CN1945921A - Single battery or sub battery group protection circuit and method and device for controlling power type battery group uniformly discharging - Google Patents
Single battery or sub battery group protection circuit and method and device for controlling power type battery group uniformly discharging Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
This invention relates to a monomer cell or a cell set protection circuit and a balance discharge control method and a device for dynamic cell set, in which, the dynamic cell set equivalent discharge method and device includes a control process circuit with CPU as the core and a monomer cell or sub-cell protection circuit, each cell or sub-cell set is correspondingly connected to a voltage detector, the output of which is connected with the I/O input end of the CPU, which collects signals transmitted by the voltage detector timely and transmits related control instructions based on the signals to control the state switch of related electronic switch to let the monomer cell or sub-cell set reaching the discharge ending voltage cut off from the discharge loop and enter into the sleep state and let the standby monomer cell or sub-cell set at the sleep state access into the discharge loop then to repeat the process after some time to let them discharge uniformly.
Description
One, technical field: the present invention relates to a kind of motive-power battery group balanced discharge control method, particularly relate to a kind of cell or sub battery group protection circuit and motive-power battery group balanced discharge control method and device.
Two, background technology: along with The development in society and economy, the energy starved problem becomes increasingly conspicuous, and battery is widely used gradually as a kind of renewable energy resources that reuse.Electric bicycle was popularized rapidly in nearly 2 years, and electric automobile and light-weight electric car also gradually appear as new high-tech product, have attracted a lot of consumers' eye.Especially the skyrocketing of current market fuel oil, combustion gas price increased considerably the use consumer cost of fuel oil, gas powered vehicle, and electric motor car has bigger advantage aspect environmental protection simultaneously.
But under existing conditions, the problem that big problem is exactly a battery that the restriction electric motor car already develops, because battery performance instability, not only improved is the cost of the electric locomotive entire product of power with the battery, and make the overall performance of product be difficult to be greatly improved, maintenance cost is high, and use cost strengthens.Under the normal situation, cycle life should be more than 1000 times under best charge and discharge pattern for battery, but the problem that exists is usually, if exist the individual battery performance to fall behind in the battery pack, the performance behindhand battery can occur and the situation of putting occur overcharging or crossing, cause the battery local overheating, even may produce the overheating failure phenomenon, so that the cycle life of some battery only has about 200 times at present, if can not solve the unbalanced problem of above-mentioned discharge that single battery exists, the cycle life of battery pack will be had a greatly reduced quality, even makes whole battery group lose efficacy.It is to make regular check on the maintenance free cell group that tradition solves the method that single battery lost efficacy in the battery pack, replace the bad battery of performance, shortcoming is cumbersome, the single battery of decreased performance continues to use simultaneously, can reduce the performance of other battery, more impossible from finding that the not good very first time of performance changes this battery, fundamentally do not solve the problem of battery pack balancing discharge, to prolong the useful life of battery pack to greatest extent.
Prior art solves battery balanced filling at present, the method of discharge all is from battery itself the monitoring battery to be carried out mandatory charge or discharge to handle, the discharge performance characterization parameter that makes it to reach with other battery is complementary, because the quality of the electrical property of battery fundamentally depends on the capability and performance parameter of himself, therefore prior art is artificially forced equilibrium to battery discharge, though can improve the serviceability of whole battery group, but for cell, this processing procedure itself is exactly the loss to the cell self-energy, be a kind of, there is negative effect in battery itself waste of electric energy.China's utility model patent: Granted publication number is CN2790010Y, the patent No. is the executive circuit of ZL 200520070193.4 disclosed a kind of lithium rechargeable batteries charge and discharge balancing circuit, comprise and be series at every joint lithium rechargeable batteries two electric discharge between electrodes resistance and discharge switches, the discharge switch of the first segment lithium rechargeable batteries of minus earth is a MOS switching tube circuit, all the other each road discharge switches are made of the two-stage switching circuit, first order switch series is coupled in the discharge loop, second level switch is arranged in the control loop of first order switch, and the control end of second level switch constitutes the control end of executive circuit.The utility model adopts secondary switch control for the discharge loop of lithium rechargeable batteries, can realize the discharge control for any joint in one group of lithium rechargeable batteries of series connection.Advantage is to have guaranteed that the cell of forming battery pack is unlikely to overcharge in charging process.Shortcoming is the same with many related art; do not solve cell that battery pack in use the exists unbalanced problem of discharging; and because the problem that the cell performance parameter does not match or the battery pack whole service life that causes because of mass discrepancy descends; and to the protection problem of the relatively poor cell of discharge performance, and these problems are with the overall performance index of battery pack with confidential relation is arranged useful life.
