CN1940344A - Speed reducer, production method for speed reducer, roller bearing, and production method for crank shaft - Google Patents

Speed reducer, production method for speed reducer, roller bearing, and production method for crank shaft Download PDF

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Publication number
CN1940344A
CN1940344A CN 200610139914 CN200610139914A CN1940344A CN 1940344 A CN1940344 A CN 1940344A CN 200610139914 CN200610139914 CN 200610139914 CN 200610139914 A CN200610139914 A CN 200610139914A CN 1940344 A CN1940344 A CN 1940344A
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China
Prior art keywords
eccentric part
axle
eccentric
external tooth
bearing
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CN 200610139914
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CN100487271C (en
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野原修
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Nabtesco Corp
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Nabtesco Corp
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Abstract

Disclosed is a speed reducer which comprises a crankshaft adapted to be rotated in conjunction with a drive unit, a first eccentric portion provided on the crankshaft, a second eccentric portion provided on the crankshaft, a third eccentric portion provided on the crankshaft, a first externally-toothed gear adapted to be moved in conjunction with the first eccentric portion, a second externally-toothed gear adapted to be moved in conjunction with the second eccentric portion, a third externally-toothed gear adapted to be moved in conjunction with the third eccentric portion, a plurality of pin teeth disposed along an inner periphery of a case to allow each of the first, second and third externally-toothed gears to be in meshing engagement therewith, and an output shaft unit adapted to be rotated in conjunction with the first, second and third externally-toothed gears. The first, second and third eccentric portions are arranged with a given phase difference in a rotation direction of the crankshaft with respect to each other. In the speed reducer, each of the first, second and third externally-toothed gears is in meshing engagement with less than half of the plurality of pin teeth.

Description

The manufacture method of the manufacture method of retarder, retarder, roller bearing and bent axle
Technical field
The present invention relates to robot with retarder, building machinery etc. travel with or cycle with retarder, windmill with use in the retarder, by the manufacture method of manufacture method, roller bearing and the bent axle of importing retarder that output that rotational delay gets rotates, retarder.
Technical background
In the past, the outer external tooth gear that is embedded in eccentric part is revolved round the sun on one side to shake the pendulum-type retarder be known for circulation retarder equal difference that output that cause input rotational delay obtains rotates with the internal-gear engagement.In this differential swing retarder, general two eccentric parts are located on the bent axle with the state with phase difference, and the external tooth gear that is embedded in outward on each eccentric part meshes with pin gear respectively.This pin gear is along housing inner peripheral surface arranged spaced on Zhou Fangxiang.The phase difference of eccentric part becomes 180 degree, follow the rotation of bent axle and external tooth gear on one side with the pin gear engagement on one side with described phase difference revolution and obtain the output rotation.At this moment, be subjected to the power of external tooth gear and rotation with the pin gear of external tooth gear engagement, external tooth gear does not slide with respect to pin gear thus, and the rotation impedance of external tooth gear is minimized.In addition, set each external tooth gear and in the scope of 180 degree, mesh, thereby the load that applies on each pin gear is alleviated with pin gear.
On the other hand, in the differential swing retarder, known for example to have the spy open clear 64-15556 communique disclosed, is provided with three eccentric parts, and also disposes three external tooth gears.In such structure, three eccentric parts are set at the phase difference that respectively has 120 degree mutually.
As the differential swing retarder that the spy opens clear 64-15556 communique disclosure, be provided with under the situation of three external tooth gears, for in the past like that external tooth gear in 180 degree scopes with the structure of pin gear engagement, because pin gear is meshing in the 540 degree scopes altogether, the pin gear that therefore exists while and two external tooth gears to mesh.Like this, this pin gear is subjected to the power of two external tooth gears simultaneously, and this power towards with vary in size, then at least one external tooth gear can slide with respect to pin gear.The result, the scope of external tooth gear and pin gear engagement is if still be the structure that 180 degree are provided with three external tooth gears, can not obtain being provided with two external tooth gears such, pin gear from then the problem that the spin loss of differential swing retarder increases appears in effect that the rotation impedance of external tooth gear is reduced.
In addition, the spy opens in the existing differential swing retarder that clear 64-15556 communique discloses, the bearing that constitutes by the retainer that keeps roller (rolling element) on three eccentric parts of eccentric shaft and be embedded with external tooth gear respectively outward.And three external tooth gears mesh with internal-gear respectively, apply rotating force through the eccentric part of eccentric shaft to external tooth gear from input shaft, and external tooth gear one side and internal-gear engagement revolution on one side.
And, in this existing differential swing retarder, has phase difference for avoiding mutually because of three eccentric parts, thereby the roller of bearing bearing from the distolateral eccentric part that is embedded in the neutral position outside axially of of eccentric shaft the time and the interference of eccentric part form the retainer of bearing and have the structure of rocking so that roller can the outer side shifting of radius vector direction.And,, behind first eccentric part, bearing is entrenched on the middle eccentric part by making the outer side shifting of roller radius vector direction before first eccentric part.Thus, have mutually on the eccentric part in neutral position of phase difference and can outside eccentric shaft, be packed with bearing.
In addition, for realizing the miniaturization of differential swing retarder, the scheme that makes differential swing retarder miniaturization by the diameter that reduces above-mentioned each external tooth gear is arranged.Increase from the load of the eccentric part of eccentric shaft under this scheme, can make the lost of life of roller each roller of bearing.Therefore, in the prior art, known existence can be eliminated the bearing of so-called total roller-type of this lost of life problem.This bearing for example spy is opened the disclosure of 2005-265126 communique.
Above-mentioned spy opens in the disclosed bearing of 2005-265126 communique, only disposes a plurality of rollers along the side face of eccentric part, does not have miscellaneous part between a plurality of rollers, thus eccentric part around can dispose a plurality of rollers.Thus, the load that imposes on each roller from eccentric part can further be disperseed, so can eliminate the problem of the above-mentioned lost of life.In addition, above-mentioned spy opens in the disclosed bearing of 2005-265126 communique, be provided with from be configured in eccentric part around the pressure arm of pressured each roller of outer circumferential side of a plurality of rollers, this pressure arm can not come off each roller.
But, above-mentioned spy opens in the existing differential swing retarder that clear 64-15556 communique discloses, the retainer of bearing that is embedded in the eccentric part of above-mentioned centre outward have the structure of rocking thus after bringing eccentric part in the middle of bearing is entrenched in roller also rock, be difficult to dispose equably around the middle eccentric part problems such as roller.
Therefore, for eliminating such problem, thereby also consider three eccentric parts interior, only the eccentric part in the middle of making forms big footpath and absorbs rocking of roller, suppresses rocking of bearing chimeric back roller.But in such structure, the diameter of the mounting hole of the external tooth gear of eccentric part increases with identical with the diameter of this centre eccentric part in the middle of needing to be entrenched in.As a result, the external tooth gear in three external tooth gears in the middle of only forms different structures, so problem such as the component management when having variety of components increase, manufacturing process and manufacturing is numerous and diverse.
In addition, above-mentioned spy opens in the bearing of total roller-type that the 2005-265126 communique discloses, and exists to be difficult to suppress roller is applied the problem that roller tilts after the power from eccentric part.Promptly, the spy opens in the disclosed bearing of 2005-265126 communique, and of pressure arm is distolateral not to be fixed, and distortion may appear in the power that this arm is applied in regulation, so, the problem that roller rocks and tilts can occur thereupon if from eccentric part roller being applied this power of Li Zeyin can make pressure arm off normal occur.And roller applies excessive load from eccentric part to roller as if tilting, then existing and causes problems such as roller breakage.
In addition, know the camshaft that one has a plurality of cam coltfoals in the prior art.This camshaft for example spy is opened in the 2004-36662 communique and is disclosed.
Above-mentioned spy opens in the camshaft that the 2004-36662 communique discloses, and the material of camshaft is formed the shape of each several part by abrasive machining such as whetslate.And, adjacent cam coltfoal closes on each other, whetslate and adjacent cam coltfoal are interfered and can not precision carry out abrasive machining well when then forming the end of a cam coltfoal, so in this existing camshaft, adjacent cam coltfoal only leaves the distance of regulation, and be formed in the little scope of the scope that overlaps than adjacent cam coltfoal from axle direction by this camshaft, connected to each other between the adjacent cam coltfoal of camshaft.Promptly, in this camshaft, adjacent cam coltfoal links via camshaft each other, even thereby whetslate exceeds the interference that adjacent cam coltfoal side also can be avoided the storeroom of whetslate and camshaft during the end of a cam coltfoal of abrasive machining, like this can precision well abrasive machining cam coltfoal up to the end.
Above-mentioned spy opens the structure of the camshaft that the 2004-36662 communique discloses applicable to the integrally formed bent axle that has a plurality of eccentric parts of different rotary phase place mutually.In this case, link the linking department between the adjacent eccentric part, be formed on from axle direction than in the little scope of the scope of this adjacent eccentric part coincidence.But in such structure, the sectional area of linking department diminishes, so the intensity of linking department reduces.As a result, the problem that strength of crankshaft reduces appears.
In addition, knew so differential swing retarder, it is by making the external tooth gear parts by eccentric part on one side and internal-gear parts engagement revolution on one side in the past, thereby is slowed down or the output rotation of speedup by the input rotation.This differential swing retarder for example discloses in the 2003-83400 communique.The structure that this 2003-83400 communique discloses, shown in Figure 34 and 35, have: be provided with in interior week internal tooth 381a the outside cylindraceous housing (internal-gear parts) 381, with outside housing 381 arranged coaxial and with respect to outside housing 381 rotatable carriages 382, with the small gear (external tooth gear parts) 383 of the internal tooth 381a of outside housing 381 engagement.Carriage 382 plays the effect as output shaft, and it has: base station 382a, be located at the 382b of post portion of the cross section general triangular on this base station 382a and be connected in end plate 382c on the 282b of this post portion.Small gear 383 is provided with two on axle direction.Connect bent axle 384 and the described post 382b of portion that is provided with eccentric part 384a in each small gear 383.Bent axle 384 and the 382b of post portion set four at Zhou Fangxiang respectively.But each bent axle 384 is by crankshaft bearing 385,386 free rotary ground supportings that are configured on upper end portion and the underpart.The crankshaft bearing 385 of upside is located on the end plate 382c, and the crankshaft bearing 386 of downside is located on the base station 382a.And bent axle 384 rotates with input shaft 388 interlocks via gear 387, bent axle 384 rotations by the rotation of input shaft 388, then each small gear 383 along with the rotation of eccentric part 384a on one side with the internal tooth 381a engagement revolution on one side of outside housing 381.And, the 382b of the post portion revolution by the revolution of small gear 383, and carriage 382 rotations.
But,, then need the axle center of bent axle 384 close outside housings 381 is disposed and make small gear 383 pathizations if will dwindle the external diameter of differential swing retarder.In this case, bent axle 384 is near the axle center configuration of outside housing 381, and the load that then acts on the bent axle 384 increases.In addition, make small gear 383 pathizations, the load that then acts on the small gear 383 increases, so the load that acts on the bent axle 384 via this small gear 383 increases.Therefore, make differential swing retarder pathization, need to improve the supporting rigidity of bent axle 384 if will still keep the output torque.Therefore, owing to such reason can not be avoided the maximization of crankshaft bearing 385,386, and limitation is arranged also on the pathization of differential swing retarder.
Summary of the invention
The present invention researches and develops in view of the above problems, and its purpose is to provide a kind of retarder that can address the above problem.
In addition, the object of the invention also is can suppress the increase of spin loss under the situation of three external tooth gears of configuration in retarder.
According to an aspect of the present invention, provide such retarder, it has: the bent axle that rotates with the drive portion interlock; Be located at first eccentric part on the described bent axle; Be located at second eccentric part on the described bent axle; Be located at the 3rd eccentric part on the described bent axle; First external tooth gear with the described first eccentric part interlock; Second external tooth gear with the described second eccentric part interlock; The 3rd external tooth gear with described the 3rd eccentric part interlock; Be configured in a plurality of pin gears in week in the casing with described first external tooth gear, described second external tooth gear and the engagement of described the 3rd external tooth gear; The output axial region that rotates with described first external tooth gear, described second external tooth gear and described the 3rd external tooth gear interlock, described each eccentric part is configured to have the phase difference of regulation on the sense of rotation of described bent axle, wherein, the pin gear less than half meshes in described each external tooth gear and the described pin gear.
In addition, another object of the present invention provides and can will be embedded in the eccentric part of centre of the eccentric part of three eccentric parts outside the bearing portion easily along eccentric shaft, and can simplify manufacturing process and the retarder of the component management when making.
According to a further aspect in the invention, provide such retarder, it has: eccentric shaft, and it has first eccentric part, second eccentric part and the 3rd eccentric part that disposes in turn at axle direction, and rotates with the input shaft interlock; First external tooth gear, it is installed on described first eccentric part via clutch shaft bearing, and shakes with the described first eccentric part interlock; Second external tooth gear, it, and shakes with the described second eccentric part interlock on described second eccentric part via second Bearing Installation; The 3rd external tooth gear, it, and shakes with described the 3rd eccentric part interlock on described the 3rd eccentric part via the 3rd Bearing Installation; Output shaft, itself and described first external tooth gear, described second external tooth gear and described the 3rd external tooth gear interlock and rotate.And then, described first eccentric part, described second eccentric part and described the 3rd eccentric part are configured to have the phase difference of mutual predetermined angular, and has identical in fact external diameter, described clutch shaft bearing, described second bearing and described the 3rd bearing have identical in fact external diameter and are installed in first eccentric part respectively, on described second eccentric part and described the 3rd eccentric part, described second bearing has a plurality of rollers and retainer, described retainer with each roller with predetermined distance remain on described second eccentric part around, and at least one loading and unloading of described a plurality of rollers are remained on the footpath direction outside or axle direction of described second eccentric part possibly.
In addition, the present invention also provides the roller bearing that can address the above problem.
In addition, the present invention can also prolong the life-span of each roller and can suppress the breakage of the roller that excessive load causes.
According to a further aspect in the invention, provide such roller bearing, the spindle unit in the through hole be located at the circle on the predetermined member is inserted in its supporting, and it has: be configured in a plurality of rollers between the side face of the internal face of described through hole and described spindle unit; And the retainer on every side that described a plurality of rollers is remained on described spindle unit.Described retainer has a pair of annulus portion and pillar part, be embedded on the described spindle unit outside the described a pair of annulus portion or be embedded in the described through hole, and respectively with the axial two end part adjacency of described roller, limit described roller and axially move; Described pillar part links described a pair of annulus portion respectively with its two end part, and be configured in regulation described roller and and other rollers of this roller adjacency between, limiting described roller moves to the Zhou Fangxiang of described spindle unit, described pillar part is provided with a plurality of along the Zhou Fangxiang of described annulus portion with predetermined distance, and at least two described rollers of configuration between adjacent described pillar part.
In addition, the present invention also provides the bent axle that addresses the above problem.
In addition, the present invention also be intended to solve can precision abrasive machining eccentric part and can improve crankshaft strength well.
According to a further aspect in the invention, provide such bent axle, it has integratedly: the first axle part, but its free rotary ground supporting is on bearing; The second axle part, but its have with coaxial axle center, the axle center of described the first axle part and free rotary ground supporting on described bearing; A plurality of eccentric parts, it is located between described the first axle part and the described the second axle part, has from the axle center of the axle center off-centre of this first axle part and the second axle part; Linking department, it is located between adjacent described eccentric part, and the eccentric part that this is adjacent is connected to each other.And then, described adjacent eccentric part has different rotatable phase mutually, described linking department have with the eccentric part of a side continuously and be formed on the recess of the direction inboard, footpath of this eccentric part, at least stride and scope that eccentric part that axle direction is seen scope that the eccentric part of both sides overlaps and opposite side runs off from the scope of this coincidence and forming, in the section vertical with axle direction, the circular arc that forms the periphery of described linking department in the scope that the eccentric part of described opposite side runs off has the coaxial center, axle center with the eccentric part of a described side.
In addition, the present invention also is intended to realize by the supporting structure that improves bent axle the pathization of retarder.
According to a further aspect in the invention, it provides such retarder, and it has: the input axial region; The bent axle that has eccentric part and rotate with described input axial region interlock; Support a pair of crankshaft bearing of described bent axle; On at least a portion in internal-gear parts, its internal tooth are configured on the axle direction of perimembranous; The external tooth gear parts, itself and described eccentric part interlock and shake and have a external tooth with described internal tooth engagement; The output axial region, itself and described external tooth gear parts interlock and rotate; The intermediate bearing parts, it supports described bent axle between described a pair of crankshaft bearing can rotate freely it.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the integrally-built sectional drawing of the retarder of expression first mode of execution of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is the sectional drawing of the II-II line of Fig. 1.
Fig. 3 is the explanatory drawing of the state of the pin gears engagement that first external tooth gear and-120 is spent (or 240 degree)～60 degree scopes in the retarder of representing in the past.
Fig. 4 is the explanatory drawing of the state of the pin gear engagement that second external tooth gear and 0 is spent～180 degree scopes in the retarder of representing in the past.
Fig. 5 is the explanatory drawing of the state of the pin gear engagement that the 3rd external tooth gear and 120 is spent～300 degree scopes in the retarder of representing in the past.
Fig. 6 is the explanatory drawing that is used for illustrating the scope that a plurality of external tooth gears of retarder in the past repeat to mesh.
Fig. 7 is the figure of shape of tooth of the external tooth gear of local expression retarder in the past.
Fig. 8 is used for illustrating the external tooth gear of retarder of first mode of execution of the present invention and the explanatory drawing of the scope that pin gear meshes.
Fig. 9 is the figure of the shape of the tooth of external tooth gear in the retarder of local expression first mode of execution of the present invention.
Figure 10 is the retarder that is used for illustrating first mode of execution of the present invention, with the explanatory drawing of the position of first external tooth gear of certain pin gear engagement and second external tooth gear.
Figure 11 is the integrally-built sectional drawing of differential swing retarder in expression second mode of execution of the present invention.
Figure 12 is the sectional drawing along the XII-XII line of differential swing retarder shown in Figure 11.
Figure 13 is the stereogram of structure of bent axle and first～the 3rd bearing of expression Figure 11 described differential swing retarder.
Figure 14 is the figure that sees the bent axle shown in Figure 13 and first～the 3rd bearing from axle direction.
Figure 15 is the figure that is used to illustrate the detailed structure of bent axle shown in Figure 14 and bearing.
