CN1945531A - Design method of inter-operation system - Google Patents
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Abstract
This invention belongs to the technical field of computer operating systems, particularly in relation to a design method of the software, which will run interoperability in a single operating system, but at first this software ran in many operating systems. The design method of this invention is a single-core model structure with multi-interfaces, it founds a core service system with coordinate different operating system, which bases on the new invented core; when running apply program, it will distinguish this program belonging to which type of operation system's program according reading the head of file to check the type or format of this file, and then transfer relevant core service, thereby it settle the problem of interoperability of single operation system. The space interoperability system redesigned, reintegrated, redeveloped basing on opening original code, can run the program from Windows and Linux operation system synchronously. The realization of this interoperability technology doesn't only reduce the cost, but also has a better practicability and spread applied worth.
Description
Technical field:
The invention belongs to the computer operating system technical field, especially relate to the application software of moving on the different operating system is carried out interoperability on an operating system method for designing.
Technical background:
The operating system that present computing machine is generally installed is Windows operating system and (SuSE) Linux OS.Although the use of Windows operating system is more general than (SuSE) Linux OS, because (SuSE) Linux OS is the code of increasing income, therefore the application software of developing on (SuSE) Linux OS is more and more, (SuSE) Linux OS is installed is also being increased gradually.Because it is different with the form and the framework of the application software of on Linux, developing in the application software of developing on the Windows, therefore on Windows operating system, can not move the software on the Linux, can not move the application software on the Windows on the same (SuSE) Linux OS.
People wish only to install an operating system in computing machine just can operate in the application software of moving on Windows and the Linux different operating system, and people have done number of research projects for this reason.Because Windows operating system is open source code not, so people place hope in the application software that can move on the (SuSE) Linux OS on the Windows operating system.For this purpose, people have done number of research projects based on (SuSE) Linux OS, the application software that has many developers to attempt on (SuSE) Linux OS operation Windows at present, or developing Windows and Linux operated system mutually.For example: Wine, Ndis Wrapper, KWin32, React OS etc. are not using Windows operating system can move application software on the Windows operating system equally based on different thoughts, and these work have all obtained bigger effect,
Interoperability between present two kinds of most popular operating system Windows and the Linux has become the focus that people pay close attention to.The cooperation of Microsoft and novell, inc. is recently wished can move the Linux application software on the Windows in the future exactly, or can move the Windows application software on the Linux.The research of these two kinds of operating system object interoperability has been promoted the development of inter-operation system research.Because Windows operating system is not increased income, so we can't itself make amendment with the interoperability of realization with the (SuSE) Linux OS object to Windows operating system, thereby the work that can only on (SuSE) Linux OS, make a search, this mentality of designing is simple and quick.But no matter be that linux kernel is made amendment, still on (SuSE) Linux OS, increase the interoperability assembly, all can produce some limitation, and some problem is fatal.For example, the kernel difference of operating system, architecture difference and strange land operating system object all have been subjected to the restriction of origin operation system framework in the solution of the problems such as stability of local operation system environments operation, so be necessary overall architecture and each module of inter-operation system are designed again.The Space inter-operation system that method of the present invention the realizes brand-new inter-operation system that comes to this.Certainly, the Space inter-operation system has also been used for reference the research and development achievement of other some projects of increasing income, these projects of increasing income had both comprised the interoperability assembly, comprised the kernel of the operating system of increasing income again, but the structure of its method for designing and the inter-operation system of realizing is novel.
Wine based on user level just can move some simple Windows programs under the situation that does not relate to kernel, although travelling speed is slower, also unstable, and bigger program (Microsoft word etc.) can not be moved well, but the application software that it just can move on it for the uneasy dress of people Windows operating system has been brought hope.Because the existing problem of Wine, next the developer works hard on linux kernel, has developed Kernel-Win32 based on Wine, is equivalent to a module of operation Windows application software in linux kernel, make operation Windows application software more reasonable, speed is faster.Although Kernel-Win32 can't move the application program of Windows at present preferably, for people provide the good way of thinking and had technology and the scheme that important references is worth.