Three, summary of the invention:
Technical problem to be solved by this invention: at the prior art deficiency; a kind of cell or sub battery group protection circuit and motive-power battery group balanced discharge control method and device are proposed; in battery pack, establish standby replacement battery more than needed; detect the discharge scenario of cell in the battery pack in real time; the cell or the sub-battery pack of in time replacing poor electrical performance with battery more than needed allow it rest until will be needed again; circulation by said process; reaching the situation that prevents cell generation overdischarge takes place; the final purpose that realizes the whole battery group balanced discharge, thereby the useful life of improving whole battery group greatly.
The technical solution adopted in the present invention:
A kind of motive-power battery group balanced discharge control method, contain with the central processing unit is the control core treatment circuit, battery pack contains m cell or sub-battery pack, voltage detector of the corresponding connection of each cell or sub-battery pack, the output of described voltage detector directly or through A/D conversion back connects central processing unit I/O input, each cell of described composition battery pack or sub-battery pack are connected in series its electronic switch that inserts discharge loop successively by one, between the negative pole of the negative pole of first cell or sub-battery pack and next cell or sub-battery pack, be connected with one with its electronic switch that disconnects from discharge loop, wherein the negative pole of first cell or sub-battery pack is battery-powered output with the output in parallel of the one group of electronic switch that is connected with m cell or sub-battery pack, the control end of each electronic switch of central processing unit control I/O output control connection, under the control processing circuit effect, in initial condition in the battery pack 1 or n cell or sub-battery pack are broken from discharge loop and be in resting state as standby, a m-1 wherein or m-n cell or sub-battery pack provide rated operational voltage, the reference voltage of described voltage detector is set to cell or sub-battery power discharge final voltage value, in discharge process, when the terminal voltage that detects a certain cell or sub-battery pack when voltage detector reaches final discharging voltage, just export a corresponding signal, central processing unit is gathered the signal that voltage detector is sent in real time, and send control signal corresponding according to the signal message that receives, state by corresponding electronic switch switches, to reach the cell of final discharging voltage or sub-battery pack breaks from discharge loop and enters dormancy, central processing unit sends control signal to the electronic switch of some standby cell that is in resting state or sub-battery pack correspondence simultaneously, it is inserted discharge loop, and after postponing certain hour, repeat said process, make each cell of forming battery pack or the discharge that sub-battery pack all reaches the comparison equilibrium.
Described motive-power battery balanced discharge control method, in the discharge process, central processing unit is monitored each cell or sub-battery pack terminal voltage in real time, and carry out respectively judging in real time separately according to the output voltage signal of each cell gathered or sub-battery pack, simultaneously analyze comparison in conjunction with the historical record of battery discharge, judge the relatively poor cell of discharge performance or be sub-battery pack, and send replacement instruction, all the time make a m-1 or m-n cell or sub-battery pack be in discharge condition, other cell or sub-battery pack are in resting state; Cell that is used to replace or sub-battery pack mostly are n most; Reach final discharging voltage if voltage detector has detected n+1 or n+2 cell or sub-battery pack, then send control command, cut off current supply circuit.
A kind of cell or sub battery group protection circuit; contain voltage signal output end and signal input end; the signal output part that is connected the voltage detector between described cell or sub-battery pack the two poles of the earth is the voltage signal output end of described protective circuit; described cell or sub-battery pack are connected with one it are inserted the electronic switch of discharge loop and one with its electronic switch that disconnects from discharge loop; the former electronic switch is connected in series between the negative pole of anodal and next cell or sub-battery pack of described cell or sub-battery pack; latter's electronic switch is connected between the negative pole of the negative pole of described cell or sub-battery pack and next cell or sub-battery pack, and the signal input end of described protective circuit connects the control end of described electronic switch.
Described cell or sub battery group protection circuit, described voltage detector adopts the cmos voltage detector TC51 of open-drain output, the negative pole of described cell or sub-battery pack connects voltage detector earth terminal Vss, the anodal input Vin that connects voltage detector; Electronic switch adopts field-effect transistor, and the control end of one of them field-effect transistor connects the signal input end of protective circuit, and described signal input end connects the control end of another electronic switch simultaneously by reverser.
