CN1950711A - State recognizing device and switching controller of power switching apparatus using state recognizing device - Google Patents

Abstract

A state recognizing device requiring no optical adjustment and capable of reducing the size. Exciting current waveform of an electromagnetic coil for opening an electromagnetic operating unit driving the movable contact of a power switching apparatus has an inflection point P appearing next to a maximum value imax as shown by a current J in picture 5, and that inflection point is generated at the time of opening a contact. Consequently, consumption amount of a contact can be determined from time-dependent variation of time tp. Although not shown on the drawing, the position of the inflection point P is determined by an inflection point searching means while paying attention to the variation rate of current (di/dt), and consumption amount of a switching contact is determined by a contact consumption amount calculating means from time-dependent variation of time tp at which the inflection point is generate. Since a mechanical detection means, e.g. an optical detection means, can be eliminated, the size and cost of the apparatus can be reduced. Stroke ST of a driving movable core coupled with the movable contact is as shown on the drawing wherein Act3 is an opening completion point.

Description

State recognizing device and the switch controlling device that has used the power switchgear of this state recognizing device

Technical field

The state recognizing device of the equipment that is operated the when consumption etc. that the present invention relates to hold the make and break contact of power circuit breaker is operated equipment by the electromagnetic operating device operation or the state of electromagnetic operating device, and then, relate to the switch controlling device of the power switchgear that has possessed this state recognizing device.

Background technology

Measuring device as the consumption of the make and break contact of one of quantity of state of instrumentation isolating switch, for example, with the driving winding of electromagnetic operating mechanism on add scale in the driving rod that is connected, use fluorescence detector to detect its position, the scale that inspection is caused by contact consumption is apart from the amount of movement (for example, with reference to patent documentation 1 (open No. 2350724 communique of communique of UK Patent Application (the 5th page of the 15th row～the 20 capable and Fig. 4))) of initial position.

Summary of the invention

The problem that invention will solve

The measuring device of the consumption of existing instrumentation make and break contact constitutes as described above, needs fluorescence detector, and device is increased.In addition, need to determine optically target, catch scale, therefore need eliminate the optics adjustment that axle waits partially.And because the consumption of contact is several microns degree at most, therefore being used to eliminate the inclined to one side adjustment that waits of axle need carry out with high precision.In addition, 2 detecting devices are set in 1 operating mechanism, in the three-phase power switchgear, 1 operating mechanism are set mutually and amount under the situation that is provided with 3, need 6 detecting devices, have the big or problem of ultra-high price of device volume at each.

The present invention finishes in order to solve the above problems a little, and purpose do not needed to be to carry out optics adjustment and the electromagnetic operating device that can miniaturization or the state recognizing device of the state that assurance is operated equipment.In addition, purpose do not needed to be the state recognizing device of optics adjustment and power switchgear that can miniaturization.And then purpose is to obtain using its state recognizing device, can seek the switch controlling device of long-life power switchgear of make and break contact.

Be used to solve the method for problem

State recognizing device of the present invention is arranged on possesses fixed iron core, constitute for this fixed iron core movable core movably, by with the power supply excitation movable core being moved by driving, in the electromagnetic operating device of the electromagnetism winding of the equipment that is operated that driving is connected with movable core, possesses the determination unit that is determined at electric current that flows through in the electromagnetism winding or the voltage that in the electromagnetism winding, takes place, ask search unit, according to the state of inferring the equipment of being operated or electromagnetic operating device from the change information of this search unit from the change information on the output waveform of this determination unit.

In addition, electromagnetic operating device in the state recognizing device of power switchgear of the present invention drives the travelling contact as the make and break contact of the power switchgear that is operated equipment, its search unit possesses as contact and moves the 1st flex point search unit that the start time asks the time that peaked the 1st flex point that occurs later from the current waveform of amperometric determination unit takes place, asks contact to move the flex point that takes place after the start time as the contact mobile end time, and promptly current waveform becomes at least one of the 2nd flex point search unit of the time that the 2nd minimum flex point takes place.

And then, electromagnetic operating device in the switch controlling device of power switchgear of the present invention drives the travelling contact as the make and break contact of the power switchgear that is operated equipment, as its electromagnetism winding, possess by the disconnection that is stored in the electric charge excitation in the capacitor electromagnetism winding and the closed electromagnetism winding of using

Its search unit possesses as contact and moves the 1st flex point search unit that the start time asks the time that the 1st flex point that occurs later from peaked in the current waveform of amperometric determination unit takes place, asks contact to move the flex point that takes place after the start time as the contact mobile end time, be at least one side that current waveform becomes the 2nd flex point search unit of the time that the 2nd minimum flex point takes place

Move at least one side of the temperature information of the charging voltage of at least one side in start time and contact mobile end time and capacitor and power switchgear according to contact, the closure time predicting unit of closed closed concluding time during with the electromagnetism winding of having predicted excitation next time, finish predicted time, control the timing control unit of the closed timing with the electromagnetism winding of excitation next time according to closure.

The effect of invention

In state recognizing device of the present invention, owing to be arranged on and possess fixed iron core, constitute for this fixed iron core movable core movably, by with the power supply excitation movable core being moved by driving, drive in the electromagnetism winding electric magnetic actuating device of the equipment that is operated that is connected with movable core, possesses the determination unit that is determined at electric current that flows through in the electromagnetism winding or the voltage that in the electromagnetism winding, takes place, ask search unit from the change information on the output waveform of this determination unit, according to the state of inferring the equipment of being operated or electromagnetic operating device from the change information of this search unit, therefore do not need optics adjustment and the enough small-sized devices of energy to infer the state of the equipment of being operated or electromagnetic operating device.

In addition, in the state recognizing device of power switchgear of the present invention, because electromagnetic operating device drives the travelling contact as the make and break contact of the power switchgear that is operated equipment, its search unit possesses as contact and moves the 1st flex point search unit that the start time asks the time that peaked the 1st flex point that occurs later from the current waveform of amperometric determination unit takes place, ask contact to move the flex point that takes place after the start time as the contact mobile end time, be at least one of current waveform the 2nd flex point search unit that becomes the time that the 2nd minimum flex point takes place, therefore do not need the optics adjustment and can ask contact to move start time or contact mobile end time by enough small-sized devices, hold the state of power switchgear.

And then, in the switch controlling device of power switchgear of the present invention, because electromagnetic operating device drives the travelling contact as the make and break contact of the power switchgear that is operated equipment, as its electromagnetism winding, possess by the disconnection that is stored in the electric charge excitation in the capacitor electromagnetism winding and the closed electromagnetism winding of using

Its search unit possesses as contact and moves the 1st flex point search unit that the start time asks the time that the 1st flex point that occurs later from peaked in the current waveform of amperometric determination unit takes place, asks contact to move the flex point that takes place after the start time as the contact mobile end time, be at least one side that current waveform becomes the 2nd flex point search unit of the time that the 2nd minimum flex point takes place

Move at least one side of the temperature information of the charging voltage of at least one side in start time and contact mobile end time and capacitor and power switchgear according to contact, the closure time predicting unit of closed closed concluding time during with the electromagnetism winding of having predicted excitation next time, finish predicted time according to closure, control the closed timing control unit of using the timing of electromagnetism winding of excitation next time, therefore can prolong the life-span of the make and break contact of power switchgear.

Description of drawings

Fig. 1 has been to use the structural drawing as the vacuum circuit breaker of the electromagnetic operating mechanism of the invention process form 1.

Fig. 2 is the constitutional diagram of the on off state of expression vacuum circuit breaker.

Fig. 3 is the enlarged drawing of the electromagnetic operating mechanism of Fig. 1.

Fig. 4 is the structural drawing of structure of the contact consumption determinator of presentation graphs 1.

Fig. 5 is illustrated in the performance plot that disconnects with the stroke of electric current that flows through in the winding and movable core.

Fig. 6 be the expression vacuum circuit breaker action the time quality and the performance plot of contact contact pressure.

Fig. 7 is the process flow diagram of action that is used for the contact consumption determinator of key diagram 1.

Fig. 8 is illustrated in the performance plot that disconnects with the rate of change of the electric current that flows through in the winding.

Fig. 9 is when representing the contact no consumption and when consumption compares the current waveform that flows through and the key diagram of stroke in disconnecting with winding.

Figure 10 be explanation in enforcement 2 of the present invention, the flex point A from 1 asks the figure of main points of other flex point A ' by correction.

Figure 11 be as the vacuum circuit breaker of the invention process form 3 switching time monitoring arrangement structural drawing.

Figure 12 be used to illustrate Figure 11 switching time monitoring arrangement the process flow diagram of action.

Figure 13 is the structural drawing as the characteristic quantity determinator of the vacuum circuit breaker of the invention process form 4.

Figure 14 is the structural drawing as the switch controlling device of the vacuum circuit breaker of the invention process form 5.

Figure 15 is the structural drawing as the switch controlling device of the vacuum circuit breaker of the invention process form 6.

Figure 16 is the structural drawing as the switch controlling device of the vacuum circuit breaker of the invention process form 7.

Figure 17 is the process flow diagram that is used to illustrate as the action of the contact consumption determinator of the vacuum circuit breaker of the invention process form 8.

Figure 18 is the key diagram that is used to illustrate the action of contact consumption determinator.

Figure 19 is the key diagram that is used to illustrate the action of contact consumption determinator.

Figure 20 is the key diagram that is used to illustrate the action of contact consumption determinator.

Figure 21 is the key diagram that is used to illustrate the action of contact consumption determinator.

Figure 22 is the key diagram that is used to illustrate the action of contact consumption determinator.

Figure 23 is the performance plot of the stroke of voltage of responding in winding in closure in the expression the invention process form 9 and movable core.

Figure 24 represents the constantly later current characteristics of release of the switchgear in the invention process form 10.

Figure 25 has been to use the structural drawing of clamping device of the electromagnetic operating mechanism of the invention process form 11.

Figure 26 is illustrated in the current waveform that flows through in the winding of clamping device.

Voltage waveform when Figure 27 represents that the capacitor volume of the electromagnetic operating mechanism in the invention process form 12 changes.

Figure 28 is the enlarged drawing that dashes the electromagnetic operating mechanism that Hall element has been installed at example 14 of the present invention.

Figure 29 is the figure of the operation processing unit of expression the invention process form 15.

Figure 30 is the figure of the correlativity of expression current waveform and current differential waveform.

Figure 31 is the figure of the operation processing unit of expression the invention process form 16.

Figure 32 is the figure of correlativity of the output of expression voltage waveform and threshold detection unit.

Figure 33 is illustrated in the example 17 of the present invention, on the electric current of electromagnetism winding, the voltage waveform and flex point and feature figure constantly.

Figure 34 is the figure of the winding current waveform under the state of the friction of expression common state and driver element when increasing.

Figure 35 is the figure of the winding current waveform under the state that consumed of expression common state and make and break contact.

Figure 36 is expression common state and because the figure of the winding current waveform under the state that the deterioration capacity of capacitor has reduced.

Figure 37 is the figure of correlativity of change of each form factor of friction force, the capacitor deterioration of current value I b among the flex point B of expression Figure 33 and the current value I f among the flex point F and contact consumption, mobile unit.

Figure 38 is illustrated in the example 18 of the present invention, the figure of the correlativity of the change of each form factor that the friction force of winding voltage waveform and contact consumption, mobile unit, capacitor deterioration, charging voltage reduce.

Embodiment

Fig. 1～Fig. 9 is the figure that expression is used to implement example 1 of the present invention, it is the structural drawing of vacuum circuit breaker that Fig. 1 has been to use the equipment that is operated of electromagnetic operating mechanism, Fig. 2 is the constitutional diagram of the on off state of expression vacuum circuit breaker, and Fig. 3 is the enlarged drawing of electromagnetic operating mechanism.Fig. 4 is the structural drawing of structure of the contact consumption determinator of expression vacuum circuit breaker.Fig. 5 is illustrated in the performance plot that disconnects with the stroke of electric current that flows through in the winding and movable core, and Fig. 6 is the quality when representing the action of vacuum circuit breaker and the performance plot of contact contact pressure.Fig. 7 is the process flow diagram that is used to illustrate action, Fig. 8 is illustrated in the performance plot that disconnects with the rate of change of the electric current that flows through in the winding, Fig. 9 compares the current waveform that flows through and the key diagram of stroke in disconnecting with winding with when consumption is arranged when representing the contact no consumption.

