shows on each horizontal direction.Be referred to as three-dimensional pixel.

As the constructive method of the three dimensional display that has a plurality of display directions in the horizontal direction, well-known handlebar micro-lens sheet is combined to the method on the two dimensional display such as liquid crystal board.Here, so-called micro-lens sheet be with a plurality of one dimension lens be cylindrical lens be configured in lens center axle orthogonal directions on thin slice.It is consistent with the display surface of liquid crystal board that the cylindrical lens of formation micro-lens sheet is configured to its focus face.The display surface of two dimensional display is made of a plurality of pixels that are configured to horizontal/vertical, makes a cylindrical lens and a plurality of pixels that are configured in the horizontal direction constitute three-dimensional pixel accordingly.With horizontal range, come definite light that penetrates from this pixel by horizontal direct of travel behind the cylindrical lens from the cylindrical lens central shaft to each pixel.Thus, obtain the horizontal display direction identical with employed horizontal pixel quantity.In this constructive method, when horizontal display direction was increased, the resolution that the horizontal direction of 3-D display can occur extremely reduced, and, the unbalanced problem of resolution of the horizontal/vertical of generation 3-D display.

The method that addresses this problem is suggested (with reference to patent documentation 1).Figure 1A is with the figure of the structure of the homeotropic alignment direction tilted configuration of the relative pixel of micro-lens sheet in the expression prior art.In Figure 1A, illustration realize the colored constructive method that shows, the pixel among the figure is the RGB color pixel.By horizontal direction be M, vertical direction to be N be that M * N color pixel constitutes a three-dimensional pixel, realize the individual horizontal display direction of M * N.At this moment, when the pitch angle of micro-lens sheet is θ, according to θ=tan ^-1(p _x/ Np _y), can set horizontal range for different value with respect to the cylindrical lens central shaft of all color pixels in the three-dimensional pixel.Here, p _xBe the level interval (pitch) of color pixel, p _yIt is the vertical interval of color pixel.

Following content is disclosed in the prior art shown in Figure 1A: establish N=2, M=7/2, use 7 color pixels to constitute a three-dimensional pixel, realized 7 horizontal display directions.Like this, by tilting to use micro-lens sheet 3, color pixel 2 that not only can the usage level direction, can also use the color pixel 2 of vertical direction, constitute a three-dimensional pixel, can suppress the reduction of the horizontal direction resolution of 3-D display, and can improve the standard/balance of vertical direction resolution.

Non-patent literature 1: Gao Mukang is rich, " using the three dimensional display through the multiple telecentric optical system of distortion two-dimensional arrangement ", image information medium association magazine, Vol.57, no.2, p294-300 (2003)

Non-patent literature 2: the rich military history of good fortune, the masterhand is expensive for a long time, Gao Mukang rich, " governing response in the 3-D view that the use high density of directivity pattern picture shows ", image information medium association magazine, Vol.58, no.1, p69-74 (2004)

Patent documentation 1: United States Patent (USP) the 6th, 064, No. 424

Summary of the invention

But in the disclosed display packing of Figure 1A, because make a color pixel corresponding with a horizontal display direction, therefore, three-dimensional pixel can only show a color in the RGB three primary colors on a horizontal display direction.Particularly in Figure 1B, show the Show Color of the 4th horizontal display direction in 7 horizontal display directions.Therefore, shown in Figure 1B, following method has been proposed: usually realize panchromatic demonstration by being used in combination 3 three dimensional images.

When the people observes the screen of three dimensional display, as shown in Figure 2, incide eyes from the light of a plurality of horizontal directions.Pointed out following problem in patent documentation 1 disclosed display packing: because the Show Color of the three-dimensional pixel on the horizontal display direction changes, therefore, 3-D view produces irregular colour.And, because depending on the pixel design of color pixel, maximum intensity changes about horizontal display direction, therefore, also there is the problem that produces the intensity inequality of horizontal direction in the optogram.

As mentioned above, in known up to now display packing, can only show a color in the three primary colors, in a three-dimensional pixel, show RGB panchromatic be impossible.And, owing to there is the intensity variation of display direction that pixel design causes, horizontal, therefore, also there is the problem that produces irregular colour or intensity inequality in the 3-D view.

And, in the prior art, be that the shape of color pixel of the two dimensional display of representative is made into rectangle with the LCD, recently,, use deformed shape such as multidomain (multi domain) shape for reaching purposes such as enlarging angle of visibility.Thus, the color pixel shape of two dimensional display is not limited to have the color pixel shape that is suitable for three dimensional display.Therefore, hope can be display panel used in three dimensional display with what develop as two dimensional display.

The inventor has finally finished the present invention because above-mentioned situation has been carried out diligent research and development in order to solve the problems of the technologies described above.Promptly, in first example of the present invention, a kind of three dimensional display is provided, comprise: two dimensional display, have the horizontally-arranged that is configured to extend on the horizontal direction with the vertical substantially vertical direction of this horizontal direction on a plurality of color pixels of the file of extending, periodically dispose the color pixel of red, green, blue on above-mentioned horizontally-arranged, the color pixel of above-mentioned file constitutes homochromyly; And micro-lens sheet, be set on the above-mentioned two dimensional display, and have a plurality of cylindrical lenses that are parallel to each other and extend, above-mentioned color pixel is observed by described cylindrical lens, above-mentioned cylindrical lens central shaft, with respect to the file cant angle theta angle of above-mentioned two dimensional display, described three dimensional display is when the spacing of the horizontal direction of establishing above-mentioned color pixel is p _x, the spacing of the vertical direction of color pixel is p _y, constitute the color pixel group of a three-dimensional pixel, by the horizontally-arranged of an above-mentioned cylindrical lens be 3M, the file of an above-mentioned cylindrical lens to be N be 3M * N above-mentioned color pixel when constituting, have θ=tan ^-1(3p _x/ Np _y) relational expression.According to said structure, in three dimensional display of the present invention, use the two dimensional display of color pixel as striped (stripe) configuration, for a horizontal display direction from the light of three-dimensional pixel, 3 kinds of color pixels are correspondence fully.

According to preferred implementation of the present invention, it is characterized in that, in above-mentioned three dimensional display, comprise the color pixel of LCD, OLED display or plasma display.

According to preferred implementation of the present invention, it is characterized in that in above-mentioned three dimensional display, above-mentioned N is 3 multiple.According to said structure, can be implemented on the horizontal display direction from the light of three-dimensional pixel and eliminate irregular colour.

According to preferred implementation of the present invention, it is characterized in that, in above-mentioned three dimensional display, Np _y≤ 3Mp _x

According to preferred implementation of the present invention, it is characterized in that in above-mentioned three dimensional display, the horizontal width and the vertical width of establishing above-mentioned color pixel are respectively w, h, then w=3p _x/ N.According to said structure, can realize eliminating with respect to intensity inequality from the horizontal display direction of the light of three-dimensional pixel.

According to preferred implementation of the present invention, it is characterized in that in above-mentioned three dimensional display, the value of above-mentioned w is [1-(1/2) (h/p _y)] (3p _x/ N)～[1+ (h/p _y)] (3p _x/ N) scope.

According to preferred implementation of the present invention, it is characterized in that in above-mentioned three dimensional display, the value of above-mentioned h is the value identical or approximate with w.According to said structure, can reduce variation from the light intensity on the horizontal display direction of the light of three-dimensional pixel.

According to preferred implementation of the present invention, it is characterized in that, in above-mentioned three dimensional display, be distributed as function f (s when what establish the maximum light intensity that penetrates from above-mentioned color pixel, t), with above-mentioned cylindrical lens central axes, with the horizontal range of above-mentioned central shaft be the straight line of x, when representing with s=-t tan θ+x, the light intensity that a color pixel on the above-mentioned straight line is interior and by

$I\left(x\right)=\underset{-\∞}{\overset{\∞}{\∫}}f(-t\tan \mathrm{\θ}+x,t)\mathrm{dt}$

Expression,

To the light intensity of the horizontal display direction  of above-mentioned three-dimensional pixel integral body by

$I_S\left(x\right)=\underset{i}{\mathrm{\Σ}}I(x+{\mathrm{ip}}_y\tan \mathrm{\θ})---\left(I\right)$

φ＝tan ^-1(x/f)

Provide, wherein, f is the focal length of cylindrical lens,

Setting each parameter, make above-mentioned formula (I) not rely on x, is the value of constant.

