CN1946836A

CN1946836A - Methodology and apparatus for the detection of biological substances

Info

Publication number: CN1946836A
Application number: CNA2004800383747A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 维拉迪斯拉维·A·奥雷尼克
Original assignee: BioWarn LLC
Current assignee: BioWarn LLC
Priority date: 2003-11-20
Filing date: 2004-11-19
Publication date: 2007-04-11

Abstract

A methodology and an apparatus for the detection of biological substances employing the integration of multiple functions and units designed into and implemented in the form of an individual silicon ship, described as a sensor unit. The deployment of a set of sensor units as a group results in a distributed detecting, discriminating, and alerting network. Distribution of the sensor units facilitates the on-the-spot detection of different biological substances such as viruses, bacteria, spores, allergens, and other toxins that can be suspended in multiple media (air, liquid, blood, etc.). Besides detection/sensing, the individual sensor units perform: data acquisition, data development, data storage, statistical analysis, and data transmission. A set of sensor units deployed in proximity to each ot6her can be designated as a group and act as a distributed sensing network with consistent and reliable data flow to a router and further to a central computer for extended data synthesis, analysis, and decision support. The group deployment facilitates achieving enhanced security and wider sensing capability.

Description

The method and apparatus that biological substance detects

Technical field

The present invention relates to a kind of to various the biological substances for example microsensor and the sensor groups of virus, bacterium, spore, anaphylactogen and other toxin sensitivities, and a kind of system that is used for analyte sensors output.

Background technology

Unfortunately, in recent years, the public has witnessed the terrorism in U.S.'s periphery and world's elsewhere increase degree.Though the attack in September 11 calendar year 2001 is being huge aspect scale and the destruction, the public has recognized the attack of various other types, and for example more other attack of microscopic level may take place.The mail that is loaded with anthrax has only been strengthened the worry that various biological substances may use in destructive mode to our various civil servants' mailing.

Therefore, it is extremely important using a kind of sensing system that the early warning to this biological warfare possibility is provided.

Summary of the invention

With prevent that biological warfare is extensive use of relevant problem and is solved by the present invention, its utilize control oneself, millimeter level sensing and communications platform be as having the overall distribution formula sensor network that flexible network layer and private data flow.Each sensor unit of chip form is with the size design and the manufacturing of a sand, and comprises transmitter, processor unit, storer, two-way wireless communication and internal electric source.Each sensor unit is by the self-holding microprocessor control of digital signal processor (DSP) form.This DSP had both controlled being carried out by sensor chip of task, again between the various assemblies of system or be various assemblies preservation energy, the power management of system.Periodically, DSP receives reading from providing the sensor unit that is included in the one or more transmitters on the chip, handles the data that receive from transmitter, and the result is stored in its storer.It also activates to pseudorandom optics, acoustics and/or radio frequency (RF) transceiver that is provided on each sensor unit and attempts to monitor the communication of coming in.This communication may comprise from and to other sensor units, perhaps from and to new procedure, data or the message of the base station router of a plurality of sensor units operations of control.Response message or when message initiated, DSP will use RF transceiver, space link transmitter (field operation station) or laser apparatus to send sensing data or message to router, another sensor unit or junction centre.Router also will be communicated by letter and be pointed to or from junction centre.In order to solve for example detection of virus, bacterium, anaphylactogen, mould, protein and toxin (collectively " target ") of biological substance not of the same race, the present invention includes the two class transmitters that have diverse sensing and obtain information mode.

These transmitters of the first kind are based on acoustics and can reuse and do not degenerate.This transmitter depends on technology of acoustic wave on function.The Sensor section of sensor unit is configured to the subminiature grid (network) on silica-based, and has its resonant frequency.In order to obtain resonance reading more accurately, other elements for example sapphire, quartz or germanium oxide silicon (GSO) crystal or beryllium oxide silicon (BSO) crystal can use.The surface of sensor unit is relatively little, approximately 1mm ²Working-surface.For obtain at target than large sensor sensitivity and selectivity, the both sides of sensor unit pedestal are by electrostatic charging.Based on the sensor unit of acoustics with three kinds of main pattern operation-collection data, take off data and cleaning sensor unit.During collection mode, the target proximity transducer.The static that is applied to each sensor unit surface adheres to the sensor unit surface with target towards the sensor surface drawing and because of molecular adhesion.After the time increment that the timer that provides in by DSP is determined, sensor unit will switch to measurement pattern.Carve at this moment, static will cut off and sensor surface will begin with HF oscillation condition resonance.If there is not target to be attached to the sensor unit surface, the surface will be with first frequency resonance.Under the situation that specific objective exists, sensor surface will be to be not equal to the second frequency resonance of first frequency.The power of this vibration and frequency will be the functions of target particles physical properties.Vibration will cause target particles to leave sensor surface, cause the generation of pulse.The acoustic characteristics of pulse will by DSP analyze and be included in the DSP storer in data in the database that provides compare.If find any matching property, this information will be relayed junction centre, and it may send alarm.During cleaning mode, sensor surface will apply when will go the utmost point and strong pulse with the 3rd frequency by static and cleans.After cleaning, all patterns can repeat as required.

Sensor unit will be calibrated to the known target feature.If air has the target advantage (quality, sticking coefficient, shape factor etc.) that shows identical or similar characteristics, triggering is provided the alarm of particulate microbiological property.This alarm will be based on the communication between the sensor unit self, communicating by letter between router and the sensor unit, and the communication between sensor unit, router and the centring system and producing.

Each sensor unit will be by the silicon wafer on sapphire, quartz, BSO or the GSO crystal base substrate, for example current be used for the microchip manufacturing those make.All sharp sides will be used for producing and stored energy.

These transmitters of second type will be based on biological transmitter, and it is divided into two classes: biological pore transmitter and based on the optical transmitter.The subminiature pond that biological pore transmitter is made up of the pore that comprises material (dentate) in the gelinite preferably or other materials, and fax sense technology.These biological pores comprise the dentate that is arranged in the gelinite on the electrode, and it is with the existence of a simple molecules of based target and react.During reaction, biological pore will produce electrical feature pulse and static, will trigger alarm if it exists analyzed and specific objective.This analysis will comprise pulse of comparison electrical feature and a plurality of electrical feature pulses that are stored in the DSP storer.This technology will need to prove the biological data collection of the reaction dentate of each target.These data will be used for selecting the gelinite material into biological pore.In every other method, comprise data gathering, data processing and data corresponding, operation realizes identical to any target.