In Fig. 1, the vacuum valve 3 that constitutes vacuum circuit breaker is accommodated make and break contact 5 in the receptacle of vacuum.It is that the left and right directions of Fig. 1 is provided with the predetermined gap travelling contact 5b of configuration relatively that make and break contact 5 has on the fixed contact 5a that the left of Fig. 1 sets at direction of principal axis.Fixed drive rod 7 on travelling contact 5b constitutes mobile unit 6 by travelling contact 5b and driving rod 7.This can be connected with the movable core 16 of electromagnetic operating mechanism 10 described later through compression spring 8 and spring suppport 9 for unit 6.

Electromagnetic operating mechanism 10 (also with reference to Fig. 3) comprising: closed with winding 13, disconnection winding 14, movable core 16.Be wound in the rectangle of hollow with winding 13 and disconnection with winding 14 as driving, predetermined arranged spaced be set along direction of principal axis with the closure of electromagnetism winding.The movable core 16 of the rectangular section that forms with strong magnetic material is adapted to and can moves along direction of principal axis in axial each core with winding 14 with winding 13 and disconnection in closure.In addition, at the permanent magnet 16a (with reference to Fig. 3) of the outer peripheral portion upper mounting plate shape of movable core 16.Drive electric power unit 20 comprises: closed with capacitor 23, disconnection capacitor 24, close command switch 27, open command switch 28.In addition, on the connecting line 31 with winding 14 the amperometric determination unit being set with capacitor 24 and disconnection in the disconnection that connects drive electric power unit 20 is electric current tester 32.

Connecting power switchgear on electric current tester 32 is the contact consumption determinator 33 that characteristic quantity is held device.Contact consumption determinator 33 comprises as its detailed structure shown in Figure 4: AD transducer 33a, the 1st flex point search unit promptly disconnect starting point search unit 33b, storer 33c, hold the contact consumption amount calculation unit 33d and the contact consumption identifying unit 33e of unit as characteristic quantity.In addition, each function that disconnects starting point search unit 33b, contact consumption amount calculation unit 33d is realized by CPU.Though disconnection starting point search unit 33b or contact consumption amount calculation unit 33d illustrate yet totalizer and multiplier are not arranged, can carry out arithmetic.The numerical value that becomes the object of arithmetic is to carry out computing the register variable from the working area that storer 33c is placed into disconnection starting point search unit 33b or contact consumption amount calculation unit 33d inside.Operation result is sent to storer 33 after temporarily being placed in the register variable.

Secondly, the switch motion of vacuum circuit breaker is described.In Fig. 1, the closure of drive electric power unit 20 is charged to predetermined voltage when growing with capacitor 24 with capacitor 23 and disconnection.Be under the state of disconnection at the travelling contact 5b shown in Fig. 1 and Fig. 2 (a), provide close command if push close command switch 27, then closure with capacitor 23 in the electric charge of charging supply to closed with winding 13.So, along direction of principal axis, drive movable core 16 by the electric current that flows through in winding 13 in closure to the left of Fig. 1, through compression spring 8 and drive rod 7, make travelling contact 5b contact fixed contact 5a and closure.At this moment after travelling contact 5b touches fixed contact 5a and becomes the state of Fig. 2 (b), further compress compression spring 8, become the state of the Fig. 2 (c) that has guaranteed the contact pressure between the contact, keep this state by the magnetic flux that is installed in the permanent magnet 16a in the movable core 16, become closure state.

Under this closure state, provide open command if push open command switch 28, then the electric charge of charging supplies to disconnection winding 14 through connecting line 31 in disconnecting with capacitor 24, by the electric current that in disconnecting, flows through with winding 14, movable core 16 is driven to the right-hand of Fig. 1 along direction of principal axis, at first changes to the state shown in Fig. 2 (b) from the state of Fig. 2 (c).During this period, even movable core 16 moves to right-hand, compressed compression spring 8 is just elongation also, and the driving rod 7 of travelling contact 5b and vacuum valve 3 one sides does not move.Then, if movable core 16 further moves to right-hand, then travelling contact 5b, driving rod 7, compression spring 8, spring suppport 9 and movable core 16 become one to right-hand mobile, travelling contact 5b leaves fixed contact 5a, become the state of Fig. 2 (a), keep by the magnetic flux that is installed in the permanent magnet 16a on the movable core 16, become off-state.

Before the action of explanation contact consumption determinator 33, the variation of the electric current that flows through and the stroke of movable core 16 is described when the vacuum isolating switch disconnects in disconnecting with winding 14.When the vacuum isolating switch disconnects, as mentioned above, magnetic flux according to the black arrow shown in Figure 3 of permanent magnet 16a, movable core 16 compression compression springs 8, keep guaranteed the contact pressure between contact 5a, the 5b state (Fig. 2 (c)) here, in disconnecting, flow through the electric current of flow direction of the above-mentioned black arrow of counteracting permanent magnet with winding 14.So, above-mentioned maintenance magnetic force decay, according to the electromagnetic attraction that the magnetic flux by white arrow takes place, movable core 16 moves to disconnecting direction (right of Fig. 1～Fig. 3).

After movable core 16 begins to move, at first because the spring suppport 9 that is connected with movable core 16 moves, therefore in electromagnetic operating mechanism 10, the inertia of the mass fraction of the connecting link of movable core 16, spring suppport 9, compression spring 8 and connection movable core 16 and spring suppport 9 plays a role.Then, when movable core 16 to right-hand moved certain certain distance after, spring suppport 9 touches the driving rod 7 that is positioned at vacuum valve 3 one sides.That is, become the state of Fig. 2 (b) from the state of Fig. 2 (c).From this constantly, the movable member integral body from movable core 16 to travelling contact 5b becomes one mobile, and as shown in Figure 6, moving mass increases severely.Electromagnetic operating mechanism 10 is accepted this inertia.

These actions are based on following circuit equation (1) (2) and equation of motion (3), and in the process of a series of actions of movable core 16 or travelling contact 5b etc., quality relevant with drive system or load change intermittently, and its variation brings variation for disconnecting with the current waveform that flows through in the winding 14.The present application is conceived to this phenomenon.

Circuit equation (1) be before driving and drive to finish after the static state of mobile unit 6 under the equation set up.Circuit equation (2) is in the driving process, and the equation of setting up under the state of speed electromotive force item has taken place.

[several 1]

$I\left(t\right)\·R+\frac{\mathrm{d\φ}(I\left(t\right),z\left(t\right))}{\mathrm{dI}}\·\frac{\mathrm{dI}}{\mathrm{dt}}=E......\left(1\right)$

$I\left(t\right)\·R+\frac{\mathrm{d\φ}(I\left(t\right),z\left(t\right))}{\mathrm{dI}}\·\frac{\mathrm{dI}}{\mathrm{dt}}+\frac{\mathrm{d\φ}(I\left(t\right),z\left(t\right))}{\mathrm{dz}}\·\frac{\mathrm{dz}}{\mathrm{dt}}=E......\left(2\right)$

$m\left(z\left(t\right)\right)\frac{d^2\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="2"\; label="z\; d\; t"\; filenames="A20058001491400671.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">z</figure-callout>}}{d{t}^{}}=\mathrm{Fm}(I\left(t\right),z\left(t\right))+\mathrm{Fs}\left(z\left(t\right)\right)+F_{\mathrm{friction}}......\left(3\right)$

Here, I: winding current, R: winding resistance, z: stroke, E: charging voltage, : total flux of interlinkage of winding, Fm: electromagnetic force, Fs: connect pressing spring power, Ffriction: friction force, m: inertial mass.

In addition, in formula (1) (2), suppose that the electric current that flows through supplies with from constant pressure source in winding, and applying from discharge circuit such as shown in Figure 1 capacitor or electric current under the situation that circuit supplies with, also can handle the phenomenon here equally.

And, variation to current waveform, circuit equation from before the driving of moving part 6 to being transformed into driving condition formula (1) constantly when formula (2) changes, perhaps, circuit equation is when the driving condition of mobile unit 6 is varied to the formula (2) that drives the moment after finishing and changes to formula (1), perhaps quality m in the equation of motion of formula (3) or load Fs change intermittently, make acceleration item d ²Z/dt ²Occur under the interrupted situation about changing.This is equivalent to current waveform, that is, the 1 rank differential of current-time characteristic I (t) is 0, and perhaps 1 rank differential or 2 rank differential become discrete point, and in present specification, the some general name that electric current in above-mentioned phenomenon is changed is defined as flex point.

In theory, can ask the current waveform that in disconnecting, flows through as described above with winding 14, and in the vacuum circuit breaker of reality with the example modelling of mensuration, consistent with the stroke of movable core 16, become shown in Figure 5.Among Fig. 5, the waveform of the electric current J that flows through in disconnecting with winding 14 becomes maximal value imax in the time ts of the mobile starting point (Act1) of movable core 16, after this time ts, in time tp, has the 1st flex point P, in time tq, has the 2nd flex point that becomes smallest point (below, also suitably be called smallest point) Q.Time tp, tq with excitation to disconnect moment with winding 14 be to represent at zero point (reference point) of time shaft.In addition, for following also identical At All Other Times.In addition, the reference point of time can be at an arbitrary position.

The stroke of movable core 16 changes shown in the stroke st of Fig. 5 like that, in time ts, movable core 16 begins to move (the some Act1 of Fig. 5), move the start time at contact, promptly as among the time that disconnects the starting point time (time of the flex point P takes place) tp, travelling contact 5b begins to break away from (the disconnection starting point Act2 of Fig. 5) from fixed contact 5a, movable core 16 and travelling contact 5b become one mobile later on, with (take place smallest point Q time) tq of corresponding time of smallest point Q in, move whole stroke, when movable core 16 and travelling contact 5b stop, finishing to disconnect (the disconnection end point Act3 of Fig. 5).That is, time tq is the contact mobile end time, is to disconnect the concluding time.As mentioned above, if be conceived to disconnect waveform with the electric current J that flows through in the winding 14, the time tp and the tq that ask flex point P and smallest point Q to take place, then they are to disconnect starting point and disconnect the concluding time.

Next illustrates when the vacuum isolating switch disconnects, and is determined to disconnect with the electric current that flows through in the winding 14, i.e. the electric current tester 32 of the electric current that flows through in connecting line 31 and contact consumption determinator 33.The electric current that flows through along connecting line 31 is transformed into voltage output with the proportional simulating signal of electric current that flows through by electric current tester 32, supplies to AD transducer 33a, is transformed into digital signal.According to this digital signal, to ask the position of flex point P of the current waveform of Fig. 5 be the time tp that flex point P takes place by disconnecting starting point search unit 33b.And, how to change by the time tp (initially) under the original state of minute tp against vacuum isolating switch, can ask the contact consumption by contact consumption amount calculation unit 33d.

Below, the method for the position of search flex point P is described.Here, the position of so-called flex point P is that transverse axis is taken as time shaft, and the longitudinal axis is taken as the position on the reometer coordinate of now.As the method for the position of search flex point P, can consider the whole bag of tricks, and in this example, the method that the rate of change that is conceived to electric current is found the solution is described.This search is undertaken by disconnecting starting point search unit 33b.In storer 33c, guarantee the memory block G of N size in advance, so that can keep vacuum circuit breaker to disconnect data within the needed time.For example, be 30msec if establish the needed adequate time of disconnection, then as above-mentioned example, when quantizing figure place is 10, when sampling rate was 100kS/s (Δ tg=10 μ sec interval), each guaranteed to be to arrange G to the memory block of N=3000 size more than or equal to 10.

In addition, for following calculation process, the memory block of needed for example M=N/10 size is guaranteed for arranging F.Disconnect starting point search unit 33b and so preparing on the storer 33c on the basis of arranging, carry out according to following order and handle.Below, according to the process flow diagram of Fig. 7, the action that disconnects starting point search unit 33b and contact consumption amount calculation unit 33d is described.

1) being taken into of current value (step S11)

Time when vacuum circuit breaker has been received open command is as t=0, begin to be taken into the electric current that in connecting line 31, flows through via electric current tester 32 with the interval of time Δ tg (10 μ sec), 33a is transformed into numerical data by the AD transducer, stores the data among the arrangement G of storer 33c.In j element arranging G, be kept at the value among the time j Δ tg.And, finish to be taken in the moment of having obtained N data.

2) level and smooth (step S12)

In arranging F, preserve for example per 10 mean value (step S12) of data that is taken into.By smoothly, alleviate to be kept at and arrange the noise contribution that the data among the G have.Thus, can obtain with Δ tg=100 μ sec at interval smoothed data from the sample survey.Thereby, in i element arranging F, be kept at the value among the time t=i Δ tf.

