CN1945322A - Method for detecting property degradation of concrete after high temperature action - Google Patents
Method for detecting property degradation of concrete after high temperature action Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The method of detecting performance degradation of concrete after high temperature action includes the following steps: 1. embedding temperature measuring element inside steel concrete before curing the concrete test piece, and pre-curing in constant temperature and constant humidity room one week ahead; and 2. testing the performance degradation through serial testing on internal temperature field change, physical and mechanical performance after high temperature action, ultrasonic detection and cracking status under the action of stable heat source at 795-805 deg.c and by adopting the time reaching steel concrete temperature of 250deg.c as the fire endurance. The present invention is simple and feasible, and has comprehensive testing and high accuracy.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the method for testing of property degradation of concrete after high temperature action, belong to building material field.
Background technology
Concrete material is easy to owing to it is raw-material obtain and cheapness, the convenience of construction, and better physical mechanical property and permanance, thereby in nearest more than 100 years history, be widely used in building engineering field as main building structural materials.
But find that the series of physical chemical change has taken place the concrete self structure behind the high temperature action in building fire and relevant concrete hot test, this has caused concrete bearing load ability drop and distortion.In addition, be surging forward in recent years and alternative conventional concrete is used for the high-strength high-performance concrete of building engineering field, when the experience high temperature action, produce explosion owing to possess closely knit micromechanism.For example, the fire that Great Britain and France's seabed tunnel takes place causes the explosion of inner surface of tunnel high-strength concrete, has caused the large-area affected area in tunnel.
The prior art data shows that performance test methods comprises two kinds behind the concrete high temperature at present, and its concrete condition is as described below:
First kind of method of testing places firing equipment with concrete sample, after being warming up to target temperature from room temperature with constant rate of speed, be incubated the some time again, then test block is placed the firing equipment natural cooling, or concrete sample placed the air natural cooling, or concrete sample placed water in air cooling, carry out tests such as physical and mechanical property then.The shortcoming that this method exists is that its heating temperature and heated time depend primarily on forefathers' experience and subjective requirement, does not specifically test at existing tested object, lacks rational basis.Secondly, this method is studied the failure mechanism of concrete material merely, does not pay attention to the problem that reinforcing bar high temperature destroys in the concrete works practical application.At last, there is defective in this method of testing on temperature increasing schedule, and its synoptic diagram is seen Fig. 1.As shown in Figure 1, different target temperature needed asynchronism(-nization) in temperature-rise period.For example, target temperature is 100 ℃, and when 300 ℃ and 600 ℃, it is 2h that its target is subjected to the fire time, and the heating-up time is respectively 20min, 60min and 120min.For target temperature is 100 ℃, and it is actual, and to be subjected to the fire time be 2h20min, is not that target is subjected to fire time 2h; For the test specimen under the different temperatures, it stands high temperature action actually is subjected to fiery asynchronism(-nization) and does not have comparability.
Second kind of method of testing adopts special design high temperature oil burner, carries out the high temperature experiment according to iso standard curve (see figure 2), is incubated the some time after reaching target temperature.Then test block is placed the firing equipment natural cooling, or concrete sample is placed the air natural cooling, or concrete sample is placed the water in air cooling, carry out tests such as physical and mechanical property then.The shortcoming that this method exists need to be the according to the ISO standard firing equipment of curve of special design and fabrication, has increased equipment investment, is unfavorable for promoting; Secondly, this method also exists heating temperature and heated time to lack rational basis and ignores the problem that reinforcing bar high temperature destroys in the concrete works practical application.
Aspect performance testing index, the testing concrete performance index was more single after the prior art data showed existing method of testing high temperature, concrete physical and mechanical property aspect behind high temperature focuses mostly on, concrete is not carried out full test, thereby can not more in depth reflect the degree of impairment of performance behind the concrete high temperature in conjunction with concrete sample internal temperature rate variation in the Dynamic Non-Destruction Measurement of the physical phenomenon of concrete sample before and after concrete fire endurance, the high temperature, concrete sample and the temperature-rise period.