In addition, in second embodiment of the present invention, a kind of three dimensional display is provided, comprise: two dimensional display, have the horizontally-arranged that is configured to extend on the horizontal direction with the vertical substantially vertical direction of this horizontal direction on a plurality of color pixels of the file of extending, on above-mentioned file, periodically dispose the color pixel of red, green, blue; And micro-lens sheet, be set on the above-mentioned two dimensional display, and have a plurality of cylindrical lenses that are parallel to each other and extend, above-mentioned color pixel is observed by described cylindrical lens, above-mentioned cylindrical lens central shaft, with respect to the file cant angle theta angle of above-mentioned two dimensional display, described three dimensional display is when the spacing of the horizontal direction of establishing above-mentioned color pixel is p _x, the spacing of the vertical direction of color pixel is p _y, constitute the color pixel group of a three-dimensional pixel, by the horizontally-arranged of an above-mentioned cylindrical lens be 3M, the file of an above-mentioned cylindrical lens to be N be 3M * N above-mentioned color pixel when constituting, have θ=tan ^-1[(1-3/N) p _x/ p _y] relational expression.According to said structure, in three dimensional display of the present invention, use the two dimensional display of tilted configuration color pixel, for a horizontal display direction from the light of three-dimensional pixel, 3 kinds of color pixels are correspondence fully.

According to preferred implementation of the present invention, it is characterized in that, in above-mentioned three dimensional display, comprise the color pixel of LCD, OLED display or plasma display.

According to preferred implementation of the present invention, it is characterized in that in above-mentioned three dimensional display, above-mentioned N is 3 multiple.According to said structure, can be implemented on the horizontal display direction from the light of three-dimensional pixel and eliminate irregular colour.

According to preferred implementation of the present invention, it is characterized in that, in above-mentioned three dimensional display, Np _y≤ 3Mp _x

According to preferred implementation of the present invention, it is characterized in that in above-mentioned three dimensional display, the horizontal width and the vertical width of establishing above-mentioned color pixel are respectively w, h, then w=3p _x/ N.According to said structure, can eliminate with respect to intensity inequality from the horizontal display direction of the light of three-dimensional pixel.

According to preferred implementation of the present invention, it is characterized in that in above-mentioned three dimensional display, the value of above-mentioned w is that { 1-(1/2) is (h/p (N/3-1) _y) (3p _x/ N)≤w≤{ 1+ (N/3-1) (h/p _y) (3p _x/ N) scope according to said structure, can reduce the variation from the light intensity on the horizontal display direction of the light of three-dimensional pixel.

According to preferred implementation of the present invention, it is characterized in that in above-mentioned three dimensional display, the value of above-mentioned h is 3p _y/ (N-3).

According to preferred implementation of the present invention, it is characterized in that, in above-mentioned three dimensional display, if the maximum light intensity that penetrates from above-mentioned color pixel be distributed as function f (s, t), with above-mentioned cylindrical lens central axes, with the horizontal range of above-mentioned central shaft be the straight line of x, when representing with s=-t tan θ+x, the light intensity that a pixel on the above-mentioned straight line is interior and by

$I\left(x\right)=\underset{-\∞}{\overset{\∞}{\∫}}f(-t\tan \mathrm{\θ}+x,t)\mathrm{dt}$

Expression,

To the light intensity of the horizontal display direction  of above-mentioned three-dimensional pixel integral body by

$I_S\left(x\right)=\underset{i}{\mathrm{\Σ}}I(x+i(p_x-p_y\tan \mathrm{\θ}))---\left(\mathrm{II}\right)$

φ＝tan ^-1(x/f)

Provide, wherein, f is the focal length of cylindrical lens,

Setting each parameter, make above-mentioned formula (II) not rely on x, is the value of constant.

And, in the 3rd embodiment of the present invention, a kind of three dimensional display is provided, comprise: two dimensional display, have the horizontally-arranged that is configured to extend on the horizontal direction with the vertical substantially vertical direction of this horizontal direction on a plurality of color pixels of the file of extending, periodically dispose the color pixel of red, green, blue on above-mentioned horizontally-arranged, the color pixel of above-mentioned file constitutes homochromyly; Micro-lens sheet is set on the above-mentioned two dimensional display, and has a plurality of cylindrical lenses that are parallel to each other and extend, and above-mentioned color pixel is observed by described cylindrical lens; And aperture array, be set between above-mentioned two dimensional display and the above-mentioned micro-lens sheet, have a plurality of peristomes; Above-mentioned cylindrical lens central shaft, with respect to the file cant angle theta angle of above-mentioned two dimensional display, described three dimensional display is when the spacing of the horizontal direction of establishing above-mentioned color pixel is p _x, the spacing of the vertical direction of above-mentioned color pixel is p _y, the spacing of the horizontal direction of above-mentioned peristome is p _x', the spacing of the vertical direction of above-mentioned peristome is p _y', constitute the color pixel group of a three-dimensional pixel, by the horizontally-arranged of an above-mentioned cylindrical lens be 3M, the file of an above-mentioned cylindrical lens to be N be 3M * N above-mentioned color pixel when constituting, p _x=p _x', p _y=p _y', have θ=tan ^-1(3p _x'/Np _y') relational expression.In the 3rd embodiment of the present invention, by using the aperture array that is in predetermined relationship with respect to the shape of color pixel, can suppress dispersing of the light that penetrates from the color pixel of two dimensional display, generate optimal color pixel.

According to preferred implementation of the present invention, it is characterized in that, in above-mentioned three dimensional display, comprise the color pixel of LCD, OLED display or plasma display.

According to preferred implementation of the present invention, it is characterized in that in above-mentioned three dimensional display, above-mentioned N is 3 multiple.

According to preferred implementation of the present invention, it is characterized in that, in above-mentioned three dimensional display, Np _y'≤3Mp _x'.

According to preferred implementation of the present invention, it is characterized in that in above-mentioned three dimensional display, the horizontal width and the vertical width of establishing above-mentioned peristome are respectively w ', h ', then w '=3p _x'/N.

According to preferred implementation of the present invention, it is characterized in that, in above-mentioned three dimensional display, the value of above-mentioned w ' be  1-(1/2) (h '/p _y')  (3p _x'/N)～ 1+ (h '/p _y')  (3p _xThe scope of '/N).

According to preferred implementation of the present invention, it is characterized in that in above-mentioned three dimensional display, the value of above-mentioned h ' is and p _y' identical or approximate value.

According to preferred implementation of the present invention, it is characterized in that, in above-mentioned three dimensional display, if the maximum light intensity that penetrates from above-mentioned peristome be distributed as function f (s, t), with above-mentioned cylindrical lens central axes, with the horizontal range of above-mentioned central shaft be the straight line of x, when representing with s=-ttan θ+x, the light intensity that a color pixel on the above-mentioned straight line is interior and by

$I\left(x\right)=\underset{-\∞}{\overset{\∞}{\∫}}f(-t\tan \mathrm{\θ}+x,t)\mathrm{dt}$

Expression,

To the light intensity of the horizontal display direction  of above-mentioned three-dimensional pixel integral body by

$I_S\left(x\right)=\underset{i}{\mathrm{\Σ}}I(x+i{p_y}^{\′}\mathrm{an}\mathrm{\θ})---\left(\mathrm{III}\right)$

φ＝tan ^-1(x/f)

Provide, wherein, f is the focal length of cylindrical lens,

Setting each parameter, make above-mentioned formula (III) not rely on x, is the value of constant.

According to preferred implementation of the present invention, it is characterized in that in above-mentioned three dimensional display, above-mentioned color pixel has the multi-region that is divided into up and down.

According to preferred implementation of the present invention, it is characterized in that, in above-mentioned three dimensional display, also comprise the diffusing panel that is configured between above-mentioned two dimensional display and the above-mentioned aperture array.

And, in the 4th embodiment of the present invention, a kind of three dimensional display is provided, comprise: two dimensional display, have the horizontally-arranged that is configured to extend on the horizontal direction with the vertical substantially vertical direction of this horizontal direction on a plurality of color pixels of the file of extending, on above-mentioned file, periodically dispose the color pixel of red, green, blue; Micro-lens sheet is set on the above-mentioned two dimensional display, and has a plurality of cylindrical lenses that are parallel to each other and extend, and above-mentioned color pixel is observed by described cylindrical lens; And aperture array, be set between above-mentioned two dimensional display and the above-mentioned micro-lens sheet, have a plurality of peristomes; Above-mentioned cylindrical lens central shaft, with respect to the file cant angle theta angle of above-mentioned two dimensional display, described three dimensional display is when the spacing of the horizontal direction of establishing above-mentioned color pixel is p _x, the spacing of the vertical direction of above-mentioned color pixel is p _y, the spacing of the horizontal direction of above-mentioned peristome is p _x', the spacing of the vertical direction of above-mentioned peristome is p _y', constitute the color pixel group of a three-dimensional pixel, by the horizontally-arranged of an above-mentioned cylindrical lens be 3M, the file of an above-mentioned cylindrical lens to be N be 3M * N above-mentioned color pixel when constituting, p _x=p _x', p _y=p _y', have θ=tan ^-1[(1-3/N) p _x'/p _y'] relational expression.In the 4th embodiment of the present invention, by using the aperture array that is in predetermined relationship with respect to the shape of color pixel, can suppress dispersing of the light that penetrates from the color pixel of two dimensional display, generate optimal color pixel.