3) disconnect starting point time search (step S13)

Flex point search unit 33b at first asks its maximal value for arranging the F data.Then, order is asked the rate of change (dI/dt) of electric current.Like this, the value of obtaining like this shown in Fig. 8.As shown in Figure 8, (dI/dt) initial sharply increase is passed through U at zero point then when reducing gradually, becomes negative value.This zero point, U was corresponding with the time ts that electric current J among Fig. 5 (a) becomes maximal value imax, was the mobile starting point of movable core 16.And, after time ts, (dI/dt) becoming negative value and continue to reduce, its value sharply increases at a R place.This R is corresponding with the flex point P of Fig. 5, and the time tp that this disconnection starting point R takes place is that contact moves the start time.

In addition, the front is in present specification, with the 1 rank differential of current-time characteristic I (t) be 0, perhaps, it is suitable that 1 rank differential or 2 rank differential become discrete point, and under above-mentioned phenomenon, the some general name that electric current is changed is defined as flex point, and, need to consider following content especially in order to judge that this " becomes discontinuous ".

That is, this discontinuous existence is aimed at the situation that supposition does not comprise that statistical error is judged.Specifically, for example, in measured data, implement smoothing processing, be used in function that each or a plurality of zone separate sometimes and cooperate and obtain the result.Under the situation of implementing smoothing processing, the part discontinuous jumpy of former notebook data is because by " smoothly ", therefore unsuitable with " 1 rank differential or 2 rank differential become discontinuous ", and under this situation, by inferring, can estimate the position of " discontinuous " point for the 1 rank differential of the data variation of certain time range or the value part jumpy of 2 rank differential.Thereby, at least in the present invention, under above situation, be also included within said " becoming discrete point " in claim 2 grade.In addition, (usually because therefore difficulty becomes the cooperation of a plurality of functions) can not become " 1 rank differential or 2 rank differential are discontinuous " under the stricti jurise usually yet under situation about cooperating with a function, becomes the explanation identical with the situation of above-mentioned smoothing processing.

4) amount of cancellation of travelling contact calculates (step S14)

Contact consumption amount calculation unit 33d at first from contact move the start time be movable core that time tp and movable core 16 begin to move move the mistiming Δ tw that the start time is time ts (=tp-ts) calculate the amount of cancellation Lw of travelling contact 5b.The relation of mistiming Δ tw and amount of cancellation Lw is measured for physical device, sets up database, asks amount of cancellation Lw with reference to this database.

In addition, so-called Lw amount is to begin to move to before contact begins to move from movable core, the distance that movable core moves, perhaps, the decrement of the spring under closure state and the decrement of the spring under the off-state poor, the variable quantity of amount of cancellation equals the contact consumption.

5) contact consumption calculating (step S15)

And then, contact consumption amount calculation unit 33d ask the 2nd pre-regularly be the poor Δ Lw of the amount of cancellation Lw0 of current amount of cancellation Lw when not consuming with the contact of the 1st predetermined instant before, measuring, determine the contact consumption from the poor Δ Lw of amount of cancellation.

6) inspection of contact consumption (step S16)

Contact consumption identifying unit 33e checks whether the contact consumption that is determined surpasses predetermined value.

7) export into (step S17) outside of signal

If contact consumption identifying unit 33e contact consumption surpasses predetermined value, then alarm signal and contact consumption are outputed to the outside, if do not surpass, then the contact consumption is outputed to the outside.

Ask the contact consumption as described above, in Fig. 9 relatively and illustrate before the contact consumption and contact consumption after disconnection with the electric current that flows through in the winding winding 14.Among Fig. 9, represent disconnection before contact consumes with the electric current J of winding 14, dot disconnection after contact consumes with the electric current of winding 14 with solid line.Among Fig. 9, when new product (the 1st among the present invention regularly pre-), from corresponding to the time ts of the maximal value imax of the electric current that during disconnecting, flows through in 14 with winding and corresponding to the mistiming Δ t1 of the time tp1 of flex point P (=tp-ts) ask amount of cancellation Δ Lw1.And (the 2nd the present invention is regularly pre-) sometime after during from new product is accompanied by contact consumption, and to moving, tp1 changes to tp2 from the time to the upper left side of Fig. 9 in the position that flex point P produces.That is, begin to disconnect from movable core 16 and move travelling contact 5b and shorten from the time that fixed contact 5a breaks away from.In addition, as shown in Figure 9, the disconnection concluding time of movable core 16 arrival stroke terminals is elongated from tq1 to tq2.This is that the displacement of mobile unit extends with it because be accompanied by the increase of contact consumption.

At this moment, from corresponding to the time ts of the maximal value imax of the electric current that during disconnecting, flows through (when contact consumes almost no change) with winding 14 and corresponding to the mistiming Δ t2 of the time tp2 of flex point P (=tp2-ts) ask amount of cancellation Lw2.And amount of cancellation Lw1 and the poor Δ Lw of above-mentioned amount of cancellation Lw2 before eliminating from contact by calculating or from the tables of data of the relation of the poor Δ Lw that represents amount of cancellation and contact consumption, ask the contact consumption.

In above-mentioned, the amount of cancellation of asking travelling contact 5b from the difference of time tq and time tp has been described, ask the contact consumption from the variation (changing to Δ Lw2) of amount of cancellation, ask amount of cancellation, ask the contact consumption from the variation (changing to tp2) of time tp from tp1 and also can omit from Δ Lw1.

As mentioned above, ask the position that disconnects with the waveform flex point P of the electric current J of winding 14, ask the contact consumption from the variation of the position (time of generation) of flex point P by disconnecting starting point search unit 33b.Thereby, can not use fluorescence detector to measure the contact consumption, on the basis that does not need the optics adjustment, can reduce device volume.In addition, in this example, use the disconnection when disconnecting to ask the contact consumption, and also can ask the contact consumption with the current waveform of winding 13 from closure with the current waveform of winding.

Example 2

Among Fig. 5 of example 1 in front, current value is become the mobile starting point of maximum point as movable core.Only otherwise tight precision is considered as problem, then in this processing, just there is not obstacle, if but very at length catch phenomenon, then according to the relation of time constant of circuit etc., the mobile starting point of actual movable core is more forward slightly than electric current maximum point, therefore its flex point generally is difficult to extract because the degree that changes is little.In this example 2, introduce simple flex point searching method in this case.

That is, as shown in figure 10, than electric current maximum point the forward moment A ' of A point, movable core begins to move.At length say, at A ' point, have the flex point of current waveform, and the A point suitable with detecting easy extreme value compared, the change of waveform is little, need carry out amperometric determination with high precision in order to detect this point, can bring the cost of determinator to rise.

Therefore, using the correction of the point from the A point to A ' is correction time Δ T, by carrying out the correction that A is ordered, can carry out the more accurate form factor and the calculating of driving parameters.

Usually, compare with calculate certain flex point according to wave form analysis, the method for using correction time Δ T to infer flex point near minimal point, maximal point can easily be inferred flex point fast sometimes.

In addition, computing method as correction time Δ T, actual measurement is in advance arranged or use the mode of passing through to calculate the fixed value that determines, from in advance by experiment, calculating etc. asks the relevant function or the data bitmap of moment of ordering with A, electric current, magnitude of voltage to come calculation mode, perhaps, Wave data before the A point generates approximate function, according to the method for relatively asking for of actual waveform etc.

Example 3

Figure 11, Figure 12 represent other example of the present invention, Figure 11 be vacuum circuit breaker switching time monitoring arrangement structural drawing, Figure 12 is the process flow diagram of expression action.In Figure 11, remove beyond the AD transducer 33 and storer 33c identical as the monitoring arrangement 43 switching time of state recognizing device, also comprise: smallest point search unit 43a and smallest point search unit 43b when closed when the 2nd flex point search unit promptly disconnects, as the abnormality juding unit 43c of signal transmitter unit with Fig. 5.

Secondly, according to the action of flowchart text monitoring arrangement switching time 43 of Figure 12.Push open command switch 28 and provide open command with winding 14, make it disconnect action (step S21) to disconnecting.At this moment, the electrorheological that flows through is changed into numerical data in connecting line 31, store into (step S22) among the storer 33c by AD transducer 33a.Then, with the example 1 identical smoothing processing (step S23) of carrying out.The smallest point search unit 43a search smallest point Q (step S24) identical during by disconnection with point shown in Figure 5.

The search of the smallest point Q for example rate of change (di/dt) of the electric current J when disconnecting is carried out.Fig. 8 is illustrated in the performance plot that disconnects with the rate of change of the electric current in the winding 14 that flows through that illustrates previously, in Fig. 8, with the corresponding disconnection end point of smallest point Q S in, be conceived to (di/dt) more than or equal to predetermined value, change the smallest point (the smallest point Q of Fig. 5) when search disconnects along positive dirction.The time tq that this smallest point Q produces is owing to be the mobile end time of travelling contact 5b, promptly disconnect the concluding time, therefore by abnormality juding unit 43c judge time tq whether at preset range with interior (step S25), if break away from preset range then send the abnormal signal (step S26) of notice.If preset range is with the interior step S31 that then enters into.

The waveform of the electric current of crossing with winding 13 swashes of wave in closure when closure also carries out the variation same with electric current J shown in Figure 5.Thereby the search of the smallest point during with disconnection is identical, the smallest point in the time of can searching for closure.That is, press close command switch 27 and provide close command with winding 13, make it carry out closed action (step S31) to closure.At this moment, by AD transducer 33a the electrorheological that flows through is changed into numerical data in connecting line and store storer 33c (step S32) into.Then, carry out smoothing processing (step S33).Smallest point search unit 43b search and identical smallest point (step S34) shown in Figure 5 during by closure.The search of smallest point according to in front step S24 in identical method carry out.Because the time that this smallest point takes place is the mobile end time of travelling contact 5b, i.e. closed concluding time, therefore by abnormality juding unit 43c judge the closed concluding time whether in specialized range with interior (step S35), if break away from preset range then the unusual abnormal signal (step S36) of giving notice.

To disconnect or closed the end till under the long situation of time anomaly, can think frictional resistance increase etc. unusual when travelling contact 5b or movable core 16 move.In addition, under disconnection or closed situation about not finishing, can think the mobile bad of travelling contact 5b or movable core 16 etc.

As mentioned above, by by the abnormality juding monitoring units as the disconnection concluding time of contact mobile end time or closed concluding time, can not use mechanical switch auxiliary contact and detect and disconnect or closed end.In addition, can detect the incomplete input of isolating switch or the driving condition that can not disconnect etc. unusual, therefore prevent misoperation or improving and contribute to some extent aspect the reliability.

Example 4

Figure 13 and then be the structural drawing of characteristic quantity determinator of the vacuum circuit breaker of expression the present invention other example.In Figure 13, remove the AD transducer 33a identical to contact consumption amount calculation unit 33d as the characteristic quantity determinator 53 of state recognizing device with Fig. 4, during the disconnection identical beyond the smallest point search unit 43a with Figure 11, also have as characteristic quantity hold computing unit 53a trip time of unit, as the abnormality juding unit 53b of signal transmitting unit.By AD transducer 33a to contact consumption amount calculation unit 33d, according to the method identical with above-mentioned example 1, ask the 2nd regularly to be current amount of cancellation Lw2 and the poor Δ Lw of the 1st pre-amount of cancellation Lw1 that regularly promptly measured in the past in advance, from the poor Δ Lw decision contact consumption of amount of cancellation.And then smallest point search unit 43a asks the position that becomes minimum smallest point Q (also being flex point) at flex point P shown in Figure 5 with after-current during by disconnection.

Trip time computing unit 53a from the corresponding time tp of flex point P and with the corresponding time tq of smallest point Q (tp, tq is with reference to Fig. 5), the mistiming Δ td of seeking time tp and tq.And then, from mistiming Δ td, use with mistiming of in physical device, being measured in advance of sheet form storage and trip time relation database trip time, ask trip time.Abnormality juding unit 53b judges the contact consumption of obtaining as described above or whether has surpassed predetermined value trip time, if surpass then to outside output alarm signal and the contact consumption or the trip time that surpass, if do not surpass, then to outside output contact consumption and trip time.In addition, trip time, computing unit 53a also can ask opening velocity from trip time of being obtained and then its conversion.

In addition, this mistiming Δ td since the increase of the frictional resistance when moving because of travelling contact 5b or movable core 16 increase, therefore by can the look for the truth operating state of sky isolating switch of seeking time difference Δ td.

Because can be from disconnecting the change of asking trip time with the position of the flex point P of the current waveform of winding and smallest point Q, therefore do not needing to carry out to make equipment miniaturization, price reduction on the basis that optics adjusts according to such method.In addition; because abnormality juding unit 53b is set; judge the contact consumption or whether break away from preset range trip time; under unusual situation, give the alarm; therefore the incomplete input unusual or vacuum circuit breaker that can carry out the contact consumption maybe can not disconnect waiting moves bad supervision, can improve reliability.