Existing standard " building element fire testing method " (GB/T 9978-1999) has at length defined the fire endurance of load-bearing such as building element Zhong Qiang, beam, post, floor, furred ceiling and roof and nonload bearing element comprehensively, and fire testing device, test condition, test specimen required to have made clearly regulation with test routine.It is applicable to load-bearing and nonload bearing elements such as wall, beam, post, floor, furred ceiling and roof, but other member, accessory or structure adopting by reference; And when carrying out fire testing, test specimen should be identical with the actual operating position of this test specimen.This standard is divided into nonload bearing element and supporting member to building element, estimates fire endurance from fire stability, fire integrity, three aspects of fire insulation, and respectively these two kinds of members is adopted different evaluation indexes.GB9978-1999 is to the requirement height of test unit and equipment, and the common laboratory condition does not reach the fire endurance testing requirements, therefore is unfavorable for the popularization of this standard in scientific research and engineering application.In addition, GB/T 9978-1999 testing expenses are expensive, and can be limited according to the unit that this standard is tested, and increased the difficulty of test coefficient.
Existing method of testing exists concrete high-temperature heating temperature increasing schedule to lack rational basis, and performance testing index is single, does not interrelate the requirement height of test unit and equipment, the defective that testing expense is expensive with the concrete works practical application.China patent documentation relevant with the property degradation of concrete after high temperature action method of testing do not found by retrieval.
Summary of the invention
The object of the present invention is to provide a kind of simple and easy to do, the test comprehensive property degradation of concrete after high temperature action method of testing.
To achieve these goals, technical scheme of the present invention is: a kind of method of testing of property degradation of concrete after high temperature action is characterized in that it comprises the steps:
1). the preparation of concrete sample: a. concrete sample moulding: choose the concrete raw material of required test, make concrete sample, during concrete formation in advance in concrete the thickness of protection tier place bury temperature element underground; B. concrete sample maintenance: will bury the concrete sample maintenance 90 days of temperature element in advance underground; C. precuring before the high temperature: all concrete samples are before reaching curing age and testing, carrying and placing temperature the last week is 18-22 ℃ (the best is 20 ℃), relative humidity is maintenance in the thermostatic constant wet chamber of 55-65% (the best is 60%), avoid concrete sample explosion at high temperature owing to the external environment condition humidity effect, cause deviation to the test of concrete material self performance, in addition, unified external environment condition helps the comparison of performance behind the different proportioning concrete high temperature;
2). the performance test of concrete sample: a. concrete sample fire endurance and temperature field are measured: the target setting temperature field is 795-805 ℃ (the best is 800 ℃), after reaching the target temperature field, preprepared concrete sample taken out from the thermostatic constant wet chamber of step 1) place the target temperature field, beginning to touch the target temperature field from concrete sample picks up counting, time so that thickness of protection tier place temperature reaches 250 ℃ in the concrete is defined as fire endurance, carries out the test (this measurement can be adopted automatic method or manual method) of fire endurance and internal temperature rate of change;
B. physical and mechanical property: the target setting temperature field is 795-805 ℃ (the best is 800 ℃), after reaching 795-805 ℃ of (the best is 800 ℃) target temperature field, ready concrete sample taken out from the thermostatic constant wet chamber of step 1) place the target temperature field, after concrete sample reaches fire endurance, with being transferred to temperature rapidly after the concrete sample taking-up is 18-22 ℃ (the best is 20 ℃), relative humidity is in the thermostatic constant wet chamber of 55-65% (the best is 60%), places the compressive strength of measuring concrete sample behind the 24h of thermostatic constant wet chamber, rupture strength, elastic modulus;
C. the ultrasound wave of concrete sample and explosion Tachistoscope (see Table 4 and table 5): in temperature is that 18-22 ℃ of (the best is 20 ℃), relative humidity are in the thermostatic constant wet chamber of 55-65% (the best is 60%), adopts ultrasonic wave detector determination step 1) carry the velocity of wave, frequency and the amplitude that are preset in concrete sample in this environment the last week; The target setting temperature field is 795-805 ℃, after reaching the target temperature field, ready concrete sample taken out from the thermostatic constant wet chamber of step 1) place the target temperature field, after concrete sample reaches fire endurance, it is that 18-22 ℃, relative humidity are that 24h cools off in the thermostatic constant wet chamber of 55-65% that taking-up places temperature, adopts ultrasonic wave detector to measure velocity of wave, frequency and the amplitude of concrete sample; Measure concrete sample and enter concrete sample quality before and after the 795-805 ℃ of high-temperature targets temperature field, the calculated mass loss; The statistics concrete sample enters the damaged quantity of concrete sample behind the 795-805 ℃ of high-temperature targets temperature field, measures the explosion area and the explosion degree of depth that concrete sample enters concrete sample behind the 795-805 ℃ of high-temperature targets temperature field.