Transmitter based on Photobiology will have a lot of something in commons with biological pore transmitter.The main difference of their designs is photosensitive micro-system integrated photon burst sequence with detection and Identification generation when target and dentate interact.These photon bursts will be the forms of optical characteristics pulse, compare with a plurality of optical characteristics pulsion phases that are stored in the DSP storer.

Description of drawings

Aforementioned general description of the present invention will be from below with reference to understanding the detailed description of the preferred embodiment of the invention of accompanying drawing, below it comprises better:

Figure 1A is based on the figure of the sensing unit of acoustics;

Figure 1B is the figure based on the sensing unit of acoustics that is in Figure 1A in the collection mode;

Fig. 1 C is the figure based on the sensing unit of acoustics that is in Figure 1A in the analytical model;

Fig. 1 D is the figure based on the sensing unit of acoustics that is in Figure 1A in the cleaning mode;

Fig. 1 E is two figure based on the sensing unit of acoustics, and each is in the different operator schemes;

Fig. 2 is the figure of biological pore transmitter;

Fig. 3 is used for the biological pore sensing unit that reacts between sensing dentate and the intended target and the figure of field-effect transistor (FET);

Fig. 4 shows that dentate is included in the FET of the Fig. 3 in the gelinite;

Fig. 5 shows the alternative embodiment of biological pore sensing unit shown in Fig. 3 and 4 and FET;

Fig. 6 explanation provides the biological pore sensing unit and the FET of two electrodes;

Fig. 7 explanation has the biological pore sensing unit of a plurality of nanotubes and the alternative embodiment of FET;

Fig. 8 shows the top view of biological pore transmitter;

Fig. 9 is the side-view of biological pore transmitter shown in Fig. 8;

Figure 10 explanation is based on the sensing unit of Photobiology;

Figure 11 explanation is according to typical DSP of the present invention; And

Figure 12 explanation is according to system of the present invention.

Embodiment

Will be as each chip of sensor unit by silicon wafer or the analogous material on sapphire, quartz, BSO or the GSO crystal base substrate, for example current be used for the microchip manufacturing those make.All sharp sides of sensor unit (except biological pore) will be used for producing and stored energy.Integrated sensor unit will be as overall distribution formula sensor network in operation.This network will be as monolithic cell, the in fact three-dimensional sensing in real time that provides biological substance to exist.For example, some clusters of sensor unit can form the synchronization group of carrying out with same duty cycle, thereby increase the sensitivity and the reliability of system, and form for example spaced antenna of particular feature.The present invention is applicable to customization, and is applicable to different operative configuration easily.For example, the unit cluster may be arranged with monitoring and have the electrostatic air pump, and it will move up a certain party may comprise the air of target.This will increase transducer sensitivity, because target particles will be brought into proximity transducer unit more.This system shows the classify reliable ability of all targets of static of using.The present invention utilizes all saturated in air target particles can be not comparably and the fact of static electric charge polar reaction.The sensor unit group will change polarity together, produce the other information about target distribution in the air, and for example how the air in the ventilation system moves.This will form the basis that target property is mapped to the relational database of atmospheric condition.

With reference to the accompanying drawings, Figure 1A explanation has the transmitter 1 based on acoustics of sensor unit 2, and it comprises a plurality of micro-resonators 3 on the sensor unit surface, thereby forms the vibration net.Figure 1B, collection mode shown in 1C and 1D explanation Figure 1B, shown in analytical model shown in Fig. 1 C and Fig. 1 D in the cleaning mode based on the operation of the transmitter 1 of acoustics.Be suitable for being applied to product surface based on the every other transmitter of describing among the transmitter of acoustics and the present invention, for example medical facilities, clothes or food perhaps are suitable for airborne transmission.No matter based on the transmitter of acoustics or adhere to object based on biological transmitter and still drift about in air, purpose is to detect in the multiple biological substance of will be deleterious to the mankind and/or animal, being expressed as " target " 24 one or more existence.These targets 24 usually will be with various other floating matters for example protein string 5 and dust granule 6 airborne transmissions.Transmitter 1 based on acoustics will be characterized by the sensor unit 2 with

various particles

5,6 and 24 surfaces thereon.Surface cell will be connected to the DC current source 7 with battery 8.Two

switch

9a, 9b will be parallel to power supply.Therefore, in the collection mode shown in Figure 1B, electricity will be applied to the surface of sensor unit 2, allow sensor unit to vibrate with first frequency.Switch will be in the position shown in Figure 1B applying the surface of first current level to sensor unit, thereby allow sensor unit with this first frequency and oscillation of power.As by being connected to shown in unit of airborne transmission as shown in Figure 1B 5,6 and 24 each the arrows, these airborne transmission unit are with the surface of drawing to sensor unit.

In case these

particles

5,6 and 24 become and adhere to or remain on the sensor unit surface 2, switch 9a moves to the position shown in the analytical model shown in Fig. 1 C, thereby the surface of power supply from sensor unit removed.At this moment, the DEP driven particle capture that comprises target particles 24 will begin with the second frequency vibration, and this frequency is different from the frequency that the surface of sensor unit vibrates in Figure 1B.The DSP resonant frequency that sensing is specific that comprises two-way wireless communication, internal electric source and storer.This frequency will with the storer that is stored in DSP in, the frequency that shows specific objective compares.If reach coupling between the oscillation frequency of storing in the storer of the oscillation frequency of one or more targets and DSP, this coupling will write down and be stored in the storer of DSP.At that time, perhaps subsequently, this information will use the specific communications ability of transmitter to send to adjacent sensors, to one or more routers, perhaps arrive junction centre, wherein the decision that exists about the poisonous biological substance that shows the bioterrorism attack will produce suitable alarm then.

In case analytical procedure is finished as shown in Fig. 1 C, the surface of sensor unit 2 will be cleaned to position shown in Fig. 1 D by moving switch 9b.In this, the surface of sensor unit will be with the 3rd hunting of frequency, thereby discharge all

airborne transmission materials

5,6 and 24 from the surface of sensor unit, shown in the arrow that comprises among Fig. 1 D.

Fig. 1 E shows and to be in for example two adjacent sensors unit in cleaning stage or the collection phase of different steps.Collection phase is by the sensor unit explanation on the left side, and cleaning stage is by the sensor unit explanation on the right.To cause the comprising of cleaning stage shown in Fig. 1 D allowing repeated use based on the sensor unit of acoustics.