Figure 16 is the figure of structure of the first～the three rollers bearing of expression the 3rd mode of execution of the present invention.
Figure 17 is the sectional drawing of the XVII-XVII line of expression the first～the three rollers bearing shown in Figure 16.
Figure 18 is the sectional drawing of the XVIII-XVIII line of the first～the three rollers bearing shown in Figure 17.
Figure 19 is the integrally-built sectional drawing of the differential swing retarder of expression the 4th mode of execution of the present invention.
Figure 20 is the sectional drawing of expression along the XX-XX line of differential swing retarder shown in Figure 19.
Figure 21 is the integrally-built stereogram that expression is applicable to the bent axle of differential swing retarder shown in Figure 19.
Figure 22 is the front elevation of bent axle shown in Figure 21.
Figure 23 is a planimetric map of seeing the bent axle shown in Figure 21 from the below.
Figure 24 is the figure of the structure of first eccentric part of expression bent axle shown in Figure 21 and second eccentric part.
Figure 25 is the figure of the structure of second eccentric part of bent axle of expression Figure 21 and the 3rd eccentric part.
Figure 26 is the figure of structure of the 3rd linking department of first eccentric part of the local binding bent axle that amplifies expression the 4th mode of execution of the present invention and second eccentric part.
Figure 27 is the sectional drawing of structure of the retarder of expression the 5th mode of execution of the present invention.
Figure 28 is the sectional drawing of the XXVIII-XXVIII line of expression Figure 27.
Figure 29 is the sectional drawing of the XXIX-XXIX line of expression Figure 27.
Figure 30 is the planimetric map of intermediate bearing parts.
Figure 31 is the sectional drawing of the XXXI-XXXI line of Figure 30.
Figure 32 is the sectional drawing of the retarder of local expression other mode of executions of the present invention.
Figure 33 is the sectional drawing of the retarder of local expression other mode of executions of the present invention.
Figure 34 is the sectional drawing of the existing retarder of expression.
Figure 35 is the sectional drawing of the XXXV-XXXV line of Figure 34.
Embodiment
Below describe in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and be used to implement preferred forms of the present invention.
(first mode of execution)
Differential swing retarder in this first mode of execution (being called retarder to place an order) 10 for example is the retarder as the pitch converter flexible Application of wind power plant, in addition, also can be used in robot with retarder, building machinery etc. travel with or cycle with retarder etc.Retarder 10 has outside housing 12.This outside housing 12 forms by connecting the cover portion 14 that forms cylindrical part 13 cylindraceous and be formed with bottom tube-like.Cylindrical part 13 is provided with the 13a of blade of a sword portion that is used to be installed on the fixing frame of electricity generating device (not shown) for example.Cylindrical part 13 connects with fixing frame by the 13a of this blade of a sword portion.Be fixed with drive motor 16 in the described cover portion 14 as drive portion.
Retarder 10 has input shaft 21 and as the carriage 22 of an example of output shaft part.Link the live axle 25 that drive motor 16 is arranged on the input shaft 21, apply rotary driving force by 16 pairs of input shafts 21 of drive motor.Carriage 22 is configured to can be around the axle rotation identical with the axle center of input shaft 21.Retarder 10, as shown in Figure 1, for example can be input shaft 21 last, carriage 22 under structure.In this case, carriage 22 is around vertical axle rotation.Below go on to say structure with this posture configuration.
On input shaft 21, contain the reducing gear 26 that is useful on respect to the live axle 25 of drive motor 16 and slows down with requirement ratio and by this reducing gear 26 and the middle axial region 27 of transmission of drive force.Live axle 25 extends downwards from drive motor 16, connects the central part of cover portion 14.This live axle 25 can rotate freely with respect to cover portion 14 by not shown bearing.
Described reducing gear 26 has sun gear 26a on the underpart of being located at live axle 25, be located at described cover portion 14 inside sidewalls internal-gear 26b and with sun gear 26a and internal-gear 26b planet gear meshed 26c.Planetary pinion 26c revolves round the sun around sun gear 26a along with the rotation of live axle 25.
Axial region 27 has and the middle axial region main body 27a of live axle 25 coaxial shape configurations and the wrist 27b that extend in the outside from this centre axial region main body 27a towards radial direction in the middle of described.Middle axial region main body 27a be configured in live axle 25 under and can be rotated to support in the end plate described later portion 36.The front end of wrist 27b is inserted among the through hole 26d that leads to the central authorities that are located at planetary pinion 26c.Planetary pinion 26c revolution then thereupon wrist 27b also revolve round the sun, thus in the middle of axial region main body 27a be decelerated with requirement ratio with rotating speed with respect to live axle 25 and the rotating speed rotation.The bottom of this centre axial region main body 27a is provided with and drives external tooth gear 29.
Spread all over whole Zhou Fangxiang on the interior perimembranous on the axle direction intermediate portion of described cylindrical part 13 and be equipped with a plurality of pin gears 31.The posture configuration of each pin gear 31 on axle direction, to extend respectively, uniformly-spaced configuration mutually.Each pin gear 31 constitutes the internal tooth of internal-gear, and perimembranous was provided with the internal-gear of internal tooth in cylindrical part 13 was formed on.
Described carriage 22 is configured in the inboard of the footpath direction of cylindrical part 13.This carriage 22 by bearing 32,33 free rotary ground supportings that are provided in axial two places on cylindrical part 13.Carriage 22 is around the axle rotation consistent with the axle center of cylindrical part 13.
Carriage 22 has base portion 35, be configured in this base portion 35 the top end plate portion 36 and be integrally formed on the base portion 35 and the axle portion 37 of extending to end plate portion 36.The underpart of base portion 35 forms from cylindrical part 13 is outstanding downwards.Outer being embedded with transmitted gear 39 on the underpart of this base portion 35, and this transmission gear forms coaxial shape with the axle center of cylindrical part 13.This transmits gear 39 for example to the running shaft effect rotary driving force of wind power plant.
Axle portion 37 forms the column of axially extending upward above base portion 35.In addition, as shown in Figure 2, axle portion 37 is provided with three at interval on Zhou Fangxiang, and each axle portion 37 cross section roughly forms triangle.
As shown in Figure 1, on axle portion 37, be provided with the band bolt hole 37a at the end.In addition, the position corresponding with above-mentioned bolt hole 37a is provided with bolt insertion hole 36b in the end plate portion 36.And the bolt 52 of inserting logical this bolt insertion hole 36b is screwed among the bolt hole 37a of axle portion 37.In addition, be respectively equipped with pin-and-hole 37b or pin-and-hole 36c in axle portion 37 and the end plate portion 36, pin 53 is inserted in pin-and-hole 37b, the 36c.Thus, described base portion 35 and end plate portion 36 are not fixed to dislocation each other.And base portion 35 and end plate portion 36 form one and rotate around the axle center of cylindrical part 13.
Between inboard, base portion 35 and the end plate portion 36 of cylindrical part 13, form and close the space.This closes and is equipped with the first external tooth gear 44a, the second external tooth gear 44b and the 3rd external tooth gear 44c in the space from bottom to top in turn.First to the 3rd external tooth gear 44a～44c forms same shape, and external diameter is also identical.First to the 3rd external tooth gear 44a～44c is slightly littler than the internal diameter of cylindrical part 13, has the external tooth 44d (with reference to Fig. 2) with pin gear 31 engagement of cylindrical part 13.The external tooth 44d of first to the 3rd external tooth gear 44a～44c lacks several than pin gear 31 numbers of teeth, for example lacks one.
In addition, connect first to the 3rd external tooth gear 44a～44c and be provided with bent axle 48.This bent axle 48 is provided with three (with reference to Fig. 2) at interval on Zhou Fangxiang.As shown in Figure 1, each bent axle 48 is by a pair of crankshaft bearing 56,57 free rotary ground supportings up and down.The crankshaft bearing 56 of upside embeds and is formed among the through hole 36a of end plate portion 36.The crankshaft bearing 57 of downside embeds and is formed among the top recess 35a of base portion 35.In other words, bent axle 48 is bearing in the end plate portion 36 via the crankshaft bearing 56 of upside at an upper portion thereof, and the crankshaft bearing 57 via downside is bearing on the base portion 35 in its underpart.
The upper end portion of each bent axle 48 above the crankshaft bearing 56 that is projected into upside is provided with driven external tooth gear 59 respectively.These driven external tooth gears 59 with shown in drive external tooth gear 29 engagements.And bent axle 48 is decelerated with the gear ratio that drives external tooth gear 29 and driven external tooth gear 59, with driven external tooth gear 59 one rotation and revolution.
Each bent axle 48 is provided with three eccentric part 48a, 48b, 48c.These eccentric parts 48a, 48b, 48c axially dispose, and are the first eccentric part 48a, the second eccentric part 48b and the 3rd eccentric part 48c in turn from the below of Fig. 1.First to the 3rd eccentric part 48a～48c forms with respect to the axle center of bent axle 48 respectively cylindric with identical offset off-centre.And first to the 3rd eccentric part 48a～48c has identical external diameter in fact, and has the phase difference of 120 degree mutually.
The outer respectively aforesaid first external tooth gear 44a, the second external tooth gear 44b and the 3rd external tooth gear 44c of being embedded with on the first eccentric part 48a, the second eccentric part 48b and the 3rd eccentric part 48c.The first eccentric part 48a, the second eccentric part 48b and the 3rd eccentric part 48c form identical structure except phase place staggers.
As shown in Figure 2, be respectively equipped with the first through hole 44e and the second through hole 44f on the first external tooth gear 44a.So the first through hole 44e since be corresponding bent axle 48 be provided with on Zhou Fangxiang, uniformly-spaced be provided with three.Each first through hole 44e forms circle, and the state with the dress clutch shaft bearing 49a that is situated between among each first through hole 44e inserts the first eccentric part 48a respectively.Equally, the state of adorning the second bearing 49b with Jie among the first through hole 44e of the second external tooth gear 44b inserts the second eccentric part 48b, and the state of adorning the 3rd bearing 49c with Jie among the first through hole 44e of the 3rd external tooth gear 44c inserts the 3rd eccentric part 48c.
Insert described axle portion 37 among the second through hole 44f of the first external tooth gear 44a to the, three external tooth gear 44c.The second through hole 44f form than the big general triangular in the cross section of axle portion 37 and and axle portion 37 between have predetermined gap.The second through hole 44f is owing to corresponding axle portion 37 is provided with, so uniformly-spaced be provided with three on Zhou Fangxiang.
At this, the aspect of the retarder that the retarder 10 of first mode of execution is different from the past is described.In the retarder in the past, shown in Fig. 3～5, first to the 3rd each external tooth gear 71,72,73 meshes with the scope and the pin gear 75 of 180 degree respectively.For example pin gear 75 is provided with 42, and 21 external tooths with external tooth gear 71,72,73 contact.Under this state the phase place of each external tooth gear 71,72,73 stagger respectively 120 the degree.For example, when first external tooth gear 71 meshes with the pin gear 75 that is positioned at-120 degree (or 240 degree)～60 scopes of spending (Fig. 3), pin gear 75 engagements (Fig. 4) of second external tooth gear 72 and the scopes that are positioned at 0 degree～180 degree, pin gears 75 engagements (Fig. 5) of the 3rd external tooth gear 73 and the scopes that are positioned at 120 degree～300 degree.Therefore, as shown in Figure 6, in the pin gear 75 of the scope of 0 degree～60 degree, first external tooth gear 71 and 72 engagements of second external tooth gear, in the pin gear 75 of 120 degree～180 degree scopes, second external tooth gear 72 and 73 engagements of the 3rd external tooth gear, in the pin gear 75 of the scope of 240 degree～300 degree, first external tooth gear 71 and 73 engagements of the 3rd external tooth gear.Therefore, form the state that these pin gears 75 repeat to mesh two external tooth gears 71～73 respectively.
Pin gear 75 is subjected to the power of external tooth gear 71～73 behind engagement external tooth gear 71～73, so pin gear 75 is corresponding to suffered power rotation.At this moment, under the situation that two external tooth gears 71,72,73 repeat to mesh, have nothing in common with each other, so at least one external tooth gear 71～73 is with respect to pin gear 75 slips owing to be subjected to direction, the size of the power of external tooth gear 71～73.In addition, the external tooth 76 of these external tooth gears 71～73 as shown in Figure 7 at the bottom of its tooth top 76a and the teeth groove 76b form curved shape respectively.
With respect to this, in the retarder 10 of first mode of execution, each external tooth gear 44a～44c only meshes an external tooth gear 44a～44c to pin gear 31 of which phase place.Specify, pin gear 31a is provided with 42, and the number of teeth of each external tooth gear 44a～44c is identical respectively, and each external tooth gear 44a～44c is had the 31 contact engagements of 14 pin gears respectively.Promptly, as shown in Figure 8, with the scope and pin gear 31 engagements of 120 degree, these each external tooth gear 44a～44c have the phase difference of 120 degree to each external tooth gear 44a～44c mutually respectively, so a pin gear 31 can contact with plural external tooth gear 44a～44c hardly simultaneously.
Like this for each external tooth gear 44a～44c being engaged with 1/3rd pin gear 31 of sum respectively, each external tooth gear 44a～44c height of the aspect ratio tooth root portion 62 of tooth top portion 61 as shown in Figure 9 is short.And tooth top forms plane or mild curved surface shape.
Short for the height of the aspect ratio tooth root portion 62 that makes tooth top portion 61, can implement to excise the back processing of tooth top 76a of tooth top portion 61 in the outside of standard pitch circle P.Its processing of processing for excision tooth top 76a is easy.In addition, add after carrying out and to utilize existing external tooth gear man-hour.In addition, also can not carry out back processing, and the external tooth 44d of the shape shown in Figure 9 that is shaped in advance.
The following describes the action of the retarder 10 of first mode of execution.
Live axle 25 rotation of drive motor 16 then drives external tooth gear 29 and is slowed down with the reduction speed ratio of regulation by reducing gear 26 and rotate.Rotation by this driving external tooth gear 29 makes each driven external tooth gear 59 rotation.The rotating speed of this driven external tooth gear 59 slows down with the reduction speed ratio of regulation with respect to the rotating speed that drives external tooth gear 29, and these driven external tooth gear 59 rotations make bent axle 48 rotate together.Thus, first to the 3rd eccentric part 48a～48c rotation, like this, Yi Bian first to the 3rd external tooth gear 44a～44c revolves round the sun with pin gear 31 engagements on one side and shakes.At this moment, each external tooth gear 44a～44c meshes 1/3rd pin gear 31 respectively, Yi Bian keep this state, on one side each external tooth gear 44a～44c revolves round the sun.Therefore, a pin gear 31 can not contact two above external tooth gear 44a～44c simultaneously.
For example shown in Figure 10, the first external tooth gear 44a is when the 0 degree position that is positioned to contact with pin gear 31 at the bottom of the teeth groove, the second external tooth gear 44b is positioned at the position of 120 degree, and at this moment, the external tooth 44d of the second external tooth gear 44b (tooth top portion 61) is the state that just in time leaves from pin gear 31.And the sum that meshes the pin gear 31 of each external tooth gear 44a～44c with phase angle arbitrarily equates with the number (42) of the pin gear 31 that sets.Therefore, a pin gear 31 can not contact two above external tooth gear 44a～44c simultaneously.
The revolution of first to the 3rd external tooth gear 44a～44c is slowed down significantly with respect to the revolution of bent axle 48.And, along with the revolution of first to the 3rd external tooth gear 44a～44c, axle portion 37 revolution, carriage 22 whole rotations.Thus, transmit the rotating speed rotation that gear 39 slows down significantly with the rotating speed with respect to drive motor 16.
As above illustrated, in first mode of execution, the scope of 31 couples of each external tooth gear 44a of pin gear～44c engagement is set in 120 degree, be set at the number of described pin gear 31 with respect to the sum of the described pin gear 31 of each external tooth gear 44a～44c engagement and equate, so can do one's utmost to suppress external tooth gear 44a～44c with respect to pin gear 31 slips.Therefore, can suppress to rotate impedance increases.As a result, can suppress external tooth gear 44a～44c increases with the spin loss that pin gear 31 meshes under the situation of rotating on one side on one side.And a pin gear 31 can not contact with plural external tooth gear 44a～44c simultaneously, so can alleviate the load on each pin gear 31.As a result, can make pin gear 31 pathizations, miniaturization that thus can implement device integral body.In addition, owing to can make pin gear 31 pathizations, so can increase the number of pin gear 31, the result can increase the amplitude of the reduction speed ratio that can set, improves the degrees of freedom of design.
And then in the first embodiment, each external tooth gear 44a～44c has the phase difference of 120 degree, and mesh 1/3rd described pin gear 31 respectively with respect to each external tooth gear 44a～44c, so each external tooth gear 44a～44c disposes around bent axle equably, eccentric load can be reduced, vibration can be reduced thus bent axle 48.
In addition, in the first embodiment, external tooth gear 44a～44c is cut the tooth top of tooth top portion 61, so the easy processing of external tooth gear 44a～44c.That is, only get final product by the tooth top that cuts the external tooth that joins at 180 degree scopes and pin gear.And then, can be total to the processing way with the external tooth of above-mentioned 180 degree.
In addition, on the tooth top part of the external tooth gear 44a～44c of general pin gear 31 engagements, the load of the composition of radius (radially) direction is big, and the load of the composition of rotation (torque) direction is little.With respect to this, in first mode of execution, cut the tooth top of external tooth gear 44a～44c, the scope that meshes with pin gear is 120 degree, meshes with pin gear at the bottom of the big teeth groove of the load of the composition that rotates (torque) direction, so can optimization efficiency.In addition, engagement range is 120 degree, thereby can disperse the load of pin gear 31, also can reduce the face of the cylindrical part 13 of pin gear 31 and press.
(second mode of execution)
In the retarder 10 under this second mode of execution, first to the 3rd eccentric part 48a of bent axle 48～48c forms with respect to the axle center of bent axle 48 respectively cylindric with eccentric amount e off-centre.And first to the 3rd eccentric part 48a～48c is adapted to and has angle θ mutually the phase difference of (in second mode of execution about 120 °), and has identical in fact outside diameter d (with reference to Figure 15).
And the retarder 10 under this second mode of execution has improvement in the part of first to the 3rd bearing 49a～49c.Particularly, first to the 3rd bearing 49a～49c such as Figure 11～shown in Figure 15 are made of a plurality of (in second mode of execution 12) cylindrical roller 50 and retainer 51 respectively.
