CN1937347A - Graded hierarchical reactive voltage optimized control method - Google Patents
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- CN1937347A CN1937347A CNA2006100968465A CN200610096846A CN1937347A CN 1937347 A CN1937347 A CN 1937347A CN A2006100968465 A CNA2006100968465 A CN A2006100968465A CN 200610096846 A CN200610096846 A CN 200610096846A CN 1937347 A CN1937347 A CN 1937347A
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Abstract
Through computer program to carry out automatic control, the disclosed optimization control method includes three control levels in control flow. Dispatching center is the first level in the disclosed control method including steps 2-13 in the invention. Monitor station is monitor center in second layer including steps 14-16 in the invention. Transformer substation in lowest layer is the third layer including steps 17-20 in the invention. Dispatching center carries out monitoring and checking each monitor center. Forming and sending control commands directly, and using practical optimized determination method, each monitor center controls settings of capacitors and reactors as well as level adjustments of tap changing switches of loaded transformer in real time in order to reach purposes: minimal loss ratio of whole power network; highest qualification rate of voltage of each node; least number of acting tap changing switches, most reasonable settings for capacitors and reactors.
Description
One, technical field
The present invention relates to the automatic control technology field in the electric power system, specifically relate to a kind of graded hierarchical reactive voltage optimized control method, this method can be used in all power system power supply departments regional, at county level and that possess independent electrical network and have transformer station, on-load tap-changing transformer, shunt capacitor equipment, improves rate of qualified voltage to reach, reduces line loss, alleviates the purpose of dispatcher's labour intensity.
Two, background technology
At present, in electric power system, often adopt following two kinds of modes that intrasystem reactive voltage is controlled automatically.The first is in transformer station inside, hardware VQC equipment or software VQC are installed realizes utilizing the adjusting of interior shunt capacitor of our station and on-load tap-changing transformer to move, carry out the reactive voltage Comprehensive Control in the electric substation, to reach the purpose of reactive Voltage Optimum operation in the system.The basic principle of this method is based on nine administrative division maps, adopts the principle of expert system, implements control strategy, reaches the purpose that reactive voltage in each transformer station is controlled automatically.Its two be at first with power network schedule automation in the SCADA system joint, receive SCADA system real time data, the optimizing application algorithm, it is as far as possible little that foundation meets the whole network network loss, optimization that voltage is qualified and control judgment rule, be formed with adjusting of voltage adjustment of on-load tap and capacitor switching instruction, utilize the remote control remote regulating interface of SCADA that action scheme is carried out by the down order passage then, to reach the purpose that reactive voltage in the electrical network is controlled automatically.First method, use nine administrative division map methods simple and clear, simple, can guarantee rate of qualified voltage and power factor that single transformer station is certain, but, the real time data that this mode is gathered derives from shunt capacitor and the on-load tap-changing transformer in the single transformer station, can not realize FR reactive voltage optimal control.Simultaneously, because the reactive power device all must be installed by each electric substation, investment is big, and the plant maintenance amount significantly increases; If newly add transformer station, also to increase relevant hardware or software simultaneously, invest bigger;
Second method, the reactive voltage automatic control mode is having only the power supply department under the single control centre and the single Surveillance center model of integration to use, for having the control centre and Surveillance center's management function is separated the reactive power mode, this scheme is not suitable for
In recent years, along with the transformation of unattended substation is progressively finished, a lot of power supply departments adopt the centralized control center that each unattended operation transformer station is monitored, general each centralized control center has under its command about 10 transformer stations, a medium-sized power supply department with 5 centralized control centers good at managing about, large-scale power supply department is with the centralized control center more than 10 good at managing, form a pagoda form, top layer is the control centre, and the middle level is the centralized control center, and the bottom is a transformer station.Scheduling power is at top layer; Monitoring power is in the middle level; Right of execution is at bottom.Therefore, have only the control model of second method also can not solve the problem of the tissue of scheduling power between weighing with a plurality of monitoring, priority, attribution of liability.
Three., summary of the invention
In view of above reason, for adapting to big-and-middle-sized power supply department, the management mode that scheduling station separates with the prison centralized control center authority of office, for this reason, the object of the present invention is to provide " a kind of graded hierarchical reactive voltage optimized control method ", in the hope of solving the reactive Voltage Optimum control problem in the electric power system under the present management mode.