Example 5

Figure 14 and then be the structural drawing of characteristic quantity determinator of the vacuum circuit breaker of expression the present invention other example.In Figure 14, has the contact consumption amount calculation unit 63a that holds the unit as the contact consumption as the characteristic quantity determinator 63 of state recognizing device.In this example, contact consumption amount calculation unit 63a utilizes with contact consumption amount calculation unit 33d diverse ways shown in Figure 13 and asks the contact consumption.About other structure because identical with example 3 shown in Figure 13, the therefore number that mark is identical on identical part and omit its explanation.Utilize the method identical to ask the position of the flex point P of current waveform with above-mentioned example 1.And then, ask the position that becomes minimum smallest point Q at flex point P shown in Figure 5 with after-current by smallest point search unit 53a.

Trip time, computing unit 53a asked the mistiming Δ td (=tq-tp is with reference to Fig. 5) of flex point P time corresponding tp and smallest point Q time corresponding tq.And then, from mistiming Δ td, use with the above-mentioned mistiming Δ td that in physical device, measures in advance of sheet form storage and database trip time of the relation of trip time, ask trip time.Mistiming Δ td1 (=tq1-tp1 when contact consumption amount calculation unit 63a asks the 1st pre-timing of measuring in physical device in advance to be new product, with reference to Fig. 9) with the 2nd pre-regularly be current (pre-determined number open and close after) mistiming Δ td2 (=tq2-tp2, with reference to Fig. 9) poor, ask the contact consumption from the database of the relation of representing this difference and contact consumption.Abnormality juding unit 53b judges whether surpass contact consumption or trip time predetermined value, if surpass then, if not super then to outside output contact consumption and trip time to outside output alarm signal and the contact consumption or the trip time that surpass.In addition, trip time, computing unit 53a can also further ask opening velocity with its conversion from the trip time of being obtained.In addition, replacement is asked the contact consumption from the change (changing to Δ td2 from Δ td1) of the mistiming Δ td of time tp and time tq, also can be from the change of time tq, the difference of the time tq2 when promptly time tq1 during new product and pre-determined number open and close is asked the contact consumption.

Like this, from disconnect with the flex point P time corresponding tp of the current waveform of winding and with the change of smallest point Q time corresponding tq, perhaps ask the contact consumption with the change of smallest point Q time corresponding tq.In addition, can from disconnect with the flex point P time corresponding tp of the current waveform of winding and the change that smallest point Q time corresponding tq asks trip time.Thereby, on the basis that does not need the optics adjustment, can make equipment miniaturization, low price.In addition; because abnormality juding unit 53b is set; judge the contact consumption or whether break away from preset range trip time; under unusual situation, give the alarm; bad actions such as the incomplete input unusual or vacuum circuit breaker that therefore can understand the contact consumption maybe can not disconnect can improve reliability.

Example 6

Figure 15 and then be the structural drawing of switch controlling device of the vacuum circuit breaker of expression the present invention other example.In Figure 15, switch controlling device 73 has temperature and condenser voltage is obtained unit 73a, closure time predicting unit 73b, dropped into timing control unit 73c.About other structure with shown in Figure 4 identical.At first, by the flex point search unit 33b search flex point P identical, the time tp that asks flex point P to take place with point shown in Figure 5.Contact consumption amount calculation unit 33d becomes peaked time ts and above-mentioned time tp from disconnecting with the electric current that flows through the winding 14, identical with example 1, calculate the amount of cancellation Lw of travelling contact 5b, the difference of the amount of cancellation Lw0 before the contact consumption that goes out with previous calculations is asked the contact consumption.Temperature and condenser voltage are obtained temperature and the closed data of using the voltage of capacitor 23 that unit 73a obtains vacuum circuit breaker.Closure time predicting unit 73b predicts the closure time when computing is closed next time according to these temperature and voltage and above-mentioned contact consumption.

If closure uses the temperature height of winding 13 then its resistance is big, the electric current that flows through reduces, then the closure time of closure time predicting unit 73b prediction computing is elongated, if the capacity of the temperature height of capacitor 23 then capacitor 23 increases, the electric current that flows through in winding 13 in closure increases, then the closure time of closure time predicting unit 73b prediction computing shortens, and, therefore shortens because closure increases with the electric current that flows through in the winding 13 if the charging voltage of capacitor 23 is high.In addition, the vacuum circuit breaker or the inside of power switchgear that comprises vacuum circuit breaker be owing to can expect to become almost even temperature, therefore can represent the temperature of capacitor 23 and closed usefulness winding 13 with certain any temperature information of power switchgear inside.

And then if according to the wearing and tearing of contact, flex point P moves to left, and the state start time, then travelling contact 5b must many movable contacts wear extent part in advance, and traveling time is corresponding lengthening trip time.Thereby, because the displacement of the travelling contact 5b contact wear extent part (with reference to time tp1, the tp2 of Fig. 9) that also correspondingly extends when closed, therefore when closure, add the time prediction closure time of the distance that moves this contact wear extent part.Closed timing control unit 73c according to the input (closure) of the closure time control vacuum circuit breaker of institute's computing regularly.Control to make and for example drop into regularly when having dropped into vacuum circuit breaker, in make and break contact, flow into to gush electric current almost nil, seek to reduce the contact consumption of vacuum circuit breaker.

In addition, the prediction computing of closure time is precision as requested, also can omit closed information of voltage and closure with capacitor 23 and carry out with the some of temperature information of winding 13.The situation of example 7 described later is also identical.

Example 7

Figure 16 and then be the structural drawing of controllable device of the vacuum circuit breaker of expression the present invention other example.In Figure 16, smallest point search unit 43a and closure time predicting unit 83a when switch controlling device 83 has disconnection.About other structure with shown in Figure 15 identical.At first, smallest point search unit 43a during by flex point search unit 33b and disconnection, search flex point P and smallest point Q (with reference to P, the Q of Fig. 5), the disconnection of asking flex point P and smallest point to produce begins and disconnects the concluding time is time tp, tq.Ask the displacement of the travelling contact 5b when disconnecting from the poor Δ tpq of this time tq and time tp.In addition, obtain temperature and the closed data of using the voltage of capacitor 23 that unit 73a obtains vacuum circuit breaker by temperature and condenser voltage.The displacement d of closure time predicting unit 83a during according to these temperature and voltage and above-mentioned disconnection, the closure time when the prediction computing is closed next time.

If closure uses the temperature height of winding 13 then its resistance is big, the electric current that flows through reduces, then the closure time of closure time predicting unit 83a prediction computing is elongated, if the capacity of the temperature height of capacitor 23 then capacitor 23 increases, the electric current that flows through in winding 13 in closure increases, then the closure time of closure time predicting unit 83a prediction computing shortens, if the charging voltage height of capacitor 23 then owing to closed increase with the electric current that flows through in the winding 13, then closure time predicting unit 83a predicts that the closure time of computing shortens.In addition, the vacuum circuit breaker or the inside of power switchgear that comprises vacuum circuit breaker be owing to can expect to become almost even temperature, therefore can represent the temperature of capacitor 23 and closed usefulness winding 13 with certain any temperature information of power switchgear inside.

And then, since according to the wearing and tearing of contact, the displacement of the travelling contact 5b during disconnection lengthening, so closure time also correspondingly extends, generate the corresponding table of relation that makes displacement d and closure time in advance, when the prediction closure time, ask closure time with reference to this table.Closed timing control unit 73c according to the input (closure) of the closure time control vacuum circuit breaker of institute's computing regularly.

Example 8

In the example 1 in front, carry out the search (Fig. 8) of each flex point on the current waveform according to the time rate of change of electric current.Below, in this example 8, for current waveform being adapted in the polynomial curve of approximation, ask the situation of each flex point according to this curve of approximation, according to its action of flowchart text of Figure 17.

1) being taken into of current value (step S41)

When vacuum circuit breaker is accepted open command as time t=0, with time Δ tg (10 μ sec) at interval, begin to be taken into the electric current that flows through in the connecting line 31 through electric current tester 32,33a is transformed into numerical data by the AD transducer, stores the data among the arrangement G of storer 33c.Value in j element arranging G among the holding time j Δ tg.And, finish to be taken in the moment of getting N data.

2) level and smooth (step S42)

In arranging F, preserve the mean value (step S42) of for example per 10 parts of the data that are taken into.By smoothly, reduce being kept at the noise contribution that comprises in the data of arranging among the G.Thus, obtain with Δ tf=100 μ sec at interval level and smooth data from the sample survey.Thereby, the value in i element arranging F among the holding time t=i Δ tf.

3) maximum value search (step S43)

Ask the peaked element imax that arranges F.

4) flex point near point search starting point is set (step S44)

With the element of 30 fronts for example being equivalent to 3msec from imax number as flex point near point search starting point ist.

5) ask curve of approximation (step S45) for arranging F

For the value of the arrangement F of the scope till from ist to imax, use least square method, be similar to polynomial expression.For example, with quafric curve (at ²+ bt+c) approximate, ask coefficient a, b, c (with reference to Figure 18) respectively.About being similar to of least square method owing to be that therefore the general extensive method of knowing omits detailed explanation.Approximate expression is not limited to quadratic expression certainly, but handles easily according to quafric curve.

6) judge approximate whether successfully (step S46)

Whether the symbol decision according to coefficient a is similar to successfully.That is, as shown in figure 19, if a 〉=0, then because curve of approximation would become the therefore failure of shape of protruding downwards.Under the situation of failure, ist is added 1 turn back to step S45.On the other hand, under the situation of a＜0, owing to be that therefore the shape of protruding upward is similar to successfully.At this moment, the value of imax as approximate end point ied (imax=ied).

7) ask extrapolation error (step S47)

For extrapolation point t=ied+1, ask error D=F (t)-(at ²+ bt+c).

8) judge whether it is flex point near point (step S48)

Whether surpass the judgment value that is predetermined according to error D, judge whether it is the near point of flex point.If the flex point near point then becomes the value smaller or equal to its judgment value.

Therefore, for example judgment value as 5, if as shown in figure 20, D≤5 then as being not the flex point near point, enter into the step S19 of next, if as shown in figure 21, D＞5 then as being the flex point near point, enter into step S50.

9) calculating again (step S49) of curve of approximation

Ied is added 1, and the value for the arrangement F of the scope till from ist to ied reuses least square method, with quafric curve (at ²+ bt+c) approximate, ask coefficient a, b, c respectively.And, turn back to step S47, till finding the flex point near point, carry out step S47 repeatedly to step S49.

10) set flex point search starting point (step S50)

From the element of for example suitable arrangement G of flex point near point with the position of having returned 100 μ sec number as flex point search starting point jst.That is jst=10 * (ied-1).

12) set flex point search end point (step S51)

From the element of for example suitable arrangement G of flex point near point with the position of 200 μ sec fronts number as flex point search end point jed.That is jed=10 * (ied+2).

13) ask curve of approximation (step S52)

For the value of the arrangement G of the scope from jst to jed, use the least square method polynomial approximation.For example use quafric curve (at ²+ bt+c) approximate, ask coefficient a, b, c respectively.

14) decision of flex point (step S53)

As shown in figure 22, quafric curve (at is provided ²+ bt+c) the tp=-b/ (2a) of minimum value is as the position of flex point P.In addition, among Figure 22, Dn, the Dn+1, Dn+2, the Dn+3 that represent with stain are the data of arranging G.

15) mistiming of corner position is calculated (step S54)

The position time corresponding tp of the flex point P1 that asks and search out like this and and measure in advance do not have contact to consume the time the position time corresponding tp0 of flex point P between mistiming (tp0-tp).

15) contact consumption calculating (step S55)

Contact consumption amount calculation unit 33d according to experiment or calculate the formula or the table of the mistiming (tp0-tp) obtain and the relation (almost proportional) of contact consumption, asks the contact consumption from advance.

According to above order, use the approximate position of asking the flex point that disconnects the current waveform of using winding of least square method, can ask the contact consumption from the position (the time tp of generation) of flex point P.Thereby, can not use fluorescence detector to carry out the mensuration of contact consumption, on the basis that does not need the optics adjustment, can make equipment miniaturization.Contact consumption determinator 33 can realize by enough monolithic IC, can be suitable for especially being assembled into that strong request is small-sized, in light weight, in the vacuum circuit breaker of low price.