The retainer 51 of first to the 3rd bearing 49a～49c keeps each roller 50 around first to the 3rd eccentric part 48a～48c of bent axle 48 with predetermined distance.Thus, each roller 50 is around first to the 3rd eccentric part 48a～48c equivalent arrangements, so bear load from bent axle 48 well around whole rollers 50 balances of first to the 3rd eccentric part 48a～48c.Therefore, only suppress the carrying out of roller 50 wearing and tearing of regulation, can prolong the life-span of roller 50.
Each retainer 51 has a pair of annulus 51a of portion and a plurality of pillar part 51b.The a pair of annulus 51a of portion is embedded in first to the 3rd eccentric part 48a～48c of bent axle 48 outward, and is configured on the axle direction with predetermined distance.This a pair of annulus 51a of portion from clipping roller 50 configurations up and down, defines the axial position of roller 50 along bent axle 48 as shown in figure 13.And the 51a of annulus portion has in this second mode of execution and sees from the axle direction of bent axle 48 first to the 3rd eccentric part 48a～48c all is accommodated in inner internal diameter.In addition, the internal diameter of the 51a of this annulus portion also can be only to see from the axle direction of bent axle 48 the first eccentric part 48a and the second eccentric part 48b are accommodated in inner internal diameter or only the second eccentric part 48b and the 3rd eccentric part 48c are accommodated in inner internal diameter.
And the 51a of annulus portion has the big internal diameter of value than d+2esin (θ/2) particularly.At this, d is the external diameter of the second eccentric part 48b or the first eccentric part 48a, e is the offset of first to the 3rd eccentric part 48a～48c to the axle center of each bent axle 48, and θ is phase difference between the first eccentric part 48a and the second eccentric part 48b or the phase difference between the second eccentric part 48b and the 3rd eccentric part 48c.The value of above-mentioned 2esin (θ/2) is equivalent to the distance between the axle center of the axle center of the distance between the axle center of the axle center of the first eccentric part 48a and the second eccentric part 48b or the second eccentric part 48b and the 3rd eccentric part 48c.
A plurality of pillar part 51b are provided with to such an extent that will connect between the above-mentioned a pair of annulus 51a of portion as shown in figure 13, and along the Zhou Fangxiang of the 51a of the annulus portion arranged spaced with regulation.Each pillar part 51b forms identical shape.And this pillar part 51b limits the position on the Zhou Fangxiang of each roller 50 along first to the 3rd eccentric part 48a～48c.Each pillar part 51b has jut 51c, the 51c to the Zhou Fangxiang of the 51a of annulus portion two side-prominent settings in the position of only leaving predetermined distance respectively from a pair of annulus 51a of portion.Jut 51c, the 51c of this pillar part 51b contacts with assigned position on the side face of each roller 50.Particularly, jut 51c, 51c and be positioned at the side face butt of each roller 50 of the inboard of circumference A shown in Figure 14.In addition, the circumference A of Figure 14 be with each roller 50 be provided in bent axle 48 first to the 3rd eccentric part 48a～48c around the circumference of the axle center 50a of state by each roller 50.By such structure, the area inside of the circumference A of the axle center 50a by each roller 50 is supported by pillar part 51b.
And each pillar part 51b supports each roller 50 from the Zhou Fangxiang sandwich.Thus, each roller 50 is not had supporting with rocking, and limits the position of the Zhou Fangxiang of each roller 50 along first to the 3rd eccentric part 48a～48c, and each roller 50 is around first to the 3rd eccentric part 48a～48c equivalent arrangements.And, in this second mode of execution, only the area inside of the interior all A of the axle center 50a by each roller 50 is by the pillar part 51b butt of retainer 51, and the outside of circumference A is each roller 50 of butt not, so whole rollers 50 can freely load and unload from retainer 51 in the footpath direction outside.
In second mode of execution, the first of bent axle 48 to the 3rd eccentric part 48a～48c has identical in fact external diameter as mentioned above, and then is had identical in fact external diameter with first to the 3rd eccentric part 48a～48c and installed by first to the 3rd bearing 49a～49c that roller 50 and retainer 51 constitute.And, echoing this structure, the first through hole 44e of first to the 3rd external tooth gear 44a～44c all forms with the footpath.
In the retarder 10 of this second mode of execution, the structure with the retarder 10 of above-mentioned first mode of execution outside the structure except that above-mentioned is identical.
Then, first to the 3rd bearing 49a～49c and first to the 3rd external tooth gear 44a～44c installation process to bent axle 48 is described.
In this installation process, at first, axially the 3rd eccentric part 48c will be embedded into outside the 3rd bearing 49c from the 3rd eccentric part 48c side of bent axle 48.At this moment, under the state of the roller 50 that retainer 51 maintenances of the 3rd bearing 49c are whole, the 3rd bearing 49c is installed on the 3rd eccentric part 48c.Afterwards, take in the 3rd eccentric part 48c and the 3rd bearing 49c in the first through hole 44e of the 3rd external tooth gear 44c and the 3rd external tooth gear 44c is installed.
Secondly, the first eccentric part 48a side from bent axle 48 axially will be embedded on the second eccentric part 48b outside the second bearing 49b.At this moment, in second mode of execution, pull down the state of whole roller 50, promptly only under the state of surplus retainer 51 the first eccentric part 48a passed through, this retainer 51 is installed on the second eccentric part 48b from the retainer 51 of the second bearing 49b.In addition, at this moment there is no need necessarily whole roller 50 to be pulled down from retainer 51, also can be only with a part of roller 50, can be only the roller of running into the first eccentric part 48a 50 be pulled down and gets final product.In this case, the roller 50 that yet can remain on the retainer 51 is not interfered with the first eccentric part 48a, the first eccentric part 48a is passed through, and the second bearing 49b is installed on the second eccentric part 48b.Afterwards, the roller 50 that will pull down in advance again returns the retainer 51 of the second bearing 49b.Then, the second external tooth gear 44b is installed and the second eccentric part 48b and the second bearing 49b are accommodated in the first through hole 44e of the second external tooth gear 44b.
Secondly, the first eccentric part 48a side from bent axle 48 axially will be embedded in outside the clutch shaft bearing 49a on the first eccentric part 48a.At this moment, under the state of the roller 50 that retainer 51 maintenances of clutch shaft bearing 49a are whole, this clutch shaft bearing 49a is installed on the first eccentric part 48a.At last, the first external tooth gear 44a is installed and the first eccentric part 48a and clutch shaft bearing 49a are accommodated in the first through hole 44e of the first external tooth gear 44a.
As mentioned above, in second mode of execution, the retainer 51 of the second bearing 49b keeps each roller 50 with predetermined distance around the second eccentric part 48b, and releasably keep roller 50 in the footpath of the second eccentric part 48b direction outside, so when from first eccentric part 48a side outside being embedded in second eccentric part 48b on along bent axle 48 the second bearing 49b, can pull down roller 50 from retainer 51.And, at this moment, whole roller 50 or pulled down from retainer 51 with the roller 50 that the first eccentric part 48a may run into, thus roller 50 is not interfered with the first eccentric part 48a, institute is installed in the second bearing 49b on the second eccentric part 48b so that the first eccentric part 48a passes through.Then, return retainer 51, thereby the eccentric part as the centre that can easily the second bearing 49b be embedded in three eccentric parts outside bent axle 48 is on the second eccentric part 48b by the roller 50 that will remove in advance.
And then, in second mode of execution, first to the 3rd eccentric part 48a～48c has identical in fact external diameter, and, first to the 3rd bearing 49a～49c has identical external diameter in fact with first to the 3rd eccentric part 48a～48c respectively and is mounted, so the first through hole 44e of first to the 3rd external tooth gear 44a～44c can form in fact with the footpath.Thus, the structure of first to the 3rd external tooth gear 44a～44c can be subdued so be used for the kind of the parts of retarder 10 by sharing.As a result, the component management in the time of can simplifying manufacture process and manufacturing.And then, the power transfering part that constitutes by the first eccentric part 48a, clutch shaft bearing 49a and the first external tooth gear 44a, with the power transfering part that constitutes by the second eccentric part 48b, the second bearing 49b and the second external tooth gear 44b, can form with shape and unidimensional with the power transfering part that constitutes by the 3rd eccentric part 48c, the 3rd bearing 49c and the 3rd external tooth gear 44c, so can prevent to transmit load off normal when driving, and can improve the intensity and the quality of power transfering part.In addition, first to the 3rd bearing 49a～49c all forms removably bearing of roller 50, so bearing is a kind of, can simplify component management.
In addition, in second mode of execution, the retainer 51 of the second bearing 49b has a pair of annulus 51a of portion and a plurality of pillar part 51bs of qualification roller 50 along the position of the Zhou Fangxiang of the second eccentric part 48b of the axial position of the second eccentric part 48b that limits roller 50.And a pair of annulus 51a of portion is embedded in outward that the second eccentric part 48b goes up and in the axle direction of the second eccentric part 48b arranged spaced with regulation.In addition, a plurality of pillar part 51b are set to connect a pair of annulus 51a of portion, and with the Zhou Fangxiang configuration of predetermined distance along the 51a of annulus portion.The retainer 51 of the second bearing 49b is owing to form such structure, so the retainer 51 of the simple structure that constitutes by 51a of annulus portion and pillar part 51b can keep each roller 50 reliably with predetermined distance around the second eccentric part 48b.
In addition, in second mode of execution, the 51a of annulus portion of retainer 51 have from axle direction see make the first eccentric part 48a and the second eccentric part 48b be accommodated in inner internal diameter, promptly than the big internal diameter of value of external diameter+2esin (θ/2) of the second eccentric part 48b, so can suppress outside the first eccentric part 48a side, to be embedded in the second eccentric part 48b annulus 51a of portion and first eccentric part 48a interference when going up along bent axle 48 as the second bearing 49b.
(the 3rd mode of execution)
Retarder under the 3rd mode of execution is the differential swing retarder identical with the retarder 10 of above-mentioned second mode of execution shown in Figure 11.Just the retarder of the 3rd mode of execution replaces first to the 3rd bearing 49a～49c of above-mentioned second mode of execution and uses first to three rollers bearing 149a～149c.
Particularly, in the retarder under the 3rd mode of execution, first to the 3rd eccentric part 48a～48c (spindle unit) of bent axle 48 with the state in the first through hole 44e that inserts the circle be located at first to the 3rd external tooth gear 44a～44c respectively respectively by first shown in Figure 16～18 to three rollers bearing 149a～149c supporting.
First to three rollers bearing 149a～149c has identical structure respectively, is made of 15 rollers 150 and retainer 151 respectively.And each roller 150 side face of along first to the 3rd eccentric part 48a～48c respectively is configured in respectively between the side face of the internal face of the above-mentioned first through hole 44e and first to the 3rd eccentric part 48a～48c.Thus, can accept well by each roller 150 balance from the load of first to the 3rd eccentric part 48a～48c.
Above-mentioned retainer 151 remains on each roller 150 around first to the 3rd eccentric part 48a～48c.And retainer 151 has a pair of annulus 151a of portion and three pillar part 151b.It is last or be embedded in the through hole 44e that a pair of annulus 151a of portion is embedded in first to the 3rd eccentric part 48a～48c outward, and respectively in abutting connection with the axial two end part of each roller 150.This a pair of annulus 151a of portion goes up the two end part of each roller 150 of butt respectively, thereby restriction roller 150 axially moves.The external diameter of the 151a of annulus portion is set at the internal diameter of the first through hole 44e roughly the same, and the internal diameter of the 151a of annulus portion is set at the little diameter of diameter than the circumference A of the axle center 150a that passes through each roller 150.In addition, that the external diameter of the 151a of annulus portion can be established than circumference A is big, and the internal diameter of the 151a of annulus portion is established roughly the samely with the external diameter of first to the 3rd eccentric part 48a～48c.
Three pillar part 151b are along the Zhou Fangxiang of the above-mentioned annulus 151a of portion, promptly the Zhou Fangxiang of first to the 3rd eccentric part 48a～48c uniformly-spaced is provided with every 120 °, and the two end part of the length direction of each pillar part 151b link with the above-mentioned a pair of annulus 151a of portion respectively.Each pillar part 151b be configured in respectively regulation roller 150 and and other rollers 150 of this roller 150 adjacency between.And, move to the Zhou Fangxiang of first to the 3rd eccentric part 48a～48c thereby the roller 150 of each pillar part 151b by the butt adjacency limits this roller.Five rollers 150 of configuration between adjacent pillar part 151b, 151b.Each has small gap equably this five rollers 150, and the friction impedance that then can suppress 150 on the roller of adjacency produces.
In addition, each pillar part 151b has as shown in figure 17 from the shape of direction lateral, the footpath inside bend of the 151a of annulus portion, and has intermediate portion 151c and linking department 151d and 151e integratedly.Intermediate portion 151c is the part of zone line that is positioned at the length direction of pillar part 151b, in the inboard of above-mentioned circumference A along the axle direction straight-line extension of roller 150.The outer end of the upper end of first linking department 151d binding intermediate portion 151c and the 151a of annulus portion of upside, the outer end of the lower end of second linking department 151e binding intermediate portion 151c and the 151a of annulus portion of downside.And linking department 151d extends downwards from the outer end of the 151a of annulus portion of upside, and extends towards the footpath of the 151a of annulus portion direction inboard and to oblique below.In addition, linking department 151e extends setting upward from the outer end of the 151a of annulus portion of downside, and, the inboard and extension obliquely upward towards the footpath of the 151a of annulus portion direction.And near the position the bound fraction of the intermediate portion 151c of linking department 151d and 151e is positioned on the above-mentioned circumference A side face of the side of this part butt roller 150 on above-mentioned circumference A.
In addition, the side face shape of the corresponding roller 150 of the side edge part of linking department 151d and 151e and bending, the side of linking department 151d and 151e is easily along the side face butt of roller 150.Thus, can increase the area of contact of the side face of the side of linking department 151d and 151e and roller 150, can stablize and suppress roller 150 by pillar part 151b and move to the Zhou Fangxiang of first to the 3rd eccentric part 48a～48c.
In addition, its width of linking department 151d and 151e is from the intermediate portion 151c side direction annulus 151a of portion side and becomes big gradually.In addition, move to the Zhou Fangxiang of first to the 3rd eccentric part 48a～48c, also can pillar part be set in the position of 150 on the roller on the above-mentioned circumference A for suppressing roller 150.Connect between a pair of annulus 151a of portion at the axle direction straight line of this said pillar part along roller 150.Just, in this case, the width of the each several part of pillar part is the width below the gap between the side face of the roller 150 of adjacency on the above-mentioned circumference A, is difficult to improve the intensity of pillar part.In the 3rd mode of execution, the width of linking department 151d and 151e becomes greatly gradually from the intermediate portion 151c side direction annulus 151a of portion side, so compare with situation as described above, improves the intensity of pillar part 151b.In addition, the each several part of the intermediate portion 151c of pillar part 151b, linking department 151d and 151e all forms thickness about equally, and a pair of annulus 151a of portion and each pillar part 151 usefulness resin material are one-body molded.
And, by forming first as mentioned above, be more than 87% below 98% thereby make roller filling between the side face of the internal face of the first through hole 44e and first to the 3rd eccentric part 48a～48c to three rollers bearing 149a～149c.In addition, be by formula in this said roller filling: length * 100 of the number of the diameter * roller 150 of roller 150/circumference A and trying to achieve.
In addition, when in the first through hole 44e of first to the 3rd external tooth gear 44a～44c, first to the 3rd eccentric part 48a～48c and first to three rollers bearing 149a～149c being installed, at first, each the retainer 151 outer first eccentric part 48a that are embedded in the first roller bearing 149a go up or are embedded in the through hole 44e.Afterwards, the direction outside, footpath from retainer 151 between each pillar part 151b of retainer 151 embeds five rollers 150, thereby disposes 15 rollers 150 around the first eccentric part 48a, and is keeping each roller 150 by retainer 151.This state down on one side from around be pressed into each roller 150 one side the first eccentric part 48a and the first roller bearing 149a inserted respectively in the first through hole 44e of the first external tooth gear 44a.Install too about the second roller bearing 149b and three rollers bearing 149c.Like this, be assembled into first to the 3rd eccentric part 48a～48c and first respectively to three rollers bearing 149a～149c among the first through hole 44e of first to the 3rd external tooth gear 44a～44c.
In addition, as in a through hole 44e, pack into first to the 3rd eccentric part 48a～48c and first the technology to three rollers bearing 149a～149c, be not limited to above-mentioned technology, also can be such technology, that is, in the first through hole 44e, behind the installation retainer 151, between each pillar part 151a of retainer 151, respectively set five rollers 150, afterwards, insert first to the 3rd eccentric part 48a～48c.
Retarder in the 3rd mode of execution and be used for structure beyond first to the 3rd ball bearing 149a～149c above-mentioned of this retarder is identical with the structure of the retarder 10 of above-mentioned second mode of execution and first to the 3rd bearing 49a～49c.
As above-mentioned illustrated, set five rollers 150 owing between the adjacent pillar part 151b of retainer 151 in the 3rd mode of execution, so compare with the situation of 150 configurations of each roller pillar part, with the few amount of the number of pillar part, can increase the number of the roller 150 around first to the 3rd eccentric part 48a～48c, i.e. roller filling between the side face of the inwall of the first through hole 44e and first to the 3rd eccentric part 48a～48c.Thus, from first to the 3rd eccentric part 48a～48c can further be disperseed the load that each roller 150 applies, so can prolong the life-span of each roller 150.
In addition, in the 3rd mode of execution, two end part owing to pillar part 151b in the retainer 151 link a pair of annulus 151a of portion respectively, so different with the distolateral unfixed structure of pillar part 151b, can suppress when roller 150 applies power, pushed by this power and off normal appears in pillar part 151b when pillar part 151b goes up.Thus, can suppress rocking of roller 150 that the off normal of pillar part 151b causes, and can suppress to rock the roller 150 that causes and tilt by this.Therefore, can suppress, so can suppress the breakage of the roller 150 that causes because of so excessive load because of roller 150 from first to the 3rd eccentric part 48a～48c that tilts applies excessive load to roller 150.