Step 2) manual method is adopted in the described test of carrying out fire endurance and internal temperature rate of change, from timing zero point, adopt potential difference meter or temperature control instrument manual read to fetch data, every 1min record temperature variation once, near 800 ℃, temperature variation hour is ended (every 5min heating rate is less than 1 ℃) until the test specimen internal temperature.
Step 2) automatic method is adopted in the described test of carrying out fire endurance and internal temperature rate of change, adopt concrete high temperature action fire endurance test expert system, this system is made up of computing machine, data acquisition equipment and coding etc., automatically the technology that detects of method is correcting measuring system at first, guarantees system's operate as normal; Secondly the concrete sample that will bury temperature element in advance underground is connected with data acquisition equipment, gathers the initial temperature of concrete sample, after beginning during tester, under the control of setting program, system will be automatically according to setting the step-length image data, and when reaching fire endurance, system indicator is bright; When reaching fire endurance, program will remind the user whether to reset step-length to carry out following temperature field is measured and the temperature field terminal point produces condition with the record change of temperature field.
The present invention is stablizing under the thermal source condition, and the time so that thickness of protection tier place temperature reaches 250 ℃ in the concrete is defined as fire endurance, and this fire endurance guarantees in concrete that thickness of protection tier place reinforcing bar conspicuousness does not take place destroys.Be benchmark with this fire endurance then, according to a series of test indexs, when testing different proportioning concrete and reaching fire endurance, the deterioration condition of its performance.
1. fire endurance: the modeling effort concrete material stands high temperature of fire and does the time spent; the opposing high temperature damage mechanisms; guarantee that thickness of protection tier place reinforcing bar does not take place by the significantly time of destruction in the concrete; be under the condition of 795-805 ℃ (the best is 800 ℃) promptly at target temperature, the time when thickness of protection tier place temperature reaches 250 ℃ in the concrete.
(1) target temperature is definite foundation of 795-805 ℃ (the best is 800 ℃):
A) .795-805 ℃ (the best is 800 ℃) contained concrete nearly all physicochemical change under high temperature action, and comprising: the dehydration of free evaporation of water and entringite is decomposed about 100 ℃; 100 ℃～400 ℃, the escaping and the explosion of concrete sample of part planar water, water of crystallization; 400 ℃～800 ℃, Ca (OH)
2With the effusion of the decomposition of C-S-H gel, a large amount of planar water and water of crystallization, Si0 in the aggregate 573 ℃ the time
2The α type that takes place changes the volumetric expansion of β type generation, the variations such as a large amount of decomposition of carbonate into.
B). when surpassing 795-805 ℃, the concrete material damage is serious, and performance is not easy to judge and determines.
C) .795-805 ℃ of steady temperature field can reduce the requirement to equipment.
(2) time so that thickness of protection tier place temperature reaches 250 ℃ in the concrete is defined as the foundation of fire endurance:
A) .250 ℃ the time, the tensile strength of steel and elastic modulus are about 80% under the room temperature, and when heating temperature was reduced to room temperature, the intensity of steel and elastic modulus can recover.
B). it is minimum under the condition of 25mm that Holland's " TNO 98-CVB-R1161 tunnel fire proofing " and TNO testing standard " tunnel fire proofing method of testing " are defined in concrete coating thickness, and the surface temperature of reinforcing steel bar should be above 250 ℃; Germany's " RABT tunnel facility and operation criterion " regulation said temperature is 300 ℃.
2. other performance testing index:
(1) physical and mechanical property of concrete sample: compressive strength behind the high temperature; Rupture strength behind the high temperature; Elastic modulus behind the high temperature.
(2) the explosion degree of concrete sample: test specimen mass loss before and after the high temperature; Damaged quantity, explosion area and the explosion degree of depth of test specimen before and after the high temperature.
(3) ultrasound examination of concrete sample: the variation of the velocity of sound; The variation of wave amplitude; The variation of frequency.