In addition, flex point P or Q do not rely on flex point search unit or smallest point search unit etc., for example, also can on the picture of display device, show current waveform J shown in Figure 5, in this display frame by visual with click flex point P and Q, from clicked coordinate points seeking time tp and tq, from the database of used identical contact consumption example 1, calculate the contact consumption automatically.

Example 9

In addition, the method that detects according to current waveform has been shown in each above example, and by the disconnection of the electric charge excitation of capacitor with or closed with under the situation of winding, owing to the flex point identical in its voltage, occur, therefore can ask the equipment state of contact consumption or trip time or closure time according to identical method with electric current.Example 9 is the figure that ask characteristic quantity from the flex point of this voltage waveform, and Figure 23 is determined at non-field copper when representing to disconnect action, and promptly closed result's (representing with fine line) with the voltage of induction in the winding 13 is corresponding with the Fig. 5 that shows with the electric current waveform table.In addition, among the figure, heavy line is represented the stroke of movable core 16.

Can ask flex point P according to for example its time derivative characteristic of resulting voltage waveform from Figure 23, can access disconnection start time (contact moves the start time) tp.Thereby, the identical method that illustrated when having utilized current waveform, the variation that can hold the characteristic quantity of power switchgear with the front.

Example 10

In above real form example, with from the mobile starting point of movable core to the mobile end point (the example of Fig. 5, be equivalent to disconnect end point Q) current waveform on flex point in change information be object, and in this example 10 explanation also can be from the waveform changes persuing information behind the mobile end of movable core.

In Figure 24, the release of switchgear, the waveform that the electric current that the knock-on of promptly movable mobile end unshakable in one's determination when the later current waveform of Q point represents to have overlapped the conflict of the moving part by electromagnetic operating mechanism constantly produces changes.And, the state of the actuating speed of the size reflection switchgear of this machinery knock-on, stationary state etc.Thereby, can be from the variation of the change-detection equipment state of the later current waveform of this Q point.

Specifically, the current waveform later from the Q point uses specific a plurality of points, infer the current waveform when knock-on not taking place, ask the difference of this current waveform of inferring out (with the interpolation curve representation of the dotted portion that comprises this figure) and measured waveform (representing) with solid line.The size of representing above-mentioned machinery knock-on at this difference waveform shown in the Lower Half of this figure.From difference waveform, extract the time width of its maximal value, waveform, the numerical value of integrated value, by comparing, carry out the condition judgement of switchgear with data just often or the boundary value that is predetermined, be judged to be under the unusual situation output abnormality signal.By adding such abnormality juding unit, can know the abnormality of device in advance.

Example 11

In addition, more than exemplified vacuum circuit breaker as power switchgear, certainly also can be useful in air switch device or electromagnetic contactor etc. and have in the electric power switch unit with the electromagnetic operating mechanism of spline structure.The present invention can also be applied in widely in the equipment.

Figure 25 is the example of the state recognizing device of suitable the present application in the electromagnetic operating mechanism of relevant with the invention process form 11 clamping device that uses in driving elevator etc.In the drawings, electromagnetic operating mechanism 100 is identical with the electromagnetic operating mechanism 10 that illustrated in Fig. 1,3, and by operating in the electric current that flows through in a pair of winding 101,102, movable core 103 drives linkage unit 104 to the paper left and right directions.When Figure 25 represents that braking is formulated, according to the expansion force of retracting spring 105, the damping force that brake rod 106 generations are clamped track 107 with certain power.

Here, if provide electric current to carry out excitation to winding 101,102, then movable core 103 moves to the paper left, in the time of compression retracting spring 105, brake rod 106 is rotated, and deorbit 107 discharges damping force.Thus, cage begins to move.

Figure 26 represents the winding current waveform of the clamping device of Figure 25, and the next flex point P during current peak becomes the braking release movement concluding time.And, when changing along with the time, increases such as the friction of linkage unit, after machine performance changed, as shown in the figure, when current value increased, flex point shifted into P1 → P2 → P3, and the braking release movement concluding time is elongated.

Thereby, according to in front example 1 grade in the identical main points that illustrated, measure over time by holding the temporal information that monitors flex point by the flex point search unit of current waveform, by before the generation action is bad, sending abnormality alarm, when can prevent obstacle in advance, can implement reliably to safeguard.

Certainly, because the change of the wear extent of braking sliding unit also exerts an influence, therefore also can infer wear extent in the temporal information of the flex point that searches out from the data of these flex points.

In addition, be not limited to the clamping device of elevator, in the air valve apparatus of the switching manipulation of the valve that carries out that automobile is used etc., can be suitable for the present invention too, play same effect.

And then, generally in the variation of the form factors such as friction of the equipment that is operated that drives according to electromagnetic operating device and by its electromagnetic operating device, can be suitable for the present invention too in calutron that its drive characteristic changes or the state recognizing by the equipment that is operated of electromagnetic operating device operation.

In addition, according to the state recognizing device suitable application area of the present application, the situation of the winding that only uses an electromagnetic operating mechanism is arranged.Here, in order to search for its flex point from voltage waveform, need to measure the voltage of this winding from the process of driving power supplying electric currents such as capacitor.In this case, according to the electric current change, the change of the voltage that produces in the inside of above-mentioned driving power landing becomes the variation in voltage waveform of object search.

Example 12

Here, the main points of detection as the capacity change of the capacitor (with reference to Fig. 1) of the driving power of electromagnetic drive mechanism are described.That is, capacitor is element deterioration in the process that discharges and recharges action repeatedly generally, and its static capacity reduces gradually.After the electric capacity tolerance of the electric capacity more than the decline certain value, then can not supply with the normal electric current that drives operation of compensation to winding, cause that as electromagnetic operating device action is bad, so need carry out the supervision of capacity.

Figure 27 represents the voltage waveform of the terminal voltage of the capacitor when winding discharges.And, be conceived to the variation of the voltage waveform after capacitor volume changes here especially.That is, as shown in the figure, after condenser capacity reduced to 80%, 60% from original state (100%), the rate of decay of voltage changed as can be known.Therefore, pass through the later voltage attenuation amount of certain hour, can hold capacitor volume and worsen by detecting when voltage applies, if give the alarm after certain capacity reduces when detecting, can prevent the defective mode of electromagnetic operating device in advance, simultaneously, can implement reliably to safeguard.

Particularly,, then can not use special-purpose capacity monitor to monitor condenser capacity, can constitute control device at an easy rate if this volume change detection method is brought in the switch controlling device of example 6,7 (with reference to Figure 15,16).

Example 13

Here, illustrative ease ground detects the main points of the environment temperature of electromagnetic operating device.Closure at electromagnetic operating device is used in the winding 14 with winding 13 and disconnection, does not have certain predetermined instant energising weak current instrumentation output voltage of action at isolating switch.Here,, therefore measure the resistance of winding in advance in winding, can roughly hold environment temperature for the resistance rate of change of above-mentioned resistance by instrumentation because the resistance of the lead that uses changes for temperature linearity.Here, if,, then know the variation of environment temperature if therefore monitor above-mentioned output voltage because resistance change then output voltage when flowing through faint electric current change according to V=I*R.

According to detected environment temperature, by before the action that produces isolating switch is bad, sending abnormality alarm, can prevent obstacle in advance, simultaneously, can implement reliably to safeguard.In addition,, then can not use special-purpose thermometer to monitor environment temperature, constitute control device at an easy rate if the temperature of being inferred is brought in the switch controlling device of example 6,7 (with reference to Figure 15,16).

In addition, use the winding of electromagnetic operating mechanism 10 here, and for example also can be the little winding coiling that temperature measuring is used, this coiling not necessarily needs to be embedded in the electromagnetic operating mechanism 10.

Example 14

Here, illustrative ease ground detects other main points of the environment temperature of electromagnetic operating device.

Expression has used the environment temperature of Hall element to infer example among Figure 28.Among the figure, on the part of fixed iron core, form the magnetic flux Judas-hole, Hall element 110 is installed in these Judas-hole.Generally, the output voltage of Hall element has certain gradient for environment temperature.Promptly, become Vh=K α B (in the formula, Vh: hall element output voltage, K: temperature coefficient, α: the output sensitivity during normal temperature, B: magnetic flux density), keep disconnecting or closure state at electromagnetic operating mechanism 10, under the situation of permanent magnet generation certain magnetic field, the change of hall element output voltage Vh only becomes the temperature change based on the said temperature coefficient k.That is,, can infer environment temperature by monitoring the change of Vh.

According to detected environment temperature, can prevent fault in advance by before the action that produces isolating switch is bad, sending abnormality alarm, simultaneously, can implement reliably to safeguard.In addition,, then can not use special-purpose thermometer to monitor environment temperature, can constitute control device at an easy rate if the temperature of being inferred is brought in the switch controlling device of example 6,7 (with reference to Figure 15,16).

In addition, side configuration Monday Hall element outside electromagnetic operating mechanism here, this allocation position so long as on the magnetic circuit that the magnetic flux of permanent magnet 16 passes through then any position all can.

Example 15

Here, introduction can realize obtaining the state recognizing device of the computing of current value information in the flex point or magnitude of voltage information easily.

Figure 29 represents the operation processing unit of the invention process form 15.In Figure 29, possess detector switch with 1 rank differentiated waveform detecting unit 124 of 1 rank differentiated waveform of the electric current of winding 121, detect the zero cross point of its differentiated waveform, in the zero cross detection unit 127 of its zero cross point output pulse signal.

Among Figure 30, in the flex point on the current waveform of this figure (a), become the minimizing point of maximum value and be replaced as zero cross point (this figure (b)) on the electric current 1 rank differentiated waveform.Among Figure 29, current signal converter unit 126A from the pulse signal of zero cross detection unit 127 as trigger pip, the current value of using winding 121 from the disconnection of current waveform detecting unit 122 as the electric current change information in this flex point, is sent to being taken into characteristic quantity determination unit 125.

Voltage signal converter unit 126B from the pulse signal of zero cross detection unit 127 as trigger pip, the magnitude of voltage of using winding 121 from the disconnection of voltage waveform detecting unit 123 as the change in voltage information in this flex point, is sent to being taken into characteristic quantity determination unit 125.

In such structure, because being extracted by zero crossings detecting unit 127, the flex point on the current waveform is a plurality of pulse signals, therefore do not need to be taken into whole waveforms of electric current, voltage, can only in arithmetic element, handle the particular value that reads in ADC the pulse signal as trigger pip.Thereby, can realize the apparatus structure that the load of arithmetic element is light, cost is low.

In addition, can detect the current differential waveform by Wound-rotor type CT, and in the current waveform of general electromagnetic operating mechanism, owing to comprise near the band signal that a large amount of 10Hz are, therefore in the Wound-rotor type CT of common ribbon core because the saturated influence of iron core can not be carried out correct mensuration.For this reason, by using hollow type CT (so-called Rogowski (Rogowski) CT), can carry out more accurate mensuration.

In addition, as shown in figure 29, also logical OR circuit 129 can be set, as the pulse signal that uses in trigger pip, be benchmark to drive the sign on signal, adds the corresponding pulse signal of special time that takes place with timer units 128.

In addition, zero cross detection is removed beyond the current value, also can be voltage detecting value or voltage derivative detected value as object.

Shown in Figure 30 (c), can add taking-up from electric signal, and then take out 2 rank differential signals of electric current by differentiating circuit from 1 rank differentiated waveform detecting unit 124, the peak value that carries out electric current 2 rank differential signals detects or the circuit of zero cross detection.Because the flex point of the peak value of electric current 2 rank differential signals or zero cross point performance current signal, the computing that therefore can carry out the change information in large-scale flex point search and this flex point easy, at an easy rate obtains.

Example 16

Figure 31 is the structural drawing of the state recognizing device in the expression the invention process form 16, and identical with the example 15 of front, purpose is to realize easily obtaining the computing of change information.

Among Figure 31, possess the 1 rank differentiated waveform detecting unit 124 that detect to disconnect with 1 rank differentiated waveform of the electric current of winding 121, the zero cross point that detects this differentiated waveform, in the zero cross detection unit 127 of this zero cross point output pulse signal, this point is identical with the example 15 of front.

On the other hand, the signal of exporting from voltage waveform detecting unit 123 is input to the threshold detection unit 130, in the arithmetic element of characteristic quantity determination unit 125, only imports the pulse signal from these threshold detection unit 130 and zero cross detection unit 127.

In threshold detection unit 130, shown in figure 32, during the input signal signal bigger than certain threshold value, output makes output pulse signal become the signal of ON.Thereby the information of pulsewidth time at this moment becomes the information of the decay waveform that comprises voltage, can be used as this pulse width information one of measured value of the form factor that is used for computing equipment.