According to preferred implementation of the present invention, it is characterized in that, in above-mentioned three dimensional display, comprise the color pixel of LCD, OLED display or plasma display.

According to preferred implementation of the present invention, it is characterized in that in above-mentioned three dimensional display, above-mentioned N is 3 multiple.

According to preferred implementation of the present invention, it is characterized in that, in above-mentioned three dimensional display, N _y'≤3Mp _x'.

According to preferred implementation of the present invention, it is characterized in that in above-mentioned three dimensional display, the horizontal width and the vertical width of establishing above-mentioned peristome are respectively w ', h ', then w '=3p _x'/N.

According to preferred implementation of the present invention, it is characterized in that in above-mentioned three dimensional display, the value of above-mentioned w ' is that { 1-(1/2) is (h/p (N/3-1) _y') (3p _x'/N)≤w '≤{ 1+ (N/3-1) (h/p _y') (3p _xThe scope of '/N).

According to preferred implementation of the present invention, it is characterized in that in above-mentioned three dimensional display, the value of above-mentioned h ' is 3p _y'/(N-3).

According to preferred implementation of the present invention, it is characterized in that, in above-mentioned three dimensional display, if the maximum light intensity that penetrates from above-mentioned peristome be distributed as function f (s, t), with above-mentioned cylindrical lens central axes, with the horizontal range of above-mentioned central shaft be the straight line of x, when representing with s=-ttan θ+x, the light intensity that a color pixel on the above-mentioned straight line is interior and by

$I\left(x\right)=\underset{-\∞}{\overset{\∞}{\∫}}f(-t\tan \mathrm{\θ}+x,t)\mathrm{dt}$

Expression,

To the light intensity of the horizontal display direction  of above-mentioned three-dimensional pixel integral body by

$I_S\left(x\right)=\underset{i}{\mathrm{\Σ}}I(x+i(p_x-p_y\tan \mathrm{\θ}))---\left(\mathrm{IV}\right)$

φ＝tan ^-1(x/f)

Provide, wherein, f is the focal length of cylindrical lens,

Setting each parameter, make above-mentioned formula (IV) not rely on x, is the value of constant.

According to preferred implementation of the present invention, it is characterized in that in above-mentioned three dimensional display, above-mentioned color pixel has the multi-region that is divided into up and down.

According to preferred implementation of the present invention, it is characterized in that, in above-mentioned three dimensional display, also comprise the diffusing panel that is configured between above-mentioned two dimensional display and the above-mentioned aperture array.

According to the present invention, can on horizontal display direction, show a plurality of different images, realize having eliminated the three dimensional display of irregular colour and intensity inequality.

Description of drawings

Figure 1A is that diagram is illustrated in the colour demonstration based on 3-D display of prior art the vertical view of the relation between two dimensional display and the micro-lens sheet.Figure 1B represents to be presented at the color of the three-dimensional pixel of specified level direction.

Fig. 2 is the horizontal cross of the relation between horizontal display direction and the optogram in the diagram expression 3-D display.

Fig. 3 is the figure that roughly represents the structure of three-dimensional pixel in first embodiment of the present invention.

Fig. 4 A is the figure that is used to illustrate the horizontal display direction  of the light that penetrates from three-dimensional pixel.Fig. 4 B is the figure after the part on the plane 21 shown in the enlarged drawing 4A.

Fig. 5 is the figure that represents the relation of color pixel homochromy in first embodiment of the present invention and cylindrical lens.

Fig. 6 represents in the present invention, make color pixel be shaped as rectangle the time, the relation of horizontal display direction and maximum light intensity.Fig. 6 A represents the situation of h tan θ≤w, and Fig. 6 B represents the situation of h tan θ 〉=w.

Fig. 7 A, 7B represent in the present invention, the maximum light intensity of the horizontal display direction of a three-dimensional pixel become the figure of constant condition.Here, shown in Fig. 7 A, maximum light intensity does not change along with horizontal display direction, is to satisfy the situation that representative partially overlaps for the platform shape hypotenuse portion of the intensity distributions of color pixel platform shape hypotenuse complete and in opposite directions.

Fig. 8 A, 8B, 8C, 8D are expressions for the intensity variation of the horizontal display direction of a three-dimensional pixel is the figure of 50% condition.

Fig. 9 roughly is illustrated in the embodiment of first embodiment of the present invention, the figure of the structure of three-dimensional pixel during N=6.

Figure 10 roughly is illustrated in the embodiment of first embodiment of the present invention, the figure of the structure of three-dimensional pixel during N=4.

Figure 11 A is the figure of expression for the maximum light intensity of the quantity of light emission distribution of the pixel of arbitrary shape, and Figure 11 B is the figure of expression for the maximum light intensity of the horizontal display direction of the pixel of arbitrary shape.

Figure 12 represents in the present invention, for the figure of the light intensity of the horizontal display direction of the three-dimensional pixel that uses the arbitrary shape color pixel.

Figure 13 is illustrated in second embodiment of the present invention, the figure of the relation of configuration of inclination color pixel and the horizontal range from the cylindrical lens central shaft to the color pixel center.

Figure 14 is in the embodiment of expression second embodiment of the present invention, the structure of three-dimensional pixel during N=6.

Figure 15 is in the embodiment of expression second embodiment of the present invention, the structure of three-dimensional pixel during N=4.

Figure 16 represents the general profile chart of three dimensional display in third and fourth embodiment of the present invention.

Figure 17 is the figure of the relation between two dimensional display and the aperture array in explanation third and fourth embodiment of the present invention.Profile line among Figure 17 is represented light shielding part.

Figure 18 is the general profile chart of an example of the expression color pixel structure that is used for two dimensional display of the present invention.RGB among Figure 18 has homochromy color pixel in vertical direction.

Figure 19 is illustrated in the three dimensional display of third and fourth embodiment of the present invention, is provided with the general profile chart of the three dimensional display of diffusing panel.

Figure 20 represents to be used for the skeleton diagram of the color pixel structure of embodiments of the invention.RGB among Figure 13 has homochromy color pixel in vertical direction.

Figure 21 A represents in the embodiments of the invention, and for the part of the intensity distributions of the horizontal display direction of a color pixel, Figure 21 B represents in the embodiments of the invention, for the part of the intensity distributions of the horizontal display direction of a three-dimensional pixel.

Figure 22 represents among the present invention, is designed to the specification of the three dimensional display of N=6.

Figure 23 represents to use the picture of the 3-D view that the three dimensional display manufactured experimently according to the specification of type i of the present invention obtains.

Embodiment

With reference to the description of drawings embodiments of the present invention.Following embodiment is to be used to illustrate example of the present invention, is not that the present invention only is defined in this embodiment.The present invention only otherwise break away from its technological thought can implement with variform.Because identical Reference numeral is represented identical part, therefore, be common to whole accompanying drawings of this instructions.

Three dimensional display of the present invention has two dimensional display and the micro-lens sheet that is configured on this two dimensional display.

(first embodiment of the present invention)

In two dimensional display used in the present invention, in order to realize colored demonstration, the 3 kind color pixels corresponding with the RGB three primary colors are configured on vertical direction and the horizontal direction two-dimensionally.In first embodiment of the present invention, use striped (stripe) configuration to describe, this striped is configured to dispose identical color pixel in vertical direction with the corresponding 3 kinds of color pixels of RGB three primary colors, and the color pixel of RGB has periodically configuration in the horizontal direction.In the following description, use RGB to describe for these 3 kinds as color pixel, but under the situation beyond 3 kinds, for example also can use notion of the present invention under 4 kinds the situation.

As two dimensional display used in the present invention, that have the color pixel structure, can enumerate LCD, plasma display, OLED display etc., but be not limited thereto.

In addition, micro-lens sheet used in the present invention is the thin slice with cylindrical lens of a plurality of elongated half cone-shaped lens, is a plurality of cylindrical lenses are configured in thin slice on the direction with the cylindrical lens orthogonality of center shaft.

In the present invention, constitute a three-dimensional pixel, the three-dimensional pixel that realization can panchromatic demonstration by 3 times of color pixels to horizontal display direction quantity.

Fig. 3 is the figure that roughly represents three-dimensional pixel structure of the present invention.As mentioned above, micro-lens sheet 3 used in the present invention is that to have the one dimension lens be cylindrical lens 4 in Fig. 3, and with a plurality of lens configuration with the direction of above-mentioned cylindrical lens central shaft 8 quadratures on thin slice.And micro-lens sheet 3 is configured to make the focus face of cylindrical lens consistent with the display surface of the color pixel 2 that disposes two dimensional display 1.