Fig. 2 shows typically and to comprise dentate 22 and biological target substance 24 based on biological sensor unit.In addition, optional biological amplifying unit 20 can append to the non-sensing surface of dentate 22.Dentate 22 is and the lewis' acid of another molecular reaction with the formation synthetics.Target 24 is specifically by dentate bonded molecule.Every kind of dentate is operated with specific objective, wherein exists many possible dentate/targets right.Target may be for example protein, glycoprotein, saccharides or lipoid of individual molecule.Target also may be for example bacterium or its spore, virus, fungi, a mould or yeast of organism.Dentate 22 combines with high-affinity and depth of indexing specificity with target 24.The example that dentate/target is right is antibody and the antibody any macromole with respect to its generation, cell receptor and any material that distinguishingly combines and activate this receptor, the perhaps for example homo agglutinin on the influenza virus and the antibody or the molecule (for example sialic acid in the influenza example) of mating surface feature of the surface characteristic on the microorganism.One type of dentate is important to note only only himself being attached to fully target.Dentate with it not fully the interaction of bonded target will cause at most instantaneous only parts to combine.

Interaction between dentate and its target is produced by intermolecular attraction, comprises the rearrangement of water molecules in complementary structure, electric charge, polarity, model ylid bloom action and the surrounding environment.These gravitation be cooperation and along with target and dentate are approaching and accumulate.Each target/dentate interacts and has specific kinetics and thermodynamic characteristics, and it can characterize and be quantified as:

The equilibrium constant is derived from the relation of opening and close constant:

K _eq＝k _on/k _off (2)

K _EqBy Δ G=Δ G ^o+ RT ln K _EqAnd relevant with free energy when balance Δ G=0, so:

ΔG＝-RT?ln?K _eq

For K _Eq=1, Δ G ^o=0

For K _Eq=10, Δ G ^o=-1.4Kcal/mole

For K _Eq=10 ⁵, Δ G ^o=-7Kcal/mole (3)

R=universal gas constant wherein

T=temperature (Kelvin's thermodynamic scale)

The interactional K of avidin-vitamin H _EqBe approximately 10 ¹⁵M ^-1, and be approximately 10 for the antigen-antibody interaction of " typical case " ¹²Therefore, the energy that discharges from one mole of avidin-vitamin H interacts is approximately 21Kcal/mole, and is approximately 16Kcal/mole for Ag-Ab.Exergonic unique pattern is the function of the right interaction characteristic of each dentate/target.

Biological pore sensor unit shown in Fig. 2 is based on usually but might not be embedded in the subminiature pore and the fax sense technology of the dentate in the aqueous gel on the sensor unit surface, and accumulation is called biological pore.Each biological pore is filled with the one or more dentates in the gelinite, and will the existence of an individual molecule of the specific objective of this dentate be reacted.During reaction, the reaction between dentate and the specific target molecules will produce electricimpulse feature and static, if it is with analyzed and suitably target existence triggering alarm.This technology will need to describe the biological data collection by the right electrostatic feature that combination produced of each dentate/target.These data will be used for resolution target.In every other method, comprise data gathering, data processing and data corresponding, all realizations and other dentate/targets are to identical.

Material disclosed herein and method provide the effective ways of the batch process of unified precise and tiny manufacturing cell.In order to customize the unitary use to interested specific objective (hepatitis C, Salmonellas, anthrax etc.), biological pore will comprise suitable and unique reaction dentate.More particularly, each sensor unit of the present invention comprises signal conversion element, transmodulator, response element and dentate (shown in Fig. 2).Based on the sensor type that uses, change-over circuit will comprise the electronics sensitive circuit, based on the photosensitive circuit, and based on the circuit of sound sensitive, and the testing circuit of specific inductivity sensitivity.Depend on application, the particular organisms amplifier element can use.Signal conversion element comprises active part and signal transformation territory.Specific dentate part is specifically discerned selected target.The sensing unit that uses in the mode of dentate shown in Fig. 2 comprises the software and hardware of monitoring and detecting specific objective.Depend on the sensor change-over circuit, biological amplification or equipment 20 may use or not use.For example, in some cases, when handling extremely low-yield dentate/target and interact, the sensing member with the amplifier 20 that comprises photosensor for example enzyme fluorescence or chemoluminescence produces and can use.In this case, after by sensing element senses, electricimpulse will convert photon stream to, and it will be detected by light-sensitive detector.

Fig. 3 represents that sensing grid 32 are as the field electron transistor (FET) 30 of waiting for the metering facility that gelinite and dentate 31 molecules are integrated.Dentate 31 is positioned on the grid 32 or as much as possible near grid 32, makes any dentate/target interact and will produce from source region 34 by the electric current of grid 32 to drain region 36.FET is provided at at semiconductor-based the end 38.One deck insulating material 39 is provided at grid 32, in source 34 and the leakage 36.This FET structure will realize in several modes of discussing.The FET structure can be taked the form of small-sized hypersensitization field-effect transistor (ESFET).

Fig. 4 describes gelinite 33 and is included in FET 30 in the design.The gelinite that uses should show and keep wet, and has optical sensibility and allows target to be attached to the character of dentate by gelinite.There is several placement dentates method near gate region in operation.For example, the surface of grid 32 can be coated with aminosilane.Dentate is via various linking agents, two succinimido suberates for example, and hydroxyl two succinimido suberates etc. are connected to amino.Linking agent can be selected at the selected functional group on the dentate to realize the orientation of expectation.

Fig. 5 describes the alternative embodiment of FET method.This FET 40 comprises that source region 46 and drain region 44 provide at the bottom of thereon the silicone base 48.Grid 50 are provided on the isolator 42.

Many dentates

52,54,56,58 and 60 are associated with FET 40.These dentates are used the DC field that is produced by DC current source 62 and electrode 64 and are caught.Set up the same with FET shown in Fig. 4, gel like 66 will be included in the design.This orientation of being convenient to sensing member is to provide best sensing ability.

Fig. 6 is depicted in gelinite 90 and introduces the alternative approach FET 70 of being convenient to the directed

dentate

72,74,76,78 of static and 80 before.Except directed dentate, comprise DC current source 92, near the two electrodes structure of the lower electrode 96 top electrode 94 and the gate region 98 will be convenient to dentate mobile to gate region 98, and they are connected to the lower electrode 96 in the gate region scope the most at last.Sensor unit comprises silicon base 82, source region 84 and drain region 86 and one deck insulating material 88.Lower electrode 96 will dissolve then fully, allow the FET normal running.As selection, lower electrode will only be partly dissolved, and be convenient to the bias voltage recuperability.