The objective of the invention is to realize by following technical scheme:
Differentiated control pattern at control centre/Surveillance center, the control centre is in decision-making level, tissue detects each Surveillance center's state and examines, each Surveillance center then directly forms and assigns the characteristics of control command, utilize practical optimization determination methods, control all electric substation's capacitors in each Surveillance center's electrical network in real time, reactor switching and have and carry the sub-connecting switch of transformer gear and regulate is to reach the whole network network loss rate minimum, each node voltage qualification rate is the highest, all main transformers press the tap action frequency minimum, all capacitors, the most rational purpose of reactor switching.Simultaneously, utilize advanced computer technology and mechanics of communication, information mutual communication between control centre and each Surveillance center both can have been realized the examination to each Surveillance center's index of correlation, can preferentially make a strategic decision the again action command of each Surveillance center is to reach the target of reactive voltage hierarchical technology control.
(1) hierarchical technology control
Hierarchical technology control just belongs to different ranks with system-wide supervision and controlled function division and goes to finish, the functions of distributing to it of finishing at different levels, and will be delivered to upper level for information about, accept the upper level management, integrated control functions is carried out by highest level decision-making, and work at different levels are coordinated mutually, make every effort to The whole control system and reach optimum efficiency. hierarchical technology control according to " level is high more; intelligence is high more, and control precision is low more; Level is low more, and intelligence is low more, and control precision is high more " the principle of personification design.
(1) tissue class: this is the superlative degree of whole system, its degree of intelligence is the highest, carry out the intelligence of organization and administration decision-making, to instructing down and monitoring. this grade carries out friendly human-computer dialogue to last by man-machine interface and administrative staff. and this class precision is not high, suitable slightly unsuitable thin, so that carry out centralized guidance. this level can also be according to information such as actual production process and environment, adopt the mode rational controlled target of automatic or automanual proposition or the index of people-machine combination, form corresponding order or task and assign to bottom.
(2) collection control level: this is the intergrade of whole system, and its effect is to upload to assign.The result that it can calculate upper level accepts come, and forming needs the decision scheme operated in the own scope, then, is issued to next stage again and goes to carry out, and the order of implementing the centralized control part sends.After execution, give tissue class by its information uploading after the variation of next stage again, undertaken new one by tissue class and take turns and calculate and analysis.
(3) execution level: this is the lowermost level of control system, carry out the field control function, be the critical level of controlling in the automatic control system. this grade intelligence is minimum, but reliability, control precision and real-time require the highest, can reliably carry out the order or the task of administrative decision level, and implementation status is fed back to decision level.
(2), reactive Voltage Optimum control
1 target function
Because what this method was described is online in real time idle work optimization control system model, do not consider investment factor, so the desired value of delivery type is the system losses minimum
F□minPLoss (3-1)
To satisfy following equality constraint and inequality constraints condition simultaneously:
Node voltage constraint, province's gateway mouth power factor constraint (the high-pressure side power factor value of this method middle finger 220kV electric substation), on-load voltage regulation tap first gear number are regulated bound constraint and the constraint of equipment (comprising capacitor, reactor, on-load voltage regulation tap) the action frequency upper limit.
2 algorithm characteristics
2.1, idle work optimization adopts is genetic algorithm.
In conjunction with the characteristics of this method problem, this method adopts improves genetic algorithm.
For solving the shortcoming of genetic algorithm:
(1). genetic algorithm does not converge to optimal solution at certain time intervals, can't draw prioritization scheme;
(2). make a living data and have the partial data error too big of real time data, causing trend to be calculated can't restrain, thereby cannot obtain the network loss value, causes the genetic algorithm can't calculating target function;
(3). real time data is the ripe data after the state estimation, but state estimation data qualifier rate is lower than certain level time forbidding genetic algorithm.
In this method genetic algorithm is improved to:
(a), the genetic algorithm iterations reaches T and promptly stops optimizing, promptly stops algebraically, with current optimal case output.
(b), adjacent twice iteration difference e of reaching optimal value reaches preset value e
Ref
(c), reach the network loss minimizing value λ P that can receive this scheme
L
(d), reach certain hour and stop optimizing at interval by force.
(e), external termination signal.
After the improvement, can guarantee the optimal algorithm convergence.
2.2 what voltage correction adopted is the sensitivity direct method
After voltage is out-of-limit, require correcting algorithm can provide scheme as early as possible, general optimized Algorithm all needs a few minutes just can calculate, and this obviously can not satisfy the requirement of voltage correction, and we have selected the direct correcting algorithm based on sensitivity analysis and least square fong theory.Adopt sensitivity directly to carry out correction calculation, therefore have smaller calculation and computational speed faster; Use the least square fong theory in the algorithm, the correcting scheme of obtaining has been deviated from proofread and correct preceding economical operation state minimum, thereby guaranteed the economical operation of system as much as possible.
3, the coordination between qualified, power factor of voltage and the network loss
Is optimization aim although in Mathematical Modeling be with the network loss minimum, but in electric power system department examination at present is rate of qualified voltage and power factor, so, when voltage, when power factor is out-of-limit, if the whole network idle work optimization calculates, then resolutely stop searching process, the voltage correction that directly changes the sensitivity direct method over to calculates, and realizes voltage and the out-of-limit correction of power factor by the switching of capacitor, reactor; When the optimization DeGrain of idle work optimization program running, should avoid sending out the action frequency that a remote control, remote regulating order reduce compensation equipment.