Described cell or sub battery group protection circuit, voltage detector adopts comparator, the comparator backward end connects the reference voltage input, comparator is held in the same way and is connected cell or sub-battery voltage signal sample circuit, electronic switch adopts relay, the normally-closed contact of relay be connected in series successively each cell or sub-battery pack, the normally opened contact of relay connects between the negative pole of the negative pole of described cell or sub-battery pack and next cell or sub-battery pack, the signal input end control connection relay drive coil power supply of described protective circuit; Electronic switch or employing large power triode.
A kind of motive-power battery balanced discharge control device; contain described cell of claim 3 or sub battery group protection circuit and be the control core treatment circuit with the central processing unit; form each cell of battery pack or voltage detector output that sub-battery pack the two poles of the earth connect respectively directly or connect an I/O input port of central processing unit by A/D converter; each cell or the sub-battery pack of forming battery pack are connected in series successively by an electronic switch that makes this cell or sub-battery pack insert discharge loop; simultaneously from first cell or sub-battery pack; between the negative pole of the negative pole of every previous cell or sub-battery pack and next cell or sub-battery pack, be connected with an electronic switch that it is broken from discharge loop in turn; the trigger control end of the former electronic switch connects an I/O output control terminal mouth of central processing unit; the trigger control end of latter's electronic switch connects the trigger control end of the former electronic switch by reverser, and the output of that group electronic switch that the negative pole of first cell or sub-battery pack is connected with last cell or sub-battery anode is the operating voltage output of battery pack.
Described motive-power battery balanced discharge control device, described voltage comparator adopts the cmos voltage detector TC51 of open-drain output, central processing unit adopts EM78P458 or H8/38024 single-chip microcomputer, the grounding leg ground connection of EM78P458 or H8/38024, supply pin connects power supply, its input end of clock external clock, the corresponding I/O input of EM78P458 or H8/38024 program setting connects voltage detector output end vo ut respectively, the corresponding I/O output of the program setting of EM78P458 or H8/38024 connect respectively the electronic switch that inserts discharge loop with by the corresponding control end that is connected the electronic switch that disconnects from discharge loop of reverser, the reference voltage input Vref connection TL431 accurate benchmark power generation circuit of EM78P458 or H8/38024.
The reference voltage input Vref of EM78P458 or H8/38024 connects the voltage output end of TL431 accurate benchmark power generation circuit, dc power anode inserts the CATHODE end of TL431 by a current-limiting resistance, dc power cathode connects the ANODE end of TL431, be connected with two divider resistances between the contact of the CATHODE of described resistance and TL431 end and dc power cathode, the contact of described two divider resistances inserts the reference voltage input REF end of TL431.
Described motive-power battery balanced discharge control device, voltage detector adopts the cmos voltage detector TC51 of open-drain output, central processing unit adopts 16 single-chip microcomputers of MC16C/62P, battery pack contains 22 cells, 22 voltage detectors of corresponding respectively connection, the output of voltage detector inserts the corresponding I/O input port of MC16C/62P program setting respectively, and the corresponding I/O output port of MC16C/62P program setting connects 22 groups of cells accesses successively and disconnects the switching electronic switch.
Described motive-power battery balanced discharge control device, voltage comparator adopts the cmos voltage detector TC51 of open-drain output, central processing unit adopts the STC89C51 single-chip microcomputer, A/D converter adopts ADC0809, the output of voltage detector TC51 connects the respective input mouth of ADC0809, the ADC0809 output connects the corresponding I/O input port of central processing unit STC89C51 respectively, be connected with data latches 74LS373 at ADC0809 and central processing unit STC89C51, the I/O output control connection cell of central processor STC89C51 or sub-battery pack insert and electronic switch is switched in disconnection.
Described motive-power battery balanced discharge control device, electronic switch adopts relay, two cells or sub-battery pack that the normally-closed contact of relay is connected in series adjacent, the normally opened contact of relay is connected between the negative pole of a cell or sub-battery pack and next cell or sub-battery pack, and the drive circuit that the corresponding I/O output port with central processing unit of the power end of relay control coil is connected connects.
Useful good effect of the present invention:
1, the present invention reaches the purpose of battery pack and cell balanced discharge from a brand-new angle, and lithium ion battery and Ni-MH battery cycle life are reached about 800 times.The present invention is by increasing reserve battery more than needed in the motive-power battery group, utilize control circuit in time to make it replace the not good battery of electrical property in the discharge loop, be replaced battery rest a period of time, treat cell or the sub-battery pack that to replace other at any time behind its performance recovery, make each cell balanced discharge in the battery pack, improve the battery power discharge performance, improved battery pack charge and discharge cycle number of times greatly, prolonged battery useful life.