Fig. 7 describes to comprise the senior FET transmitter 100 that is positioned at the one or more catalyzer island 120 on the grid 122 scope FET gate electrodes 110.The catalyzer island can growing nano-tube 114,116,118.FET 100 comprises at the bottom of the silicone base 102, drain region 104, source region 106 and insulating coating 108.Catalyzer island 120 comprises the chemical ingredients of the substrate that forms growing nano-tube.Nanotube is typically grown with promiscuous mode.Quantity that they are final and volume are managed by period and temperature.The responsiveness of time and temperature is depended on the composition of catalyzer.Usually, a plurality of nanotubes of will growing.The character that the surface of nanotube can use alternative approach to revise them customizes.Modification can use chemical solution etching nanotube surface to realize.As selection, nanotube can scribble chemicals.Basic structure of the present invention will comprise uses conduction or semiconductive material coating nanometer pipe.Then use gelinite.This greatly increases the surface area of target detect and does not increase the linear surface of detector.In operation, after dentate/target interacts, signal will pass the grid that nanotube surface arrives FET.Because the grid indirect contact of nanotube and FET, and dentate will be attached to the surface of nanotube wall, more dentate will be indirectly with metering facility just gate region contact.Operation continues as described previously then.

Fig. 8 represents that a kind of of biological pore transmitter 130 may realize.In this case, pore 132 has been created on the silicone chip surface.In biological pore, nanotube 134,136,138 extend between two

electrodes

140 and 142 usually.The all surface of nanotube will cover (cement or plaque) with metal.The result is the closely spaced electrode net.Pore is filled with the many dentates unit that is connected to nanotube.When contacting between dentate and the target realized, electrode 140,142 be propagated and be arrived to signal will in that nanotube is online.Electrode is connected to registration circuit (not showing).

Fig. 9 describes the multidimensional skeleton view of electrode 140,142 and the relative position of nanotube in the side-view of biological pore 132 and the pore.The multiple structure that has the various assemblies that constitute biological pore.Optimum structure is the function that plan is adopted.These structures will not limited by material availability.Show that available materials keeps their film to form character, even comprise about 25% of material weight nearly when non-latex water soluble component (polysaccharide is agarose for example, or synthetic polymer for protein for example, enzyme).This alleviates and is used for the relevant important consideration of precise and tiny manufacturing process that biosensor is produced; The film of setting up is attached to planar substrate effectively, even under the situation that heavy addition agent (for example enzyme) exists.The particle latex material has been used for fixing all kinds of biological active materials routinely.Therefore, biosensor unit of the present invention provides a kind of flexible conventional system that goes for discerning any selected biological substance.

Transmitter based on Photobiology shows in Figure 10.It is based on by comprising dentate 154,156, and 158 and the biological pore of subminiature formed of the pore of the gelinite 152 of light-sensitive detector 160.During target and dentate interaction, photon burst sequence or feature will produce and be detected by the photosensitive micro-system that comprises detector 160.Micro-system will make up based on avalanche diode type, charge-coupled device (CCD) or other photosensitive technology.When detecting, the data of New Observer will be with previous about carrying out based on acoustics and the non-mode of describing based on the optical biosensor with the comparative analysis that is stored in the data in the DSP storer.

Optical technology is successfully used in sensor field, monitors reaction by measuring absorption, fluorescence, scattering and change of refractive.Especially, for the transmitter based on Photobiology, one deck of experience optical change is integrated on the equipment surface, makes the evanescent field of light penetrate sensing layer.Monoclonal antibody can be used as sensing layer, has the high depth of indexing specificity to objective definition, changes the sensing layer composition then.Thereby influence the optical property of evanescent field equipment in any reaction that sensing layer takes place.

Should will use the interaction energy conversion of fluorescence based on the transmitter of Photobiology, detect the light that sends after interacting.Gelinite in this detector and dentate will be located based on the description of following accompanying

drawing

5 and 6.

As previously described, each of all kinds sensor unit will provide DSP 170 as shown in Figure 11.

The special-purpose I/O passage 202 that each sensor unit has the primary storage electrical condenser that is used for initially powering on, charge, programming and carries out test procedure.Connection to this passage will carried out on specific equipment during the initial test routine.The I/O passage allows each from sensor unit, and biological example pore or Photobiology transmitter 172 and acoustic sensor are by the communication of communication controller 204 to CPU 176.Each unit has three other passages: comprise closely (NR) communication port of acoustic antennas 208, comprise radio frequency (RF) passage of RF antenna 206; And the optical channel that comprises optical antenna 210.The NR communication port has ultrasound transmitter device/receptor.This communication port allows each sensor unit to communicate by letter with near sensor unit.In other words, sensor unit begins sensing each other, exchange data packets, even transfer information data bag, and adjust the various operator schemes of using by sensor unit based on acoustics.

The RF passage estimates to be used for medium distance communication and cluster definition.This passage is very fast and can transmit more information in the section in preset time.In some environment, this passage can be used for communicating by letter between sensor unit, therefore, can expect to comprise that the RF treater comes the data stream between the management of sensor unit.

Optical channel mainly estimate with router or with big cluster to trunking communication and during the long haul communication of junction centre partly, perhaps in some environment, replace main RF passage fully.If experience RF spectral contamination, this passage becomes communication media with the NR passage.

Based on sensor unit, router and comprise distance between the junction centre of computer, every kind of above-mentioned mode of connection can be used for diffusing information between sensor unit, router and central station computer.

Can not change storer read-only storage (ROM) or EEPROM 190 is provided among the DSP and comprises programmed logic matrix (PLM) and pilot circuit.The main application of storer is to preserve all operations program and instruction.In addition, storer will be preserved some sample characteristic patterns of many targets.These characteristic patterns can be repaired at the type of use sensor unit, perhaps can comprise all possible characteristic pattern, and no matter sensor unit.

Random-access memory (ram) 188 is also included among the DSP.RAM 188 is used for preserving variable, the data of obtaining, ephemeral data, temporary variable and other various data.

The flash memory (not shown) is provided among the DSP.It is divided into functional group and comprises: storehouse and stack pointer, variable and current state, other program file, and data file.These storeies mainly are used for the built-in function of DSP by ALU (ALU) 182.ALU 182 can use with feature that compares and measures and the feature that is included among the EEPROM 190 with EEPROM 190 and RAM 188.