In addition, in the 3rd mode of execution, each roller 150 first to three rollers bearing 149a～149c remains in first to the 3rd eccentric part 48a～48c retainer 151 on every side, be configured in regulation roller 150 and and 150 on other rollers of this roller 150 adjacency and limit roller 150 and be provided with three with predetermined distance to the pillar part 151b that the Zhou Fangxiang of first to the 3rd eccentric part 48a～48c moves, so can limit roller 150 moving to the Zhou Fangxiang of first to the 3rd eccentric part 48a～48b by this pillar part 151b.Therefore, with not only a plurality of rollers 150 are not configured in across pillar part 151b first eccentric part 48a～48c around roller bearing compare, the gap that can suppress 150 on each roller is biased on the position of regulation of Zhou Fangxiang of first to the 3rd eccentric part 48a～48c.Thus, first to three rollers bearing 149a～149c when being assembled into first to the 3rd eccentric part 48a～48c, the impartial needed homework burden of the gap adjustment of 150 on each roller can be alleviated, so can alleviate first to three rollers bearing 149a～149c the burden to the installation exercise of first to the 3rd eccentric part 48a～48c.
In addition, in the 3rd mode of execution, pillar part 151b contains the intermediate portion 151c on the circumference A that is positioned at the axle center 150a by each roller 150, since this intermediate portion 151c on above-mentioned circumference A with the side face butt of roller 150, even be used under the situation of roller 150 so the Zhou Fangxiang of first to the 3rd eccentric part 48a～48c is the masterpiece of above-mentioned circumference A direction, the side face of roller 150 can not slide with respect to pillar part 151b yet.Therefore, roller 150 moves and can effectively be suppressed to the Zhou Fangxiang of first to the 3rd eccentric part 48a～48c, rocks to the Zhou Fangxiang of first to the 3rd eccentric part 48a～48c so can suppress roller 150 effectively.
(the 4th mode of execution)
In the retarder 10 (with reference to Figure 19) of the 4th mode of execution, its improvements are to have on the structure of the bent axle 248 (eccentric shaft) that connects first to the 3rd external tooth gear 44a～44c setting.
Particularly, as shown in figure 20, bent axle 248 devices spaced apart on the Zhou Fangxiang of first to the 3rd external tooth gear 44a～44c is provided with three.And each bent axle 248 one shown in Figure 21 and 22 has gear assembly department 248a, the first axle part 248b, the second axle part 248c, the first eccentric part 248d, the second eccentric part 248e, the 3rd eccentric part 248f, the first linking department 248g, the second linking department 248h, the 3rd linking department 248i and the 4th linking department 248j.
Gear assembly department 248a is located at the upper end portion of bent axle 248, to the outstanding configuration in the top of the crankshaft bearing 56 (second crankshaft bearing: with reference to Figure 19) of upside.This gear assembly department 248a goes up the outer driven external tooth gear 59 that is embedded with and drives external tooth gear 29 engagements.And bent axle 248 is decelerated with the gear ratio that drives external tooth gear 29 and driven external tooth gear 59, with driven external tooth gear 59 one rotation and revolution.
The first axle part 248b forms cylindric and is located at the underpart of bent axle 248.And the first axle part 248b free rotary ground supporting is on the crankshaft bearing 57 (first crankshaft bearing: with reference to Figure 19) of downside.The second axle part 248c forms cylindric, and is located at the downside of said gear assembly department 248a.And the second axle part 248c as shown in figure 22, have the axle center C2 with the axle center C1 arranged coaxial of the first axle part 248b, and free rotary ground supporting is on the crankshaft bearing 56 of above-mentioned upside.In addition, the axle center C1 of the first axle part 248b and the second axle part 248c and C2 become the rotating center of bent axle 248.
First to the 3rd eccentric part 248d～248f is located between the first axle part 248b and the second axle part 248c.Axially oneself descends arranged in order to this first to the 3rd eccentric part 248d～248f.And first to the 3rd eccentric part 248d～248f forms cylindric respectively, and has with respect to the axle center C1 of above-mentioned the first axle part 248b and the second axle part 248c and C2 respectively with the eccentric axle center C3～C5 of eccentric amount e (with reference to Figure 23).And the first adjacent eccentric part 248d has different rotatable phase mutually with the second eccentric part 248e, and the second adjacent eccentric part 248e has different rotatable phase mutually with the 3rd eccentric part 248f.First to the 3rd eccentric part 248a～248c is configured to have the θ angle respectively (with reference to Figure 23: phase difference θ in the present embodiment=about 120 °).
The first linking department 248g is located between the adjacent the first axle part 248b and the first eccentric part 248d, and this first axle part 248b and the first eccentric part 248d are linked mutually.And the first linking department 248g has with the coaxial axle center C6 of the axle center C1 of the first axle part 248b and forms, and littler than the first axle part 248b diameter.The second linking department 248h is located between adjacent the second axle part 248c and the 3rd eccentric part 248f, and this second axle part 248c and the 3rd eccentric part 248f are linked mutually.And the second linking department 248h has the axle center C7 coaxial with the axle center C2 of the second axle part 248c, and littler than the second axle part 248c diameter.
The 3rd linking department 248i is located between the adjacent first eccentric part 248d and the second eccentric part 248e, and this first eccentric part 248d and the second eccentric part 248e are linked mutually.And the 3rd linking department 248i is formed on the oblique line scope among Figure 24 when axle direction is seen.That is, the 3rd linking department 248i sees on the scope A3 that the scope A2 that scope A1, the first eccentric part 248d that the first eccentric part 248d that is formed on its both sides and the second eccentric part 248e overlap run off from the scope A1 of this coincidence and the second eccentric part 248e run off from axle direction.And in the section vertical with axle direction, the circular arc that forms the periphery of the 3rd linking department 248i in the scope A2 that the above-mentioned first eccentric part 248d runs off has the coaxial center of axle center C4 with the second eccentric part 248e.On the other hand, in the section vertical with axle direction, the circular arc that forms the periphery of the 3rd linking department 248i in the scope A3 that the above-mentioned second eccentric part 248e runs off has the coaxial center of axle center C3 with the first eccentric part 248d.
And as shown in figure 22, the 3rd linking department 248i contains recess 258a and 258b, rake 259a and 259b.The second eccentric part 248e side of the recess 258a and the first eccentric part 248d is provided with continuously, in the complete cycle formation of the 3rd linking department 248i.This recess 258a (with reference to Figure 26) is formed on the direction inboard, footpath of the first eccentric part 248d.And the scope A2 side that the above-mentioned first eccentric part 248d of scope A3 side direction that the width on the axle direction of recess 258a runs off from the above-mentioned second eccentric part 248e runs off diminishes gradually.
The second eccentric part 248e side of rake 259a and recess 258a is provided with continuously.This rake 259a is formed in the scope A3 that the above-mentioned second eccentric part 248e runs off.And the axial section of rake 259a forms the straight line type taper of expanding towards the footpath direction outside gradually to the second eccentric part 248e side, and has about 15 ° cone angle.And above-mentioned rake 259a and above-mentioned recess 258a have the coaxial center of axle center C3 with the first eccentric part 248d.
The first eccentric part 248d side of the recess 258b and the second eccentric part 248e is provided with continuously, and forms at the complete cycle of the 3rd linking department 248i.This recess 258b is formed on the direction inboard, footpath of the second eccentric part 248e.And the scope A3 side that the above-mentioned second eccentric part 248e of scope A2 side direction that the width on the axle direction of recess 258b runs off from the above-mentioned first eccentric part 248d runs off diminishes gradually.
The first eccentric part 248d side of rake 259b and recess 258b is provided with continuously.This rake 259b is formed in the scope A2 that the above-mentioned first eccentric part 248d runs off.And the axle direction section of rake 259b forms the straight line type taper of expanding towards the footpath direction outside gradually to the first eccentric part 248d side, and has about 15 ° cone angle.And above-mentioned rake 259b and above-mentioned recess 258b have the coaxial center of axle center C4 with the second eccentric part 248e.
The 4th linking department 248j is located between the adjacent second eccentric part 248e and the 3rd eccentric part 248f, and this second eccentric part 248e and the 3rd eccentric part 248f are linked mutually.And the 4th linking department 248j is formed on the oblique line scope among Figure 25 when axle direction is seen.That is, the 4th linking department 248j sees on the scope A5 and A6 that scope A4, the second eccentric part 248e that the second eccentric part 248e that is formed on its both sides and the 3rd eccentric part 248f overlap and the 3rd eccentric part 248f run off from the scope A4 of this coincidence respectively from axle direction.And in the section vertical with axle direction, the circular arc that forms the periphery of the 4th linking department 248j in the scope A5 that the above-mentioned second eccentric part 248e runs off has the coaxial center of axle center C5 with the 3rd eccentric part 248f.On the other hand, in the section vertical with axle direction, the interior circular arc that forms the periphery of the 4th linking department 248j of the scope A6 that above-mentioned the 3rd eccentric part 248f runs off has the coaxial center of axle center C4 with the second eccentric part 248e.
And the 4th linking department 248j contains recess 268a and 268b, rake 269a and 269b.The second eccentric part 248e side of recess 268a and the 3rd eccentric part 248f is provided with continuously, in the complete cycle formation of the 4th linking department 248j.This recess 268a is formed on the direction inboard, footpath of the 3rd eccentric part 248f.And the scope A6 side that above-mentioned the 3rd eccentric part 248f of scope A5 side direction that the width on the axle direction of recess 268a runs off from the above-mentioned second eccentric part 248e runs off diminishes gradually.
The second eccentric part 248e side of rake 269a and recess 268a is provided with continuously.This rake 269a is formed in the scope A5 that the above-mentioned second eccentric part 248e runs off.And the axial section of rake 269a forms the straight line type taper of expanding towards the footpath direction outside gradually to the second eccentric part 248e side, and has about 15 ° cone angle.And above-mentioned rake 269a and above-mentioned recess 268a have the coaxial center of axle center C5 with the 3rd eccentric part 248f.
The 3rd eccentric part 248f side of the recess 268b and the second eccentric part 248e is provided with continuously, in the complete cycle formation of the 4th linking department 248j.This recess 268b is formed on the direction inboard, footpath of the second eccentric part 248e.And the scope A5 side that the above-mentioned second eccentric part 248e of scope A6 side direction that the axial width of recess 268b runs off from above-mentioned the 3rd eccentric part 248f runs off diminishes gradually
The 3rd eccentric part 248f side of rake 269b and recess 268b is provided with continuously.This rake 269b is formed in the scope A6 that above-mentioned the 3rd eccentric part 248f runs off.And the axle direction section of rake 269b forms the straight line type taper of expanding towards the footpath direction outside gradually to the 3rd eccentric part 248f side, and has about 15 ° cone angle.And above-mentioned rake 269b and above-mentioned recess 268b have the coaxial center of axle center C4 with the second eccentric part 248e.
The above-mentioned structure in addition of the retarder 10 of the 4th mode of execution is identical with the structure of the retarder 10 of above-mentioned first mode of execution.
The following describes the manufacture method of the bent axle 248 of the 4th mode of execution.
In this manufacture method, at first, prepare the material 200 (with reference to Figure 24) of bent axle 248.Prepare to see the columned metallic material of the diameter of each several part with interior bag bent axle 248 from axle direction as the material 200 of this bent axle 248.And, after the material 200 of this bent axle 248 is blocked by chuck, with the axle center C1 of the first axle part 248b and the second axle part 248c and C2 be center rotation on one side by the form zone that form zone and the second axle part 248c of the first axle part 248b of the material 200 of cutting tool (バ イ ト) 500 cutting bent axles 248 on one side.Thus, form the first axle part 248b and the second axle part 248c.
Secondly, block the material 200 of bent axle 248 by eccentric chuck after, on one side be the center rotation with the axle center C3 of the first eccentric part 248d, cut the formation zone of the first eccentric part 248d of the material 200 of bent axle 248 on one side.At this moment, while cutting tool 500 is cut from the first axle part 248b side direction the second axle part 248c side shifting with respect to the material 200 of bent axle 248.Thus, form the first eccentric part 248d.
And, afterwards, be that the center makes material 200 rotations of bent axle 248 on one side with the formation zone of identical cutting tool 500 cuttings in abutting connection with the recess 258a of the second axle part 248c side of the first eccentric part 248d with identical axle center C3 on one side continuously.And then, afterwards, continuously on one side with identical axle center C3 be the center make bent axle 248 material 200 rotations on one side with identical cutting tool 500 cuttings, thereby form the part of taper continuously with the second axle part 248c side of recess 258a.The outer end of the section axially of the part of this taper is to the abducent straight line type taper of the second eccentric part 248e side.
Secondly, after the axle center C4 side shifting of the above-mentioned second eccentric part 248e of the axial rotary of the material 200 of the bent axle 248 that above-mentioned eccentric chuck blocks, on one side with the axle center C4 of this second eccentric part 248e be the center make bent axle 248 material 200 rotations on one side with the formation zone of the cutting tool 500 cuttings second eccentric part 248e.At this moment, make cutting tool 500 with respect to the material 200 of bent axle 248 from the second axle part 248c side direction the first axle part 248b side shifting and cut.Like this, form the second eccentric part 248e.
And, afterwards, be that the center makes material 200 rotations of bent axle 248 on one side with the formation zone of identical cutting tool 500 cuttings in abutting connection with the recess 258b of the first eccentric part 248d side of the second eccentric part 248e with identical axle center C4 on one side continuously.At this moment cut the part of the part of above-mentioned taper.In addition, at this moment, in the part of above-mentioned taper, comfortable axle direction sees that the part of the scope A2 side that scope A1 that the first eccentric part 248d and the second eccentric part 248e overlap runs off to the first eccentric part 248d is machined away in a large number.On the other hand, in the part of above-mentioned taper, comfortable axle direction sees that the scope A1 that the first eccentric part 248d and the second eccentric part 248e overlap tails off gradually to the scope A3 side chipping allowance that the second eccentric part 248e runs off, and tails off gradually to this scope A3 side bite.Like this, form in abutting connection with the recess 258b of the first eccentric part 248d side of the second eccentric part 248e.
And then afterwards, by continuously on one side with identical axle center C4 be the center make bent axle 248 material 200 rotations on one side with identical cutting tool 500 cuttings, form the part of taper continuously with the first eccentric part 248d side of recess 258b.The outer end that the part of this taper forms section axially is to the abducent straight line type taper of the first eccentric part 248d side.And, at this moment, the scope A2 side that runs off at the above-mentioned first eccentric part 248d machines away the part that forms taper from the above-mentioned first eccentric part 248d side, so and the scope A3 side that runs off at the above-mentioned second eccentric part 248e because the material 200 of cutting tool 500 and bent axle 248 does not contact cuts.Like this, form in the scope A2 that the above-mentioned first eccentric part 248d runs off from recess 258b to the continuous rake 259b of the first eccentric part 248d side, and in the scope A3 that the above-mentioned second eccentric part 248e runs off, form from recess 258a to the continuous rake 259a of the second eccentric part 248e side.And, form the 3rd linking department 248i by this rake 259a and 259b and recess 258a and 258b.
Secondly, on one side with identical axle center C4 be the center make bent axle 248 material 200 rotations on one side with the formation zone of the recess 268b of the second axle part 248c side adjacency of identical cutting tool 500 cuttings and the second eccentric part 248e.And then afterwards, be that the center is cut material 200 rotations of bent axle 248 on one side with identical cutting tool 500 on one side continuously, thereby form the part of taper continuously with the second axle part 248c side of recess 268b with identical axle center C4.The part of this taper forms the outer end of section axially to the abducent gradually straight line type taper of the second axle part 248c side.
Then, after using the axle center C5 side shifting of above-mentioned the 3rd eccentric part 248f of axial rotary of material 200 of the bent axle 248 that above-mentioned eccentric chuck blocks, on one side with the axle center C5 of the 3rd eccentric part 248f be the center make bent axle 248 material 200 rotations on one side with the formation zone of cutting tool 500 cuttings the 3rd eccentric part 248f.At this moment, on one side cutting tool 500 is cut from the second axle part 248c side direction the first axle part 248b side shifting with respect to the material 200 of bent axle 248 on one side.Like this, form the 3rd eccentric part 248f.
Afterwards, be that the center makes material 200 rotations of bent axle 248 on one side with the formation zone of identical cutting tool 500 cuttings with the recess 268a of the second eccentric part 248e side adjacency of the 3rd eccentric part 248f with identical axle center C5 on one side continuously.At this moment, the part of the part of the taper that forms continuously with the second axle part 248c side of above-mentioned recess 268b is cut.In addition, at this moment, comfortable axle direction sees that the part of the scope A5 side that scope A4 that the second eccentric part 248a and the 3rd eccentric part 248f overlap runs off to the second eccentric part 248e is machined away in a large number in the part of this taper.On the other hand, in this taper part, comfortable axle direction sees that the scope A4 that the second eccentric part 248e and the 3rd eccentric part 248f overlap tails off gradually to the scope A6 side chipping allowance that the 3rd eccentric part 248f runs off, and tails off gradually to this scope A6 side bite.Like this, form in abutting connection with the recess 268a of the second eccentric part 248e side of the 3rd eccentric part 248f.
And then, afterwards, continuously on one side with identical axle center C5 be the center make bent axle 248 material 200 rotations on one side with identical cutting tool 500 cuttings, form the part of taper continuously with the second eccentric part 248e side of recess 268a.The outer end that the part of this taper forms section axially is to the abducent straight line type taper of the second eccentric part 248e side.And, at this moment, the scope A5 side that runs off at the above-mentioned second eccentric part 248e, the part that forms taper with the second axle part 248c side of above-mentioned recess 268b continuously is cut, on the other hand, thus the scope A6 side that runs off at above-mentioned the 3rd eccentric part 248f because the material 200 of cutting tool 500 and bent axle 248 does not contact cuts.Like this, form in the scope A5 that the above-mentioned second eccentric part 248e runs off from recess 268a to the continuous rake 269a of the second eccentric part 248e side, and in the scope A6 that above-mentioned the 3rd eccentric part 248f runs off, form from recess 268b to the continuous rake 269b of the 3rd eccentric part 248f side.And, form the 4th linking department 248j by this rake 269a and 269b and recess 268a and 268b.
Secondly, the axial rotary the first axle part 248b of material 200 of bent axle 248 and axle center C1 and the C2 of the second axle part 248c are moved, be that the center makes material 200 rotations of bent axle 248 use the formation zone of the thin cutting tool cutting of the blade different with above-mentioned cutting tool 500 and the first linking department 248g of the first eccentric part 248d side adjacency of the first axle part 248b on one side on one side with this axle center C1 and C2, and the formation zone of the second linking department 248h of the 3rd eccentric part 248f side adjacency of cutting and the second axle part 248c.Thus, form the first linking department 248g and the second linking department 248h.