2, the present invention has effectively overcome electrical property relatively poor cell overdischarge occurs, produces local overheating under the regular picture state phenomenon, avoids overheating failure occurring or damage causes scrapping of whole battery group because of certain battery.The present invention makes the not good battery of discharge performance in time have a rest, recover by control circuit, avoid therefore making the whole battery group discharge performance to descend, influence the discharge performance of battery pack, improved the result of use of motive-power battery, reach the utilization effectively and reasonably of energy, energy savings.
3, penetration and promotion of the present invention will produce good social benefit and economic benefit.The long-term use, one can prolong battery useful life, based on the improvement of cell discharge performance, makes that the energy content of battery obtains fully rationally utilizing, indirect saving electric energy; Two have prolonged the life cycle of battery, have reduced frequency and quantity that battery is scrapped, to environmental protection huge contribution beyond doubt.
Four, description of drawings:
Fig. 1: the balanced discharge control device adopts the H8/38024 single-chip microcomputer, and battery pack is formed by 7 lithium ion single battery tandem compounds, and 24V is provided output
Fig. 2: accurate benchmark power generation circuit schematic diagram in the balanced discharge control device shown in Figure 1
Fig. 3: the circuit theory diagrams of voltage detector TC51 in the balanced discharge control device of the present invention
Fig. 4: the balanced discharge control device adopts 16 single-chip microcomputers of MC16C/62P, and battery pack is made up of the sub-battery pack of ni-mh (3 joint tandem compound), and 24V is provided output
Fig. 5: the balanced discharge control device adopts 16 single-chip microcomputers of MC16C/62P, and battery pack is composed in series by 22 ni-mh cells, and 24V is provided output
Fig. 6: the balanced discharge control device adopts MC16C/62P16 position single-chip microcomputer, and battery pack is composed in series by 22 lithium ion single batteries, and 72V is provided the balanced discharge circuit theory diagrams of output.
Fig. 7: the balanced discharge control device adopts the STC89C51 single-chip microcomputer, and battery pack is formed by 7 lithium ion single battery tandem compounds, and 24V is provided output
Fig. 8: the balanced discharge control device adopts the STC89C51 single-chip microcomputer, and battery pack is formed by 7 ni-mh cell tandem compounds, and 6V is provided output
Fig. 9: cell or sub battery group protection circuit schematic diagram
Five, embodiment:
Embodiment one: referring to Fig. 9, present embodiment is cell or sub battery group protection circuit.Cell (or sub-battery pack) POW1 and two electronic switch T1, T2 are contained in cell or sub-battery pack protection loop, and electronic switch adopts field-effect transistor.Electronic switch T1 is connected in series between the negative pole of anodal and next cell of cell POW1; in order to cell POW1 is inserted discharge loop; electronic switch T2 is connected between the negative pole of the negative pole of cell POW1 and next cell; in order to cell POW1 is broken from discharge loop; wherein the control end of electronic switch T1 connects the control end of electronic switch T2 by reverser C1; the output parallel connection of T1, T2 connects next group cell and protective circuit.Between the two poles of the earth of cell POW1, be connected with voltage detector, voltage detector adopts the cmos voltage detector TC51 of open-drain output, the negative pole of cell POW1 connects voltage detector earth terminal Vss, the anodal input Vin that connects voltage detector, the output voltage sense signal of voltage detector TC51, the contact of switch transistor T 1 and reverser C1 is a signal input end.
Voltage detector TC51 is the cmos voltage detector of low-power consumption, open-drain output, its circuit theory diagrams are referring to Fig. 3, the TC51 circuit is made up of program control voltage divider, delay circuit of comparator, the high-precision reference voltage circuit of little electric current, laser and the output driver that has a digital delay timer, TC51 adopts open-drain output, and has built-in delay feature.
Embodiment two: what present embodiment and embodiment one were different is; voltage detector adopts comparator; the comparator backward end connects the reference voltage input; comparator is held the connection voltage signal sampling circuit in the same way; electronic switch adopts relay; the normally-closed contact of relay (or normally opened contact) be connected in series successively each cell or sub-battery pack; between the negative pole of the normally opened contact of relay (or normally-closed contact) described cell of connection or sub-battery pack and the negative pole of next cell or sub-battery pack, the drive coil power access end of the signal input end control connection relay of protective circuit.Electronic switch or employing large power triode.