Present many developers have developed some based on (SuSE) Linux OS and have had the software of commercial value between Wine and Kernel-Win32, for example: some tool software such as Cross Over X are installed in the application software that also can move in the (SuSE) Linux OS on some Windows.The interoperability that these methods realize all is the succession model structure that adopts, this structure is that the kernel with certain operating system is a root, other operating system server is inherited in this kernel, the interfaces such as system call that use its parent node (server or kernel) to provide.In fact all software virtual machines that run on certain platform all are to belong to this model structure.This model structure causes bad, the fluctuation of service of interoperability function that is realized to deficiency and efficiency that different operating system exists the kernel state process to support.Operational efficiency is not high although this model structure exists, poor stability, and the achievement of working and obtaining is still very valuable and practical significance.
React OS more meaningfully, it is the operating system with compatible kernel of open source code, this operating system attempts the application software of Linux and Windows can both be moved.Because React OS is the operating system of having write the compatible kernel of a cover with the C language again, be equivalent to Linux and add two operating systems of Windows, so the construction cycle is long, reaches commercial degree and also is difficult to.Zhejiang University Wangxin Technology Co., Ltd's investment of China and the compatible kernel of presiding over of the project of increasing income Linux are that the kernel of Linux is made amendment, and mainly are to add some Windows kernel state operating mechanisms in linux kernel, to realize an interoperability kernel.The interoperability that the method for this modification kernel realizes is the high cohesion model structure that adopts, and this model structure can reasonablely be finished the kernel state function of different operating system, also can obtain comparing higher running efficiency to the scheduling and the operation of user's attitude process.Interrupt because kernel can directly be handled CPU, read-write I/O port is so can there be reasonable support to the driver of different operating system.The weak point of this model structure is: when the kernel services of carrying out different operating system was a lot, the kernel of inter-operation system was too huge sometimes; And the service of some operating system should not realize in kernel that this can limit the function of inter-operation system greatly, therefore is difficult to inter-operation system is accomplished practicability.At present worldwide there are a lot of developers to utilize different modes, method to develop the inter-operation system that some are increased income, make it can move application software under the Windows environment.But these people are the free developers who disperses, and strength is not concentrated, and is difficult to the formation scale.
Can not move the obtained achievement of application software on the Windows for not using at present Windows operating system yet, I have carried out attempting one by one, find that these application software are installed on the (SuSE) Linux OS, only can move some little Windows application software and some simple Windows Games Softwares.For bigger application software for example: the Office of Microsoft and Photoshop etc. are not that can not move be exactly that travelling speed is very slow, can't reach practical degree.
Summary of the invention
Problem at the existing interoperability deficiency of present computer operations system, on the basis of existing achievement in research, through serious analysis and research,, designed and Implemented a new method for solving the interoperability of operating system---many interfaces list kernel model structure.Promptly move application program on the different operating system alternately by what single kernel realized that service module with different operating system carries out multi-process.
The technical scheme that the present invention takes is: the method for designing of inter-operation system, its technical characterstic are to have invented many interfaces list kernel model structure, on the kernel basis of development newly, set up Linux and Windows kernel services mechanism arranged side by side; When running application,, check that it is application program on which kind of operating system that the type of this document or form are distinguished this application program, calls corresponding kernel services then earlier according to reading file header.Utilize the method for designing of this invention, inter-operation system based on the code redesign of increasing income, integrated, exploitation new frame structure, can move the application software on Windows and the (SuSE) Linux OS preferably, this method is to solve the gordian technique that the single operation system carries out the interoperability problem.
The kernel of Linux has open source code, so the kernel services module of Linux solves easily.Because the Windows operating system nucleus is underground, therefore the realization for the kernel services module of Windows has been not a nothing the matter just.Yet in order to promote and use Windows operating system better, wish that people develop more applications software on Windows, therefore actively provide interface for the developing Windows application software, utilize the interface of these Windows operating systems, can create kernel services mechanism equally with developing Windows.Although realize that based on Windows operating system inter-operation system is impossible, the system call of 248 routines of Windows operating system and 639 graphical interfaces (GUI) system call etc. are a series of to be the interface of developing Windows application program but utilize, can realize Windows kernel services module well, under the support of inter-operation system kernel newly developed, can move the Windows application software well equally.