Afterwards, the material 200 of bent axle 248 is carried out Carburization Treatment, afterwards, the moccasin 600 (with reference to Figure 26) that the surface of first to the 3rd eccentric part 248d～248f is used as abrasive tool carries out grinding disposing respectively.At this moment, among the first eccentric part 248d, Yi Bian the material 200 that makes bent axle 248 is the center rotation with the axle center C3 of the first eccentric part 248d, grind on the surface that makes moccasin 600 contact the first eccentric part 248d on one side.Then, when as shown in figure 26 the end of the 3rd linking department 248i side of the first eccentric part 248d being ground, the recess 258a of the 3rd linking department 248i plays the effect of avoiding the portion of keeping out of the way that interferes with moccasin 600.For example, there is not recess 258a on the 3rd linking department 248i, under the situation that the rake 259b and the first eccentric part 248d are provided with continuously, grind while be difficult to avoid moccasin 600 to be contacted to the end of the first eccentric part 248d with rake 259b interference.In the present embodiment, owing to be provided with recess 258a, so also can avoid interference with the 3rd linking department 248i even moccasin 600 more or less runs off the 3rd linking department 248i from the first eccentric part 248d.Therefore, the end that can precision be ground to the 3rd linking department 248i side of the first eccentric part 248d well.
And, in the grinding of the second eccentric part 248e, while the material 200 that makes bent axle 248 is that grind on the surface that the center rotation makes moccasin 600 contact the second eccentric part 248e with the axle center C4 of the second eccentric part 248e.At this moment, the same with above-mentioned recess 258a, the recess 258b of the 3rd linking department 248i is when the end of the 3rd linking department 248i side of grinding the second eccentric part 248e, play the effect of avoiding with the portion of keeping out of the way of the interference of moccasin 600, the recess 268b of the 4th linking department 248j plays the effect of avoiding with the portion of keeping out of the way of the interference of moccasin 600 when the end of the 4th linking department 248j side of grinding the second eccentric part 248e.Thus, can precision grind surface to the three linking department 248i sides of the second eccentric part 248e and the end of the 4th linking department 248j side well.
And, in the grinding of the 3rd eccentric part 248f, while the material 200 that makes bent axle 248 is that grind on the surface that the center rotation makes moccasin 600 contact the 3rd eccentric part 248f with the axle center C5 of the 3rd eccentric part 248f.At this moment, the same with above-mentioned recess 258a, the recess 268a of the 4th linking department 248j plays the effect of avoiding with the portion of keeping out of the way of the interference of moccasin 600 when the end of the 4th linking department 248j side of grinding the 3rd eccentric part 248f.Thus, can grind the end of surface to the four linking department 248j sides of the 3rd eccentric part 248f reliably.As above, form the bent axle 248 of present embodiment.
As described above, in the bent axle 248 of the 4th mode of execution, the 3rd linking department 248i have with the first eccentric part 248d continuously, be formed on the recess 258a of the direction inboard, footpath of this first eccentric part 248d, and have with the second eccentric part 248e continuously and be formed on the recess 258b of the direction inboard, footpath of this second eccentric part 248e.Therefore, the end of the first eccentric part 248d is during by abrasive machining, even moccasin 600 runs off the interference that the second eccentric part 248e side also can be avoided moccasin 600 and the 3rd linking department 248i.In addition, though the end of the second eccentric part 248e during by abrasive machining moccasin 600 run off the interference that the first eccentric part 248d side also can be avoided moccasin 600 and the 3rd linking department 248i.In addition, in the bent axle 248 of the 4th mode of execution, the 4th linking department 248j have with the second eccentric part 248e continuously and be formed on the recess 268b of the direction inboard, footpath of this second eccentric part 248e, and have with the 3rd eccentric part 248f continuously and be formed on the recess 268a of the direction inboard, footpath of the 3rd eccentric part 248f.Therefore, even moccasin 600 runs off the interference that the 3rd eccentric part 248f side also can be avoided moccasin 600 and the 4th linking department 248j when the end of the abrasive machining second eccentric part 248e, in addition, though the end of the 3rd eccentric part 248f during by abrasive machining moccasin 600 run off the interference that the second eccentric part 248e side also can be avoided moccasin 600 and the 4th linking department 248j.Thus, the first eccentric part 248d, the second eccentric part 248e and the 3rd eccentric part 248f respectively precision be worked into the end well.
In addition, in the bent axle 248 in the 4th mode of execution, from axle direction, the 3rd linking department 248i is formed on the scope A3 that scope A2 that scope A1, the first eccentric part 248d that the first eccentric part 248d of its both sides and the second eccentric part 248e overlap run off from the scope A1 of this coincidence and the second eccentric part 248e run off.Therefore, compare, can increase the sectional area of the 3rd linking department 248i of the section vertical with axle direction with the structure that forms linking department in only the first eccentric part 248d and the second eccentric part 248e overlap when axle direction is seen the scope A1.And the 4th linking department 248j sees on the scope A5 and A6 that the scope A4 that the second eccentric part 248e that is formed on its both sides and the 3rd eccentric part 248f overlap and the second eccentric part 248e and the 3rd eccentric part 248f run off from this coincidence scope A4 respectively at axle direction.Therefore, compare, can increase the sectional area of the 4th linking department 248i of the section vertical with axle direction with the structure that when axle direction is seen, only in the scope A4 of the second eccentric part 248e and the 3rd eccentric part 248f coincidence, forms linking department.By above structure, in the 4th mode of execution, the intensity of the 3rd linking department 248i and the 4th linking department 248j can improve, so can improve the intensity of bent axle 248.
In addition, in the bent axle 248 of the 4th mode of execution, in the section vertical with axle direction, the circular arc that forms the periphery of the 3rd linking department 248i in the scope A2 that the above-mentioned first eccentric part 248d runs off has the coaxial center of axle center C4 with the second eccentric part 248e, and the circular arc that forms the periphery of the 3rd linking department 248i in the scope A3 that the above-mentioned second eccentric part 248e runs off has the coaxial center of axle center C3 with the first eccentric part 248d.Thus, on one side with the axle center C4 of the second eccentric part 248e be the center make bent axle 248 material 200 rotations on one side cutting form the periphery and the second eccentric part 248e of the 3rd linking department 248i in the scope A2 that the above-mentioned first eccentric part 248d runs off, and, on one side with the axle center C3 of the first eccentric part 248d be the center make bent axle 248 material 200 rotations on one side cutting form the periphery and the first eccentric part 248d of the 3rd linking department 248i in the scope A3 that the above-mentioned second eccentric part 248e runs off.Therefore, the running shaft that does not change the material 200 of bent axle 248 just can form the periphery and the second eccentric part 248e of the 3rd linking department 248i in the scope A2 that the above-mentioned first eccentric part 248d runs off with continuous operation.And the running shaft that does not change the material 200 of bent axle 248 just can form the periphery and the first eccentric part 248d of the 3rd linking department 248i in the scope A3 that the above-mentioned second eccentric part 248e runs off with continuous operation.And then, in the bent axle 248 of present embodiment, in the section vertical with axle direction, the interior circular arc that forms the periphery of the 4th linking department 248j of the scope A5 that the above-mentioned second eccentric part 248e runs off has the coaxial center of axle center C5 with the 3rd eccentric part 248f, and the interior circular arc that forms the periphery of the 4th linking department 248j of the scope A6 that above-mentioned the 3rd eccentric part 248f runs off has the coaxial center of axle center C4 with the above-mentioned second eccentric part 248e.Thus, on one side with the axle center C5 of the 3rd eccentric part 248f be the center make bent axle 248 material 200 rotations on one side cutting form periphery and the 3rd eccentric part 248f of the 4th linking department 248j in the scope A5 that the above-mentioned second eccentric part 248e runs off, and, on one side with the axle center C4 of the second eccentric part 248e be the center make bent axle 248 material 200 rotations on one side cutting form the periphery and the second eccentric part 248e of the 4th linking department 248j in the scope A6 that above-mentioned the 3rd eccentric part 248f runs off.Therefore, the running shaft that does not change the material 200 of bent axle 248 just can form periphery and the 3rd eccentric part 248f of the 4th linking department 248j in the scope A5 that the above-mentioned second eccentric part 248e runs off with continuous operation.And the running shaft that does not change the material 200 of bent axle 248 just can form the periphery and the second eccentric part 248e of the 4th linking department 248j in the scope A6 that above-mentioned the 3rd eccentric part 248f runs off with continuous operation.Therefore, in the bent axle 248 of the 4th mode of execution, the required operation of change of the running shaft of the material 200 of bent axle 248 during the formation that can subdue bent axle 248 is so can simplify the formation operation of bent axle 248.
In addition, in the bent axle 248 of the 4th mode of execution, contain the 3rd linking department 248i axially section in the scope A2 that the above-mentioned first eccentric part 248d runs off and form the rake 259b of straight line type taper, and contain in the scope A3 that the above-mentioned second eccentric part 248e runs off the rake 259a that axially section forms the straight line type taper.Therefore, can form the structure of the 3rd linking department 248i to the first eccentric part 248d and the level and smooth combination of the second eccentric part 248e.Thus, the structure that forms step difference with the 3rd linking department 248i in the bound fraction of the first eccentric part 248d and the second eccentric part 248e is compared, and the stress that the connecting part branch of the 3rd linking department 248i and the first eccentric part 248d and the second eccentric part 248e produces is concentrated and can be relaxed.In addition, in the bent axle 248 of the 4th mode of execution, the section that the 4th linking department 248j contains in the scope A5 that the above-mentioned second eccentric part 248e runs off axially forms the rake 269a of straight line type taper, and contains in the scope A6 that above-mentioned the 3rd eccentric part 248f runs off the rake 269b that axially section forms the straight line type taper.Therefore, can form the structure of the 4th linking department 248j to the second eccentric part 248e and the level and smooth combination of the 3rd eccentric part 248f.Thus, the structure that forms step difference with the 4th linking department 248j in the bound fraction of the second eccentric part 248e and the 3rd eccentric part 248f is compared, and the stress that the connecting part branch of the 4th linking department 248j and the second eccentric part 248e and the 3rd eccentric part 248f produces is concentrated and can be relaxed.Therefore, in the bent axle 248 of the 4th mode of execution, the stress that can suppress the bound fraction of the 3rd linking department 248i and the first eccentric part 248d and the second eccentric part 248e is concentrated and the stress of the bound fraction of the 4th linking department 248j and the second eccentric part 248e and the 3rd eccentric part 248f concentrates caused this bound fraction to chap.
In addition, in the manufacture method of the bent axle 248 of the 4th mode of execution, form the operation of the periphery of the 3rd linking department 248i in the scope A2 that the above-mentioned first eccentric part 248d runs off, with the operation that forms the second eccentric part 248e, by the axle center C4 with the second eccentric part 248e on one side is that the center is carried out material 200 rotations of bent axle 248 on one side with the series-operation that identical cutting tool 500 cuts the material 200 of bent axles 248, in addition, form the operation of the periphery of the 3rd linking department 248i in the scope A3 that the above-mentioned second eccentric part 248e runs off, with the operation that forms the first eccentric part 248d, be that the center is carried out material 200 rotations of bent axle 248 on one side with the series-operation that identical cutting tool 500 cuts the material 200 of bent axles 248 by the axle center C3 with the first eccentric part 248d on one side.
And then, in the manufacture method of this bent axle 248, form the operation of the periphery of the 4th linking department 248j in the scope A5 that the above-mentioned second eccentric part 248e runs off, with the operation that forms the 3rd eccentric part 248f, by the axle center C5 with the 3rd eccentric part 248f on one side is that the center is carried out the material rotation of bent axle 248 on one side with the series-operation that identical cutting tool 500 cuts the material 200 of bent axles 248, in addition, form the operation of the periphery of the 4th linking department 248j in the scope A6 that above-mentioned the 3rd eccentric part 248f runs off, with the operation that forms the second eccentric part 248e, be that the center is carried out material 200 rotations of bent axle 248 on one side with the series-operation that identical cutting tool 500 cuts the material 200 of bent axles 248 by the axle center C4 with the second eccentric part 248e on one side.As a result, the running shaft of the material 200 of the bent axle 248 in the time of can subduing bent axle 248 formation and the needed operation of replacing of cutting tool are so the formation operation of bent axle 248 can simplify.In addition, the kind of the needed cutting tool of formation of bent axle 248 is also subdued.
In addition, in the retarder 10 of the 4th mode of execution,, also can access effect with the above-mentioned bent axle 248 identical effect such with the intensity that improves bent axle 248 owing to use above-mentioned bent axle 248.And, be generally and make retarder 10 miniaturizations and make under the situation of above-mentioned first to the 3rd external tooth gear 44a～44c pathization, the required torque of this first to the 3rd external tooth gear 44a～44c rotation is increased, so the load to bent axle 248 increases when making first to the 3rd external tooth gear 44a～44c rotation from bent axle 248 transmission power.But,, in the retarder 10 of the 4th mode of execution, also can improve the intensity of bent axle 248 as described above, so can suppress the breakage of bent axle 248 even like this under the situation that the load that bent axle 248 is applied increases.Therefore, according to the retarder 10 of the 4th mode of execution, can either make retarder 10 miniaturizations also can suppress the breakage of bent axle 248.
(the 5th mode of execution)
In the retarder 10 of the 5th mode of execution, different with above-mentioned first to fourth mode of execution, 56,57 of the crankshaft bearings of supporting crankshaft 48 also are provided with the intermediate bearing parts 346 of this bent axle 48 of supporting.
Particularly, as shown in figure 27, closing that the inboard of cylindrical part 13 forms between base portion 35 and end plate portion 36 is equipped with external tooth gear 344,344 (external tooth gear parts) and intermediate bearing parts 346 in the space.And, connect these external tooth gears 344,344 and intermediate bearing parts 346 and set bent axle 348.
In addition, in the 5th mode of execution, the axle portion 337 that constitutes carriage 22 is divided into base portion side axle portion of being located on the base portion 35 341 and the end plate side axle portion of being located in the end plate portion 36 342.Base portion side axle portion 341 forms the column of axially extending upward above base portion 35, end plate side axle portion 342 forms the column of axially extending downwards below end plate portion 36.And base portion side axle portion 341 is located on the relative mutually position with end plate side axle portion 342.Axle portion 337 is provided with three at interval at Zhou Fangxiang as shown in figure 28, and each axle portion 337 forms the section general triangular.
Described external tooth gear 344 is provided with two at axle direction (above-below direction).Two external tooth gears 344 are same structures.As shown in figure 28, each external tooth gear 344 forms slightly forr a short time than the internal diameter of cylindrical part 13, has the external tooth 344a of engagement on the pin gear 31 of cylindrical part 13.The external tooth 344a of external tooth gear 344 lacks several for example one than the number of teeth of pin gear 31.
Each external tooth gear 344 is provided with the first through hole 344b and the second through hole 344c.The first through hole 344b forms circle.This first through hole 344b goes up to insert every the state of establishing roller bearing 350 and is connected with described bent axle 348.
The second through hole 344c interpolation is connected with axle portion 337.Form predetermined gap between this second through hole 344c and the axle portion 377 and form the general triangular bigger than the section of axle portion 377.The second through hole 344c is provided with corresponding to axle portion 337, so uniformly-spaced be provided with three at Zhou Fangxiang.
As shown in figure 27, bent axle 348 is by up and down a pair of crankshaft bearing 56,57 and described intermediate bearing parts 346 free rotary ground supportings.In addition, on the upper end portion of each outstanding above the crankshaft bearing 56 of upside bent axle 348, be respectively equipped with driven external tooth gear 59.These each driven external tooth gears 59 and described driving external tooth gear 29 engagements.The supporting structure of the bent axle 348 of employing crankshaft bearing 56,57 is identical with the structure of above-mentioned first mode of execution with the structure of the part that drives external tooth gear 29 with driven external tooth gear 59.
Bent axle 348 is provided with two eccentric part 348a, 348a of corresponding each external tooth gear 344 configuration and is configured in large-diameter portion 348b between two eccentric part 348a.Large-diameter portion 348b forms and concentric cylindric in the axle center of bent axle 348.On the other hand, each eccentric part 348a forms cylindric with respect to the axle center off-centre of bent axle 348, and two eccentric part 348a have the phase differences of 180 degree.And, dispose eccentric part 348a respectively in the first through hole 344b, the 344b of two external tooth gears 344,344, thus two external tooth gears 344,344 with phase place stagger mutually 180 degree states and cylindrical part 13 pin gear 31 engagements and revolve round the sun.
Above-mentioned intermediate bearing parts 346 shown in Figure 29 and 30, form discoid.The periphery of above-mentioned intermediate bearing parts 346 and be configured to form the gap between the circle-shaped above-mentioned pin gear 31.
Intermediate bearing parts 346 are configured in 344,344 of two external tooth gears.And intermediate bearing parts 346 sandwich and are bearing in 342 of base portion side axle portion 341 and end plate side axle portion.That is, axle portion 337 is located at three places, and intermediate bearing parts 346 are by each axle portion 337 supporting.In other words, the intermediate bearing parts 346 that are provided with on each bent axle 348 form one by shared.
Intermediate bearing parts 346, as shown in figure 31, the part corresponding with base portion side axle portion 341 and end plate side axle portion 342 forms thickly slightly.The heavy section 346a that this forms thickly forms the section general triangular.On the other hand, be respectively equipped with protuberance 341a on top (front-end face) of each base portion side axle portion 341.This protuberance 341a is respectively formed at leaning in the triangular apex portion at center on the front-end face, and each protuberance 341a engages with the side by the center of the heavy section 346a of intermediate bearing parts 346.Like this, each base portion side axle portion 341 and intermediate bearing parts 346 received tightly embedding (Yin ?embedding め ら れ Ru).In addition, also similarly form protuberance 342a on following (front-end face) of each end plate side axle portion 342 respectively, intermediate bearing parts 346 and end plate side axle portion 342 are received embedding equally tightly.
Base portion side axle portion 341 is provided with the band bolt hole 341b at the end, and position corresponding with this bolt hole 341b on end plate side axle portion 342 and the intermediate bearing parts 346 is provided with bolt insertion hole 342b, 346b.And, insert the bolt 52 of this bolt insertion hole 342b, 346b and the bolt hole 341b of base portion side axle portion 341 and screw togather.In addition, be respectively equipped with pin-and- hole 341c, 342c, 346c on base portion side axle portion 341, end plate side axle portion 342 and the intermediate bearing parts 346, across these pin-and- holes 341c, 342c, 346c and insert pin 53.Thus, above-mentioned base portion 35, intermediate bearing parts 346 and end plate portion 36 are well turned up the soil mutually and are fixed.And base portion 35, intermediate bearing parts 346 and end plate portion 36 are integral and rotate around the axle center of cylindrical part 13.