For cylindrical lens central shaft 8, the light that a bit sends on the horizontal direction on the display surface of the two dimensional display of separating distance x is reflected by cylindrical lens 4, and is expressed as angle φ=tan in the horizontal direction ^-1(x/f).Here, f is the focal length of cylindrical lens, and  is meant from the horizontal display direction of the light of three-dimensional pixel ejaculation.Therefore, by cylindrical lens central shaft 8 is used obliquely with respect to the arranged perpendicular direction of color pixel 2,, can provide different horizontal display directions to the different homochromy color pixel 2 in upright position at identical horizontal level.

Fig. 4 A, 4B are the figure that is used for the horizontal display direction  of explanation.Shown in Fig. 4 A, on the constant plane 21 vertical with respect to the display surface of three dimensional display, the light 22 from the light that three dimensional display 20 penetrates, the angle of advancing with respect to the normal of above-mentioned display surface is called .Fig. 4 B is the figure that amplifies after the part on above-mentioned plane 21, schematically represents the relation of above-mentioned x, f and .

As mentioned above, in the present invention, as shown in Figure 3, make on a cylindrical lens 4 and the horizontal direction on 3M, vertical direction N to be that 3M * N color pixel is corresponding, constitute a three-dimensional pixel.In this case, these 3 kinds of color pixel groups of RGB will be used M * N respectively.In Fig. 3, enumerate the situation of M=4, N=4.

The cylindrical lens central shaft can be obtained in the following manner with respect to the tiltangle of color pixel homeotropic alignment direction.That is, when the horizontal range of considering apart from cylinder lens center axle, in homochromy color pixel, differ in the upright position between the most close color pixel of 1 pixel, horizontal range changes p _yTan θ.Variation Np when the horizontal range corresponding with the difference of the upright position of N pixel _yTan θ equals to be positioned at the variation 3p of the horizontal range of the homochromy color pixel on the par line _xThe time, the horizontal range of the homochromy color pixel in three-dimensional pixel equally spaced changes.Therefore, pass through Np _yTan θ=3p _x, the tiltangle that calculates micro-lens sheet is θ=tan ^-1(3p _x/ Np _y).

At this moment, have diverse horizontal range with RGB corresponding M * N color pixel of all kinds with respect to cylindrical lens central shaft 8, its value is with p uniformly-spaced _yTan θ=3p _x/ N changes.Therefore, can control light intensity and the color represented on each horizontal display direction to RGB realization of all kinds M * N horizontal display direction.In Fig. 3, the color pixel of 4 pixels on 12, vertical direction on the usage level direction has been realized the horizontal display direction of 16 directions.

As mentioned above, in the present invention, by on 3M on the horizontal direction, the vertical direction N be three-dimensional pixel of 3M * N color pixel formation, the tiltangle of establishing micro-lens sheet is θ=tan ^-1(3p _x/ Np _y), thereby can on M * N horizontal display direction, carry out panchromatic demonstration.

On the other hand, in patent documentation 1 disclosed prior art, by on M on the horizontal direction, the vertical direction N be that M * N color pixel constitutes a three-dimensional pixel, realize the individual horizontal display direction of M * N.Therefore, in a three-dimensional pixel, can only show a color among the RGB basically.And, the tiltangle=tan of micro-lens sheet ^-1(p _x/ Np _y).Like this, in patent documentation 1 disclosed display packing, a kind of color pixel in can only corresponding RGB color pixel on horizontal display direction, and in real method of the present invention, for a horizontal display direction, 3 kinds of color pixels of RGB will be corresponding fully.

In a three-dimensional pixel, the difference of the upright position of the RGB color pixel that shows on same horizontal direction is the vertical width (Np of three-dimensional pixel to the maximum _x).For the difference of this upright position is not discovered, and three-dimensional pixel is identified as a pixel, is preferably the horizontal width (3Mp of three-dimensional pixel _x) more than or equal to the difference (Np of this maximum perpendicular position _y).Just, be preferably Np _y≤ 3Mp _x

Because color pixel is not a little, himself has certain size, therefore, a color pixel is a constant width with respect to the horizontal range that the cylindrical lens central shaft is had.Therefore, the horizontal display direction that occupies of color pixel also is constant width.

Fig. 5 is the figure of the relation of homochromy color pixel of expression and cylindrical lens.As shown in Figure 5, represent the center of a color pixel 2 and the horizontal range of cylindrical lens central shaft 8 with c.Consider that, horizontal range 8 parallel with this cylindrical lens central shaft is the straight line of x.Mark 11 expressions shown in Figure 5 and the straight line of cylindrical lens central axes.

The light that each point from these parallel lines penetrates is by behind the cylindrical lens, in the horizontal direction to same direction with angle φ=tan ^-1(x/f) advance.Therefore, with the length of a color pixel of this parallel lines crosscut, determine the maximum intensity of the light that on this horizontal direction, advances.

Below, the rectangular situation that is shaped as of color pixel is discussed.If rectangular horizontal width is w, vertical width is h.By the horizontal display direction  of the light behind the cylindrical lens and the relation of maximum intensity I, as described below.

During h tan θ≤w,

$I\left(x\right)=\left\{\begin{array}{cc}0& (x\≤c-(w+h\tan \mathrm{\θ})/2)\\ I_0\{x-c+(w+h\tan \mathrm{\θ})/2\}/h\tan \mathrm{\θ}& (c-(w+h\tan \mathrm{\θ})/2\≤x\≤c-(w-h\tan \mathrm{\θ})/2)\\ I_0& (c-(w-h\tan \mathrm{\θ})/2\≤x\≤c+(w-h\tan \mathrm{\θ})/2)\\ I_0\{-x+c+(w+h\tan \mathrm{\θ})/2\}/h\tan \mathrm{\θ}& (c+(w-h\tan \mathrm{\θ})/2\≤x\≤c+(w+h\tan \mathrm{\θ})/2)\\ 0& (c+(w+h\tan \mathrm{\θ})/2\≤x)\end{array}\right.$

φ＝tan ^-1(x/f)

During h tan θ 〉=w,

$I\left(x\right)=\left\{\begin{array}{cc}0& (x\≤c-(w+h\tan \mathrm{\θ})/2)\\ I_0\{x-c+(w+h\tan \mathrm{\θ})/2\}/w& (c-(h\tan \mathrm{\θ}+w)/2\≤x\≤c-(h\tan \mathrm{\θ}-w)/2)\\ I_0& (c-(h\tan \mathrm{\θ}-w)/2\≤x\≤c+(h\tan \mathrm{\θ}-w)/2)\\ I_0\{-x+c+(w+h\tan \mathrm{\θ})/2\}/\mathrm{w\θ}& (c+(h\tan \mathrm{\θ}-w)/2\≤x\≤c+(h\tan \mathrm{\θ}+w)/2)\\ 0& (c+(h\tan \mathrm{\θ}+w)/2\≤x)\end{array}\right.$

φ＝tan ^-1(x/f)

Here, when using horizontal display direction  as the function representation I of variable owing to be the functional expression that contains the complexity of inverse trigonometric function, therefore, will with the cylindrical lens central shaft apart from x as variable.

Fig. 6 A, 6B are the figure of expression The above results.Fig. 6 A represents the situation of h tan θ≤w, and Fig. 6 B represents the situation of h tan θ 〉=w.The value of the horizontal range that homochromy color pixel group is had with respect to the cylindrical lens central shaft is with equidistant p _yTan θ changes.Therefore, the p that on X direction, staggers one by one _yMake the intensity distributions stack of Fig. 6 A, 6B tan θ, thereby can obtain maximum light intensity the horizontal display direction of three-dimensional pixel.Here, though be matter of course, be preferably maximum light intensity not along with horizontal display direction changes.

Fig. 7 A, 7B are expression becomes constant condition to the maximum light intensity of the horizontal display direction of a three-dimensional pixel figure.Shown in Fig. 7 A, the maximum light intensity of horizontal display direction does not change, be to satisfy expression, be called the situation of the intensity distributions shown in the presentation graphs 7B for the platform shape hypotenuse portion of the intensity distributions of a color pixel and the situation that in opposite directions platform shape hypotenuse partly overlaps fully.

This condition is when h tan θ≤w, and the distance between the platform shape when platform shape hypotenuse portion overlaps fully is w, so, work as w=p _yTan θ could realize when setting up.In other words, by tan θ=3p _y/ Np _yAs can be known, as the horizontal width w=3p of color pixel _xCould realize during/N.