Some possible interrupt sources that provide in DSP are provided sensor unit.These interrupt sources comprise WatchDog Timer 194, wake up to change 196, and real-time clock, various counters be time counter 198 and programmable counter 186 for example, and overflow interruption 196.Each generation distinctive signal of above-mentioned incident is with the interrupt routine flow process and switch to particular concern function separately.If indeterminable DSP situation or any other incident cause uncertain situation, WatchDog Timer 194 is the first layer protection.This should take place the most continually, and capacity of power will not allow it to carry out all functions simultaneously if treater is flooded by different task.Can imagine that DSP may become and be absorbed in the infinite loop, and without any normal way rescue self.In this case, WatchDog Timer 194 will produce high level interrupt and stop circulation and restart DSP.Transmitter and I/O passage produce to wake up to change and interrupt, even during the power saving sleep pattern, to allow DSP from energy saver mode, to wake up and to present the overall operations pattern.If the corresponding sign in the special purpose function register enables, overflow and interrupt taking place.Real-time clock is the main source of time lock.This interrupts allowing to use DSP, the execution of the sequential operation of its peripheral hardware.

Sensor unit is included in work register 184 and any register file are for example carried out the arithmetic sum Boolean function between the data in the order register 192 4 or 8 general ALU 182.

Register file is divided into two functional group, comprises special purpose function register and general purpose register.The special purpose function register uses operation with operating device by DSP and peripheral assembly.The special purpose function register comprises work register, timer register, programmable counter 186 and I/O register.In addition, the special purpose function register is used for controlling the I/O port arrangement.General purpose register is used for data and the control information under the designated command.

The function of grand access controller (MAC) will be carried out by DSP.This will save the space on power supply and the crystal, to optimize sequential and to avoid communication delay.

Bus 200 is included among the CPU 176 allowing data to assembly with from the transmission of assembly, and with the communicating by letter of I/O passage 202.

The RF treater of communicating by letter with DSP provides synchronously and asynchronous communication model for each sensor unit.The RF treater receives the RF synchronizing sequence, determines required action, regulates to receive and send parameter, and receives and send data.The RF treater is also optimized power and is obtained program.

At first for energy-conservation, all RF interlock circuits design on the basis based on resonance thought, and closely are included on the chip.Current design comprises compatible or half compatible spectroscopic and the frequency needs according to IEEE 802.1xx standard, and it will allow the use of existing communication ability.With the other advantage that exists given range of frequency internal power to obtain.

All signals amplify to receive and to send the necessary minimal level of signal to be carried out.Because there is strict Power Limitation, we suppose that all data transmission comprise some data degradations.All data are proofreaied and correct and will be finished in DSP and software thereof.Therefore, power saving is the foundation stone of all operations and design.

Antenna field on each unit is symmetric and occupies all available spaces on the chip surface.Similarly, antenna is supposed the function of shielding of all inner subelements.The size of antenna and geometrical shape thereof are sensitivity and other functions of transmission power level of frequency spectrum, proposition.Therefore transmission power level will not need thick antenna metal level in the microwatt scope.Thickness is desirably in 5～10nm scope.The recent development of surface etch shows the hope of using the stacked antenna wiring, and this will increase the antenna surface manyfold.Transfer equipment will be convenient to low power, low-loss CMOS type serial switch is realized extremely low energy waste.Consider the low power that conversion is required, power demand is optimized (minimizing) by quick transfer capability.Even the independent component of same antenna device will comprise the switch that is used for the multistage conversion.This allows the total antenna capacitance and the optimization of specific inductivity, causes transmission and realizes that high quality resonance receives.Cumulatively, this causes power saving.

As previous indication, information between sensor unit and the one or more router unit, and is communicated by letter between centring system computer and router and the centring system computer between each sensor unit.In communication cycle, each data packet will comprise preamble, data and feature.If it is designated that bag does not have, it points to the centring system computer.If sending, the centring system computer do not confirm that the centring system computer will be attempted sending this bag via near sensor unit in determining time range.In this case, send the specified sign that the ending of wrapping will have chain type communication.This sign will trigger near any sensor unit and receive this bag, exist side by side and promptly use identical specified sign to send once more.Like this, the centring system computer will receive bag from other sensor units by a plurality of paths, perhaps many times.After receiving first bag, if there be not wrong the existence, the centring system computer will use the specific information that success receives about which bag to form and send respond packet.This will interrupt the every other transmission of same bag.All unit will switch to normal manipulation mode then.

For long haul communication, each sensor unit can with any and all the sensors unit communication.During the initial handshake process, sensor unit is synchronous and can produce and send data packet simultaneously, forms the phased antenna field on carrier frequency.During transmission course, when data were obtained by a sensor unit, all the sensors unit will be related in the group.Before transmission, all members of group are with designated unique group number.After transmission, the first module of group will form data packet, comprise preamble, data and feature.Then, each sensor unit provides packet encryption and increases and specifies descriptor.Sensor chip sends to other sensor chips with these bags.When other sensor unit received the bag with point of destination sign, sign was with analyzed.If point of destination sign specified data bag sends via the long haul communication pattern, each sensor unit will receive and place data packet in special preservation formation in the group.All group memberships begin RF synchronizing cycle and then when realizing synchronously; All group memberships will send an individual data bag simultaneously, thereby increase communication distance.After unitary primary data sent from one, the bag that Unit second of group will use specific characteristic to send them arrived all group memberships, and the cycle will repeat then, successfully sent up to all data of all group memberships.Main receiving element will form and send each bag that is sent by group to be confirmed to receive.If obtain any mistake, bag will resend rational number of times up to realizing there is not wrong transmission.

Power device is described on different circuit with in the different circuit.They comprise antenna installation; Use all to distribute and amplify reception; The RF treater; Electric power controller; And power storage devices.

Each sensor unit has unique I/O passage of be used for initially powering on, charge primary storage electrical condenser, programming and execution test procedure, its some activate by Power Recovery and storage unit 212.Connection to this port will be finished during initial test routine.In normal running, the meaning is the operating period in the open environment, and sensor unit will be free of attachment to any external power source of charging and operating of being used to.Obtain for power, sensor unit is collected power from environment, including, but not limited to solar cell 218.Sensor unit distinguishingly design with allow unit volume and be used to obtain, the bests of all properties of system of storage and power management uses.Main power supply is available electromagnetic radiation in the whole radio-frequency regions that received by RF receptor 216.The energy of the type is extensively available in all places that have mankind's activity.These sources comprise the radio transmitter in all AM/FM wave bands; Radio receiver is because their convertible circuit produces the RF ripple; Based on the speed detector of police with radar; Military or commerical radar; Computer monitor and control unit, it is important near field RF source; Computer network; And the electric wire in the power network.Also available and each unit of secondary energy has specified device to obtain this energy.Mainly, exist as by X ray wave band shown in the receptor 220 and gamma band source, extensively available in its medical treatment device shielding unit in airport, highway and railway station etc.The repeated energy in addition may be object or the surperficial motion that the unit is mounted thereon.Ultrasonic receiver 214 for example piezoelectric based will absorb the energy of the type because of set of pieces.Cell location may be comprised that in the scene of surgical glove or surgery clothes these can the absorption temperature gradient and produce the ultrasonic receiver of other health parameter.