Intermediate bearing parts 346 are provided with and make bent axle 348 insert logical bent axle inserting hole 346d.In the present embodiment, bent axle 348 is provided with three, so bent axle inserting hole 346d also is provided with three.Embed roller bearing 354 among the bent axle inserting hole 346d, across the large-diameter portion 348b of these roller bearing 354 supporting crankshafts 348.
Intermediate bearing parts 346 are configured on the middle position of bent axle 348 directions of 56,57 of two crankshaft bearings.And, bent axle 348 56,57 of two crankshaft bearings by 346 supportings of intermediate bearing parts.
Structure in the retarder 10 in the 5th mode of execution except that above-mentioned is identical with the structure of the retarder 10 of above-mentioned first mode of execution.
Below, the action of the retarder 10 of the 5th mode of execution is described.
Live axle 25 up to bent axle 348 corresponding drive motor 16 rotates and carry out the same with the action of above-mentioned first mode of execution of action of rotation.Then, bent axle 348 rotations make eccentric part 348a rotation, and two external tooth gears 344 mesh revolution on one side with pin gear 31 on one side thus, and therefore bent axle 348 also revolves round the sun thereupon.At this moment, the revolution of external tooth gear 344 is slowed down significantly with respect to the revolution of bent axle 348.And, along with the revolution of two external tooth gears 344, axle portion 337 revolution, carriage 22 whole rotations.Thus, transmit the rotating speed rotation that gear 39 slows down significantly with the rotating speed with respect to drive motor 16.
As mentioned above, according to the 5th mode of execution, 56,57 of the crankshaft bearings of supporting crankshaft 348 are provided with intermediate bearing parts 346, and these intermediate bearing parts 346 further form the structure of supporting crankshaft 348, so can reduce the load that crankshaft bearing 56,57 is subjected to.As a result, the distortion of bent axle 348 and distortion are suppressed and can be made crankshaft bearing 56,57 pathizations.Thus, bent axle 348 can be realized the pathization of retarder 10 near the center configuration of carriage 22.
In addition, in the 5th mode of execution, intermediate bearing parts 346, shake or are out of shape so can effectively prevent intermediate bearing parts 346 on axle portion 337 in a plurality of fixed-site of Zhou Fangxiang.And, cut apart axle portion 337 owing to form, between them, sandwich the structure of intermediate bearing parts 346, so can effectively improve bearing strength, the result can reliably prevent shaking of intermediate bearing parts 346.
In addition, in the 5th mode of execution, 13 of intermediate bearing parts 346 and cylindrical part are provided with the gap, but also can be by cylindrical part 13 supportings on the outer circumferential face of intermediate bearing parts 346.At this moment, intermediate bearing parts 346 can be only with the internal-gear parts carry, also can support with both with axle portion 337.Thus, the area at the position that intermediate bearing parts 346 are supported can be increased, and intermediate bearing parts 346 can be supported with complete cycle.As a result, the supporting force of intermediate bearing parts 346 increases, so intermediate bearing parts 346 can be able to pathization.In addition, because intermediate bearing parts 346 so can suppress shaking of intermediate support parts 346, can suppress shaking of bent axle 348 by the outer circumferential face supporting thus.As a result, the load that acts on crankshaft bearing 56,57 can be further reduced, thereby more pathization of crankshaft bearing 56,57 can be made.In addition, owing to utilize the high cylindrical part of rigidity 13,, supports component number intermediate bearing parts 346 effectively so being increased.
In addition, in the 5th mode of execution, intermediate bearing parts 346 are configured in the middle position of bent axle 348 directions of 56,57 of crankshaft bearings, so the load equalization that two crankshaft bearings 56,57 can be subjected to.Thus, bent axle 348 can being balanced property support well, and can prevent that the bent axle 348 of a side from maximizing.
In addition, in the 5th mode of execution, form the structure of a plurality of bent axles 348 by 346 supportings of intermediate bearing parts.Therefore, can prevent that component number from increasing, and improves the bearing strength of bent axle 348.In addition, formation is provided with the structure of intermediate bearing parts 346 to each bent axle 348, then for preventing the interference between them, each intermediate bearing parts 346 need be disposed side by side at axle direction, but by as the 5th mode of execution that intermediate bearing parts 346 are shared, can be at a position supporting crankshaft 348 of 56,57 on bent axle, the result, it is elongated to suppress bent axle 348.
(other mode of executions)
In addition, in the mode of execution disclosed herein, everyway is example rather than determinate record.Scope of the present invention do not illustrated with the explanation of mode of execution, but illustrated with the scope of claims protection, in addition, comprises in it in the implication of equalization and the whole distortion in the scope with the scope of claims yet.
For example, replace each external tooth gear 44a～44c to above-mentioned first mode of execution to mesh the structure of 1/3rd pin gear 31 respectively, also the number to the pin gear 31 of each external tooth gear 44a～44c engagement can be set at different numbers.For example, each external tooth gear 44a～44c can mesh with pin gear 31 in the scope of 115 degree, 115 degree, 130 degree respectively.Like this, though the scope of pin gear 31 engagements is different, but the scope of engagement just in time becomes 360 degree, then can alleviate the load that each pin gear 31 is subjected to, so be preferred like this.But wherein, each external tooth gear 44a～44c is if be discontented with 180 degree respectively with the scope of pin gear 31 engagements, even then the scope of engagement surpasses 360 degree on the whole sometimes, but the number of the pin gear 31 that meshes simultaneously with two external tooth gear 44a～44c reduces, reduced the rotation impedance than in the past situation, so that integral body is not set in 360 degree is passable yet.
In addition, under the different situation of the scope of above-mentioned pin gear 31 engagements, the scope of preferred pin gear 31 engagements of each external tooth gear 44a～44c is set in more than 90 degree.In addition, if an external tooth gear 44a～44c is meshed plural pin gear 31, then carry out work as retarder 10.
In addition, in first mode of execution, the example about the tooth top of pruning has been described, but has been not limited to this.For example, also can machine away tooth root portion 62, or tooth top portion 61 and tooth root portion 62 are all excised.Under the situation that tooth top portion 61 and tooth root portion 62 all excise, pin gear 31 does not contact with the tooth top of external tooth gear 44a～44c, and yet not contact at the bottom of teeth groove.At the bottom of this tooth top and teeth groove,, reduce so can suppress the rotation efficiency of external tooth gear 44a～44c under the situation of all excising at the bottom of tooth top and the teeth groove owing to be difficult to act on the power of Zhou Fangxiang.
In addition, in above-mentioned second mode of execution, the 3rd bearing 49c, the second bearing 49b and clutch shaft bearing 49a are installed on the bent axle 48 in turn, but the present invention is not limited to this, also clutch shaft bearing 49a, the second bearing 49b and the 3rd bearing 49c can be installed in turn on bent axle 48.In addition, the order of the second bearing 49b, clutch shaft bearing 49a and the 3rd bearing 49c or the order of the second bearing 49b, the 3rd bearing 49c and clutch shaft bearing 49a also can be installed installs.
In addition, in above-mentioned second mode of execution, the second bearing 49b axially is entrenched on the second eccentric part 48b from the first eccentric part 48a side of bent axle 48, but the present invention is not limited to this, and the second bearing 49b also can axially be entrenched on the second eccentric part 48b from the 3rd eccentric part 48c side of bent axle 48.
In addition, in above-mentioned second mode of execution, roller 50 releasably constitutes retainer 51 in the footpath of the bent axle 48 direction outside, but the present invention is not limited to this, and roller 50 also can load and unload and formation retainer 51 along the axle direction of bent axle 48.
In addition, in above-mentioned second mode of execution, all rollers 50 can be from retainer 51 loading and unloading, but the present invention is not limited to this, also can be that at least one roller 50 can load and unload and constitutes retainer 51.In this case, can be that the roller 50 of regulation can load and unload, and the roller 50 beyond it fixedly remain on the retainer 51.
In addition, in above-mentioned second mode of execution, whole formation rollers 50 of first to the 3rd bearing 49a～49c are bearing removably, but the present invention is not limited to this, also can be that at least one of clutch shaft bearing 49a and the 3rd bearing 49c constitutes the bearing that roller 50 can not load and unload.
In addition, except above-mentioned second mode of execution, also can prevent that roller 50 is installed in retainer 51 from the supporting tool that retainer 51 comes off with being used to.Under such structure, when the retainer 51 that will keep roller 50 is installed on the bent axle 48, can prevent that roller 50 from coming off from retainer 51.In addition, this supporting tool can be such structure: after in the first through hole 44e that first to the 3rd eccentric part 48a～48c and first to the 3rd bearing 49a～49c of bent axle 48 is accommodated in first to the 3rd external tooth gear 44a～44c respectively, and the structure that can pull down.
In addition, in above-mentioned second mode of execution, with such structure is that example is illustrated, promptly, uniformly-spaced be provided with at Zhou Fangxiang with three bent axles 48 of input shaft 21 interlocks rotations, across first to the 3rd bearing 49a～49c first to the 3rd external tooth gear 44a～44c is installed on each bent axle 48 respectively, but the present invention is not limited to this, also go for such structure: the single bent axle with the rotation of input shaft 21 interlocks is set on the axle center of input shaft 21, and on first to the 3rd eccentric part of this single bent axle respectively across first to the 3rd Bearing Installation, first to the 3rd external tooth gear (for example the spy in the above-mentioned background technology opens the disclosed structure of clear 64-15556 communique).
In addition, in above-mentioned the 3rd mode of execution, the example that uses roller bearing in differential swing retarder has been described, but the present invention is not limited to this, also can on the retarder of differential swing kind in addition, be suitable for the roller bearing of above-mentioned the 3rd mode of execution.
In addition, in above-mentioned the 3rd mode of execution, roller bearing is used to support first to the 3rd eccentric part 48a～48c of the bent axle 48 of differential swing retarder, but the present invention is not limited to this, as long as can support the spindle unit in the through hole that inserts predetermined member, then also roller bearing of the present invention can be used for Anywhere.
In addition, in above-mentioned the 3rd mode of execution, three pillar part 151b are set on the retainer 151, but the present invention is not limited to this, three a plurality of pillar part 151b of number in addition also can be set on retainer 151.
In addition, in above-mentioned the 3rd mode of execution, five rollers 150 of configuration between adjacent pillar part 151b, 151b, but the present invention is not limited to this, so long as plural number gets final product, also the roller 150 of the number beyond five can be arranged between adjacent pillar part 151b, 151b.Just, in this case, the roller 150 of configurable maximum number between adjacent pillar part 151b, 151b is configured between this pillar part 151b, 151b.
In addition, in above-mentioned the 4th mode of execution, illustrated first to the 3rd eccentric part 248d～248f has been set on bent axle 248, and at the 3rd linking department 248i that links the first eccentric part 248d and the second eccentric part 248e, and the upward suitable example of the present invention of the 4th linking department 248j that links the second eccentric part 248e and the 3rd eccentric part 248f is illustrated, but the present invention is not limited to this, only stay single eccentric part on the bent axle 248, for example only stay the first eccentric part 248d of above-mentioned mode of execution and omit the second and the 3rd eccentric part 248e and 248f, axially be connected to form the first axle part 248b in turn, the first linking department 248g, the first eccentric part 248d, the second linking department 248h and the second axle part 248c, and its first linking department 248g and the also applicable the present invention of the second linking department 248h.
Particularly, axially be connected to form the first axle part 248b in turn, the first linking department 248g, the first eccentric part 248d, the second linking department 248h and the second axle part 248c, also can be formed on axle direction and see that the first linking department 248g is formed on the scope that scope that the first axle part 248b and the first eccentric part 248d overlap and the first eccentric part 248d run off from the scope of this coincidence, and in the section vertical with axle direction, the circular arc that forms the periphery of the first linking department 248g in the scope that this first eccentric part 248d runs off has the structure with the coaxial center of the axle center C1 of the first axle part 248b.In addition, in the said structure, also can form the second linking department 248h and see at axle direction and be formed in the scope that scope that the second axle part 248c and the 3rd eccentric part 248f overlap and the 3rd eccentric part 248f run off from the scope of this coincidence, and the circular arc that forms the periphery of the second linking department 248h in the section vertical with axle direction has the structure with the coaxial center of the axle center C2 of the second axle part 248c.
According to this structure, form the first linking department 248g and compare with seeing at axle direction, can make the first linking department 248g on the section vertical and the section of the second linking department 248h become big with axle direction in the structure that the little scope of the scope that overlaps than the second axle part 248c and the 3rd eccentric part 248f forms the second linking department 248h in the little scope of the scope that overlaps than the first axle part 248b and the first eccentric part 248d.Thus, can improve the intensity of the first linking department 248g and the second linking department 248h, so can improve the intensity of the bent axle 248 that only has the first single eccentric part 248d.
And then, in the bent axle 248 under this structure, in the section vertical with axle direction, the circular arc that forms the periphery of the first linking department 248g in the scope that the scope that the first eccentric part 248d overlaps from the first axle part 248b and the first eccentric part 248d runs off has the center coaxial with the axle center C1 of the first axle part 248b.Therefore, on one side the periphery of the first linking department 248g in the scope that this first eccentric part 248d runs off and the first axle part 248b are cut when the center rotates to be processed to form at the axle center C1 of the material 200 that makes bent axle 248 with the first axle part 248b.In addition, in this bent axle 248, in the section vertical with axle direction, the circular arc that forms the periphery of the second linking department 248h in the scope that the scope that the 3rd eccentric part 248f overlaps from the second axle part 248c and the 3rd eccentric part 248f runs off has the center coaxial with the axle center C2 of the second axle part 248c.Therefore, on one side the periphery of the second linking department 248h in the scope that the 3rd eccentric part 248f runs off and the second axle part 248c are cut when the center rotates to be processed to form at the axle center C2 of the material 200 that makes bent axle 248 with the second axle part 248c.Thus, the running shaft that does not need to change the material 200 of bent axle 248 just can form periphery and the first axle part 248b of the first linking department 248g in the scope that the above-mentioned first eccentric part 248d runs off, and the running shaft that does not need to change the material 200 of bent axle 248 just can form periphery and the second axle part 248c of the second linking department 248h in the scope that above-mentioned the 3rd eccentric part 248f runs off.Therefore, in this bent axle 248, the needed operation of change of the running shaft of the material 200 of bent axle 248 in the time of also can subduing its formation is so can simplify the formation operation of bent axle 248.
In addition, be suitable for the first linking department 248g and the second linking department 248h that structure of the present invention can be suitable for first to the 3rd eccentric part 248d～248f of above-mentioned the 4th mode of execution equally among the such first linking department 248g and the second linking department 248h.
In addition, in the 5th mode of execution, form the outer circumferential face of intermediate bearing parts 346 and the structure that pin gear 31 joins, but the present invention is not limited to this.For example shown in Figure 32, each pin gear 31 is divided into first pin gear 31a corresponding with the external tooth gear 344 of a side and the second pin gear 31b corresponding with the external tooth gear 344 of opposite side, forms the suitable interval of thickness with intermediate bearing parts 346 between the first pin gear 31a and the second pin gear 31b.The intermediate bearing parts 346 and the inner peripheral surface 13b of cylindrical part 13 are joined.Same with the 5th mode of execution in this structure, intermediate bearing parts 346 are supported by cylindrical part 13 at its outer circumferential face.
In the 5th mode of execution, form axle portion 337 and be divided into base portion side axle portion 341 and end plate side axle portion 342, and by the structure of their clamping intermediate bearing parts 346, but the present invention is not limited to this.For example can form the gap, only by cylindrical part 13 supporting intermediate bearing parts 346 in axle portion 337 and 346 of intermediate bearing parts.But, improve the supporting rigidity of intermediate bearing parts 346, preferably as above-mentioned the 5th mode of execution, form structure by base portion side axle portion 341 and end plate side axle portion 342 clamping intermediate bearing parts 346.
In addition, also can form the structure that base portion side axle portion 341 and end plate side axle portion 342 directly engage as shown in figure 33, and on intermediate bearing parts 346, form the axle portion inserting hole 346e that inserts axle portion 337.And intermediate bearing parts 346 can engage with the side of axle portion 337.In this case, base portion side axle portion 341 and end plate side axle portion 342 are respectively formed at the pinnacle shape that sectional area is very little on the projected direction, thereby the axle portion inserting hole 346e of intermediate bearing parts 346 engages with the side of two axle portion 337 easily.In addition, in this case, also can form the structure that axle portion 337 is not divided into base portion side axle portion 341 and end plate side axle portion 342.That is, can be that axle portion 337 is formed on any of base portion 35 and end plate portion 36, and another structure that connects with axle portion 337, perhaps, also can be axle portion 337 and base portion 35 and end plate portion 36 separately split form and the structure that their are connected.
In addition, bent axle 348 configurations are three in the 5th mode of execution, but bent axle also can be provided with one or four, can do suitable change.
In addition, represented the structure of bent axle 348 in the 5th mode of execution with respect to live axle 25 eccentric configurations, but also can be with bent axle 348 and live axle 25 arranged coaxial.In this case, bent axle 348 is slowed down well with respect to input axial region 21, or directly link with respect to input axial region 21.
In the respective embodiments described above, the example of retarder 10 as the pitch converter of wind generating unit has been described.But the present invention is not limited to and is applicable to this, for example also travelling with motor and rotation with the retarder that is suitable in the motor etc. applicable to manipulator, building machinery.In addition, also travel applicable to building machinery in the equipment of the common the sort of internal-gear parts form of rotating as output.
(summary of the present invention)
Retarder of the present invention has: the bent axle that rotates with the drive portion interlock; Be located at first eccentric part on the described bent axle; Be located at second eccentric part on the described bent axle; Be located at the 3rd eccentric part on the described bent axle; First external tooth gear with the described first eccentric part interlock; Second external tooth gear with the described second eccentric part interlock; The 3rd external tooth gear with described the 3rd eccentric part interlock; Be configured in a plurality of pin gears in week in the casing with described first external tooth gear, described second external tooth gear and the engagement of described the 3rd external tooth gear; The output axial region that rotates with described first external tooth gear, described second external tooth gear and described the 3rd external tooth gear interlock, described each eccentric part is configured to have the phase difference of regulation on the sense of rotation of described bent axle, wherein, the pin gear less than half meshes in described each external tooth gear and the described pin gear.
In this retarder, the scope with the pin gear engagement on each external tooth gear is littler than 180 degree, so even have while and the pin gear that two external tooth gears mesh, also can reduce its number.Therefore, owing to can reduce the number of the pin gear of external tooth gear slip, can suppress to rotate the situation that impedance increases.As a result, can suppress external tooth gear meshes the spin loss under the situation of rotating on one side on one side with pin gear increase.