(4) thickness of protection tier place rate temperature change in the concrete.
Compare with method with existing testing standard, characteristics of the present invention are:
The first, concrete nearly all physicochemical change under high temperature action has been contained in the selection of target temperature of the present invention field.In addition, after having avoided surpassing this temperature, the concrete material damage is serious, the shortcoming that performance is not easy to judge.
The second, the present invention is defined as fire endurance the time so that thickness of protection tier place temperature reaches 250 ℃ in the concrete, has considered the needs of concrete structure engineering aspect.
The 3rd, the present invention is a benchmark with the fire endurance of concrete sample, when testing different proportioning concrete and reach fire endurance according to a series of test indexs, the deterioration condition of its performance, avoided existing method of testing heating temperature and heated time to depend primarily on forefathers' experience and subjective requirement, specifically do not test, lack rational basis and the defective on temperature increasing schedule at existing tested object
The 4th, the present invention is by concrete sample fire endurance and temperature field test, physical and mechanical property, concrete sample explosion degree and ultrasound examination to high temperature after the variation of concrete performance carried out comprehensive test, help reflecting from many aspects the degree of impairment of concrete sample.
The 5th, the present invention to equipment require little, simple and easy to do.In addition, adopt concrete high temperature action fire endurance test expert system can realize to the online detection simultaneously of a plurality of tested objects, reliable test result, precision height.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the temperature schedule synoptic diagram of existing first kind of method of testing
Fig. 2 is the iso standard time-thetagram of existing second kind of method of testing
Fig. 3 is the process flow diagram that the present invention carries out the property degradation of concrete after high temperature action test.
Embodiment
In order to understand the present invention better, further illustrate content of the present invention below in conjunction with Fig. 3, embodiment, but content of the present invention not only is confined to the following examples.Three kinds of proportioning concrete (seeing Table 1), wherein specimen coding 1 is a normal concrete, and specimen coding 2 has been mixed 25% breeze, and specimen coding 3 has been mixed 20% flyash.
A kind of method of testing of property degradation of concrete after high temperature action, it comprises the steps:
1). the preparation of concrete sample: a. concrete sample moulding: three kinds of proportionings choosing required survey are tried concrete raw material (seeing Table 1), make three kinds of concrete samples, during three kinds of concrete formations respectively in advance in concrete the thickness of protection tier place bury temperature element underground; B. concrete sample maintenance: will bury three kinds of concrete sample maintenances 90 days of temperature element in advance underground; C. precuring before the high temperature: all concrete samples are before reaching curing age and testing, carrying and placing temperature the last week is the thermostatic constant wet chamber's maintenance for (60 ± 5) % of (20 ± 2) ℃, relative humidity, avoid concrete sample explosion at high temperature owing to the external environment condition humidity effect, cause deviation to the test of concrete material self performance, in addition, unified external environment condition helps the comparison of performance behind the different proportioning concrete high temperature;
2). the performance test of concrete sample:
A. (seeing Table 2) measured in concrete sample fire endurance and temperature field: the target setting temperature field is (800 ± 5) ℃, after reaching (800 ± 5) ℃ target temperature field, preprepared concrete sample taken out from the thermostatic constant wet chamber of step 1) place the target temperature field, beginning to touch the target temperature field from concrete sample picks up counting, time so that thickness of protection tier place temperature reaches 250 ℃ in the concrete is defined as fire endurance, carries out the test (this measurement can be adopted automatic method or manual method) of fire endurance and internal temperature field; Adopt manual method, from timing zero point, adopt potential difference meter or temperature control instrument manual read to fetch data, every 1min record temperature variation once, near 800 ℃, temperature variation hour is ended (every 5min heating rate is less than 1 ℃) until the test specimen internal temperature;
B. according to the test result calculations thickness of protection tier place rate temperature change (seeing Table 2) of internal temperature field in the concrete among the step a.