The RF wave band is with following use: power obtains the idling cycle from main dsp processor.DSP will advise that the RF treater opens all receiving circuits and begin to obtain wide spectrum signal.The RF treater will be searched for whole range of frequency and attempt determining utilisable energy.If any available, all input circuits will be optimized on this particular frequency range.The detection of energy and storage are detected by the multistage and the charging of main capacitor is finished.Optical pickocff is an ideal, because its collects optics or any energy in the wave band closely.This other function can not make the functional degeneration of main sensors.The energy of collecting in X ray and gamma ray wave band will use at the unitary back side.Chip volume in this scene is similar to the extensive strainer of light ray, only allows the detection of X ray or gamma ray.These rays freely penetrate silicone substrate.The other benefit that this detector and power obtain element is that sensor unit will collect the information about radiation background and/or radiation burst.

The primary storage electrical condenser is positioned on the low layer of sensor unit.Electrical condenser disposes with extensive nonelectrolyte dry condenser form.

Electric power controller comprises ON/OFF and sleep function.These circuit mainly are designed for the main load circuit of monitoring, power consumption level, and be convenient to the watt consumption prediction algorithm.Major software on DSP, the power management software module is with the in shortage of detection of stored power and will depend on power cycle and redistribute.This allows the peak value consumption heat rejection relevant with power of minimizing.In addition, PMU allows to determine peak power storage peak value and distributes maximum consumption in this special occasion, so that the output transmission performance reaches maximum.Information about power supply status is included in every blocks of data, and main unit can determine when it needs to move main charge cycle to recover (replenishing) power like this.

At new sensor unit or lose fully under the situation of sensor unit of power supply, all circuit are designed such that receiving circuit switches to peak power and the power storage cycle is effective.Like this, if operator or main power circuit start unit activate, they obtain energy easily and recharge their supply unit.The additional cycle will postpone to charge fully up to all electrical condensers, and electric power controller will start first wake up procedure then.During wake up procedure, dsp operation is simple carries out the peripheral components test then from detecting.After testing successfully, DSP will start short transmission session to check the RF passage.After all these are finished, status code will be recorded in the storer with date and time.If wake-up states allows, DSP will switch to and normally obtain and the analysis phase.If wake up procedure produces different codes, this code will send to main unit and be used for further analyzing and the indication of operation subsequently.In order to strengthen energy-conservation during the normal operation mode, those transmitters and system that power-supply management system will only need for this particular moment power on.In " collecting or waiting event " pattern, most of system is in battery saving mode.If some devices during transportation or because of unsuitable previous use damages, all possible code will be stored in and be used for detailed scanning in the cell memory.Scanning can use peripheral equipment to carry out to determine whole power supply status.

Power saving clearly is integrated in the operating power system.All circuit of sensor unit allow the power management in the multistage saving process.The circuit of sensor unit will be monitored for excessive power saving.If this takes place, the Status Flag of excessive power saving will produce and central computer will further be analyzed this incident.

The low power consumption stage mainly is designed to unessential processing is switched to low power, and this will make that the execution time is elongated, but enhanced power will be provided.

When running into absolute non-important scenes, ultra low power consumes the stage and will activate.Performance period will switch to the minimum possible operation rank that is used for very slow operate continuously, use chip existence required but for the unessential minimum operation of this particular surroundings.The example of this incident may be when there not being the RF power supply to use, and keeps operation long-term survival when obtaining the demand of possible energy burst but exist.

The irrelevant amount that still will reduce consumed power of the sleep of all circuit and power saving.Usually sleep is predictable, controllable, and will use between error-free running period through being everlasting.

When factory delivers, each of sensor unit will be in power-down phase.There is not enough power with start-up operation and initialization test.In this stage, all supply units will be used for collecting and preservation power.Do not carry out and calculate or transmission.

Figure 12 illustrates that many group sensor units 230 are dispersed in the system of the present invention of each position.As previous indication, each sensor unit in every group 230 can send and receive information by any sensor unit from this group.Each sensor unit in each sensor groups or the cluster 230 also will be communicated by letter with router two 32.This communication is wireless in essence usually and will utilizes previously described three types transmission technology.Certain router provides exchange board 234 and the server 236 that is used for wirelessly or send information to central computer system 240 by Internet, VPN or Internet system 238.This central computer system will receive data and send data to router and each sensor unit from router and each sensor unit.Based on the information that receives by central computer system 240, make about poisonous biological substance whether in one or more zones general and this whether will constitute the decision of bioterrorism attack.This decision process or use suitable computer to carry out automatically perhaps pulls together to carry out with the individual who checks central computer output based on the information that receives from sensor unit group 230.

The real-time detection of biological substance comprises the microorganism in pathogenic agent, anaphylactogen and the multiple varying environment, needs the comprehensive of several knowledge economy group.As describing, the present invention includes multiple technologies, multiple function is described and has multiple application.

Multiple technologies comprise the nanocircuit that uses the built-in sensing technology, and it utilizes unique defined property of biological substance at hand.These characteristics comprise biological chemistry, electrochemistry, physics or thermodynamic phenomenon.In order to strengthen sensitivity, nanotube growth is in some unit, as adding to the dentate position electrode thereon that is associated with selected biological substance.After detecting and differentiating, alarm is delivered to outside receiving equipment via unicircuit, starts the digital alarm that biological substance exists.

The unit is multi-functional.Their function comprises: detection, discriminating, amplification, digitizing, filter, distinguish, from the energy of environment obtain, between the unit and to the communicating by letter of outside router and controller, and based on network information sharing.This multifunctionality is possible, because the biological chemistry of prior art level, information technology and unicircuit are to make up about making up towards the mode of the system ensemble of biological substance defined property.

Be appreciated that each sensor unit and sensor unit group can use in many dissimilar environment, and can adhere to many dissimilar objects.These environment and object can comprise their uses in blood transfusion operation and plasma collection and storage operation, and use with syringe needle.Sensor unit can be connected to various types of gloves, for example by using in surgical operation and blood drawing of making of rubber and rubber substitute.Similarly, condom and other contraception equipment of being made by rubber and rubber substitute also can have the sensor unit that is connected to the there.