4, the restriction of control appliance action frequency
Main transformer tap switch tap switching manipulation number of times in a specified time (as a day) is limited, all will satisfy the constraint that action frequency is no more than certain upper limit to each control variables.This constraint has increased the difficulty of idle work optimization just, must consider the action of these equipment from time integral body, makes originally when single the static reactive optimization of discontinuity surface consider global optimization from time integral body.
The main way that addresses the above problem is that the variation tendency of will load is subdivided into morning peak climbing section, morning peak lower slope section, evening peak climbing section, evening peak lower slope section, low ebb climbing section, six typical period of time of low ebb lower slope section.Simultaneously only discrete device (comprising main transformer, shunt compensation equipment) just participates in controlling in typical period of time, and continuous time has only the control (then not participating in the control of reactive voltage as no generator) of generator participation reactive voltage.
Concrete processing method is when selecting control variables for genetic algorithm, and the load period of judgement earlier, the capacitor that climbing section in this way only can be thrown, the reactor that can cut are as control variables, and capacitor that has moved and the reactor that has downcut be not as control variables.In like manner, as control variables, the capacitor of having stopped transport and the reactor that has moved be not as control variables at the capacitor that only can cut of load lower slope section, the reactor that can throw.
(3) control method of the present invention is implemented in conjunction with following computer program flow chart:
Introduce implementing procedure of the present invention in detail below in conjunction with flow chart:
Step 2-step 13 is the ground floor decision-making level-control centre of control method of the present invention; Step 14,15,16 is second layer supervisory layers-monitoring station; Step 17-20 is the 3rd layer of lowermost layer-transformer station;
In flow chart, step 2,3 is the real-time running data acquisition module of electrical network, and it obtains real data from two channels of SCADA of main website dispatching automation or province's net dispatching automation;
Step 4 is a data interface module, the whole network real time data of gathering in the switch process 2,3, it comprises the parameter size of voltage on each transformer station's median generatrix, electric current, active power, reactive power, power factor (PF), the tap joint position that live power transformer is arranged, the outlet switch position signal of capacitor, reactor reach and live power transformer, capacitor, the relevant relay protection signal of reactor are arranged;
Whether step 5 detects the test point power factor (PF) out-of-limit or whether node voltage out-of-limit? if then carry out
Step 6 or 7 operation; If no, then carry out the operation of step 8;
Step 6 is when the user wants the detection power factor index, shows the current index and the index of hope, and power factor (PF) is implemented to proofread and correct; Current index refers to that the user is by the detected numerical value of the power-factor indicator that is installed in test point; The index of wishing refers to user's numerical value of power factor (PF) of adjusting, and generally gets between the 0.85-1.0.Correction is meant the switching by capacitor, reactor, and the adjusting of on-load voltage regulation tap first gear number makes current index approach towards the index of hope, makes every effort to reach desired value;
Step 7 is when the user will detect test point node voltage index, shows the current index and the index of hope, and node voltage is implemented to proofread and correct; Current index refers to the user by the detected numerical value of the voltmeter that is installed in test point, and the index of hope refers to the adjust numerical value of voltage 10KV bus of user, generally gets between the 10.0KV-10.7KV.The correction notion is the same;
Step 8 refers to can carry out the calculating and the operation of the whole network idle work optimization when the power factor (PF) index of system or node voltage index all meet the demands, to reach the least possible optimization aim of the whole network loss, the economy of raising system operation;
Step 9 is when the corrected power factor, forms prioritization scheme;
Step 10 is when carrying out the calculating of the whole network idle work optimization, tries to achieve a convergence optimized Algorithm, if can try to achieve, directly goes step 13; The convergence optimized Algorithm here is meant the improvement genetic algorithm;
Step 11 is after node voltage is out-of-limit, requires correcting algorithm to provide scheme as early as possible, has selected the analytical method (explanation is seen below) based on the sensitivity direct method;
Step 12 is when working as to such an extent that do not go out the optimal algorithm of a convergence at step 10, the method that can adopt inverse regulation voltage to handle, and promptly in system's peak hours system implementation lower voltage limit operation, and the mode that the system implementation upper voltage limit is moved when system's bottom-valley load;
Step 13 is that step 9,10,11,12 4 kind of state are carried out the cause and effect decision-making, forms corresponding control command or target;
Step 14,15, the 16th, the second layer supervisory layers-monitoring station of control method of the present invention; All all will send out under by these monitoring stations with the form of remote control remote regulating order in order that ground floor forms or target, and the new remote measure and communication data collection that feeds back from each transformer station with pass to step 21;
Step 17,18,19, the 20th, the 3rd layer of lowermost layer-transformer station of control method of the present invention; It carries out the remote control remote regulating order that each monitoring station is assigned, and the operation corresponding device is with the target function that satisfies system and the requirement of constraints;
Step 21 is new remote measure and communication databases;
Repeating step 4-21; Through information flow step 22,, form a closed-loop system, move in circles, with assurance system energy cycle, operation automatically.