C. physical and mechanical property (seeing Table 3): the target setting temperature field is (800 ± 5) ℃, after reaching the target temperature field, ready concrete sample taken out from the thermostatic constant wet chamber of step 1) place the target temperature field, after reaching fire endurance, be transferred to rapidly after concrete sample taken out temperature for (20 ± 2) ℃, relative humidity in the thermostatic constant wet chamber of (60 ± 5) %, place compressive strength, rupture strength, the elastic modulus of measuring concrete sample behind the 24h of thermostatic constant wet chamber;
D. the ultrasound wave of concrete sample and explosion Tachistoscope (see Table 4 and table 5): the ultrasound wave of concrete sample and explosion Tachistoscope (see Table 4 and table 5): temperature for (20 ± 2) ℃, relative humidity in the thermostatic constant wet chamber of (60 ± 5) %, adopt ultrasonic wave detector determination step 1) carry the velocity of wave, frequency and the amplitude that are preset in concrete sample in this environment the last week; The target setting temperature field is (800 ± 5) ℃, after reaching the target temperature field, ready concrete sample taken out from the thermostatic constant wet chamber of step 1) place the target temperature field, after concrete sample reaches fire endurance, it is that (20 ± 2) ℃, relative humidity are cooled off 24h for the thermostatic constant wet chamber of (60 ± 5) % that taking-up places temperature, adopts ultrasonic wave detector to measure velocity of wave, frequency and the amplitude of concrete sample; Measure concrete sample and enter concrete sample quality (in thermostatic constant wet chamber) before and after (800 ± 5) ℃ high-temperature targets temperature field, the calculated mass loss; The statistics concrete sample enters the damaged quantity of concrete sample behind (800 ± 5) ℃ high-temperature targets temperature field, measures the explosion area and the explosion degree of depth that concrete sample enters concrete sample behind (800 ± 5) ℃ high-temperature targets temperature field.
Above-mentioned test result and performance evaluation see Table 2-table 5.
Step 2) the described test of carrying out fire endurance and internal temperature rate of change also can be adopted automatic method, adopt concrete high temperature action fire endurance test expert system, this system is made up of computing machine, data acquisition equipment and coding etc., automatically the technology that detects of method is correcting measuring system at first, guarantees system's operate as normal; Secondly the concrete sample that will bury temperature element in advance underground is connected with data acquisition equipment, gathers the initial temperature of concrete sample, after beginning during tester, under the control of setting program, system will be automatically according to setting the step-length image data, and when reaching fire endurance, system indicator is bright; When reaching fire endurance, program will remind the user whether to reset step-length to carry out following temperature field is measured and the temperature field terminal point produces condition with the record change of temperature field.
Table 1 concrete sample match ratio
| Specimen coding | Water cement ratio (W/C) | Cement | Flyash | Breeze | Sand | Stone | 90d compressive strength/MPa |
| 1 2 3 | 0.34 0.30 0.30 | 471 353 377 | - - 94 | - 118 - | 619 660 660 | 1150 1123 1123 | 65.6 70.5 71.4 |
Table 2 concrete sample fire endurance measurement result
| Specimen coding | Fire endurance/min | Average ramp rate/℃/min | The maximum temperature rate of change/℃/min |
| 1 2 3 | 15 20 18 | 9.6 8.6 8.7 | 63 52 40 |
Table 3 concrete sample reaches the physical and mechanical property behind the fire endurance 24h
| Specimen coding | Compressive strength loss percentage/% | Rupture strength loss percentage/% | Elastic modulus loss percentage % |
| 1 2 3 | 56.3 48.7 52.1 | 60.5 50.4 54.1 | 61.7 52.3 56.9 |
Table 4 concrete sample reaches the ultrasonic measuring behind the fire endurance 24h
| Specimen coding | Velocity of sound loss percentage/% | Frequency loss rate/% | Lost amplitude rate/% |
| 1 2 3 | 55.32 63.46 59.78 | 46.50 57.76 57.64 | 19.67 20.74 19.26 |
Table 5 concrete sample reaches the physical phenomenon behind the fire endurance
| Specimen coding | Mass loss rate/% | The explosion situation | |||
| Destroy the test specimen number | Failure mode | Average damage area/cm 2 | Average collapse dept/mm | ||
| 1 2 3 | 5.99 6.04 6.23 | 3 1 3 | Centre of surface centre of surface centre of surface | 4.4 4.1 5.6 | ＜1 ＜1 ＜1 |
According to above-mentioned test result, overall performance behind the concrete sample high temperature is considered (comprising the variation of fire endurance, internal temperature field, the physical and mechanical property behind the high temperature, the ultrasound examination of concrete sample, the explosion degree of concrete sample), admixture No. 2 concrete samples of 25% breeze be better than No. 1 and No. 3.