At this, the sum of the described pin gear that preferred described each external tooth gear is meshed equates with the number of described pin gear.
Under this preference, equate, so can do one's utmost to suppress the pin gear while and two external tooth gears mesh owing to adding with the number of the pin gear of week configuration in the number of the pin gear of each external tooth gear engagement get total and casing.
In addition, the number of described pin gear is 3 integral multiple, and described each eccentric part is configured under the situations that phase difference is 120 degree, preferred described each external tooth gear respectively with 1/3rd described pin gear engagement.
Under this preference, each external tooth gear can be configured in around the bent axle equably, so can reduce the eccentric load to bent axle, can reduce vibration thus.And owing to mesh 1/3rd pin gear respectively, so can reduce load to each pin gear.As a result, can make the pin gear pathization, miniaturization that thus can implement device integral body.In addition, owing to can make the pin gear pathization, so can increase the pin number that can set in the casing, the result can increase the amplitude of the reduction speed ratio that can set, improves the degrees of freedom of design.
Preferably, described at least one the height of aspect ratio tooth root portion of tooth top portion of external tooth gear is short.
Under this preference, only the pin gear number that each external tooth gear is meshed by the height that shortens tooth top portion is less than the half that is configured in the pin gear in the casing, so other each structural elements do not need the change design yet.Therefore, can reduce the workload of the design that the scope that makes the engagement of external tooth gear and pin gear narrows down.
In addition, retarder of the present invention has: eccentric shaft, and it has first eccentric part, second eccentric part and the 3rd eccentric part that disposes in turn at axle direction, and rotates with the input shaft interlock; First external tooth gear, it is installed on described first eccentric part via clutch shaft bearing, and shakes with the described first eccentric part interlock; Second external tooth gear, it, and shakes with the described second eccentric part interlock on described second eccentric part via second Bearing Installation; The 3rd external tooth gear, it, and shakes with described the 3rd eccentric part interlock on described the 3rd eccentric part via the 3rd Bearing Installation; Output shaft, itself and described first external tooth gear, described second external tooth gear and described the 3rd external tooth gear interlock and rotate.And then, described first eccentric part, described second eccentric part and described the 3rd eccentric part are configured to have the phase difference of mutual predetermined angular, and has identical in fact external diameter, described clutch shaft bearing, described second bearing and described the 3rd bearing have identical in fact external diameter and are installed in first eccentric part respectively, on described second eccentric part and described the 3rd eccentric part, described second bearing has a plurality of rollers and retainer, described retainer with each roller with predetermined distance remain on described second eccentric part around, and at least one of described a plurality of rollers releasably remained on the direction outside, footpath or axle direction of described second eccentric part.
Because in this retarder, the retainer of second bearing with each roller with predetermined distance remain on described second eccentric part around, and at least one of described a plurality of rollers releasably remained on the direction outside, footpath or axle direction of described second eccentric part, so when with second bearing along eccentric shaft from the first eccentric part side or when being embedded on second eccentric part outside the 3rd eccentric part side, can pull down roller from retainer.And, at this moment, if pulling down from retainer with the roller of first eccentric part or the collision of the 3rd eccentric part, then roller can not interfered with first eccentric part or the 3rd eccentric part, so can make the roller that remains on the retainer by first eccentric part or the 3rd eccentric part.Thus, can make second bearing is on second eccentric part along eccentric shaft is embedded in the centre of three eccentric parts easily eccentric part.And then, in this retarder, first eccentric part, second eccentric part and the 3rd eccentric part have identical in fact external diameter, described clutch shaft bearing, described second bearing and described the 3rd bearing have identical in fact external diameter and are installed in first eccentric part respectively, on described second eccentric part and described the 3rd eccentric part, so can make respectively across clutch shaft bearing, second bearing and the 3rd bearing and be installed in first eccentric part, first external tooth gear on second eccentric part and the 3rd eccentric part, the mounting hole of second external tooth gear and the 3rd external tooth gear forms identical in fact diameter.Thus, can make the structure of first external tooth gear, second external tooth gear and the 3rd external tooth gear shared, so can subdue the kind of the parts that in retarder, use.As a result, the component management in the time of can simplifying manufacturing process and manufacturing.
In the above-mentioned retarder, the retainer of described second bearing has a pair of annulus portion and a plurality of pillar part, be embedded on described second eccentric part outside the described a pair of annulus portion and be configured in predetermined distance on the axle direction of described second eccentric part, limit the position of described roller on the axle direction of described second eccentric part; Described a plurality of pillar part will connect between the described a pair of annulus portion, and dispose with predetermined distance along the Zhou Fangxiang of described annulus portion, limit the position of described roller on the Zhou Fangxiang of described second eccentric part, preferred described annulus portion sees to have from the axle direction of described eccentric shaft and makes described first eccentric part and described second eccentric part be accommodated in its inner internal diameter, or makes described second eccentric part and described the 3rd eccentric part be accommodated in its inner internal diameter.According to such structure, the retainer of the simple structure that constitutes by above-mentioned annulus portion and pillar part can be reliably with predetermined distance with each roller remain on second eccentric part around.And then, in the retainer that this annulus portion and pillar part constitute, annulus portion sees to have from the axle direction of eccentric shaft and makes described first eccentric part and described second eccentric part be accommodated in its inner internal diameter, or make described second eccentric part and described the 3rd eccentric part be accommodated in its inner internal diameter, so, when with second bearing along eccentric shaft from the first eccentric part side or when being embedded on second eccentric part outside the 3rd eccentric part side, can suppress the interference of above-mentioned annulus portion and the first or the 3rd eccentric part.
In this case, described first eccentric part, described second eccentric part and described the 3rd eccentric part have eccentric amount e with respect to the axle center of described eccentric shaft, and under the situation with the configuration of the phase difference of mutual angle θ, the annulus portion of preferred described retainer has the big internal diameter of value of the external diameter+2esin (θ/2) than second eccentric part.According to this structure, because the internal diameter of the annulus portion of retainer is to see to have from the axle direction of eccentric shaft to make described first eccentric part and described second eccentric part be accommodated in its inner internal diameter reliably, or make described second eccentric part and described the 3rd eccentric part be accommodated in its inner internal diameter reliably, so when with second bearing along eccentric shaft from the first eccentric part side or when being embedded on second eccentric part outside the 3rd eccentric part side, can suppress the interference of above-mentioned annulus portion and the first or the 3rd eccentric part reliably.
Above-mentioned retainer has in the structure of annulus portion and cylindrical portion, and the supporting of the pillar part of preferred described retainer is by the area inside of the circumference in the axle center of described each roller.According to this structure, make easily retainer with this spline structure, promptly each roller with predetermined distance remain on second eccentric part around and make each roller releasably remain on the direction outside, footpath of second eccentric part.
In the manufacture method of above-mentioned retarder, preferably with described second Bearing Installation on described second eccentric part time, the described retainer of the state that will pull down with the described roller of at least one is embedded on described second eccentric part along described eccentric shaft from the described first eccentric part side or outside described the 3rd eccentric part side, afterwards, the described roller of pulling down is in advance returned described retainer.
In the manufacture method of this retarder, because when being embedded in described second eccentric part on along eccentric shaft from the first eccentric part side or outside described the 3rd eccentric part side second bearing, at least pulling down from retainer with the roller of first eccentric part or the collision of the 3rd eccentric part, so roller is not interfered with first eccentric part or the 3rd eccentric part, can make the roller that remains on the retainer by first eccentric part or the 3rd eccentric part.And, afterwards, the described roller of pulling down is in advance returned described retainer, be on second eccentric part so can easily second bearing be embedded in the eccentric part of the centre of three eccentric parts outside eccentric shaft.
Roller bearing of the present invention, the spindle unit in the through hole be located at the circle on the predetermined member is inserted in its supporting, and it has: be configured in a plurality of rollers between the side face of the internal face of described through hole and described spindle unit; And the retainer on every side that described a plurality of rollers is remained on described spindle unit.And then described retainer has a pair of annulus portion and pillar part, be embedded on the described spindle unit outside the described a pair of annulus portion or be embedded in the through hole, and respectively with the axial two end part adjacency of described roller, limit described roller and axially move; Described pillar part links described a pair of annulus portion respectively with its two end part, and be configured in regulation described roller and and other rollers of this roller adjacency between, limiting described roller moves to the Zhou Fangxiang of described spindle unit, described pillar part is provided with a plurality of along the Zhou Fangxiang of described annulus portion with predetermined distance, and at least two described rollers of configuration between adjacent described pillar part.
In this roller bearing since between the adjacent cylindrical portion of retainer at least two rollers of configuration, so with each roller between the situation of configuration pillar part compare because the decreased number of pillar part, and can increase spindle unit around the number of roller of configuration.Thus, can make from the load of spindle unit and further disperse, so can prolong the life-span of each roller each roller.In addition, in this roller bearing, the two end part of retainer B-C post portion link a pair of annulus portion respectively, so it is different with a distolateral unfixed structure of pillar part, can suppress when pillar part applies power, to be subjected to this power to push and make pillar part generation positional deviation from roller, thus, can suppress rocking of roller that the positional deviation owing to pillar part causes, and can suppress to rock the roller that causes and tilt by this.Therefore, can suppress the excessive loads that imposes on roller that the inclination by roller causes, so can suppress the roller breakage that such excessive loads causes.In addition, in this roller bearing, a plurality of rollers are remained in the retainer on every side of spindle unit, with predetermined distance be provided with a plurality of rollers that are configured in regulation and and other rollers of this roller adjacency between and limit the pillar part that roller moves to the Zhou Fangxiang of spindle unit, move to the Zhou Fangxiang of spindle unit so can limit roller by this pillar part.Therefore, and not across pillar part and the roller bearing that only a plurality of roller is configured in around the spindle unit is compared, can suppress the position of regulation of the Zhou Fangxiang of the gap deflection spindle unit between each roller.Thus, when being assembled in roller bearing on the spindle unit, can alleviate the impartial required homework burden of regulating between each roller in gap, so can alleviate the homework burden of roller bearing in the assembling operation of spindle unit.
In this case, pillar part preferably comprises the part on the circumference that is positioned at the axle center by described each roller, this part on described circumference with the side face butt of described roller.According to such structure, because above-mentioned circumference upper supporting column portion and roller join, so even the Zhou Fangxiang of effect spindle unit on the roller, be the power of described circumferencial direction, the side face of roller can not slide with respect to pillar part yet.Therefore, can suppress roller and move to Zhou Fangxiang, rock to the Zhou Fangxiang of spindle unit so can effectively suppress roller to spindle unit.
In addition, the retarder with above-mentioned roller bearing of the present invention has: internal-gear, its internal tooth are configured on the interior perimembranous; External tooth gear, itself and the external tooth that described internal tooth meshes and the described internal tooth of gear ratio is few are configured on the peripheral part; Bent axle, it has eccentric part; A pair of crankshaft bearing, it supports described bent axle, wherein, described external tooth gear has the through hole of the circle that connects on its axle direction, the eccentric part of described bent axle inserts in the described through hole, described roller bearing supports the eccentric part of described bent axle, described a plurality of roller is configured between the side face of the internal face of described through hole and described eccentric part, be embedded on the eccentric part of described bent axle outside a pair of annulus portion of described retainer or be embedded in the through hole, the pillar part of described retainer limits described roller and moves to the Zhou Fangxiang of described eccentric part.
In this retarder, owing to use above-mentioned roller bearing, thus can prolong the working life of each roller, and can suppress the roller breakage that more load causes.In addition, can be same in this retarder with above-mentioned roller bearing, alleviate the homework burden of roller bearing in the assembling operation of spindle unit.
In addition, bent axle of the present invention has integratedly: the first axle part, but its free rotary ground supporting is on bearing; The second axle part, but its have with the axle center of the axle center arranged coaxial of described the first axle part and free rotary ground supporting on described bearing; A plurality of eccentric parts, it is located between described the first axle part and the described the second axle part, has from the axle center of the axle center off-centre of this first axle part and the second axle part; Linking department, it is located between adjacent described eccentric part, and the eccentric part that this is adjacent is connected to each other.And then, described adjacent eccentric part has different rotatable phase mutually, described linking department have with the eccentric part of a side continuously and be formed on the recess of the direction inboard, footpath of this eccentric part, at least stride and scope that eccentric part that axle direction is seen scope that the eccentric part of both sides overlaps and opposite side runs off from the scope of this coincidence and forming, in the section vertical with axle direction, the circular arc that forms the periphery of described linking department in the scope that the eccentric part of described opposite side runs off has the coaxial center, axle center with the eccentric part of a described side.
In this bent axle, since described linking department have with the eccentric part of a side continuously and be formed on the recess of the direction inboard, footpath of this eccentric part, even, also can avoid the interference of the storeroom of abrasive tool and bent axle so abrasive tool runs off the eccentric part side of opposite side when the eccentric part of abrasive machining one side.Thus, can with the eccentric part precision well abrasive machining to the end.In addition, in the bent axle of the present invention, the scope that the eccentric part that linking department is striden at least and axle direction is seen scope that the eccentric part of both sides overlaps and opposite side runs off from the scope of this coincidence and forming.Therefore, see that with axle direction the structure that linking department is formed in the little scope of the scope that overlaps than adjacent eccentric part compares, can increase the sectional area of the linking department of the section vertical with axle direction.Thus, owing to can improve the intensity of linking department, so can improve strength of crankshaft.In addition, in the bent axle of the present invention, in the section vertical with axle direction, the circular arc that forms the periphery of described linking department when axle direction is seen in the scope that the scope that the eccentric part of described opposite side overlaps from the eccentric part of the both sides of linking department runs off has the coaxial center, axle center with the eccentric part of a described side, and institute is so that the eccentric part of the periphery of the linking department in the scope that the eccentric part of above-mentioned opposite side runs off and an above-mentioned side is on one side by its cutting is formed at the material that makes bent axle when the center rotates with the axle center of the eccentric part of a side.Thus, do not change bent axle material running shaft and can form the periphery of the linking department in the scope that the eccentric part of above-mentioned opposite side runs off and the eccentric part of an above-mentioned side with continuous operation.Thus, the needed operation of change of the running shaft of the material of bent axle can be subdued when bent axle formed, so can simplify the formation operation of bent axle.
In the above-mentioned bent axle, preferably, described linking department comprises the rake that axially section forms linear taper in the scope that the eccentric part of described opposite side runs off.According to this structure, owing to can form from linking department to the eccentric part of the adjacency structure of combination smoothly, so with compare to the structure that the bound fraction of eccentric part forms step difference from linking department, can relax the stress that the connecting part branch of linking department and eccentric part produces and concentrate.Thus, the stress that can suppress the bound fraction of linking department and eccentric part is concentrated the generation of the be full of cracks cause etc.
In the manufacture method of above-mentioned bent axle, preferably, the axle center that has on one side with the eccentric part of a described side is that the center makes the material rotation of bent axle cut the operation of the periphery that forms described linking department with cutting tool to it on one side.Manufacture method according to this bent axle, at least stride and the structure of the linking department of the scope that eccentric part that axle direction is seen scope that the eccentric part of the both sides of linking department overlaps and opposite side runs off from this coincidence scope owing to can form, so can access the bent axle that the intensity of the linking department between adjacent eccentric part is improved.
In this case, preferably, the operation of the operation of the periphery of described formation linking department and the eccentric part of described formation one side is to be that the center is carried out the material rotation of bent axle on one side to its series-operation that cuts with identical cutting tool by the axle center with the eccentric part of a described side on one side.In bent axle of the present invention, in the section vertical with axle direction, the circular arc that forms the periphery of linking department in the scope that the scope that the eccentric part of opposite side overlaps from the eccentric part of the both sides of seeing linking department at axle direction runs off has the coaxial center, axle center with the eccentric part of an above-mentioned side.Therefore, the eccentric part of the periphery of the linking department in the scope that runs off of the eccentric part of above-mentioned opposite side and an above-mentioned side can not change the kind of the running shaft of material of bent axle and cutting tool and form with continuous cutting process.As a result, can subdue the running shaft of material of bent axle and the required operation of change of cutting tool, so the operation can simplify bent axle and form the time.In addition, the bent axle kind that forms required cutting tool is also subdued.
In addition, the retarder that the present invention has above-mentioned bent axle has: internal-gear, its internal tooth are configured on the interior perimembranous; A plurality of external tooth gears, itself and the external tooth that described internal tooth meshes and the described internal tooth of gear ratio is few are configured on the peripheral part; First crankshaft bearing, but the first axle part of the described bent axle of its free rotary ground supporting; Second crankshaft bearing, but the second axle part of the described bent axle of its free rotary ground supporting; Described a plurality of external tooth gear has the through hole of the circle that connects at its axle direction respectively, and each eccentric part of described bent axle inserts in the through hole of the pairing described external tooth gear of bearing.
In this retarder, owing to use above-mentioned bent axle, so can access the same effect of effect with the above-mentioned bent axle of raising crankshaft strength as described above.Generally, for the retarder miniaturization is made under the situation of aforementioned external teeth gear pathization, the required torque of this external tooth gear rotation is increased, so the load to bent axle when making the external tooth gear rotation from bent axle to external tooth gear transmission power increases, even but under the situation the about like this load of bent axle being increased, in the retarder of the present invention owing to can improve strength of crankshaft as described above, so can suppress the breakage of bent axle.Therefore, according to retarder of the present invention, can either make the retarder miniaturization can suppress the breakage of bent axle again.
In addition, bent axle of the present invention has integratedly: the first axle part, but its free rotary ground supporting is on bearing; The second axle part, but its have with the axle center of the coaxial setting in axle center of described the first axle part and free rotary ground supporting on described bearing; Single eccentric part, it is located between described the first axle part and the described the second axle part, and has from the axle center of the axle center off-centre of this first axle part and the second axle part; First linking department, it is located between described the first axle part and the described eccentric part, and this first axle part and eccentric part are linked; Second linking department, it is located between described the second axle part and the described eccentric part, and with this second axle part and eccentric part binding, wherein, described first linking department have with the first axle part continuously and be formed on the recess of the direction inboard, footpath of this first axle part, stride at least and axle direction is seen the scope that scope that described the first axle part and described eccentric part overlap and described eccentric part run off from the scope of this coincidence and formed; In the section vertical with axle direction, the circular arc that forms the periphery of described first linking department in the scope that described eccentric part runs off has the center coaxial with the axle center of described the first axle part, described second linking department have with the second axle part continuously and be formed on the recess of the direction inboard, footpath of this second axle part, stride at least and axle direction is seen the scope that scope that described the second axle part and described eccentric part overlap and described eccentric part run off from the scope of this coincidence and formed; In the section vertical with axle direction, the circular arc that forms the periphery of described second linking department in the scope that described eccentric part runs off has the center coaxial with the axle center of described the second axle part.