Embodiment three: referring to Fig. 1; present embodiment motive-power battery balanced discharge control device; battery pack is made up of seven lithium ion single batteries; seven cells are connected in series successively by embodiment one described protective circuit, and output of the negative pole of first cell and last group electronic switch by reverser interlocking is battery-powered voltage output end.The output of each voltage detector connects an I/O input port of central processing unit respectively, the corresponding I/O output control terminal mouth of central processing unit program setting connects the trigger control end of that one of them electronic switch of group of each cell correspondence respectively, and the trigger control end of this electronic switch connects the trigger control end of another electronic switch simultaneously by reverser.
Present embodiment control processing circuit central processing unit adopts the H8/38024 single-chip microcomputer, the Vss of H8/38024 and Avss end ground connection, power end VCC connects working power, its OSC1, OSC2 termination clock, I/O input AN0～AN6 pin of H8/38024 is respectively by resistance R 1, R7～R11 connects seven voltage detector output end vo ut, AN1～AN6 pin is simultaneously respectively by resistance R 2～R6 ground connection, seven voltage detectors detect the terminal voltage of seven cells respectively, corresponding I/O output P50～P56 of EM78P458 connects the control end that cell is inserted the discharge loop electronic switch respectively, by the corresponding connection of reverser this cell is disconnected the control end of electronic switch simultaneously from discharge loop.During work, when detecting voltage Vin greater than Vdet-, the output Vout of TC51 just keeps logic high state; When Vin was lower than Vdet-, output became the logic low shape immediately.During less than Vdet-and hysteresis Vhyst sum, Vout keeps low level at Vin.Otherwise Vout gets back to high level once more.In the present embodiment, each cell rated operational voltage is 4V, and voltage detector reference voltage V det-is set at 2.75～3.00V.
The present embodiment central processing unit also can adopt the EM78P458 single-chip microcomputer, and its annexation is similar with H8/38024, does not repeat them here.In addition I/O port of EM78P458 or H8/38024 single-chip microcomputer with systematically between can be connected thermistor, by control processing circuit, provide heat protection function.
In the accurate benchmark power generation circuit shown in Figure 2, TL431 provides the reference voltage input for microcontroller power supply.TL431 is one the three adjustable shunting a reference source of end, can obtain between 2.5～36V voltage arbitrarily according to the precision resistance network of outside.Dc power anode inserts the CATHODE end of TL431 by a current-limiting resistance, dc power cathode connects the ANODE end of TL431, between the contact of the CATHODE of described resistance and TL431 end and dc power cathode, be connected with two divider resistances, the contact of described two divider resistances inserts the reference voltage input REF end of TL431, and the reference power supply of the CATHODE end output of TL431 connects the reference voltage input Vref of described central processing unit.
Battery balanced discharge control device, concrete operation principle is as follows:
1, in discharge process, after single-chip microcomputer powers on, the main program of finishing system's main flow will use CALL instruction calls initialization function, and initial work comprises 3 aspects: define whole registers and one-chip machine port; Register and port status in the initialization sheet; System monitoring system reset also starts, and interruption reset condition is also waited for.
2, call the subprogram that detects battery, detect corresponding TC51 output low level, finish detection.
3, the result that will detect analyzes and judges, if there is not the TC51 output low level, then directly enters next circulation.If a TC51 output low level is arranged, then send the instruction of replacement.If a plurality of TC51 output low levels, then judge time of occurrence the longest and send replacement instruction; If the longest more than one of time, then appoint and get one and send replacement instruction.If the TC51 output low level greater than 3, then send halt instruction, cut off current supply circuit, with the protection battery pack.
4, send instruction according to the result who judges, control electronic switch (make 6 cells be in discharge condition all the time, 1 cell is in resting state) is adjusted the discharge condition of battery in the battery pack.
5, postpone back repeating step 2 and enter circulation.
Embodiment four: referring to Fig. 4, the difference of present embodiment and embodiment three is that battery pack is made up of 7 sub-battery pack, and each sub-battery pack is made up of three joint monomer Ni-MH batteries.Connect with electronic switch between 7 sub-battery pack, 6 sub-battery pack keep series connection, and the electric power of 24V is provided; A sub-battery pack keeps disengaging to be in resting state, prepares to replace 6 sub-battery pack that the electrical property in the sub-battery pack is not good at any time as standby sub-battery pack; Simultaneously, be replaced the sub-battery pack of getting off as standby.