Claims (3)
1. the method for testing of a property degradation of concrete after high temperature action is characterized in that it comprises the steps:
1). the preparation of concrete sample: a. concrete sample moulding: choose the concrete raw material of required test, make concrete sample, during concrete formation in advance in concrete the thickness of protection tier place bury temperature element underground; B. concrete sample maintenance: will bury the concrete sample maintenance 90 days of temperature element in advance underground; C. precuring before the high temperature: before testing, carrying and placing temperature the last week is 18-22 ℃, and relative humidity is maintenance in the thermostatic constant wet chamber of 55-65%;
2). the performance test of concrete sample: a. concrete sample fire endurance and temperature field are measured: the target setting temperature field is 795-805 ℃, after reaching the target temperature field, preprepared concrete sample taken out from the thermostatic constant wet chamber of step 1) place the target temperature field, beginning to touch the target temperature field from concrete sample picks up counting, time so that thickness of protection tier place temperature reaches 250 ℃ in the concrete is defined as fire endurance, carries out the test of fire endurance and internal temperature rate of change;
B. physical and mechanical property: the target setting temperature field is 795-805 ℃, after reaching the target temperature field, ready concrete sample taken out from the thermostatic constant wet chamber of step 1) place the target temperature field, after concrete sample reaches fire endurance, being transferred to temperature after concrete sample taken out rapidly and being 18-22 ℃, relative humidity is in the thermostatic constant wet chamber of 55-65%, places compressive strength, rupture strength, the elastic modulus of measuring concrete sample behind the 24h of thermostatic constant wet chamber;
C. the ultrasound wave of concrete sample and explosion Tachistoscope: in temperature is that 18-22 ℃, relative humidity are in the thermostatic constant wet chamber of 55-65%, adopts ultrasonic wave detector determination step 1) carry the velocity of wave, frequency and the amplitude that are preset in concrete sample in this environment the last week; The target setting temperature field is 795-805 ℃, after reaching the target temperature field, ready concrete sample taken out from the thermostatic constant wet chamber of step 1) place the target temperature field, after concrete sample reaches fire endurance, it is that 18-22 ℃, relative humidity are that 24h cools off in the thermostatic constant wet chamber of 55-65% that taking-up places temperature, adopts ultrasonic wave detector to measure velocity of wave, frequency and the amplitude of concrete sample; Measure concrete sample and enter concrete sample quality before and after the 795-805 ℃ of high-temperature targets temperature field, the calculated mass loss; The statistics concrete sample enters the damaged quantity of concrete sample behind the 795-805 ℃ of high-temperature targets temperature field, measures the explosion area and the explosion degree of depth that concrete sample enters concrete sample behind the 795-805 ℃ of high-temperature targets temperature field.
2. the method for testing of a kind of property degradation of concrete after high temperature action according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: step 2) the described test of carrying out fire endurance and internal temperature rate of change adopts manual method, from timing zero point, adopt potential difference meter or temperature control instrument manual read to fetch data, every 1min record temperature variation once, near 800 ℃, temperature variation hour is ended until the test specimen internal temperature.
3. the method for testing of a kind of property degradation of concrete after high temperature action according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: step 2) the described test of carrying out fire endurance and internal temperature rate of change adopts automatic method, adopt concrete high temperature action fire endurance test expert system, this system is made up of computing machine, data acquisition equipment and coding, automatically the technology that detects of method is correcting measuring system at first, guarantees system's operate as normal; Secondly the concrete sample that will bury temperature element in advance underground is connected with data acquisition equipment, gathers the initial temperature of concrete sample, after beginning during tester, under the control of setting program, system will be automatically according to setting the step-length image data, and when reaching fire endurance, system indicator is bright; When reaching fire endurance, program will remind the user whether to reset step-length to carry out following temperature field is measured and the temperature field terminal point produces condition with the record change of temperature field.
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| CN114965860B (en) * | 2022-07-26 | 2022-10-21 | 深圳市众森阻燃消防材料有限公司 | Fire safety monitoring system for fire in working environment based on flame-retardant plate flame-retardant test |
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