What provide in patients room adheres to the various objects that clinical fixed point is looked after diagnosis, and intensive care place and corridor also can be as the pedestals of each sensor unit.In addition, various HVAC ventilation systems and equipment can provide various sensor units and sensor unit group.This will comprise that also ventilation equipment and local air filter equipment, patient's clothes and decoration, bed service, bench and other furniture and the face shield that is used by clinician and patient.In addition, the present invention can use in the toilet facility to be used for urine and ight soil analysis in real time, perhaps is applicable to the service or the inside of dentistry and other human prosthese stationary installations.In addition, the present invention can use in animal or pet and fish environment.

The present invention has the application of handling in the industry at food and handles equipment to comprise food, and e Foerderanlage adds break, container, and silverware and other are equipped, and comprise the internal surface of can and container, the service of storing device and transportation equipment.The present invention has in the application of food chain aspect all, farm for example, food source, waste management and food processing plant.

The present invention has together with being used for manufacturing a product for example leather products, the application together of the organic materials of fabric product and plastic prod.

The present invention also has the application in the monitoring place of population collection, railway station for example, airport, bus station, office, tunnel, bridge, master station, Distribution Center, stadium, cafeteria, hotel, bar and government organs.The present invention will have at ticket, the application of using in the badge or the pass or other identity documents.

The present invention also will have with at aircraft, railway carriage, raft, surface-effect ship, automobile, the application of the unit form that uses in the cabin of the truck and the similar type vehicles.

Provide the disclosure content, alternative equivalent embodiments and other uses will become obvious to those skilled in the art.These embodiments and further the use also in consideration of the present invention.

Claims

1. one kind is used for the sensor unit that definite biological substance exists, and comprising:

Sensing surface, when particular organisms material and described sensing surface interacted, what produce the particular organisms material uniquely measured output; And

Metering facility is provided near the described sensing surface, is used to measure described measurement output.

2. according to the sensor unit of claim 1, wherein said sensing surface area is approximately 1mm ²

3. according to the sensor unit of claim 1, wherein said sensing surface under the situation that every kind of biological substance exists with for every kind of biological substance unique frequency vibration.

4. according to the sensor unit of claim 3, wherein the interaction of particular organisms material and described sensing surface causes the generation of unique acoustic pulses feature, when the particular organisms material leaves described sensing surface.

5. according to the sensor unit of claim 4, also comprise the treater of the storer that provides acoustic pulses feature, and be connected between described metering facility and the described treater, be used for the compare facilities of the acoustic pulses feature of acoustic pulses feature that comparison measured by described metering facility and described storage with a plurality of storages.

6. according to the sensor unit of claim 5, also comprise the antenna and the input/output circuitry that are used to transmit and receive data.

7. according to the sensor unit of claim 4, also comprise the power supply that is connected to described sensing surface, when described power supply is switched on first level, the biological substance drawing is arrived described sensor surface, when described power-off, allow biological substance to produce described acoustic feature pulse, and when described power supply is switched on second level, the described sensing surface of clean biometric material, thereby the repeated use of permission sensor unit.

8. according to the sensor unit of claim 7, wherein said power supply produces electrostatic field.

9. according to the sensor unit of claim 7, wherein said power supply generates an electromagnetic field.

10. according to the sensor unit of claim 1, wherein said sensing surface be included in design with one type the surface of biological substance bonded dentate only on, wherein said dentate and interaction between the type biological substance are described dentates and the combining of particular organisms material, and described interaction produces unique electricimpulse feature.

11. sensor unit according to claim 10, also comprise the treater of the storer that provides electricimpulse feature, and be connected between described metering facility and the described treater, be used for the compare facilities of the electricimpulse feature of electricimpulse feature that comparison measured by described metering facility and described storage with a plurality of storages.

12., also comprise the antenna and the input/output circuitry that are used to transmit and receive data according to the sensor unit of claim 11.

13. according to the sensor unit of claim 10, wherein said metering facility provides the field-effect transmitter (FET) of active region, gate region and drain region.

14. according to the sensor unit of claim 11, wherein said metering facility provides the field-effect transmitter (FET) of active region, gate region and drain region.

15. according to the sensor unit of claim 13, wherein said FET is hypersensitization field-effect transistor (ESFET).

16., also comprise the biological amplifying unit that is connected to described dentate according to the sensor unit of claim 10.

17. sensor unit according to claim 13, also comprise a plurality of dentates, each of described a plurality of dentates comprises sensing surface and at least one non-sensing surface, and the described non-sensing surface of at least a portion of described dentate is provided near the described gate region of described FET.

18. sensor unit according to claim 14, also comprise a plurality of dentates, each of described a plurality of dentates comprises sensing surface and at least one non-sensing surface, and the described non-sensing surface of at least a portion of described dentate is provided near the described gate region of described FET.

19., also comprise being provided near a plurality of dentates of described metering facility according to the sensor unit of claim 13.

20., also comprise being provided near a plurality of dentates of described metering facility according to the sensor unit of claim 14.

21. sensor unit according to claim 19, wherein the described sensing surface of described a plurality of dentates of first number only combines producing first unique electricimpulse feature fully with first biological substance, and the described sensing surface of described a plurality of dentates of second number only combines to produce second unique electricimpulse feature fully with second biological substance.

22. sensor unit according to claim 20, wherein the described sensing surface of described a plurality of dentates of first number only combines producing first unique electricimpulse feature fully with first biological substance, and the described sensing surface of described a plurality of dentates of second number only combines to produce second unique electricimpulse feature fully with second biological substance.

23., also comprise near the gelinite of at least a portion of the described a plurality of dentates of described gate region of sealing described FET according to the sensor unit of claim 17.

24., also comprise near the gelinite of at least a portion of the described a plurality of dentates of described gate region of sealing described FET according to the sensor unit of claim 18.

25., also comprise current source that is connected to described FET and first electrode that is connected to described current source according to the sensor unit of claim 23.

26., also comprise current source that is connected to described FET and first electrode that is connected to described current source according to the sensor unit of claim 24.

27. according to the sensor unit of claim 25, comprise also being positioned near solubilized second electrode of described gate region that described second electrode is connected to described current source.

28. according to the sensor unit of claim 26, comprise also being positioned near solubilized second electrode of described gate region that described second electrode is connected to described current source.

29. sensor unit according to claim 13, also comprise a plurality of dentates, each of described dentate comprises sensing surface and at least one non-sensing surface, be connected to the current source of described FET, be connected to first electrode of described current source, in abutting connection with second electrode of described gate region, described second electrode is connected to described current source, the a plurality of nanotubes that provide between described first and second electrodes, the non-sensing surface of wherein said dentate is connected to of described nanotube.