Embodiment five: referring to Fig. 5, in the present embodiment, adopted MC16C/62P16 position single-chip microcomputer that battery pack is controlled accurately.Battery pack is formed by 22 ni-mh cell tandem compounds, between connect with electronic switch, 20 keep series connection, and the electric power of 24V is provided; 2 keep the disengaging battery pack to be in resting state, prepare to replace the not good cell of 20 electrical properties of merely hitting at any time as reserve battery; Simultaneously, be replaced the cell that gets off as reserve battery.In the present embodiment, each cell nominal voltage is 1.2V, and the Vdet-of voltage detector TC51 is set at 0.85～1.00V.
Embodiment six: referring to Fig. 6, in the present embodiment, adopted MC16C/62P16 position single-chip microcomputer that battery pack is carried out balanced discharge control.Battery pack is formed by 22 lithium ion single battery tandem compounds, between connect with electronic switch, 20 keep series connection, and the electric power of 72V is provided; 2 keep the disengaging battery pack to be in resting state, prepare to replace the not good cell of 20 electrical properties of merely hitting at any time as reserve battery; Simultaneously, be replaced the cell that gets off as reserve battery.In the present embodiment, each cell nominal voltage is 3.6V, and the Vdet-of voltage detector TC51 is set at 2.5～2.8V.
Embodiment seven: referring to Fig. 7, in the present embodiment, adopted STC89C51 single-chip microcomputer commonly used that battery pack is carried out balanced discharge control.Because STC89C51 inside does not have the A/D translation function, adopt the ADC0809 chip to expand 8 road A/D translation functions.Battery pack is formed by 7 lithium ion single battery tandem compounds, between connect with electronic switch, 6 keep series connection, and the electric power of 24V is provided; 1 keeps the disengaging battery pack to be in resting state, prepares to replace the not good cell of 7 electrical properties of merely hitting at any time as reserve battery; Simultaneously, be replaced the cell that gets off as reserve battery.The output of seven voltage detectors is connected to input IN0～IN6 of ADC0809 respectively by resistance, respectively by grounding through resistance, output D0～D7 of ADC0809 connects the P of STC89C51 respectively to IN0～IN6 of ADC0809 simultaneously
0.0～P
0.6Port, corresponding A0, A1, the A2 port that connects latch 74LS373 of port A, the B of ADC0809, C, data output end D0～D7 of latch 74LS373 connects the P of STC89C51 respectively
0.0～P
0.6Port, the input IN7 of ADC0809 connects thermistor, its GND pin ground connection, the Vref termination power, the ALE end of STC89C51 connects the G port of 74LS373, the ALE end that connects ADC0809 behind the ALE of the STC89C51 end two divided-frequency, the corresponding corresponding function end that connects ADC0809 of the read-write control end of STC89C51, ADC0809 the EOC mouth connect the interrupting input end mouth INT1 of STC89C51 by reverser.
Embodiment eight: referring to Fig. 8 and embodiment seven, present embodiment also adopts the STC89C51 single-chip microcomputer that battery pack is carried out balanced discharge control, adopts the ADC0809 chip to expand 8 road A/D translation functions.Battery pack is formed by 6 ni-mh cell tandem compounds, between connect with electronic switch, 5 keep series connection, and the electric power of 6V is provided; 1 keeps the disengaging battery pack to be in resting state, prepares to replace the not good cell of 5 electrical properties of merely hitting at any time as reserve battery; Simultaneously, be replaced the cell that gets off as reserve battery.In the present embodiment, the Vdet-of voltage detector TC51 is set at 0.85～1.00V.
Embodiment nine: present embodiment is a motive-power battery group balanced discharge control method.Motive-power battery group balanced discharge control method, contain with the central processing unit is the control core treatment circuit, battery pack contains m cell or sub-battery pack, voltage detector of the corresponding connection of each cell or sub-battery pack, the output of voltage detector connects central processing unit, each cell or the sub-battery pack of forming battery pack are connected in series its electronic switch that inserts discharge loop successively by one, between the negative pole of the negative pole of first cell or sub-battery pack and next cell or sub-battery pack, be connected with one with its electronic switch that disconnects from discharge loop, wherein the negative pole of first cell or sub-battery pack is battery-powered output with the output in parallel of two electronic switches that are connected with m cell or sub-battery pack, the control end of each electronic switch of central processing unit control I/O output control connection, under the control processing circuit effect, in initial condition in the battery pack one or n cell or sub-battery pack are broken from discharge loop and be in resting state as standby, a m-1 wherein or m-n cell or sub-battery pack provide rated operational voltage, the reference voltage of voltage comparator is set to cell or sub-battery power discharge final voltage value in the voltage detector, in discharge process, when voltage detector detects a certain cell or sub-battery pack terminal voltage and reaches final discharging voltage, just export a switching value or analog signals, central processing unit is gathered the signal that voltage detector is sent in real time, and send control corresponding according to the signal that receives and instruct, state by corresponding electronic switch switches, to reach the cell of final discharging voltage or sub-battery pack breaks from discharge loop and enters dormancy, central processing unit sends control command to a standby cell that is in resting state or the electronic switch of sub-battery pack correspondence simultaneously, it is inserted discharge loop, and after postponing certain hour, repeat said process, the discharge that makes each interior cell of composition battery pack or sub-battery pack all reach the comparison equilibrium.