The project Wine of increasing income utilizes Windows for developing the interface that its application program provides, based on the application software of (SuSE) Linux OS operation Windows.The unfavorable reason of the interoperability that Wine realized mainly is the interface that utilizes Windows operating system to be provided merely, and is based upon on the kernel of (SuSE) Linux OS, rather than Windows and Linux is taked the method for parallel construction.Because the method for designing that the interoperability that Wine realizes is taked is to inherit model structure, therefore cause its when the bigger Windows application software of operation and (SuSE) Linux OS clash, make and utilize Wine can not move the Windows application software well on the (SuSE) Linux OS.Using for reference forefathers' working experience and existing working foundations in this respect such as Wine, NDIS Wrapper, KWin32, React OS, through experiment and exploitation for many years, started new method for designing, invent a kind of operating system of new construction, and realized the interoperability of application software on the different operating system preferably.
In fact, modern operating system (as Windows and Linux) because its timesharing, share, asynchronous characteristic makes and realizes between operating system that interoperability becomes very complicated.An inter-operation system will realize that the interoperability of different operating system object need solve following problem:
The first, the architecture that inter-operation system adopts.
The second, for different application provides running environment on inter-operation system.
The 3rd, in inter-operation system, provide support for kernel process and driver in the different operating system.
The 4th, the design inter-operation system is supported process, thread management mechanism and the memory management mechanism in the different operating system.
The 5th, design document system and database engine are to realize file and the data interoperation in the different operating system.
The 6th, distinctive mechanism is well supported in inter-operation system in the different operating system.
The 7th, guarantee operational efficiency and the stability of different operating system object in inter-operation system.
The problems referred to above all solve at present, wherein the technology of most critical is the architecture that first problem inter-operation system adopts, promptly adopt what kind of method for designing to realize inter-operation system, it is the content of this invention, therefore should invention mainly set forth the method for designing of inter-operation system, other guide is only mentioned as auxiliary content.This inventive method is many interfaces list kernel model structure, is different from present existing succession model structure and high cohesion model structure.This method is on the basis of the characteristics of research different operating system, at first designs inter-operation system framework and each module of a compatible different operating system, and then realizes respectively, develops a new inter-operation system again.And existing inter-operation system method for designing is to make amendment on the basis of existing operating system, or increases some interoperability assemblies, makes existing operating system can operate object on the different operating system.Because the interoperability that existing method realizes is undesirable, just study and improve, through continuous effort, invented out a kind of new construction design method, and the interoperability effect of utilizing this method to realize is fine.
What the inter-operation system that this neoteric method realized was different with present operating system is when application software is carried out, at first the application program of Windows or Linux form is distinguished according to the file header of executable file by consumer process service layer, calls corresponding system call then respectively.Before calling the inter-operation system kernel of this new design structure, be introduced into kernel services, the kernel services that the application call of different-format is different.The inter-operation system kernel that this new method realizes is that different kernel services has been offered different processes, and provide consistent kernel services interface to Windows Kernel-Server and Linux Kernel-Server, solve the problem that peripherals operation unification is handled simultaneously.
The actual beneficial effect of the present invention is: 1, inter-operation system has not only effectively promoted the compatibility between different system and the equipment, and has saved the cost of migration of programs, resource migration and technology migration; 2, be very easy to the use of user, an operating system only be installed just can move application software on two or more operating systems computing machine; 3, reduce use cost, do not need to install Windows operating system and just can move the Windows application software, avoided the pirate and infringement of operating system.
Description of drawings
(a is for inheriting model structure for the different designs method block diagram of Fig. 1 inter-operation system; B is the high cohesion model structure; C is many interfaces list kernel model structure of this invention).
The Space inter-operation system design frame chart of Fig. 2 specific implementation.
Fig. 3 application program system call flow block diagram.
The snapshot of the Photoshop application software that Fig. 4 moves on the Windows that moves simultaneously on the Space inter-operation system and Word on the Linux different operating system and Windows.
The player snapshot that Fig. 5 moves on web browser that moves on the IE that moves simultaneously on the Space inter-operation system and two kinds of operating systems of Firefox and (SuSE) Linux OS.
Embodiment
The invention will be further described with concrete embodiment below in conjunction with accompanying drawing.
Inter-operation system is by certain architectural framework and interoperability mechanism, the resource and the executable module that originally belong in two or more operating systems can be visited mutually, and can cooperate mutually where necessary and finish some function operations system.The inter-operation system of the inventive method specific implementation is called the Space inter-operation system at this, is called for short Space, so that set forth and understanding.