30. sensor unit according to claim 14, also comprise a plurality of dentates, each of described dentate comprises sensing surface and at least one non-sensing surface, be connected to the current source of described FET, be connected to first electrode of described current source, in abutting connection with second electrode of described gate region, described second electrode is connected to described current source, the a plurality of nanotubes that provide between described first and second electrodes, the non-sensing surface of wherein said dentate is connected to of described nanotube.

31. sensor unit according to claim 29, wherein the described sensing surface of described a plurality of dentates of first number only combines producing first unique electricimpulse feature fully with first biological substance, and the described sensing surface of described a plurality of dentates of second number only combines to produce second unique electricimpulse feature fully with second biological substance.

32. sensor unit according to claim 30, wherein the described sensing surface of described a plurality of dentates of first number only combines producing first unique electricimpulse feature fully with first biological substance, and the described sensing surface of described a plurality of dentates of second number only combines to produce second unique electricimpulse feature fully with second biological substance.

33., also be included in the catalyzer that provides on the described gate region according to the sensor unit of claim 29.

34., also be included in the catalyzer that provides on the described gate region according to the sensor unit of claim 30.

35., also comprise the conduction or the semiconductive material that apply described a plurality of nanotube surface according to the sensor unit of claim 33.

36., also comprise the conduction or the semiconductive material that apply described a plurality of nanotube surface according to the sensor unit of claim 34.

37. sensor unit according to claim 1, wherein said sensing surface be included in design with one type the surface of biological substance bonded dentate only on, wherein said dentate and interaction between a kind of types of biological material are described dentates and the combining of particular organisms material, and described interaction produces unique photoimpact feature.

38. transmitter according to claim 37, also comprise the treater of the storer that provides photoimpact feature, and be connected between described metering facility and the described treater, be used for the compare facilities of the photoimpact feature of photoimpact feature that comparison measured by described metering facility and described storage with a plurality of storages.

39. according to the sensor unit of claim 37, wherein said metering facility provides the fixed effect transistor (FET) of active region, photosensitive gate region and drain region.

40. according to the sensor unit of claim 38, wherein said metering facility provides the fixed effect transistor (FET) of active region, photosensitive gate region and drain region.

41., also comprise the biological amplifying unit that is connected to described dentate according to the sensor unit of claim 37.

42. sensor unit according to claim 37, also comprise a plurality of dentates, each of described a plurality of dentates comprises sensing surface and at least one non-sensing surface, and the described non-sensing surface of many described dentates is provided near the described photosensitive gate region of described FET.

43. sensor unit according to claim 38, also comprise a plurality of dentates, each of described a plurality of dentates comprises sensing surface and at least one non-sensing surface, and the described non-sensing surface of many described dentates is provided near the described photosensitive gate region of described FET.

44. sensor unit according to claim 37, wherein the described sensing surface of described a plurality of dentates of first number only combines producing first unique photosensitive pulse characteristics fully with first biological substance, and the described sensing surface of described a plurality of dentates of second number only combines to produce second unique photosensitive pulse characteristics fully with second biological substance.

45. sensor unit according to claim 38, wherein the described sensing surface of described a plurality of dentates of first number only combines producing first unique photosensitive pulse characteristics fully with first biological substance, and the described sensing surface of described a plurality of dentates of second number only combines to produce second unique photosensitive pulse characteristics fully with second biological substance.

46., also comprise the gelinite of the non-sensing surface of sealing many described dentates according to the sensor unit of claim 42.

47., also comprise the gelinite of the non-sensing surface of sealing many described dentates according to the sensor unit of claim 43.

48. according to the sensor unit of claim 46, first electrode that also comprises the current source that is connected to described FET and be connected to described current source.

49. according to the sensor unit of claim 47, first electrode that also comprises the current source that is connected to described FET and be connected to described current source.

50. according to the sensor unit of claim 48, comprise also being positioned near solubilized second electrode of described gate region that described second electrode is connected to described current source.

51. according to the sensor unit of claim 49, comprise also being positioned near solubilized second electrode of described gate region that described second electrode is connected to described current source.

52. according to the sensor unit of claim 5, wherein said treater will write down and store by the coupling between in the acoustic pulses feature of the described acoustic pulses feature of described metering facility measurement and described storage.

53. according to the sensor unit of claim 12, wherein said treater will write down and store by the coupling between in the electricimpulse feature of the described electricimpulse feature of described metering facility measurement and described storage.

54. according to the sensor unit of claim 38, wherein said treater will write down and store by the coupling between in the photoimpact feature of the described photoimpact feature of described metering facility measurement and described storage.

55. according to the sensor unit of claim 1, provide a kind of from spectrum the equipment of harvest energy, described energy is used to the sensor unit power supply.

56. according to the sensor unit of claim 1, provide a kind of from X ray or gamma ray spectrum the equipment of harvest energy, it is the sensor unit power supply that described energy is used for.

57. according to the sensor unit of claim 1, provide a kind of from electromagnetism RF field the equipment of harvest energy, it is the sensor unit power supply that described energy is used for.

58. one kind is used for determining for example will attacking the system of the poisonous biological substance existence of sensing in bioterrorism, comprises:

Be incorporated into a plurality of sensor units of specific environment, each of described sensor unit provides and is used to measure the sensing surface that at least a poisonous biological substance exists, and poisonous biological substance produces unique output of measuring by the interaction with described sensing surface;

Each described sensor unit also comprises:

Be provided near the described sensing surface, be used to measure described unique metering facility of measuring output;

Control each the treater of operation of described sensor unit;

With the storer of described processor communication, described storer is stored a plurality of described unique outputs of measuring therein;

Be used for unique output and described a plurality of unique comparer of measuring output that is stored in described storer measured that comparison is produced by described sensor surface; And

The antenna that is used to transmit and receive data; And

The junction centre that is used for the Controlling System operation, described junction centre comprises center processor, central memory and the antenna that transmits and receive data from described a plurality of sensor units, described junction centre produces alarm based on the data that receive from described a plurality of sensor units.

59. according to the system of claim 58, wherein said alarm is based on by the number of the poisonous biological substance of described a plurality of sensor unit sensings and type and produce.

60., comprise that also the information that is used for receiving from described a plurality of sensor units sends to described junction centre, and the router unit that information is sent to described a plurality of sensor units according to the system of claim 58.

61., comprise that also the information that is used for receiving from described a plurality of sensor units sends to described junction centre, and the router unit that information is sent to described a plurality of sensor units according to the system of claim 59.

62. according to the system of claim 60, each of wherein said a plurality of sensor units directly transmits and receive data from the one or more of described a plurality of sensor units.

63. according to the system of claim 61, each of wherein said a plurality of sensor units directly transmits and receive data from the one or more of described a plurality of sensor units.