In the discharge process, central processing unit detects each cell or sub-battery pack terminal voltage in real time, and carry out respectively judging in real time separately according to the output voltage signal of each cell gathered or sub-battery pack, simultaneously analyze comparison in conjunction with the historical record of battery discharge, judge the relatively poor cell of discharge performance or be sub-battery pack, all the time make a m-1 or m-n cell or sub-battery pack be in discharge condition, other cell or sub-battery pack are in resting state; Cell that is used to replace or sub-battery pack mostly are n most; If voltage detector has detected the individual cell of n+1 (or n+2 or n+3, can set according to different situations) or sub-battery pack reaches final discharging voltage, then send halt instruction, cut off current supply circuit.
Claims (10)
1, a kind of motive-power battery group balanced discharge control method, contain with the central processing unit is the control core treatment circuit, battery pack contains m cell or sub-battery pack, voltage detector of the corresponding connection of each cell or sub-battery pack, the output of described voltage detector directly or through A/D conversion back connects central processing unit I/O input, each cell of described composition battery pack or sub-battery pack are connected in series its electronic switch that inserts discharge loop successively by one, between the negative pole of the negative pole of first cell or sub-battery pack and next cell or sub-battery pack, be connected with one with its electronic switch that disconnects from discharge loop, wherein the negative pole of first cell or sub-battery pack is battery-powered output with the output in parallel of the one group of electronic switch that is connected with m cell or sub-battery pack, the control end of each electronic switch of central processing unit control I/O output control connection, it is characterized in that: under the control processing circuit effect, in initial condition in the battery pack 1 or n cell or sub-battery pack are broken from discharge loop and be in resting state as standby, a m-1 wherein or m-n cell or sub-battery pack provide rated operational voltage, the reference voltage of described voltage detector is set to cell or sub-battery power discharge final voltage value, in discharge process, when the terminal voltage that detects a certain cell or sub-battery pack when voltage detector reaches final discharging voltage, just export a corresponding signal, central processing unit is gathered the signal that voltage detector is sent in real time, and send control signal corresponding according to the information that receives, state by corresponding electronic switch switches, to reach the cell of final discharging voltage or sub-battery pack breaks from discharge loop and enters dormancy, central processing unit sends control signal to the electronic switch of some standby cell that is in resting state or sub-battery pack correspondence simultaneously, it is inserted discharge loop, and after postponing certain hour, repeat said process, make each cell of forming battery pack or the discharge that sub-battery pack all reaches the comparison equilibrium.
2, motive-power battery balanced discharge control method according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: in the discharge process, central processing unit is monitored each cell or sub-battery pack terminal voltage in real time, and carry out respectively judging in real time separately according to the output voltage signal of each cell gathered or sub-battery pack, simultaneously analyze comparison in conjunction with the historical record of battery discharge, judge the relatively poor cell of discharge performance or be sub-battery pack, and send replacement instruction, all the time make a m-1 or m-n cell or sub-battery pack be in discharge condition, other cell or sub-battery pack are in resting state; Cell that is used to replace or sub-battery pack mostly are n most; Reach final discharging voltage if voltage detector has detected n+1 or n+2 cell or sub-battery pack, then send control command, cut off current supply circuit.
3; a kind of cell or sub battery group protection circuit; contain voltage signal output end and signal input end; the signal output part that is connected the voltage detector between described cell or sub-battery pack the two poles of the earth is the voltage signal output end of described protective circuit; it is characterized in that: described cell or sub-battery pack are connected with one it are inserted the electronic switch of discharge loop and one with its electronic switch that disconnects from discharge loop; the former electronic switch is connected in series between the negative pole of anodal and next cell or sub-battery pack of described cell or sub-battery pack; latter's electronic switch is connected between the negative pole of the negative pole of described cell or sub-battery pack and next cell or sub-battery pack, and the signal input end of described protective circuit connects the control end of described electronic switch.