On the other hand, when h tan θ 〉=w, the distance between the platform shape when platform shape hypotenuse portion overlaps fully is h tan θ, as h tan θ=p _yDuring tan θ, i.e. h=p _yShi Caineng realizes.This is owing to up and down exist light shielding part between the color pixel, and h＜p _y, thereby can not be satisfied fully.Can roughly satisfy though reduce light shielding part, according to h tan θ 〉=w and tan θ=3p _y/ Np _yRelation, need make p _x/ w 〉=N/3.Since about color pixel between also have light shielding part, therefore, considering p _x/ w≤1 o'clock need make N smaller or equal to 3.Therefore, the color pixel quantity of the employed vertical direction of three-dimensional pixel is restricted.

Then, obtain and be used for the variation that maximum is slight and be suppressed at condition below 50%.Here, consider the situation of h tan θ≤w.Fig. 8 A, 8B are expressions to the intensity variation of the horizontal display direction of a three-dimensional pixel is the figure of 50% condition.Fig. 8 A is the undue situation about overlapping of platform shape, according to w-h tan θ=p _yTan θ obtains the horizontal width w=(1+h/p of the color pixel that satisfies this formula _y) (3p _x/ N).At this moment to the maximum light intensity of the horizontal display direction of three-dimensional pixel shown in Fig. 8 B.Fig. 8 C is that platform shape overlaps not enough situation, according to (1/2) h tan θ+w=p _yTan θ obtains w=[1-(1/2) (h/p _y)] (3p _x/ N).At this moment to the maximum light intensity of the horizontal display direction of three-dimensional pixel shown in Fig. 8 D.According to the above description as can be known, for the variation of the light intensity that makes horizontal display direction smaller or equal to 50%, the horizontal width of color pixel is satisfied:

{1-(1/2)(h/p _y)}(3p _x/N)≤w≤{1+(h/p _y)}(3p _x/N)。

The width 3p of desirable color pixel _x/ N is from 1-(1/2) (h/p _y) doubly to 1+ (h/p _y) allowed band.Especially as can be known h/p _yBig more, promptly the vertical width h of color pixel is big more, and is just big more with respect to the allowed band of the horizontal width w of color pixel.

Can be clear according to above explanation, when considering the manufacturing accuracy of pixel, even at w=3p _xUnder the situation of/N, also increase the vertical width h of pixel, be preferably near p _y

Similarly consider, when requiring to be used for variation with maximum intensity and being suppressed to, then smaller or equal to 20% condition

{1-(1/5)(h/p _y)}(3p _x/N)≤w≤{1+(1/4)(h/p _y)}(3p _x/N)。

The horizontal width w=3p of color pixel _xDuring/N, maximum light intensity is along with horizontal display direction changes in theory.But in fact, consider reasons such as foozle, just can not satisfy this requirement fully.In addition, when not satisfying w=3p _xDuring/N, certainly, the maximum light intensity of horizontal display direction changes.RGB light intensity of all kinds becomes under the inconsistent situation of direction of maximum/minimum, and along with horizontal display direction produces misalignment, the colorrendering quality of 3-D view worsens.For example, when display white, depend on that horizontal display direction change color becomes RGB.Between the different color pixel of color, be p with respect to the horizontal range of cylindrical lens central shaft _xOr 2p _xDifferent values.And in homochromy color pixel, color pixel with respect to the horizontal range of cylindrical lens central shaft with p uniformly-spaced _yThe p of tan θ=(3/N) _xChange.When the position of homochromy color pixel changed the N/3 pixel in vertical direction, horizontal range changed p _x, when changing the 2N/3 pixel, horizontal range will change 2p _xTherefore, when to get N be 3 multiple, the horizontal range that the color pixel of RGB is had was in full accord.Thus, the variation of light intensity that can make horizontal display direction in the RGB three primary colors evenly, the misalignment on can the elimination of level display direction.

W=p during N=3 _xBe difficult to strictness and satisfy this relation when having light shielding part between the color pixel when considering.Here, the example during N=6 as shown in Figure 9.In Fig. 9, the pitch angle of micro-lens sheet is θ=tan ^-1(p _x/ 2p _y).In addition, at w=p _x, be designed to the change of maximum intensity on the occurred level display direction not at/2 o'clock.And, be designed to multiple by N being taken as 3, suppress can not strictness satisfy w=p because of manufacturing accuracy _xThe misalignment that produced in/2 o'clock.In Fig. 9, when M=6, constitute a three-dimensional pixel by 108 color pixels, realized the horizontal display direction of 36 directions.

Design example when Figure 10 is N=4.In this case, the tiltangle of micro-lens sheet is θ=tan ^-1(3p _x/ 4p _y).In addition, when w=3px/4, be designed to the change of maximum intensity on the occurred level display direction not.In Figure 10, when M=4, constitute a three-dimensional pixel by 48 color pixels, realized the horizontal display direction of 16 directions.

The shape of color pixel has been described with rectangle in the above description.But the shape of actual color pixel is the shape that rectangle lacks a part, perhaps uses the pixel design that is deformed into the multi-region structure.At this, be the situation of arbitrary shape for color pixel, be described in detail as follows.

Figure 11 A is the pixel of expression arbitrary shape and the figure that quantity of light emission distributes.Figure 11 B is the figure to the maximum light intensity of horizontal display direction that pixel of expression occupies.(s, t) expression is from the distribution of the maximum light intensity of color pixel ejaculation with function f.In Figure 11 A, on the light-emitting area of two dimensional display, consider straight line with the cylindrical lens central axes.The light that sends from these parallel lines advances on same horizontal direction by behind the cylindrical lens.Therefore, with the light intensity of the each point on the parallel lines in the pixel and, obtain the maximum light intensity on the corresponding horizontal display direction .Represent with s=-t tan θ+x with cylindrical lens central shaft 8 straight lines parallel, that horizontal range is x, so, the pixel intensity on this straight line and provide by following formula.

$I\left(x\right)=\underset{-\∞}{\overset{\∞}{\∫}}f(-t\tan \mathrm{\θ}+x,t)\mathrm{dt}$

φ＝tan ^-1(x/f)

Figure 11 B is the figure of this situation of illustration.With the horizontal range of the cylindrical lens central shaft of homochromy color pixel with p uniformly-spaced _yTan θ changes.Thus, the light intensity to the horizontal display direction of three-dimensional pixel integral body is provided by following formula.

$I_S\left(x\right)=\underset{i}{\mathrm{\Σ}}I(x+{\mathrm{ip}}_y\tan \mathrm{\θ})$

Figure 12 is the figure of expression to the light intensity of the horizontal display direction of the three-dimensional pixel of use arbitrary shape color pixel.In Figure 12, by make shown in the dotted line from the stack of the light intensity of each pixel, obtain the light intensity shown in the solid line to the horizontal display direction of three-dimensional pixel.As shown in figure 12, the light intensity Is (x) that preferably makes the above-mentioned stack shown in the solid line determines the tiltangle of pixel design, micro-lens sheet to horizontal display direction constant ground.

(second embodiment of the present invention)

In the above description, utilize the 3 kind color pixels corresponding to be illustrated for the situation of striped configuration with the RGB three primary colors.As the configuration of color pixel, it is also conceivable that the inclination color pixel configuration of homochromy color pixel deflection vergence direction, use this configuration instruction second embodiment of the present invention.

Figure 13 is illustrated in second embodiment of the present invention, the relation of configuration of inclination color pixel and the horizontal range from the cylindrical lens central shaft to the color pixel center.When considering homochromy color pixel, differ in the upright position between the most close color pixel of 1 pixel, horizontal range changes p _x-p _yTan θ.Variation N (the p of the horizontal range corresponding with the difference of the upright position of N pixel _x-p _yTan θ) equals the variation 3p of the horizontal range of the homochromy color pixel on the par line _xThe time, the horizontal range of the homochromy color pixel in three-dimensional pixel equally spaced changes.Therefore, by N (p _x-p _yTan θ)=3p _x, the tiltangle that calculates micro-lens sheet is θ=tan ^-1[(1-3/N) p _x/ p _y)].

As mentioned above, under the situation of striped configuration, the horizontal range of homochromy color pixel is with p uniformly-spaced _xTan θ changes, and in the configuration of inclination color pixel, with p uniformly-spaced _x-p _yTan θ changes.For the angle of inclination of micro-lens sheet, when disposing, be θ=tan for striped ^-1(3p _x/ Np _y), and when disposing for the inclination color pixel, be θ=tan ^-1[(1-3/N) p _x/ p _y)].

By above 2 are changed, the result who obtains in the time of also striped can being disposed is applicable to the situation of inclination color pixel configuration.