In the arithmetic element of characteristic quantity determinator 125, according to the form factor that comes the compute switch device from the temporal information of each pulse signal of threshold detection unit 130 and zero cross detection unit 127.

In addition, also can be from the input of the signal of current waveform detecting unit 122 as threshold detection unit 130.

By adopting such structure, can omit the ADC unit, can constitute arithmetic element with low cost.

Example 17

In each above example example, illustrated according to from the flex point relevant information on the output waveform of the determination unit of electric current or voltage, detect specific state, for example, contact moves start time or contact mobile end time, and then, measure over time according to these information, the unit and the method for the characteristic quantities such as consumption of detector switch contact are compared with in the past unit and method, confirm as more useful.

And the present application, promptly, ask from the change information in the flex point on the output waveform of the determination unit that is determined at electric current that flows through in the electromagnetism winding or the voltage that in the electromagnetism winding, takes place, infer the state recognizing device of the state of the equipment of being operated or electromagnetic operating device removes beyond the above illustrative particularly form example according to this change information, as the method for holding large-scale state is effectively, and need be careful as follows at its where applicable.

That is, generally be subjected to various states as the temporal information in each flex point, current value information, magnitude of voltage change in information information, i.e. the influence of the variation of a plurality of form factors.Thereby, in order to hold the quantity of state of these a plurality of form factors reliably, accurately, need to analyze the phenomenon when each form factor is changed certainly, also need to analyze the compound phenomenon that causes by a plurality of factors.

In this example 17, though the explanation of a part and front repeats, explanation is from the various useful method of above viewpoint.As being operated equipment, supposing that power switchgear describes, and certainly also can be equally applicable to other equipment such as the clamping device that in example 11, adopts.

The disconnection electric current of winding and the figure of voltage when Figure 33 is the expression disconnection.Drive charging voltage with the power utilization capacitor.Winding current waveform or voltage waveform begin release to mobile unit from winding energising, perhaps after release, carry out complicated change repeatedly, for example, have a plurality of flex points shown in the A～H among the figure.In addition, among the figure, I is illustrated in the feature moment of adopting in the example 18 described later, is described in detail in this form 18.The appearance of these flex points is according to the form of cut-off/close action or Electromagnetically-operating and difference.By current waveform detecting unit and voltage waveform detecting unit current waveform and voltage waveform are taken into switch controlling device, from these waveform data operational analysis algorithms, extract the flex point in the waveform, putting the corresponding moment as Ta～Th with these, current value as Ia～Ih, magnitude of voltage as Va～Vh.

These measured values are according to the state change of power switchgear.Here, state as power switchgear, it is the value that obtains the factor of the acting characteristic variation that makes power switchgear, variable quantity by this factor surpasses certain value, the probability that action is bad or the generation action is bad that produces power switchgear rises, and can change according to the history run or the elapsed time of power switchgear.Specifically, the factor of so-called state is the temperature of power switchgear, the friction force that takes place in moving part, use capacitor volume in the system that capacitor switches in winding and capacitor charging voltage, use supply voltage, the resistance value in the winding power-on circuit, the consumption of the make and break contact in the vacuum valve, the disconnection of permanent magnet or closed confining force etc. in the system that constant pressure source switches in winding.

An example of the winding current waveform in the power switchgear that the friction of winding current waveform, drive part had increased when Figure 34 represented the disconnection of the power switchgear under the common state.In this example, the discharge current of electromagnetism winding origin self-capacitance device drives.If the friction force that takes place in moving part increases, the spring force that then works in movable core and the part of electromagnetic force and friction force are offset, and the power that drives movable core reduces, and the translational speed of movable core descends.Therefore, begin to move the time play till make and break contact begins to disconnect and postpone to time of the release of movable core from movable core.That is, Tb, Tf postpone flex point B, flex point F the time.In addition, because it is low when common that make and break contact begins to disconnect the translational speed of movable core of time point B, therefore the inverse electromotive force that takes place in winding according to the translational speed of movable core reduces, and is easier to flow through electric current, so the current value I b among the flex point B becomes the tendency that increases when common.

In addition, though in the release point F of moving part, have by the descend increase of the current value I f that causes of the speed of movable core, yet because because driving time is elongated, added to arriving before the flex point F, the quantity of electric charge that discharges from capacitor increases, magnitude of voltage Vf among the flex point F reduces, and current value I f reduces such effect thus, therefore show with flex point B in the different variation of variation of current value.In addition, also identical about other flex point, constantly, the value of electric current, voltage changes according to friction force.

An example of the winding current waveform in the power switchgear that winding current waveform, make and break contact when Figure 35 represents the disconnection of the power switchgear under the common state consumed.In this example, the electromagnetism winding is used for the discharge current of self-capacitance device and drives.If make and break contact consumption, then before the some B that begins to disconnect from the mobile starting point A of movable core to make and break contact, the distance that movable core moves shortens.Therefore, the moment Tb of flex point B becomes value little when common.In addition, the distance that movable core moves till the some B that begins to disconnect from the mobile starting point A of movable core to make and break contact is the decrement of spring, because the decrement of spring reduces, so the speed of the movable core among the flex point B is low when common.Thus, according to the translational speed of movable core, the inverse electromotive force that takes place in winding reduces, and is more conducive to flow through electric current, and therefore, the current value I b among the flex point B becomes the tendency that increases when common.In addition, in the release point F of movable core, according to the speed decline of movable core, the moment Tb of flex point F increases.In addition, the increase effect of the current value I f that causes with respect to descending by the speed of movable core, extend by driving time, the quantity of electric charge that discharges from capacitor till arriving flex point F increases, magnitude of voltage Vf among the flex point F reduces, the effect that reduces of current value I f increases thus, so the current value I f among the flex point B shows the tendency that reduces when common.In addition, also identical about other flex point, constantly, the value of electric current, voltage changes according to the contact consumption.

An example of the winding current waveform in the winding current waveform when Figure 36 has represented that the power switchgear under the common state disconnects, the power switchgear that reduced because of the deterioration capacity of capacitor.In this example, the electromagnetism winding is used for the discharge current of self-capacitance device and drives.If condenser capacity reduces, then the reduction of the condenser voltage that is caused to the discharge of winding by electric current is big when common, thereby the current value of each flex point reduces.In addition, the moment of each flex point is owing to mainly depend on movable core speed by spring force decision, and therefore the difference when common is few.

Like this, the moment, current value, the magnitude of voltage in each flex point reflects the state of the power switchgear in this moment.For example, the current value I b among the flex point B changes according to the change of each form factor of the friction force of contact consumption, moving part, capacitor deterioration, has such correlationship shown in (a)～(c) of Figure 37.But, in current value I b under the situation of reflection more than or equal to the influence of change of 2 form factors, only be difficult to separate and infer change more than or equal to 2 form factors from Ib.

(d)～(f) of Figure 37 represented the influence that the change of each form factor of the friction force by contact consumption, moving part, the capacitor deterioration of the current value I f among the flex point F produces.The variation tendency that the change by each form factor of current value I f among the flex point F produces is different with the variation of Ib, we can say that Ib and If have independently variation tendency for 3 form factors.Certainly, above-mentioned flex point B, amperometric determination value Ib, If among the F also change according to the friction force of contact consumption, moving part, the change of capacitor deterioration form factor in addition.

Generally, for N form factor, when having independently measured value such as M moment changing tendency, electric current, voltage when existence,, infer the variable quantity of N form factor if M 〉=N then can pass through to be similar to for 1 time numerical value.And then, exist aspect the correlativity of form factor and measured quantity under the situation of high correlations, need more independently measured value.

In addition, generally these measured values for the necessary sensitivity of the corresponding measured value of sensitivity that needs when the variable quantity of the computing mode factor, the mensuration precision of measured value must be equal to it or be littler than it.Yet, because by getting the mean value of a plurality of measured values, can improve the mensuration precision, therefore remove beyond the above-mentioned independent measured value, measure the good and dependent measured value of precision by adding, can improve form factor variable quantity infer precision.

Computing method as the variable quantity of form factor, the correlogram that measured value prepared in advance and form factor are arranged, from the measured value of reality, the method for the variation by the interpolation or the extrapolation computing mode factor perhaps is predetermined the method that directly derives the function of form factor from measured value.As the means of decision these correlograms (database) or function, the method for with good grounds measured data decision, according to the method for analyzing the emulation decision and the method for using both to decide.

Numerical value calculated form factor after, by comparing, can judge the unusual of power switchgear for these form factors with the boundary value that is predetermined.Be judged to be under the situation of abnormal state, the output abnormality signal can detect obstacle in advance.

In addition, these form factors change according to the temperature conditions of power switchgear sometimes.For example, general capacitor is along with temperature reduction capacity reduces, and winding reduces along with temperature reduces resistance value.For the released state factor like this change be owing to worsen or because the change of temperature, the serviceability temperature determination unit is measured temperature, the measured value of the variable quantity by revising form factor can be carried out inferring of more accurate form factor.

And then, if numerical value obtain the form factor of power switchgear, then can use the action of these form factors prediction power switchgears.The prediction of so-called action, it is the variable quantity of the form factor during from switch motion, predict driving parameters such as actuating speed in the closed action next time, closure time numerical value, perhaps, the variable quantity of the form factor during from closed action, driving parameters such as the actuating speed in the numerical value ground prediction disconnection action next time, trip time.

As the Forecasting Methodology of the driving parameters of power switchgear, the method for the correlogram that generates form factor and driving parameters is in advance arranged, perhaps, prepare the method that derives the function of driving parameters from form factor in advance.In addition, also have the moment, current value, magnitude of voltage and temperature measuring value, use the method for correlogram or function calculation driving parameters from flex point.

Example 18

In each above example example, from obtaining change information from the flex point on the output waveform of the determination unit of electric current or voltage.And the present application person has carried out the various result of experiment relevant with the state recognizing of equipment on a large scale one by one, found according to the moment from beginning excitation electromagnetism winding, as feature current value information or the magnitude of voltage information in the moment of the schedule time, also can obtain Useful Information aspect state recognizing through the later moment.In addition, as this feature constantly, be not limited to the above-mentioned excitation zero hour, the moment from the process schedule time in the moment that flex point exists that illustrated in the form example in front also can be used as object.

In this example 18, the method for inferring the assurance state from this feature change information constantly is described, perhaps how to set the timing constantly of this feature.

Among the Figure 33 that mentions in front, the point that has begun to pass through time T x from discharge as feature I constantly.At this moment, Tx is according to the change for specific form factor, and very cataclysm takes place for current value or magnitude of voltage, for other form factor, and very little such time interval that determines of the change of current value and magnitude of voltage.Figure 38 represents the winding voltage waveform for the consumption of (a) contact, (b) friction, (c) condenser capacity, (d) changing condition of the change of each form factor of voltage on capacitor.

For example, near Tx=0.035, for the change of 3 form factors of contact consumption, friction, charging voltage, the change of magnitude of voltage is little, and for the change of condenser capacity, the change of magnitude of voltage is big.In addition, the magnitude of voltage of the point of Tx=0 only is subjected to the influence of the change of charging voltage.If use the particular value of this feature in the moment, then can be from the variable quantity of the specific form factor of other form factor decouples computation.

Example as the concrete account form of time interval Tx has following mode.Under the situation that N form factor arranged, for the form factor R of one of them, the minimum value that form factor R is allowed is designated as Rmin, the maximal value that form factor is allowed is designated as Rmax, make form factor R from Rmin when Rmax changes, the minimum value of the value that magnitude of voltage V is obtained is designated as VRmin, and maximal value is designated as VRmax.In addition, for the form factor Ti beyond the form factor R (i=1 ..., N-1), minimum value, the maximal value of the magnitude of voltage of the value of each form factor when the minimum value that is allowed changes to maximal value are designated as VTi_min, during VTi_max, become following formula.

s1＝|VRmax-VRmin|

s2＝∑|VTi_max-VTi_min|

Can the predefined value of error A be big according to surveying and determination the s1 beguine, s2 asks as Tx than being redefined for less than the also little point of the value B of above-mentioned value A.Here, ask Tx, and also can obtain for current value for magnitude of voltage.

And then, can be s1＞A, s2＜B, and also s1 becomes maximum point and asks as Tx.

In addition, can also ask s1＞A, s2＜B, and also d=s2/s1 becomes minimum time T x.In addition, removing d becomes beyond the minimum point, can also select d to become minimum a plurality of Tx.In addition, as the account form of s1, s2, can become following formula.

s1＝(VRmax-VRmin) ²

s2＝∑(VTi_max-VTi_min) ²

In addition, as the account form of d, can become d=s2-s1.