4, cell according to claim 3 or sub battery group protection circuit, it is characterized in that: described voltage detector adopts the cmos voltage detector TC51 of open-drain output, the negative pole of described cell or sub-battery pack connects voltage detector earth terminal Vss, the anodal input Vin that connects voltage detector; Electronic switch adopts field-effect transistor, and the control end of one of them field-effect transistor connects the signal input end of protective circuit, and described signal input end connects the control end of another electronic switch simultaneously by reverser.
5, cell according to claim 3 or sub battery group protection circuit, it is characterized in that: voltage detector adopts comparator, the comparator backward end connects the reference voltage input, comparator is held in the same way and is connected cell or sub-battery voltage signal sample circuit, electronic switch adopts relay, the normally-closed contact of relay be connected in series successively each cell or sub-battery pack, the normally opened contact of relay connects between the negative pole of the negative pole of described cell or sub-battery pack and next cell or sub-battery pack, the signal input end control connection relay drive coil power supply of described protective circuit; Electronic switch or employing large power triode.
6; a kind of motive-power battery balanced discharge control device; contain described cell of claim 3 or sub battery group protection circuit and be the control core treatment circuit with the central processing unit; form each cell of battery pack or voltage detector output that sub-battery pack the two poles of the earth connect respectively directly or connect an I/O input port of central processing unit by A/D converter; it is characterized in that: each cell or the sub-battery pack of forming battery pack are connected in series successively by an electronic switch that makes this cell or sub-battery pack insert discharge loop; simultaneously from first cell or sub-battery pack; between the negative pole of the negative pole of every previous cell or sub-battery pack and next cell or sub-battery pack, be connected with an electronic switch that it is broken from discharge loop in turn; the trigger control end of the former electronic switch connects an I/O output control terminal mouth of central processing unit; the trigger control end of latter's electronic switch connects the trigger control end of the former electronic switch by reverser, and the output of that group electronic switch that the negative pole of first cell or sub-battery pack is connected with last cell or sub-battery anode is the operating voltage output of battery pack.
7, motive-power battery balanced discharge control device according to claim 6, it is characterized in that: described voltage comparator adopts the cmos voltage detector TC51 of open-drain output, central processing unit adopts EM78P458 or H8/38024 single-chip microcomputer, the grounding leg ground connection of EM78P458 or H8/38024, supply pin connects power supply, its input end of clock external clock, the corresponding I/O input of EM78P458 or H8/38024 program setting connects voltage detector output end vo ut respectively, the corresponding I/O output of the program setting of EM78P458 or H8/38024 connect respectively the electronic switch that inserts discharge loop with by the corresponding control end that is connected the electronic switch that disconnects from discharge loop of reverser, the reference voltage input Vref connection TL431 accurate benchmark power generation circuit of EM78P458 or H8/38024.
8, motive-power battery balanced discharge control device according to claim 6, it is characterized in that: voltage detector adopts the cmos voltage detector TC51 of open-drain output, central processing unit adopts 16 single-chip microcomputers of MC16C/62P, battery pack contains 22 cells, 22 voltage detectors of corresponding respectively connection, the output of voltage detector inserts the corresponding I/O input port of MC16C/62P program setting respectively, and the corresponding I/O output port of MC16C/62P program setting connects 22 groups of cells accesses successively and disconnects the switching electronic switch.
9, motive-power battery balanced discharge control device according to claim 6, it is characterized in that: voltage comparator adopts the cmos voltage detector TC51 of open-drain output, central processing unit adopts the STC89C51 single-chip microcomputer, A/D converter adopts ADC0809, the output of voltage detector TC51 connects the respective input mouth of ADC0809, the ADC0809 output connects the corresponding I/O input port of central processing unit STC89C51 respectively, be connected with data latches 74LS373 at ADC0809 and central processing unit STC89C51, the I/O output control connection cell of central processor STC89C51 or sub-battery pack insert and electronic switch is switched in disconnection.
10, according to each described motive-power battery balanced discharge control device of claim 7～9, it is characterized in that: electronic switch adopts relay, two cells or sub-battery pack that the normally-closed contact of relay is connected in series adjacent, the normally opened contact of relay is connected between the negative pole of a cell or sub-battery pack and next cell or sub-battery pack, and the drive circuit that the corresponding I/O output port with central processing unit of the power end of relay control coil is connected connects.
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