Here, obtain the constant condition of maximum intensity on the horizontal display direction that makes three-dimensional pixel as described below.When color pixel was rectangle, the light intensity of the horizontal display direction that occupies for a color pixel showed to have distribution shown in Figure 6 in the time of can disposing with striped in the same manner.But, because the horizontal range that homochromy color pixel is had with respect to the cylindrical lens central shaft is with p uniformly-spaced _x-p _yTan θ changes, and therefore, needs to consider to use p _x-p _yThe p of tan θ permutation graph 7A, 7B _yTan θ as can be known can be at w=p under the situation of h tan θ≤w _x-p _yTan realizes during θ.Therefore, w=3p as can be known _xGet final product during/N.In addition, as can be known can be under the situation of h tan θ 〉=w at h tan θ=p _x-p _yTan realizes during θ.Therefore, h=3p as can be known _y/ (N-3) get final product.

In addition, for the variation that makes the light intensity on the horizontal display direction smaller or equal to 50%, the horizontal width of color pixel need satisfy

{1-(1/2)(N/3-1)(h/p _y)}(3p _x/N)≤w≤{1+(N/3-1)(h/p _y)}(3p _x/N)。

And the condition that is suppressed at smaller or equal to 20% for the variation with maximum intensity is

{1-(1/5)(N/3-1)(h/p _y)}(3p _x/N)≤w≤{1+(1/4)(N/3-1)(h/p _y)}(3p _x/N)。

In addition, identical reason when disposing with striped, the color pixel quantity N that constitutes the vertical direction of a three-dimensional pixel is preferably 3 multiple.Similarly, be preferably Np _y≤ 3Mp _x

According to above-mentioned record, under the situation for the configuration of inclination color pixel, the example of preferred implementation of the present invention as shown in figure 14.In the embodiment in second embodiment of the present invention shown in Figure 14, w=p during N=6 _x/ 2.In embodiment shown in Figure 14, the tilt angle theta=tan of micro-lens sheet ^-1(p _x/ 2p _y).In addition, be designed to work as w=p _x/ 2 o'clock, the not change of maximum intensity on the occurred level display direction.And being designed to by getting N is 3 multiple, suppresses can not strictness satisfy w=p because of manufacturing accuracy _xThe misalignment that produced in/2 o'clock.In Figure 14, when M=6, constitute a three-dimensional pixel by 108 color pixels, realized the horizontal display direction of 36 directions.

Design example when Figure 15 is N=4.In this case, the tiltangle=tan of micro-lens sheet ^-1(p _x/ 4p _y).In addition, at w=3p _x, be designed to the change of maximum intensity on the occurred level display direction not at/4 o'clock.In Figure 15, when M=4, constitute a three-dimensional pixel by 48 color pixels, realized the horizontal display direction of 16 directions.

In second embodiment of the present invention, when color pixel is not rectangle but arbitrary shape, similarly consider in the time of also can disposing with striped.Under the situation of arbitrary shape, because the horizontal range of homochromy color pixel is with p uniformly-spaced _x-p _yTan θ changes, and the light intensity of the horizontal display direction of three-dimensional pixel integral body is expressed from the next.

$I_S\left(x\right)=\underset{i}{\mathrm{\Σ}}I(x+i(p_x-p_y\tan \mathrm{\θ}))$

Thus, be preferably and make Is (x) constant ground, determine the angle of inclination of pixel design, micro-lens sheet.

In the above description, the method that micro-lens sheet is tilted has been described, can have easily understood for a person skilled in the art: two dimensional display is tilted to replace making micro-lens sheet tilt also can obtain same effect.

In the explanation of embodiment of the present invention first and second, constructive method of the present invention uses micro-lens sheet to be illustrated, but also can easily understand for a person skilled in the art: can also use parallax barrier (parallax barrier) to realize to replace micro-lens sheet.Here, so-called parallax barrier is that slit (slit) is arranged on the direction with its length direction quadrature.At this moment, parallax barrier not only can be arranged on observer's one side of two dimensional display, can also be arranged on observer's opposition side, that is, and and between display display surface and background light.

In addition, in the above description, the structure that disposes cylindrical lens directly over the color pixel group of utilization and the three-dimensional pixel of formation accordingly is illustrated.That is, use the level interval structure equal of three-dimensional pixel to be illustrated with the level interval of the cylindrical lens that constitutes micro-lens sheet.But even under above-mentioned two unequal situations of spacing, the present invention also can be suitable for.This be for the certain observation of three-dimensional screen distance under enlarge the horizontal range of observation of 3-D view and the gimmick that is widely used.

(the 3rd embodiment of the present invention)

The basic comprising form of the three dimensional display of the 3rd embodiment of the present invention is identical with first embodiment of the present invention.Thus, the relational expression of the number of the color pixel group relevant with the horizontally-arranged of the tilt angle theta of the horizontal-direction pitch of the color pixel of two dimensional display, vertical direction spacing, cylindrical lens central shaft, cylindrical lens and file is identical with first embodiment of the present invention.

But the three dimensional display 50 of the 3rd embodiment of the present invention as shown in figure 16, has the aperture array 30 that is arranged between two dimensional display 1 and the micro-lens sheet 3.Here, aperture array used in the present invention can use metal films such as chrome mask, but is not limited thereto.Perhaps, the secret note of being made by the light absorbing material that is used to the wiring portion shading between the color pixel in the LCD panel (black stripe) can be used for aperture array.In the secret note of in two dimensional display, using, be formed with the RGB color filter, but on aperture array used in the present invention, do not need color filter at peristome.In addition, between aperture array shown in Figure 16 30 and two dimensional display, two dimensional display 1 and above-mentioned aperture array 30 keeping parallelisms in order to keep the constant distance of two dimensional display 1 and aperture array 30, are separated with plastic plates such as glass substrate or polypropylene between being preferably.

Figure 17 is the figure of the relation of the two dimensional display 1 that uses in the 3rd embodiment of the present invention of explanation and aperture array 30.In Figure 17, with " ㄑ " font the shape of the color pixel of two dimensional display 1 is described, but the invention is not restricted to this shape.The horizontal direction of the color pixel of two dimensional display 1 shown in Figure 17 and the spacing of vertical direction are respectively p _x, p _yAnd the horizontal direction of each peristome 20 of the aperture array 20 that uses in the 3rd embodiment of the present invention and the spacing of vertical direction are respectively p _x', p _y', the horizontal width of its peristome and vertical width are respectively w ' and h '.

And, p _x, p _y, p _x' and p _y' when satisfying following relational expression, the light that penetrates via color pixel can pass through aperture array, generation has optimum shape, the virtual color pixel of three dimensional display.

p _x＝p _x’、p _y＝p _y’，θ＝tan ^-1(3p _x’/Np _y’)。

θ=tan ^-1(3p _x'/Np _y') meaning of relational expression, with illustrate in first embodiment of the present invention consistent.

Like this, use has the aperture array of the peristome that meets the above-mentioned relation formula, by making its opening shape is optimum shape, becomes the optimum shape of the color pixel of each light RGB that two dimensional display sends, can realize the variation of the light intensity of horizontal display direction and the inhibition of irregular colour.

Figure 18 represents to be used for the skeleton diagram of color pixel structure of the two dimensional display of the 3rd embodiment of the present invention and following the 4th embodiment.Here, color pixel structure shown in Figure 180 is divided into up and down, has so-called multi-region structure.RGB has homochromy color pixel in vertical direction.Related color pixel structure also goes for the 3rd embodiment of the present invention and the 4th following embodiment.

Figure 19 is as the distortion of the 3rd embodiment of the present invention, diffusing panel 35 is arranged at the general profile chart of the three dimensional display 50 between aperture array 30 and the two dimensional display.In the depth of parallelism that keeps above-mentioned diffusing panel 35 and above-mentioned aperture array with respect to two dimensional display 1 between aperture array 30 and the diffusing panel 35, between two dimensional display 1 and the above-mentioned diffusing panel 35, for keep and each parts 1,35,30 between constant distance, be separated with plastic plates such as glass substrate or polypropylene between being preferably.Structure shown in Figure 19 is, under the low situation of the diffusive of the light that the color pixel from two dimensional display 1 sends, when the peristome of aperture array 30 can not obtain sufficient light intensity distributions, can between the color pixel of two dimensional display and aperture array, diffusing panel be set, to adjust the diffusive of light.

(the 4th embodiment of the present invention)

The basic comprising mode of the three dimensional display of the 4th embodiment of the present invention is identical with second embodiment of the present invention.Thus, the relational expression of the number of the color pixel group relevant with the horizontally-arranged of the tilt angle theta of the horizontal-direction pitch of the color pixel of two dimensional display, vertical direction spacing, cylindrical lens central shaft, cylindrical lens and file is identical with second embodiment of the present invention.