Why the Space inter-operation system that utilizes this invention to realize can move the application program on Windows and the Linux well, mainly be work and the acquired achievement that serious analysis, research forefathers are done in this regard, find that the key that solves the interoperability problem is interoperability structure Design method, and sum up the method for designing of being taked at present belong to two classes aspect interoperability: a class is to inherit model structure, shown in Fig. 1 (a); Another kind of is the high cohesion model structure, shown in Fig. 1 (b).Because all there is certain defective in these two kinds of methods aspect interoperability, therefore changed the research thinking, invented the method for designing of many interfaces list kernel model structure, shown in Fig. 1 (c).
In the specific implementation, design the framed structure of Space inter-operation system based on the method for designing of many interfaces list kernel model structure, Space overall design framed structure as shown in Figure 2.This structural drawing is a Space inter-operation system one-piece construction, and wherein the process interaction of kernel and X Server is monitor system components for service of three dimensional window interface and management, does not have direct relation with interoperability.The realization of Space interoperability mainly is Space kernel and Windows kernel services and two kernel services processes arranged side by side of linux kernel service, its method for designing is to develop the kernel services module of different operating system according to new design, kernel integrated, exploitation, and different kernel services modules is equal to side by side treats.Be not based on existing certain operating system, make up the interoperability that the kernel services of another operating system realizes, and be based on the kernel services that a new kernel makes up different operating system simultaneously.Between user's general process and system call, increased consumer process service layer, this be at present other operating systems do not have, also unwanted function, be mainly used in the application program of distinguishing on the different operating system, thereby realize the different system kernel service of system call.Many interfaces single model structure Design method that Here it is should invent.
Utilize in the Space inter-operation system that this inventive method realizes, at first create the initial execution environment of process and finish by exec ().Specifically, following work is finished in the exec system call:
(1) analysis path name and visit executable file;
(2) the checking user has the authority of carrying out this document;
(3) read file header, check the type or the form of this document;
(4) parameter and the environmental variance with exec copies to kernel spacing;
(5) release is held next whole user's spaces from the parent process relaying;
(6) be default action with all signal Processing function setup;
(7) original opened file is handled;
(8) determine the authority that process has when beginning to carry out new object code;
(9) according to the form of executable file, create new address space;
(10) set up user's attitude storehouse, parameter and environmental variance are copied to new user stack;
(11) initiating hardware context.Most of registers are set to 0, and the program pointer counter points to the program entry point, and the stack pointer counter points to new user's attitude storehouse.
For the dynamic link file, kernel also will be created address space for the dynamic link library interpretive routine of correspondence except being that executable file itself is created address space; When setting up user's attitude storehouse, also in storehouse, add the needed information of dynamic link library interpretive routine; At last, the program pointer counter is set to point to the inlet of dynamic link library interpretive routine.Thereby, after system turns back to user's space, will at first carry out the dynamic link library interpretive routine, finish after the loading work of dynamic base, give application program with control again.
For the application program on the different operating system, the Space inter-operation system at first will be discerned its form, obtains essential information from file, for it sets up user's space; In addition, application program obtains some information from user's attitude storehouse in the process of carrying out, and the Space inter-operation system is created user's attitude storehouse according to the mode of different operating system for its application program.Consumer process service layer among Fig. 2 is the module that common operating system does not have, and the content of this module is exactly in the process of creating the original execution environment file layout to be discerned and the foundation of user's attitude storehouse.
Identification to file is to realize that according to the head of file destination it is an ELF head (ELFHeader) that file destination begins the place, is used for describing the tissue of whole file.Wherein, joint district part comprises the bulk information that links view: instruction, data, symbol table, relocation information or the like.The PE file layout is organized as the data stream of a linearity, and it is begun by a MS-DOS head, and then being one is remaining and PE file mark of program of pattern, and then PE file header and optional head after this.After these is all paragraph header portions, is following all section entities after the paragraph header portion.The end of file is some other zone, wherein is some information that mix, and comprises heavy assignment information, symbol table information, row information and string table data.
No matter be Linux or Windows, in the directory entry of file system, all do not have explanation, represent so the actual content in front that can only take at file adds the method for head portion about file layout or file type.Wherein, the ELF structure is the header data structure of the ELF form map of Linux; The macho structure is at MACH operating system; And mz is the one-level head of DOS and Windows form.At first the read/write pointer of file destination is pointed to the beginning of file in the consumer process service layer block code by the SetFilePointer () of lseek (), read by the size of Union in the binary_ypeMODULE_GetBinaryType function again, just can file destination be distinguished, and then carry out corresponding different system and call according to the head of several heads, particularly Linux and Windows.