In addition, as the range of choice of Tx, the time after the driving concluding time that adds electromagnetic operating device in the time of can beginning from the energising of winding current finishes as the driving of electromagnetic operating device.

In addition, in above-mentioned example, narrated as form factor and separated the method for the variation of form factor, and also can be used as the method use of the variation that separates a plurality of form factors and the variation of other a plurality of form factors from other.

For example, under the situation that N form factor arranged, N form factor be split up into N=M+L M form factor Ri (i=1 ..., M) and L form factor Tj (j=1, ..., L), minimum value, the maximal value of the magnitude of voltage when the minimum value that value allowed from each form factor is changed to maximal value are designated as VRi_max respectively, VRi_min, VTj_max during VTj_min, becomes following formula.

s1＝∑|VRi_max-VRi_min|

s2＝∑|VTj_max-VTj_min|

Can be big s1 ratio A, the point that s2 ratio B is little is asked as Tx.Here, obtain Tx, and also can obtain for current value for magnitude of voltage.

And then, can be s1＞A, s2＜B, and also s1 becomes maximum point and asks as Tx.

In addition, can also ask s1＞A, s2＜B, and also d=s2/s1 becomes minimum time T x.In addition, removing d becomes beyond the minimum point, can also select d to become minimum a plurality of Tx.In addition, as the account form of s1, s2, can become following formula.

s1＝∑(VRi_max-VRi_min) ²

s2＝∑(VTj_max-VTj_min) ²

In addition, as the account form of d, can become d=s2-s1.As the range of choice of Tx, the time after the driving concluding time that adds electromagnetic operating device in the time of can beginning from the energising of winding current finishes as the driving of electromagnetic operating device.

In the method, though can not infer the variable quantity of specific form factor from a magnitude of voltage or current value, yet by obtain by this method a plurality of features in ground in constantly voltage or the measured value of electric current combine the variable quantity of form factor that can be specific.In addition, the measured value that combines also can be used as the measured value in the above-mentioned flex point.

In addition, under the situation that N form factor arranged, N form factor be split up into N=M+L M form factor Ri (i=1 ..., M) and L form factor Ti (i=1 ..., L),

About form factor Ri (i=1 ..., M), with each form factor as a group, the maximal value of the voltage of the value that is included in the form factor in this group when the minimum value of each permission changes to the maximal value of each permission is designated as VRmin, and maximal value is designated as VRmax

About form factor Ti (i=1 ..., L), with each form factor as a group, the maximal value of the voltage of the value that is included in the form factor in this group when the minimum value of each permission changes to the maximal value of each permission is designated as VTmin, and maximal value is designated as VTmax, becomes following formula.

s1＝|VRmax-VRmin|

s2＝|VTmax-VTmin|

Also handlebar s1 ratio A is big, and the point that s2 ratio B is little is asked the method as Tx.Here, ask Tx, and also can obtain for current value for magnitude of voltage.

And then, can be s1＞A, s2＜B, and also s1 becomes maximum point and asks as Tx.

In addition, can also ask s1＞A, s2＜B, and also d=s2/s1 becomes minimum time T x.In addition, removing d becomes beyond the minimum point, can also select d to become minimum a plurality of Tx.

In addition, as the account form of s1, s2, also can become following formula.

s1＝(VRmax-VRmin) ²

s2＝(VTmax-VTmin) ²

In addition, the account form as d also can become d=s2-s1.As the range of choice of Tx, the time after the driving concluding time that adds electromagnetic operating device in the time of can beginning from the energising of winding current finishes as the driving of electromagnetic operating device.

In the method, though can not infer the variable quantity of specific form factor from a magnitude of voltage or current value, yet by a plurality of features of obtaining by this method in constantly voltage or the measured value of electric current combine, can infer the variable quantity of specific form factor.In addition, the measured value that combines also can be used as the measured value in the above-mentioned flex point.

About the group of a form factor, as make the value that is included in the form factor in this group from the minimum value of each permission to the method that maximal value changes, the mode of the value of continuously changing is arranged and with the method for the discontinuous variation of value of jumping.In addition, group about a form factor, the order that changes to maximal value as the minimum value that makes the value that is included in the form factor in this group from each permission, the order that each form factor is changed according to certain ratio is simultaneously arranged, perhaps at first make the value of the 1st form factor change to maximal value from minimum value, then make the 2nd form factor change to the order that maximal value sequentially changes so one by one from minimum value, perhaps, when in the group of a form factor, comprising M form factor, the minimum value that allows from each form factor is carried out k-1 to maximal value to be cut apart, for by cutting apart the value of k the form factor that obtains, check the order of all combinations of k value of each form factor in the group that is included in form factor.

In the method, though can not infer the variable quantity of specific form factor from a magnitude of voltage or current value, but, can infer the variable quantity of specific form factor by the voltage in a plurality of unique points of obtaining according to the group of different form factors or the certain combinations of values of electric current.In addition, by the measured value in other the feature moment or the flex point is combined, also can infer the variable quantity of specific form factor.

As mentioned above, state recognizing device of the present invention is arranged on has possessed fixed iron core, constitute the movable core that can move for this fixed iron core, by the driving power excitation, by movable core is moved, driving is connected in the electromagnetic operating device of electromagnetism winding of the equipment that is operated on the movable core, owing to possess the determination unit that is determined at electric current that flows through in the electromagnetism winding or the voltage that in the electromagnetism winding, takes place, ask search unit from the change information on the output waveform of this determination unit, according to the state of inferring the equipment of being operated or electromagnetic operating device from the change information of this search unit, therefore do not need to carry out the optics adjustment, and can be with cheapness, small-sized device is held the state that is operated equipment or electromagnetic operating device.

In addition, because its search unit possesses the flex point search unit of the flex point on output-time response that the time of the output valve that search expression obtains from determination unit changes, as change information, ask at least a information of temporal information, current value information or magnitude of voltage information in the flex point, therefore can obtain useful change information from the flex point on the output-time response.

In addition, because its flex point search unit comprises the function that can search for the position of other flex point according to predefined correction from the position of a flex point, therefore carry out the search of flex point easily.

In addition, because the time that its flex point search unit asks flex point to take place according to the time rate of change of output-time response, so can obtain the time that flex point takes place easily.

In addition, because its flex point search unit is adapted to output-time response in the polynomial curve of approximation,, therefore can obtain the time that flex point takes place easily according to the time that this curve of approximation asks flex point to take place.

In addition, its search unit is because as change information, at least one side on output-time response that the time of the output valve that is obtained by determination unit from expression changes, begin the moment and the residing moment of flex point of excitation by driving power, ask as through the feature in the moment after the schedule time in constantly current value information and at least a information of magnitude of voltage information, therefore can obtain useful change information constantly from the feature on the output-time response.

In addition, a plurality of form factors about the state variation that makes the equipment of being operated or electromagnetic operating device, by in each of predefined a plurality of groups of constituting more than or equal to a form factor, change the output-time response information that obtains according to the quantity of state that in preset range, makes the form factor that belongs to this group, this search unit since extract than with the corresponding output of the group of a form factor-time response information on, the value A that preestablished of error is big according to surveying and determination for the variation beguine of the output that is caused by the variation of the variable quantity of this form factor, and, with on other the corresponding output of the group-time response information of at least one form factor, the variation of the output that is caused by the variation of the variable quantity of this form factor is than being redefined for the also little time band less than the value B of above-mentioned value A, at this each time band that extracts, constantly select a moment at least as feature, therefore can obtain useful feature constantly.

And then, its electromagnetic operating device drives the travelling contact as the make and break contact of the power switchgear that is operated equipment, its search unit is owing to possess as contact and move the 1st flex point search unit that the start time asks the time that peaked the 1st flex point that occurs later from the current waveform of amperometric determination unit takes place, ask the flex point that after contact moves the start time, takes place as the contact mobile end time, be at least one side that current waveform becomes the 2nd flex point search unit of the time that the 2nd minimum flex point takes place, therefore do not need to carry out the optics adjustment, and can be with cheapness, small-sized device asks the contact of power switchgear to move start time or contact mobile end time.

In addition, because setting is measured the characteristic quantity assurance unit of the change of the characteristic quantity of asking power switchgear over time from least one side that contact moves start time and contact mobile end time, therefore do not need to carry out the optics adjustment, and can suitably hold the state of power switchgear with change cheap, that small-sized device is asked the various characteristics amount.

In addition, its electromagnetism winding is to disconnect using the electromagnetism winding, the 1st flex point search unit is at the 1st predetermined instant, move the start time as the 1st contact, asked when excitation the contact when disconnecting electricity consumption magnetic winding to move the start time, simultaneously, process along with the time, at the 2nd later predetermined instant of the 1st predetermined instant, move the start time as the 2nd contact, asked when excitation the contact when disconnecting electricity consumption magnetic winding to move the start time, characteristic quantity is held the unit and is moved the start time according to the 1st and the 2nd contact, ask the consumption of make and break contact as above-mentioned characteristic quantity, so do not need to carry out the optics adjustment, and can be with cheapness, small-sized device is asked the consumption of make and break contact.

In addition, its electromagnetism winding is to disconnect using the electromagnetism winding, the 2nd flex point search unit is at the 1st predetermined instant, as the 1st contact mobile end time, asked when excitation the contact mobile end time when disconnecting electricity consumption magnetic winding, simultaneously, process along with the time, at the 2nd later predetermined instant of the 1st predetermined instant,, asked when excitation the contact mobile end time when disconnecting electricity consumption magnetic winding as the 2nd contact mobile end time, characteristic quantity is held the unit according to the 1st and the 2nd contact mobile end time, ask the consumption of make and break contact as characteristic quantity, so do not need to carry out the optics adjustment, and can be with cheapness, small-sized device is asked the consumption of make and break contact.

In addition, its electromagnetism winding is to disconnect using the electromagnetism winding, possess the 1st flex point search unit and the 2nd flex point search unit, because at the 1st predetermined instant, the 1st flex point search unit moves the start time as the 1st contact and has asked when excitation the contact when disconnecting electricity consumption magnetic winding to move the start time, the 2nd flex point search unit is asked the contact mobile end time as the 1st contact mobile end time, process along with the time, at the 2nd later predetermined instant of the 1st predetermined instant, the 1st flex point search unit moves the start time as the 2nd contact and has asked when excitation the contact when disconnecting electricity consumption magnetic winding to move the start time, the 2nd flex point search unit is asked the contact mobile end time as the 2nd contact mobile end time, characteristic quantity is held the unit and is asked the 1st mistiming of moving the difference of start time as the 1st contact mobile end time and the 1st contact, simultaneously, ask the 2nd mistiming of moving the difference of start time as the 2nd contact mobile end time and the 2nd contact, according to the 1st and the 2nd mistiming, ask the consumption of make and break contact as characteristic quantity, therefore do not need to carry out the optics adjustment, and can be with cheapness, small-sized device is asked the consumption of make and break contact.

In addition, owing to possess the both sides of the 1st and the 2nd flex point search unit, characteristic quantity is held the unit and is moved start time and contact mobile end time according to contact, ask the traveling time of travelling contact as characteristic quantity, therefore do not need to carry out the optics adjustment, and can ask the traveling time of travelling contact with cheap, small-sized device.

And then, its electromagnetic operating device is the device of driving as the travelling contact of the make and break contact of the power switchgear that is operated equipment, because as the electromagnetism winding, possess by the disconnection that is stored in the electric charge excitation in the capacitor electromagnetism winding and the closed electromagnetism winding of using, its search unit possesses as contact and moves the start time, ask the 1st flex point search unit of the time that peaked the 1st flex point that occurs later from the current waveform of amperometric determination unit takes place, as the contact mobile end time, ask the flex point that after contact moves the start time, takes place, be at least one side that current waveform becomes the 2nd flex point search unit of the time that the 2nd minimum flex point takes place, possess according to contact and move at least one side in the temperature information of the charging voltage of at least one side in start time and contact mobile end time and capacitor and power switchgear, predict the closure time predicting unit of the closed concluding time when the excitation closure is with the electromagnetism winding next time, finish predicted time according to closure and control the closed timing control unit of using the timing of electromagnetism winding of excitation next time, therefore can prolong the life-span of make and break contact.

In addition, owing to possess the voltage that is determined at the electromagnetism winding when having flow through predetermined weak current in its electromagnetism winding, ask the winding resistance variation characteristic of electromagnetism winding from the current/voltage value, ask the closed unit of using the temperature information of electromagnetism winding according to this winding resistance variation characteristic, therefore special-purpose thermometer need not be set, can hold environment temperature at an easy rate.