But the three dimensional display 50 of the 4th embodiment of the present invention as shown in figure 16, has the aperture array 30 that is arranged between two dimensional display 1 and the micro-lens sheet 3.Here and since illustrate in aperture array used in the present invention and the 3rd embodiment of the present invention identical, so omit its explanation.

Figure 17 is the figure of the relation of the two dimensional display 1 that uses in the 4th embodiment of the present invention of explanation and aperture array 30.In Figure 17, with " ㄑ " font the shape of the color pixel of two dimensional display 1 is described, but the invention is not restricted to this shape.The horizontal direction of the color pixel of two dimensional display 1 shown in Figure 17 and the spacing of vertical direction are respectively p _x, p _yAnd the horizontal direction of each peristome 20 of the aperture array 20 that uses in the 4th embodiment of the present invention and the spacing of vertical direction are respectively p _x', p _y', the horizontal width of its peristome and vertical width are respectively w ' and h '.

And, p _x, p _y, p _x' and p _y' when satisfying following relational expression, the light that penetrates via color pixel can pass through aperture array, the virtual color pixel that generation has optimum shape in the three dimensional display.

p _x＝p _x’、p _y＝p _y’，θ＝tan ^-1[(1-3/N)p _x’/p _y’]。

θ=tan ^-1[(1-3/N) p _x'/p _y'] meaning of relational expression, with illustrate in second embodiment of the present invention consistent.

Like this, use aperture array, become the optimum shape of the color pixel of each light RGB that two dimensional display sends, can realize the variation of the light intensity of horizontal display direction and the inhibition of irregular colour with the peristome that meets the above-mentioned relation formula.

Figure 19 is as the distortion of the 4th embodiment of the present invention, diffusing panel 35 is arranged at the general profile chart of the three dimensional display 50 between aperture array 30 and the two dimensional display.Structure shown in Figure 23 is, under the low situation of the diffusive of the light that the color pixel from two dimensional display 1 sends, when the peristome of aperture array 30 can not obtain sufficient light intensity distributions, can between the color pixel of two dimensional display and aperture array, diffusing panel be set, to adjust the diffusive of light.

Embodiment

Below, enumerate embodiments of the invention, the present invention will be described in more detail, but this just is listed as example, the invention is not restricted to following object lesson.Those skilled in the art can carry out various changes to implement the present invention to embodiment shown below, and related change is included in the scope of the application's claim.

Using resolution as two dimensional display is 3,840 * 2,400 LCD panel (IBM makes T221).Color pixel has the streaky structure that the RGB pixel is configured in horizontal direction, and the pixel number of color pixel is 11,520 * 2,400 pixels.The spacing of color pixel is p _x=0.0415mm, p _y=0.1245mm.

Figure 20 represents the skeleton diagram of the pixel design of the employed LCD panel of embodiments of the invention.It shows the color pixel of 6 of horizontal directions, 3 of vertical direction.Color pixel has the multi-region structure that is split into up and down.

As shown in figure 20, because color pixel is not a rectangle, therefore, use above-mentioned formula (I) to determine the employed vertical pixel number N=6 of three-dimensional pixel.In Figure 20, its horizontal width w is level interval p as can be known _xOnly about half of more appropriate.

Figure 21 A represents in the embodiments of the invention, and for the part of the intensity distributions of the horizontal display direction of a color pixel, Figure 21 B represents in the embodiments of the invention, for the part of the intensity distributions of the horizontal display direction of a three-dimensional pixel.Though the some slight inequality that exists pixel design to cause also can obtain the intensity distributions of constant.

Figure 22 represents according to the present invention, the specification of designed three dimensional display during N=6.In Figure 22, type i is the design of the horizontal display direction quantity of emphasis, and Type II is to pay attention to the design of three-dimensional pixel number.

Then, manufactured experimently three dimensional display based on the specification of type i of the present invention.Use M=12, be on the horizontal direction on 36, vertical direction 6 add up to 216 color pixels, constitute a three-dimensional pixel.Horizontal display direction is 72 directions.Figure 23 represents the picture with the obtained 3-D view of three dimensional display.Picture shown in Figure 23 is represented from a plurality of varying level direction picture shot.As shown in figure 23, in 3-D view of the present invention, motion parallax can be observed, and the intensity inequality of its image does not almost observe.

The industry utilizability

According to the present invention, a kind of three dimensional display is provided, it can be aobvious at horizontal display direction Show a plurality of different images, and can eliminate irregular colour and intensity inequality.

Claims (36)

1. three dimensional display comprises:

Two dimensional display, have the horizontally-arranged that is configured to extend on the horizontal direction with the vertical substantially vertical direction of this horizontal direction on a plurality of color pixels of the file of extending, periodically dispose the color pixel of red, green, blue on above-mentioned horizontally-arranged, the color pixel of above-mentioned file constitutes homochromyly; And

Micro-lens sheet is set on the above-mentioned two dimensional display, and has a plurality of cylindrical lenses that are parallel to each other and extend, and above-mentioned color pixel is observed by described cylindrical lens,

Above-mentioned cylindrical lens central shaft, with respect to the file cant angle theta angle of above-mentioned two dimensional display,

Described three dimensional display,

When the spacing of the horizontal direction of establishing above-mentioned color pixel is p _x, the spacing of the vertical direction of color pixel is p _y, constitute the color pixel group of a three-dimensional pixel, by the horizontally-arranged of an above-mentioned cylindrical lens be 3M, the file of an above-mentioned cylindrical lens to be N be 3M * N above-mentioned color pixel when constituting, have θ=tan ^-1(3p _x/ Np _y) relational expression.

2. three dimensional display according to claim 1, above-mentioned two dimensional display comprises the color pixel of LCD, OLED display or plasma display.

3. three dimensional display according to claim 1 and 2, above-mentioned N are 3 multiple.

4. according to any described three dimensional display in the claim 1～3, in the structure of above-mentioned three-dimensional pixel, Np _y≤ 3Mp _x

5. according to any described three dimensional display in the claim 1～4, establish the horizontal width of above-mentioned color pixel and vertical width when being respectively w, h, w=3p _x/ N.

6. according to any described three dimensional display in the claim 1～5, the value of above-mentioned w is [1-(1/2) (h/p _y)] (3p _x/ N)～[1+ (h/p _y)] (3p _x/ N) scope.

7. according to any described three dimensional display in the claim 1～6, the value of above-mentioned h is and above-mentioned p _yThe identical or approximate value of value.

8. according to any described three dimensional display in the claim 1～4, be distributed as function f (s when what establish the maximum light intensity that penetrates from above-mentioned color pixel, t), with above-mentioned cylindrical lens central axes, with the horizontal range of above-mentioned central shaft be the straight line of x, when representing with s=-t tan θ+x, the light intensity in the color pixel on the above-mentioned straight line and by

$I\left(x\right)=\underset{-\∞}{\overset{\∞}{\∫}}f(-t\tan \mathrm{\θ}+x,t)\mathrm{dt}$

Expression,

To the light intensity of the horizontal display direction  of above-mentioned three-dimensional pixel integral body by

$I_S\left(x\right)=\underset{i}{\mathrm{\Σ}}I(x+{\mathrm{ip}}_y\tan \mathrm{\θ})...\left(I\right)$

φ＝tan ^-1(x/f)

Provide, wherein, f is the focal length of cylindrical lens,

Setting each parameter, make above-mentioned formula (I) not rely on x, is the value of constant.

9. three dimensional display comprises:

Two dimensional display, have the horizontally-arranged that is configured to extend on the horizontal direction with the vertical substantially vertical direction of this horizontal direction on a plurality of color pixels of the file of extending, on above-mentioned file, periodically dispose the color pixel of red, green, blue; And

Micro-lens sheet is set on the above-mentioned two dimensional display, and has a plurality of cylindrical lenses that are parallel to each other and extend, and above-mentioned color pixel is observed by described cylindrical lens,

Above-mentioned cylindrical lens central shaft, with respect to the file cant angle theta angle of above-mentioned two dimensional display,

Described three dimensional display,

When the spacing of the horizontal direction of establishing above-mentioned color pixel is p _x, the spacing of the vertical direction of color pixel is p _y, constitute the color pixel group of a three-dimensional pixel, by the horizontally-arranged of an above-mentioned cylindrical lens be 3M, the file of an above-mentioned cylindrical lens to be N be 3M * N above-mentioned color pixel when constituting, have θ=tan ^-1[(1-3/N) p _x/ p _y] relational expression.

10. three dimensional display according to claim 9, above-mentioned two dimensional display comprises the color pixel of LCD, OLED display or plasma display.

11. according to claim 9 or 10 described three dimensional displays, above-mentioned N is 3 multiple.