The Space inter-operation system mainly provides service by system call to application program, send system call and be one relevant with machine hardware, than the process of bottom.Therefore, application program can directly not sent system call usually, but serves to the built-in function request by API.For the service that needs operating system nucleus to support, i.e. system call is finished under the support of kernel.The service level that the whole operation system provides to application program as shown in Figure 3.
In the structure of the service level of Fig. 3, realized different operating system kernel services (the K-Server module of Windows Fig. 2 and Linux) from two aspects.On the one hand, in Space inter-operation system kernel, make an amendment, make the services request of Space kernel understanding, thereby realization is mutual with the application program on the different operating system from different application; On the other hand, start with, the employed built-in function of the application program on the different operating system is transformed, make it understand service and method of service that the Space kernel provides from built-in function itself.When the application program on the different operating system was loaded, the differentiation of the top of file by this program made it be associated with this system call interfaces; Realize system call at the Space operating system nucleus at the system call interfaces of the application program of different operating system and different operating system, system call service processes is wherein realized on the different operating system kernel services.When the application program on the different operating system is moved, still be linked to original relative operation system function library on the Space inter-operation system.Space adopts be application program on the different operating system by different service modules and the mutual system call strategy of kernel, move various application programs.Between Space kernel and application program, added service layer at application program on the different operating system, shining upon alternately, changing between this service layer's application programs and the Space kernel, and provide the software administration mechanism of different operating system itself, thereby realized the operation of the application program on the different operating system on Space.
The K-Server kernel services module of Windows among Fig. 2 and Linux loads, selects 3 parts such as kernel support mode, Windows/Linux program process and Space kernel interactive module to form by application program.When application program after identification that the identification and the load-on module of consumer process service layer are finished application programs and loading, the kernel services module is that application program is opened special local kernel services passage, and sets up the original execution environment; Program process and Space kernel interactive module are finished the system call of application program to kernel, and function transplantings such as Object Operations, file operation, process scheduling, Semaphore Mechanism are come to local Space system kernel.
In the design of Linux service module (Linux K-Server), the mainly file system that provides by service layer and Space kernel, management of process, software administration, system call, loadable module etc.As the supporting mechanism of Linux process, the Linux service module not only provides the linux system calling interface between application program and the Space kernel, but also provides the foundation of communication pipe to wait other kernel state function.
At the complicacy of Windows operating system object, the service module of window application (Windows K-Server) has increased figure, image and window display module, The Component Object Model support module, Direct X support module and multimedia equipment drive chain connection module.The Windows service module is more than Linux service module complexity, and the function that it provides has following seven aspects:
One, in order to support Dos (.COM/.EXE), Win16 (NE) and Win32 executable file formats such as (PE), the Windows service module has been realized the identification and the loading of the Windows executable file format of different editions, and has defined contents such as the employed address space of different file layouts, API set, CPU authority level and thread support mode respectively.
Two, in order to support different Windows architectures, the Windows service module provides Windows9x and the different running environment of WindowsNT two classes, certainly, the module that this two classes running environment realizes semantically can intersected to some extent, so in service module, Space has adopted both service modes of unification, and controls by the Windows architecture that the switching variable application programs is used.
Three, the Windows service module provides abundant dynamic link library, and has realized required system call.
Four, for graph image support and window services are provided to window application, Space is moved to the system call of a part of graphic presentation and processing in the kernel, and adopted double buffering interface supply routine call, the Windows service module has been realized and the communicating by letter of X Server, and improved refresh rate and graphic presentation effect.
Five, the Windows service module provides the calling interface and the DLL (dynamic link library) of The Component Object Model (COM), and this makes the user not only can operate COM under Space, also can develop COM.
Six, in order to make window application use other peripherals, the Windows service module has been realized Space kernel function call interface.Like this, the driver of Space system and Linux driver can be used by window application.In addition, in this way, Space can also be provided for the data engine function of data access to window application.
Seven, the Windows service module provides a virtual Windows file system, a windows registry and needed window application management tool, has increased stability and ease for use that application program is moved in the Space system.