In this bent axle of the present invention, since first linking department have with the first axle part continuously and be formed on the recess of the direction inboard, footpath of this first axle part, and second linking department have with the second axle part continuously and be formed on the recess of the direction inboard, footpath of this second axle part, so even abrasive tool runs off the eccentric part side during end of abrasive machining the first axle part, also can avoid the interference of the storeroom of abrasive tool and bent axle, and, even abrasive tool runs off the interference that the eccentric part side also can be avoided the storeroom of abrasive tool and bent axle during the end of abrasive machining the second axle part.Thus, can precision well the abrasive machining eccentric part up to two end part.In addition, in the bent axle of the present invention, first linking department is striden at least and axle direction is seen the scope that scope that described the first axle part and described eccentric part overlap and described eccentric part run off from the scope of this coincidence and form; And second linking department is striden at least and axle direction is seen the scope that scope that described the second axle part and described eccentric part overlap and described eccentric part run off from the scope of this coincidence and form.Therefore, see that with axle direction the structure that first linking department is formed in the little scope of the scope that overlaps than the first axle part and eccentric part and second linking department is formed in the little scope of the scope that overlaps than the second axle part and eccentric part compares, can increase first linking department of the section vertical and the sectional area of second linking department with axle direction.Thus, the intensity of first linking department and second linking department can be improved, and therefore can improve strength of crankshaft.
In addition, in the bent axle of the present invention, in the section vertical with axle direction, the circular arc that forms the periphery of first linking department in the scope that above-mentioned eccentric part runs off has the center coaxial with the axle center of the first axle part, and, in the section vertical with axle direction, the circular arc that forms the periphery of second linking department in the scope that above-mentioned eccentric part runs off has the center coaxial with the axle center of the second axle part.Therefore, the periphery of first linking department in the scope that above-mentioned eccentric part runs off and the first axle part can be formed by cutting when the material that makes bent axle be the center rotation with the axle center of the first axle part on one side on one side, and the periphery of second linking department in the scope that runs off of above-mentioned eccentric part and the second axle part can be formed by cutting on one side when the material that makes bent axle is the center rotation with the axle center of the second axle part.Thus, the periphery of first linking department in the scope that above-mentioned eccentric part runs off and the running shaft of the material that the first axle part does not change bent axle just can form, and the periphery of interior second linking department of the scope that runs off of above-mentioned eccentric part and the running shaft of the material that the second axle part does not change bent axle just can form.Therefore, in this bent axle, the required operation of material running shaft change of bent axle in the time of can cutting out bent axle formation is so can simplify the operation that forms bent axle.
In addition, retarder of the present invention has: the input axial region; The bent axle that has eccentric part and rotate with described input axial region interlock; Support a pair of crankshaft bearing of described bent axle; On at least a portion in internal-gear parts, its internal tooth are configured on the axle direction of perimembranous; The external tooth gear parts, itself and described eccentric part interlock and shake and have a external tooth with described internal tooth engagement; The output axial region, itself and described external tooth gear parts interlock and rotate.And being provided with the intermediate bearing parts, it supports described bent axle between described a pair of crankshaft bearing can rotate freely it.
In this retarder, be provided with the intermediate bearing parts between two crankshaft bearings of supporting crankshaft, form structure, can reduce the load that crankshaft bearing is subjected to by the further supporting crankshaft of these intermediate bearing parts.As a result, can suppress the distortion and the distortion of bent axle, and can make the crankshaft bearing pathization, realize the pathization of differential swing retarder.
At this, described intermediate bearing parts at its outer circumferential face by the internal-gear parts carry.Like this, because by outer circumferential face supporting intermediate bearing parts, so can increase the area at the position that is supported, and can it be supported at the complete cycle of intermediate bearing parts.As a result, the supporting force of supporting intermediate bearing parts increases, so can make intermediate bearing parts pathization.In addition, because the intermediate bearing parts are supported by outer circumferential face,, can suppress the distortion and the distortion of bent axle thus so can suppress moving of intermediate bearing parts.As a result, can further reduce the load that acts on crankshaft bearing, so can further make the crankshaft bearing pathization.In addition, can not increase part count and can support the intermediate bearing parts effectively.
In addition, described output axial region has the cylindrical portion of the post shapes that formation axially extends, and described intermediate bearing parts are supported by engaging with described cylindrical portion.Like this, because the intermediate bearing parts can be supported by cylindrical portion at the intermediate portion of footpath direction, move in footpath direction or Zhou Fangxiang so can limit the intermediate bearing parts.Therefore, owing to can reduce the load that acts on bent axle, so can make the crankshaft bearing pathization.In addition, in this structure, the intermediate bearing parts can engage with cylindrical portion axial moving under the state that is allowed to, and perhaps engage with cylindrical portion under the irremovable state of axle direction.
In addition, above-mentioned output axial region has the cylindrical portion of the post shapes that formation axially extends, and described cylindrical portion is a plurality of in the Zhou Fangxiang configuration, and described intermediate bearing parts carry is on described each cylindrical portion.In this structure, a plurality of by cylindrical portion is provided with, thus can suppress cylindrical portion distortion or distortion.And the intermediate bearing parts are fixed on this cylindrical portion at a plurality of positions of Zhou Fangxiang, so can prevent effectively that the intermediate bearing parts from moving.
In this case, preferably, described cylindrical portion is cut apart on axle direction and from the described intermediate bearing parts of axial sandwich.Like this, each cylindrical portion is from axial sandwich intermediate bearing parts and bearing intermediate bearing parts, thus can improve bearing strength, and can prevent shaking of intermediate bearing parts reliably.
In addition, preferably, the described bent axle axial middle position of above-mentioned intermediate bearing component configuration between described crankshaft bearing.In this structure because the load equalization that is subjected to of two crankshaft bearings, so can balance supporting crankshaft well.And the bent axle that can prevent a side maximizes.
In addition, preferably, described bent axle is provided with a plurality of, by described each bent axle of intermediate bearing parts carry.In this structure, the parts that support each bent axle are increased so can prevent component number, and can improve the bearing strength of bent axle by shared.In addition, if form the structure that each bent axle is provided with the intermediate bearing parts, then need to be set up in parallel each intermediate bearing parts at axle direction for avoiding them to interfere, but by shared intermediate bearing parts, thereby a position supporting crankshaft that can be between crankshaft bearing, the result, it is elongated to suppress bent axle.

Claims (25)

1. retarder, it has:
The bent axle that rotates with the drive portion interlock;
Be located at first eccentric part on the described bent axle;
Be located at second eccentric part on the described bent axle;
Be located at the 3rd eccentric part on the described bent axle;
First external tooth gear with the described first eccentric part interlock;
Second external tooth gear with the described second eccentric part interlock;
The 3rd external tooth gear with described the 3rd eccentric part interlock;
Be configured in a plurality of pin gears in week in the casing with described first external tooth gear, described second external tooth gear and the engagement of described the 3rd external tooth gear;
The output axial region that rotates with described first external tooth gear, described second external tooth gear and described the 3rd external tooth gear interlock, wherein,
Described each eccentric part is configured to have the phase difference of regulation on the sense of rotation of described bent axle,
Pin gear less than half in described each external tooth gear and the described pin gear meshes.
2. retarder as claimed in claim 1, wherein, the sum of the described pin gear that described each external tooth gear meshed equates with the number of described pin gear.
3. retarder as claimed in claim 1, wherein,
The number of described pin gear is 3 integral multiple,
It is 120 degree that described each eccentric part is configured to phase difference,
Described each external tooth gear and 1/3rd described pin gear engagement.
4. retarder as claimed in claim 1, wherein, described at least one the height of aspect ratio tooth root portion of external tooth gear tooth top portion is short.
5. retarder, it has:
Eccentric shaft, it has first eccentric part, second eccentric part and the 3rd eccentric part that disposes in turn at axle direction, and rotates with the input shaft interlock;
First external tooth gear, it is installed on described first eccentric part via clutch shaft bearing, and shakes with the described first eccentric part interlock;
Second external tooth gear, it, and shakes with the described second eccentric part interlock on described second eccentric part via second Bearing Installation;
The 3rd external tooth gear, it, and shakes with described the 3rd eccentric part interlock on described the 3rd eccentric part via the 3rd Bearing Installation;
Output shaft, itself and described first external tooth gear, described second external tooth gear and described the 3rd external tooth gear interlock and rotate,
Wherein, described first eccentric part, described second eccentric part and described the 3rd eccentric part are configured to have the phase difference of mutual predetermined angular, and have identical in fact external diameter,
Described clutch shaft bearing, described second bearing and described the 3rd bearing have identical in fact external diameter and are installed in respectively on described first eccentric part, described second eccentric part and described the 3rd eccentric part,
Described second bearing has a plurality of rollers and retainer, described retainer with each roller with predetermined distance remain on described second eccentric part around, and at least one of described a plurality of rollers releasably remained on the direction outside, footpath or axle direction of described second eccentric part.
6. retarder as claimed in claim 5, wherein,
The retainer of described second bearing has a pair of annulus portion and a plurality of pillar part,
Be embedded on described second eccentric part outside the described a pair of annulus portion and be configured in predetermined distance on the axle direction of described second eccentric part, limit the position of described roller on the axle direction of described second eccentric part;
Described a plurality of pillar part is set to and will connects between the described a pair of annulus portion, and disposes with predetermined distance along the Zhou Fangxiang of described annulus portion, and limits described roller along the position on the Zhou Fangxiang of described second eccentric part,
Described annulus portion sees to have from the axle direction of described eccentric shaft and makes described first eccentric part and described second eccentric part be accommodated in its inner internal diameter, or makes described second eccentric part and described the 3rd eccentric part be accommodated in its inner internal diameter.
7. retarder as claimed in claim 6, wherein,
Described second eccentric part has outside diameter d, described first eccentric part, described second eccentric part and described the 3rd eccentric part have eccentric amount e with respect to the axle center of described eccentric shaft, and mutually under the situation with the phase difference configuration of angle θ, the annulus portion of described retainer has the big internal diameter of value than d+2esin (θ/2).
8. retarder as claimed in claim 6, wherein,
The pillar part supporting of described retainer is by the area inside of the circumference in the axle center of described each roller.
9. the manufacture method of the described retarder of claim 5, wherein,
With described second Bearing Installation on described second eccentric part time, the described retainer of the state that will pull down with the described roller of at least one is embedded on described second eccentric part along described eccentric shaft from the described first eccentric part side or outside described the 3rd eccentric part side, afterwards, the described roller of pulling down is in advance returned described retainer.
10. roller bearing, the spindle unit in the through hole of being located at the circle on the predetermined member is inserted in its supporting,
It has: be configured in a plurality of rollers between the side face of the internal face of described through hole and described spindle unit; And with described a plurality of rollers remain on described spindle unit around retainer,
Described retainer has a pair of annulus portion and pillar part,
Be embedded on the described spindle unit outside the described a pair of annulus portion or be embedded in the described through hole, and respectively with the axial two end part adjacency of described roller, limit described roller and axially move;
Described pillar part links described a pair of annulus portion respectively with its two end part, and be configured in regulation described roller and and other rollers of this roller adjacency between, limit described roller and move to the Zhou Fangxiang of described spindle unit,
Described pillar part is provided with a plurality of along the Zhou Fangxiang of described annulus portion with predetermined distance, and at least two described rollers of configuration between adjacent described pillar part.
11. roller bearing as claimed in claim 10, wherein, described pillar part comprises the part on the circumference that is positioned at the axle center by described each roller, this part on described circumference with the side face butt of described roller.
12. the retarder with the described roller bearing of claim 10, it has:
Internal-gear, its internal tooth are configured on the interior perimembranous;
External tooth gear, itself and the external tooth that described internal tooth meshes and the described internal tooth of gear ratio is few are configured on the peripheral part;
Bent axle, it has eccentric part;
A pair of crankshaft bearing, it supports described bent axle,
Wherein, described external tooth gear has the through hole of the circle that connects on its axle direction,
The eccentric part of described bent axle inserts in the described through hole,
Described roller bearing supports the eccentric part of described bent axle,
Described a plurality of roller is configured between the side face of the internal face of described through hole and described eccentric part,
Be embedded on the eccentric part of described bent axle outside a pair of annulus portion of described retainer or be embedded in the described through hole, the pillar part of described retainer limits described roller and moves to the Zhou Fangxiang of described eccentric part.
13. a bent axle, it has integratedly:
The first axle part, but its free rotary ground supporting is on bearing;
The second axle part, but its have with the axle center of the axle center arranged coaxial of described the first axle part and free rotary ground supporting on described bearing;
A plurality of eccentric parts, it is located between described the first axle part and the described the second axle part, has from the axle center of the axle center off-centre of this first axle part and the second axle part;
Linking department, it is located between adjacent described eccentric part, and the eccentric part that this is adjacent is connected to each other,
Wherein, described adjacent eccentric part has different rotatable phase mutually,
Described linking department have with the eccentric part of a side continuously and be formed on the recess of the direction inboard, footpath of this eccentric part, stride at least and scope that eccentric part that axle direction is seen scope that the eccentric part of both sides overlaps and opposite side runs off from the scope of this coincidence and forming,
In the section vertical with axle direction, the circular arc that forms the periphery of described linking department in the scope that the eccentric part of described opposite side runs off has the coaxial center, axle center with the eccentric part of a described side.
14. bent axle as claimed in claim 13, wherein,
Described linking department comprises the rake of the linear taper that section axially forms in the scope that the eccentric part of described opposite side runs off.
15. the manufacture method of the described bent axle of claim 13, its axle center that has on one side with the eccentric part of a described side is that the center makes the material rotation of bent axle cut the operation of the periphery that forms described linking department with cutting tool to it on one side.
16. the manufacture method of bent axle as claimed in claim 15, wherein,
The operation of the operation of the periphery of described formation linking department and the eccentric part of described formation one side is to be that the center is carried out the material rotation of described bent axle on one side to its series-operation that cuts with identical cutting tool by the axle center with the eccentric part of a described side on one side.
17. the retarder with the described bent axle of claim 13, it has:
Internal-gear, its internal tooth are configured on the interior perimembranous;
External tooth gear, itself and the external tooth that described internal tooth meshes and the described internal tooth of gear ratio is few are configured on the peripheral part;
First crankshaft bearing, but the first axle part of the described bent axle of its free rotary ground supporting;
Second crankshaft bearing, but the second axle part of the described bent axle of its free rotary ground supporting;
Described a plurality of external tooth gear has the through hole of the circle that connects at its axle direction respectively,
Each eccentric part of described bent axle inserts in the through hole of the pairing described external tooth gear of bearing.
18. a bent axle, it has integratedly:
The first axle part, but its free rotary ground supporting is on bearing;
The second axle part, but its have with the axle center of the axle center arranged coaxial of described the first axle part and free rotary ground supporting on described bearing;
Single eccentric part, it is located between described the first axle part and the described the second axle part, and has from the axle center of the axle center off-centre of this first axle part and the second axle part;
First linking department, it is located between described the first axle part and the described eccentric part, and this first axle part and eccentric part are linked;
Second linking department, it is located between described the second axle part and the described eccentric part, and this second axle part and eccentric part are linked,
Wherein, described first linking department have with described the first axle part continuously and be formed on the recess of the direction inboard, footpath of this first axle part, stride at least and axle direction is seen the scope that scope that described the first axle part and described eccentric part overlap and described eccentric part run off from the scope of this coincidence and formed; In the section vertical with axle direction, the circular arc that forms the periphery of described first linking department in the scope that described eccentric part runs off has the center coaxial with the axle center of described the first axle part,
Described second linking department have with described the second axle part continuously and be formed on the recess of the direction inboard, footpath of this second axle part, stride at least and axle direction is seen the scope that scope that described the second axle part and described eccentric part overlap and described eccentric part run off from the scope of this coincidence and formed; In the section vertical with axle direction, the circular arc that forms the periphery of described second linking department in the scope that described eccentric part runs off has the center coaxial with the axle center of described the second axle part.
19. a retarder, it has:
The input axial region;
The bent axle that has eccentric part and rotate with described input axial region interlock;
Support a pair of crankshaft bearing of described bent axle;
On at least a portion in internal-gear parts, its internal tooth are configured on the axle direction of perimembranous;
The external tooth gear parts, itself and described eccentric part interlock and shake and have a external tooth with described internal tooth engagement;
The output axial region, itself and described external tooth gear parts interlock and rotate;
The intermediate bearing parts, it supports described bent axle between described a pair of crankshaft bearing can rotate freely it.
20. retarder as claimed in claim 19, wherein,
Described intermediate bearing parts at its outer circumferential face by the internal-gear parts carry.
21. retarder as claimed in claim 19, wherein,
Described output axial region has the cylindrical portion of the post shapes that formation axially extends,
Described intermediate bearing parts are supported by engaging with described cylindrical portion.
22. retarder as claimed in claim 19, wherein,
Described output axial region has the cylindrical portion of the post shapes that formation axially extends,
Described cylindrical portion is a plurality of in the Zhou Fangxiang configuration,
Described intermediate bearing parts carry is on described each cylindrical portion.
23. as claim 21 or 22 described retarders, wherein,
Described cylindrical portion is cut apart on axle direction and from the described intermediate bearing parts of axial sandwich.
24. retarder as claimed in claim 19, wherein,
The described bent axle axial middle position of described intermediate bearing component configuration between described crankshaft bearing.
25. retarder as claimed in claim 19, wherein,
Described bent axle is provided with a plurality of,
By described each bent axle of intermediate bearing parts carry.
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CN102979875A (en) * 2012-10-09 2013-03-20 吴小杰 Large-scale cycloid planet speed controller lubricated by bearing grease
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CN106051064A (en) * 2015-04-15 2016-10-26 纳博特斯克有限公司 Reduction gear device and gear the reduction gear device adopts
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CN101382166A (en) 2009-03-11
CN101382183B (en) 2012-02-08
JP4749814B2 (en) 2011-08-17
JP2007085524A (en) 2007-04-05
CN100487271C (en) 2009-05-13
CN101382183A (en) 2009-03-11
CN101382166B (en) 2011-05-11
ES2356671T3 (en) 2011-04-12

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