12. according to any described three dimensional display in the claim 9～11, in the structure of above-mentioned three-dimensional pixel, Np _y≤ 3Mp _x

13., establish the horizontal width of above-mentioned color pixel and vertical width when being respectively w, h, w=3p according to any described three dimensional display in the claim 9～12 _x/ N.

14. according to any described three dimensional display in the claim 9～13, the value of above-mentioned w is that { 1-(1/2) is (h/p (N/3-1) _y) (3p _x/ N)≤w≤{ 1+ (N/3-1) (h/p _y) (3p _x/ N) scope.

15. according to any described three dimensional display in the claim 9～14, the value of above-mentioned h is 3p _y/ (N-3).

16. according to any described three dimensional display in the claim 9～12, if the maximum light intensity that penetrates from above-mentioned color pixel be distributed as function f (s, t), with above-mentioned cylindrical lens central axes, with the horizontal range of above-mentioned central shaft be the straight line of x, when representing with s=-t tan θ+x, the light intensity in the pixel on the above-mentioned straight line and by

$I\left(x\right)=\underset{-\∞}{\overset{\∞}{\∫}}f(-t\tan \mathrm{\θ}+x,t)\mathrm{dt}$

Expression,

To the light intensity of the horizontal display direction  of above-mentioned three-dimensional pixel integral body by

$I_S\left(x\right)=\underset{i}{\mathrm{\Σ}}I(x+i(p_x-p_y\tan \mathrm{\θ}))...\left(\mathrm{II}\right)$

φ＝tan ^-1(x/f)

Provide, wherein, f is the focal length of cylindrical lens,

Setting each parameter, make above-mentioned formula (II) not rely on x, is the value of constant.

17. a three dimensional display comprises:

Two dimensional display, have the horizontally-arranged that is configured to extend on the horizontal direction with the vertical substantially vertical direction of this horizontal direction on a plurality of color pixels of the file of extending, periodically dispose the color pixel of red, green, blue on above-mentioned horizontally-arranged, the color pixel of above-mentioned file constitutes homochromyly;

Micro-lens sheet is set on the above-mentioned two dimensional display, and has a plurality of cylindrical lenses that are parallel to each other and extend, and above-mentioned color pixel is observed by described cylindrical lens; And

Aperture array is set between above-mentioned two dimensional display and the above-mentioned micro-lens sheet, has a plurality of peristomes;

Above-mentioned cylindrical lens central shaft, with respect to the file cant angle theta angle of above-mentioned two dimensional display,

Described three dimensional display,

When the spacing of the horizontal direction of establishing above-mentioned color pixel is p _x, the spacing of the vertical direction of above-mentioned color pixel is p _y, the spacing of the horizontal direction of above-mentioned peristome is p _x', the spacing of the vertical direction of above-mentioned peristome is p _y', constitute the color pixel group of a three-dimensional pixel, by the horizontally-arranged of an above-mentioned cylindrical lens be 3M, the file of an above-mentioned cylindrical lens to be N be 3M * N above-mentioned color pixel when constituting,

p _x＝p _x’、p _y＝p _y’，

Has θ=tan ^-1(3p _x'/Np _y') relational expression.

18. three dimensional display according to claim 17, above-mentioned two dimensional display comprises the color pixel of LCD, OLED display or plasma display.

19. according to claim 17 or 18 described three dimensional displays, above-mentioned N is 3 multiple.

20. according to any described three dimensional display in the claim 17～19, in the structure of above-mentioned three-dimensional pixel, Np _y'≤3Mp _x'.

21., establish the horizontal width of above-mentioned peristome and vertical width when being respectively w ', h ', w '=3p according to any described three dimensional display in the claim 17～19 _x'/N.

22. according to any described three dimensional display in the claim 17～21, the value of above-mentioned w ' be [1-(1/2) (h '/p _y')] (3p _x'/N)～[1+ (h '/p _y')] (3p _xThe scope of '/N).

23. according to any described three dimensional display in the claim 17～22, the value of above-mentioned h ' is and p _y' identical or approximate value.

24. according to any described three dimensional display in the claim 17～20, if the maximum light intensity that penetrates from above-mentioned peristome be distributed as function f (s, t), with above-mentioned cylindrical lens central axes, with the horizontal range of above-mentioned central shaft be the straight line of x, when representing with s=-t tan θ+x, the light intensity in the color pixel on the above-mentioned straight line and by

$I\left(x\right)=\underset{-\∞}{\overset{\∞}{\∫}}f(-t\tan \mathrm{\θ}+x,t)\mathrm{dt}$

Expression,

To the light intensity of the horizontal display direction  of above-mentioned three-dimensional pixel integral body by

$I_S\left(x\right)=\underset{i}{\mathrm{\Σ}}I(x+{{\mathrm{ip}}_y}^{\′}\tan \mathrm{\θ})...\left(\mathrm{III}\right)$

φ＝tan ^-1(x/f)

Provide, wherein, f is the focal length of cylindrical lens,

Setting each parameter, make above-mentioned formula (III) not rely on x, is the value of constant.

25. according to any described three dimensional display in the claim 17～24, above-mentioned color pixel has the multi-region that is divided into up and down.

26. any described three dimensional display according in the claim 17～25 also comprises the diffusing panel that is configured between above-mentioned two dimensional display and the above-mentioned aperture array.

27. a three dimensional display comprises:

Two dimensional display, have the horizontally-arranged that is configured to extend on the horizontal direction with the vertical substantially vertical direction of this horizontal direction on a plurality of color pixels of the file of extending, on above-mentioned file, periodically dispose the color pixel of red, green, blue;

Micro-lens sheet is set on the above-mentioned two dimensional display, and has a plurality of cylindrical lenses that are parallel to each other and extend, and above-mentioned color pixel is observed by described cylindrical lens; And

Aperture array is set between above-mentioned two dimensional display and the above-mentioned micro-lens sheet, has a plurality of peristomes;

Above-mentioned cylindrical lens central shaft, with respect to the file cant angle theta angle of above-mentioned two dimensional display,

Described three dimensional display,

When the spacing of the horizontal direction of establishing above-mentioned color pixel is p _x, the spacing of the vertical direction of above-mentioned color pixel is p _y, the spacing of the horizontal direction of above-mentioned peristome is p _x', the spacing of the vertical direction of above-mentioned peristome is p _y', constitute the color pixel group of a three-dimensional pixel, by the horizontally-arranged of an above-mentioned cylindrical lens be 3M, the file of an above-mentioned cylindrical lens to be N be 3M * N above-mentioned color pixel when constituting,

p _x＝p _x’、p _y＝p _y’，

Has θ=tan ^-1[(1-3/N) p _x'/p _y'] relational expression.

28. three dimensional display according to claim 27, above-mentioned two dimensional display comprises the color pixel of LCD, OLED display or plasma display.

29. according to claim 27 or 28 described three dimensional displays, above-mentioned N is 3 multiple.

30. according to any described three dimensional display in the claim 27～29, in the structure of above-mentioned three-dimensional pixel, Np _y'≤3Mp _x'.

31., establish the horizontal width of above-mentioned peristome and vertical width when being respectively w ', h ', w '=3p according to any described three dimensional display in the claim 27～30 _x'/N.

32. according to any described three dimensional display in the claim 27～31, the value of above-mentioned w ' is that { 1-(1/2) is (h/p (N/3-1) _y') (3p _x'/N)≤w '≤{ 1+ (N/3-1) (h/p _y') (3p _xThe scope of '/N).

33. according to any described three dimensional display in the claim 27～32, the value of above-mentioned h ' is 3p _y'/(N-3).

34. according to any described three dimensional display in the claim 27～30, if the maximum light intensity that penetrates from above-mentioned peristome be distributed as function f (s, t), with above-mentioned cylindrical lens central axes, with the horizontal range of above-mentioned central shaft be the straight line of x, when representing with s=-t tan θ+x, the light intensity in the color pixel on the above-mentioned straight line and by

$I\left(x\right)=\underset{-\∞}{\overset{\∞}{\∫}}f(-t\tan \mathrm{\θ}+x,t)\mathrm{dt}$

Expression,

To the light intensity of the horizontal display direction  of above-mentioned three-dimensional pixel integral body by

$I_S\left(x\right)=\underset{i}{\mathrm{\Σ}}I(x+i({p_x}^{\′}-{p_y}^{\′}\tan \mathrm{\θ}))...\left(\mathrm{IV}\right)$

φ＝tan ^-1(x/f)

Provide, wherein, f is the focal length of cylindrical lens,

Setting each parameter, make above-mentioned formula (IV) not rely on x, is the value of constant.

35. according to any described three dimensional display in the claim 27～34, above-mentioned color pixel has the multi-region that is divided into up and down.

36. any described three dimensional display according in the claim 27～35 also comprises the diffusing panel that is configured between above-mentioned two dimensional display and the above-mentioned aperture array.

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