By research to relevant object mechanism, Semaphore Mechanism, file operation and management of process etc. of relevant application program operation, utilize the Space inter-operation system of the method for designing realization of this invention, application software on not only can fine operation (SuSE) Linux OS, and the application software on the installation and operation Windows operating system well simultaneously, comprising: the IE web browser; Microsoft Office 2003 complete or collected works; Microsoft Studio.net; Adobe Photoshop 7.0 office softwares such as grade and developing instrument etc.As Fig. 4 for moving the actual snapshot of the Open Office Word software that moves on the application software moved on these Windows operating systems of Microsoft Word and Adobe Photoshop and the (SuSE) Linux OS simultaneously.Fig. 5 is for moving the actual snapshot of the IE network browser application software that moves on DVD player on the (SuSE) Linux OS and Fire fox web browser and the Windows operating system simultaneously.
The Space inter-operation system that utilizes the method for designing of this invention to realize is installed in CPU and is 1.7GHz; In save as and carry out actual test on the computing machine of 512M, use, nearly 16 different application software on Windows and the (SuSE) Linux OS are comprised that recreation waits start operation simultaneously, can normally move, not occur crashing and the undesired situation about slowing down of travelling speed.Utilize this invention design, Space inter-operation system integrated, exploitation can reach the excellent practical application degree at present.
Current, along with the continuous development of computer industry, interoperability has become the research field of the supreme arrogance of a person with great power of industries such as communication, computing machine, device fabrication.Because the monopolization that interoperability can be broken the single operation system will actively promote development of computer.This shows that bridging technology has not only been saved cost, and have better practicality and popularizing application prospect, and can bring huge economic benefit.
Claims (5)
1, the method for designing of inter-operation system, it is the method for designing that on an operating system, can move different-format application software on two or more operating systems simultaneously, it is characterized in that: many interfaces list kernel model structure, to having the consumer process service layer module of distinguishing different application, serve the different operating system kernel services module of setting up side by side on the inter-operation system kernel from general user's process of application program through different system calls.
2, the method for designing of inter-operation system according to claim 1 is characterized in that: consumer process service layer module is led to corresponding system call respectively after according to top of file file being distinguished.
3, the method for designing of inter-operation system according to claim 1 is characterized in that: the kernel services module loads, selects three parts such as kernel support mode, program process and inter-operation system kernel interactive module to form by application program.
4, according to the method for designing of claim 1 and the described inter-operation system of claim 3, it is characterized in that: the kernel services module is that application program is opened special local kernel services passage, and sets up the original execution environment; Program process and inter-operation system kernel interactive module are finished the system call of application program to kernel, and with function transplantings such as Object Operations, file operation, process scheduling, Semaphore Mechanism in the inter-operation system kernel.
5, the method for designing of inter-operation system according to claim 1 is characterized in that: the process of setting up two or more different operating system kernel services on an inter-operation system kernel.
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| CN102073532A (en) * | 2010-12-29 | 2011-05-25 | 浙大网新科技股份有限公司 | Method for realizing Windows system call simulation mechanism in Linux kernel |
| CN101221516B (en) * | 2008-01-18 | 2011-06-29 | 清华大学 | Interface seamless integration method and system across operating system platform |
| CN103488466A (en) * | 2012-06-11 | 2014-01-01 | 联想(北京)有限公司 | Method and device for executing application program |
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| CN101221516B (en) * | 2008-01-18 | 2011-06-29 | 清华大学 | Interface seamless integration method and system across operating system platform |
| CN102073532A (en) * | 2010-12-29 | 2011-05-25 | 浙大网新科技股份有限公司 | Method for realizing Windows system call simulation mechanism in Linux kernel |
| CN103488466A (en) * | 2012-06-11 | 2014-01-01 | 联想(北京)有限公司 | Method and device for executing application program |
| CN103488466B (en) * | 2012-06-11 | 2017-02-08 | 联想(北京)有限公司 | Method and device for executing application program |
| CN105279015A (en) * | 2014-05-29 | 2016-01-27 | 黑莓有限公司 | System and method for coordinating process and memory management across domains |
| CN104462743A (en) * | 2014-09-25 | 2015-03-25 | 刘金刚 | Relative standard method |
| CN105786547A (en) * | 2014-12-26 | 2016-07-20 | 中兴通讯股份有限公司 | Operation system restarting method and apparatus |
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