In addition, owing in forming the iron core of magnetic circuit, Hall element is installed, possesses the change in voltage characteristic of measuring the Hall element under the magnetic flux certain condition, ask the closed unit of using the temperature information of electromagnetism winding according to this change in voltage characteristic, therefore special-purpose thermometer need not be set, can hold environment temperature at an easy rate.

In addition, the point that flex point and feature at least one side constantly extracts on output-time response later owing to the mobile end that is included in movable core therefore also can be as holding object about the later state of the mobile end of movable core.

In addition, because its search unit possesses electric current that flows through in the electromagnetism winding or the voltage derivative that takes place in the electromagnetism winding, zero cross detection unit at the zero cross point output pulse signal of its differential output, make and the temporal information that obtains flex point according to pulse signal therefore realize the reduction of computational load and the reduction of cost.

In addition, owing to possess according to current value information in constantly of the temporal information in the flex point, current value information, magnitude of voltage information and feature, at least a information of magnitude of voltage information, calculating is operated the arithmetic element of at least a variable quantity of quantity of state, driving parameters and the residual life of equipment or electromagnetic operating device, therefore flex point on the output-time response that obtains from determination unit by search and feature can be held the diversified state of the equipment of being operated or electromagnetic operating device constantly.

In addition,, therefore can detect the unusual of driving in advance, seek to prevent the misoperation of the equipment that is operated and electromagnetic operating device, improve reliability owing to possess the signal transmitting unit that when variable quantity variation has in time surpassed predetermined value, sends signal.

Utilizability on the industry

State of the present invention is held device and is not limited to the power switchgears such as vacuum circuit breaker device, can also Enough electromagnetic operating mechanisms that is useful in widely the brake apparatus that drives the middle uses such as elevator etc., tool Standby fixed iron core, for this fixed iron core constitute movably movable core, by by driving The power supply excitation moves movable core, drive be connected on the movable core by the electricity of operating equipment In the electromagnetic operating device of magnetic winding, do not use the optical unit of complexity, high price, can be easy, Hold by the state of operating equipment cheaply.

Claims (20)

1. state recognizing device, this device be arranged on possess fixed iron core, constitute with respect to this fixed iron core movably movable core, by above-mentioned movable core being moved drive in the electromagnetic operating device of electromagnetism winding of the equipment that is operated that is connected with above-mentioned movable core by driving with the power supply excitation, it is characterized in that comprising:

Determination unit is determined at electric current that flows through in the above-mentioned electromagnetism winding or the voltage that takes place in above-mentioned electromagnetism winding; With

Search unit is asked from the change information on the output waveform of this determination unit,

Wherein, according to infer the above-mentioned state that is operated equipment or electromagnetic operating device from the change information of this search unit.

2. state recognizing device according to claim 1 is characterized in that:

Above-mentioned search unit possesses:

Flex point on output-time response that the time of the output valve that flex point search unit, search expression obtain from the said determination unit changes,

As above-mentioned change information, ask at least a information of temporal information, current value information or the magnitude of voltage information of above-mentioned flex point.

3. state recognizing device according to claim 2 is characterized in that:

Above-mentioned flex point search unit comprises the function that can search for the position of other flex point from the position of a flex point according to predefined correction.

4. state recognizing device according to claim 2 is characterized in that:

The time that above-mentioned flex point search unit asks above-mentioned flex point to take place according to the time rate of change of above-mentioned output-time response.

5. state recognizing device according to claim 2 is characterized in that:

Above-mentioned flex point search unit is adapted to above-mentioned output-time response in the polynomial curve of approximation, asks the time of above-mentioned flex point generation according to this curve of approximation.

6. state recognizing device according to claim 1 is characterized in that:

Above-mentioned search unit is as above-mentioned change information, on output-time response that the time of the output valve that is obtained by the said determination unit from expression changes, begin the moment of excitation with power supply and at least one side in above-mentioned residing moment of flex point of claim 2, recording and narrating by above-mentioned driving, ask as the current value information constantly time the and at least a information of magnitude of voltage information through the feature in the moment after the schedule time.

7. state recognizing device according to claim 6 is characterized in that:

About making the above-mentioned a plurality of form factors that are operated the state variation of equipment or electromagnetic operating device, in each group of a plurality of groups that constitute by predefined more than one above-mentioned form factor, change the above-mentioned output-time response information that obtains according to the quantity of state that in preset range, makes the above-mentioned form factor that belongs to this group

Above-mentioned search unit extract with the corresponding above-mentioned output of the group of a form factor-time response information on, the variation of the output that caused by the variation of the variable quantity of this form factor is than big based on the predefined value A of error at measurment, and, with on the corresponding output of the group of other at least one form factor-time response information, the variation of the output that is caused by the variation of the variable quantity of this form factor is than being redefined for the also little time band less than the value B of above-mentioned value A, at this each time band that extracts, select a moment constantly at least as above-mentioned feature.

8. the state recognizing device of power switchgear according to claim 2 is characterized in that,

Above-mentioned electromagnetic operating device drives the travelling contact as the make and break contact of the above-mentioned power switchgear that is operated equipment, and possesses the amperometric determination unit that is determined at the electric current in the above-mentioned electromagnetism winding as the said determination unit,

Above-mentioned search unit possesses as contact and moves the 1st flex point search unit that the start time asks the time that peaked the 1st flex point that occurs later from the current waveform of above-mentioned amperometric determination unit takes place, asks the flex point that takes place as the contact mobile end time after above-mentioned contact moves the start time, and promptly above-mentioned current waveform becomes at least one side of the 2nd flex point search unit of the time that the 2nd minimum flex point takes place.

9. the state recognizing device of power switchgear according to claim 8 is characterized in that:

The characteristic quantity that at least one side who moves start time and above-mentioned contact mobile end time according to above-mentioned contact measures the change of the characteristic quantity of asking above-mentioned power switchgear over time is set holds the unit.

10. the state recognizing device of power switchgear according to claim 9 is characterized in that:

Above-mentioned electromagnetism winding is to disconnect using the electromagnetism winding, above-mentioned the 1st flex point search unit is at the 1st predetermined instant, move the start time as the 1st contact, above-mentioned contact when having asked when excitation above-mentioned disconnection with the electromagnetism winding moves the start time, simultaneously, process along with the time, at the 2nd later predetermined instant of above-mentioned the 1st predetermined instant, move the start time as the 2nd contact, above-mentioned contact when having asked when excitation above-mentioned disconnection with the electromagnetism winding moves the start time, above-mentioned characteristic quantity is held the unit and is moved the start time according to the above-mentioned the 1st and the 2nd contact, asks the consumption of above-mentioned make and break contact as above-mentioned characteristic quantity.

11. the state recognizing device of power switchgear according to claim 9 is characterized in that:

Above-mentioned electromagnetism winding is to disconnect using the electromagnetism winding, above-mentioned the 2nd flex point search unit is at the 1st predetermined instant, as the 1st contact mobile end time, the above-mentioned contact mobile end time when having asked when excitation above-mentioned disconnection with the electromagnetism winding, simultaneously, process along with the time, at the 2nd later predetermined instant of above-mentioned the 1st predetermined instant, as the 2nd contact mobile end time, the above-mentioned contact mobile end time when having asked when excitation above-mentioned disconnection with the electromagnetism winding, above-mentioned characteristic quantity is held the unit according to the above-mentioned the 1st and the 2nd contact mobile end time, asks the consumption of above-mentioned make and break contact as above-mentioned characteristic quantity.

12. the state recognizing device of power switchgear according to claim 9 is characterized in that:

Above-mentioned electromagnetism winding is to disconnect using the electromagnetism winding, possesses the both sides of above-mentioned the 1st flex point search unit and above-mentioned the 2nd flex point search unit,

At the 1st predetermined instant, above-mentioned contact when above-mentioned the 1st flex point search unit has been asked when excitation above-mentioned disconnection with the electromagnetism winding moves the start time and moves the start time as the 1st contact, above-mentioned the 2nd flex point search unit asks the above-mentioned contact mobile end time as the 1st contact mobile end time, process along with the time, at the 2nd later predetermined instant of above-mentioned the 1st predetermined instant, above-mentioned contact when above-mentioned the 1st flex point search unit has been asked when excitation above-mentioned disconnection with the electromagnetism winding moves the start time and moves the start time as the 2nd contact, above-mentioned the 2nd flex point search unit asks the above-mentioned contact mobile end time as the 2nd contact mobile end time

It was the 1st mistiming that above-mentioned characteristic quantity is held the difference of asking above-mentioned the 1st contact mobile end time and above-mentioned the 1st contact to move the start time in the unit, simultaneously, the difference of asking above-mentioned the 2nd contact mobile end time and above-mentioned the 2nd contact to move the start time was the 2nd mistiming, according to the above-mentioned the 1st and the 2nd mistiming, ask the consumption of above-mentioned make and break contact as above-mentioned characteristic quantity.

13. the state recognizing device of power switchgear according to claim 9 is characterized in that:

Possess the above-mentioned the 1st and the both sides of the 2nd flex point search unit, above-mentioned characteristic quantity is held the unit and is moved start time and above-mentioned contact mobile end time according to above-mentioned contact, asks the traveling time of above-mentioned travelling contact as above-mentioned characteristic quantity.

14. the switch controlling device of a power switchgear is characterized in that:

Above-mentioned electromagnetic operating device is the device that drives as the travelling contact of the make and break contact of the above-mentioned power switchgear that is operated equipment, as above-mentioned electromagnetism winding, possess by the disconnection that is stored in the electric charge excitation in the capacitor electromagnetism winding and the closed electromagnetism winding of using, as the said determination unit, possesses the amperometric determination unit that is determined at the electric current that flows through in the above-mentioned electromagnetism winding

Above-mentioned search unit possesses: move the start time as contact, ask the 1st flex point search unit of the time that peaked the 1st flex point that occurs later from the current waveform of above-mentioned amperometric determination unit takes place; As the contact mobile end time, ask the flex point that after above-mentioned contact moves the start time, takes place, promptly current waveform becomes at least one of the 2nd flex point search unit of the time that the 2nd minimum flex point takes place,

Possess: move at least one in the temperature information of the charging voltage of at least one and above-mentioned capacitor in start time and above-mentioned contact mobile end time and above-mentioned power switchgear according to above-mentioned contact, predict the closure time predicting unit of above-mentioned closed closed concluding time during with the electromagnetism winding of excitation next time; Control the above-mentioned closed timing control unit of using the timing of electromagnetism winding of excitation next time according to the above-mentioned closed predicted time that finishes.

15. the switch controlling device of power switchgear according to claim 14 is characterized in that:

Possesses the voltage that is determined at the above-mentioned electromagnetism winding when flowing through predetermined weak current in the above-mentioned electromagnetism winding, according to above-mentioned current/voltage value, ask the winding resistance variation characteristic of above-mentioned electromagnetism winding, ask the above-mentioned closed unit of using the temperature information of electromagnetism winding according to above-mentioned winding resistance variation characteristic.

16. the switch controlling device of power switchgear according to claim 14 is characterized in that:

In the above-mentioned iron core that forms magnetic circuit, Hall element is installed, is possessed the change in voltage characteristic of measuring the above-mentioned Hall element under the certain condition of magnetic flux, ask the above-mentioned closed unit of using the temperature information of electromagnetism winding according to above-mentioned change in voltage characteristic.

17. a state recognizing device is characterized in that:

The described above-mentioned feature of claim 2 or 3 described above-mentioned flex points and claim 6 at least one side constantly comprise: after the mobile end of above-mentioned movable core, and the point that on above-mentioned output-time response, extracts.

18. state recognizing device according to claim 2 is characterized in that:

Above-mentioned search unit possesses an electric current that flows through in above-mentioned electromagnetism winding or the voltage that takes place in above-mentioned electromagnetism winding carries out differential, at the zero cross point detecting unit of the zero cross point output pulse signal of its differential output, make the temporal information that obtains flex point according to above-mentioned pulse signal.

19. a state recognizing device is characterized in that comprising:

Arithmetic element, according to the current value information of the described feature of temporal information, current value information, magnitude of voltage information and claim 6 in claim 2 or the 3 described above-mentioned flex points in constantly, at least a information of magnitude of voltage information, calculate the above-mentioned at least a variable quantity that is operated quantity of state, driving parameters and the residual life of equipment or electromagnetic operating device.

20. state recognizing device according to claim 19 is characterized in that possessing:

Signal transmitting unit sends signal when above-mentioned variable quantity variation has in time surpassed predetermined value.

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