The number that is noted that above-mentioned monitoring station and transformer station can increase or reduce, and information can intercommunication between each monitoring station, between each transformer station, and double-head arrow is represented feedback data stream among the figure.
The direct ratio juris of step 11 medium sensitivity is:
Operation equation during system stability can be write as:
F(X,U)=0
It can draw following formula after balance place linearization process:
In the following formula, X is a control variables, and U is a state variable.
Pu: be exactly the voltage control sensitivity matrix, it has reflected the variation relation between voltage control zone inner control variable and the state variable.
Δ U: the residual quantity of current running status and balance point state.
Generally, be exactly according to result of calculation, obtain the sensitive numerical values recited of state variable to control variables, point out the sensitivity level of that state variable, thereby decision elder generation those equipment of action reach the purpose of correction to control variables.
The inventive method is by means of the technology of hierarchical technology control, and overall calculation, hierarchical decision, grading control, coordinated management have solved the problem that the reactive Voltage Optimum operation under control centre/Surveillance center's tactic pattern is controlled automatically preferably.
Four, description of drawings:
Accompanying drawing: a kind of computer program FB(flow block) of graded hierarchical reactive voltage optimized control method.
Five, case study on implementation
" a kind of graded hierarchical reactive voltage optimized control method " that the present invention proposes obtained in electric company control centre, Foochow, Fujian Province to use, and received good effect, thereby proved and propose actual application level of the present invention and value.
1. the administration of power networks structure is transferred on ground, Foochow
Table 1 is that the administration of power networks structure is transferred on ground, Foochow, and ground is transferred and set up a control centre, divides into 5 monitoring central station, is respectively logical lake, New Port, Jin An, horse hair, Cang Shan, and each monitoring central station is managed several transformer stations again respectively.
The power transformation of table 1 monitoring central station
Central station | The electric substation that has jurisdiction over |
Logical lake | The north suburb becomes, logical lake becomes, the screen west becomes, the May 4th becomes, the western suburb becomes, the east of a lake becomes, hot spring becomes |
New Port | Change in south gate change, New Port change, the platform, Ding Yu become, Pan Yang becomes, Wang Zhuanbian |
Jin An | Justice continent change, the emerging change of good fortune, the Xiushan Mountain become, official's small stream becomes, the Ao Feng continent becomes |
Horse hair | The eastern suburb becomes, fast peace becomes, Ma Jiang becomes, Lang Qi becomes, the booth river becomes |
Cang Shan | Kingsoft becomes, white Hu Ting becomes, gaolu becomes, last three changes |
Through analysis, can learn Foochow the whole network winding diagram:
(1). the monitoring range of each monitoring central station is according to administrative division, rather than divide according to the structure of electrical network.
(2). some electric substation divides open shop fully.Divide open shop as New Port change 1# transformer and 2# transformer, belong to the monitoring of Silvercord station though New Port becomes the 2# transformer, but become the 1# transformer-supplied by the north suburb; The May 4th becomes 1# and the 2# main transformer is monitored by logical lake central station, but be to become power supply by the eastern suburb this moment.
(3) .110kV electric substation by which 220kV electric substation power supply is determined by the electrical network actual operating state.
2. the whole network global optimization is calculated
(1) utilizes the improvement genetic algorithm to carry out the calculating of the whole network idle work optimization, and the 110kv tie point is satisfied province office following one deck optimal control target that examination requires to power factor (PF) in each time period by calculating proposition 220kv.
(2) carry out the capacitor switching of different electric substations and have and carry the sensitivity analysis that transformer tap gear is regulated influences each node voltage and the whole network network loss.
(3) the action priority queueing of carrying out network-wide basis inner capacitor, reactor and having year transformer to regulate.
(4) when the 10Kv node voltage is in acceptability limit, not merely satisfy this target, but carry out the trend secondary calculating, regulate each capacitor switching state, make the whole network each point realize inverse regulation voltage as far as possible, reach the purpose of total line loss rate minimum.
3. hierarchical decision and control
(1). according to trend and idle work optimization result calculated, according to the graded hierarchical reactive voltage controlling schemes, adopt expert system and fuzzy theory to set up to meet the whole network network loss as far as possible little, rate of qualified voltage try one's best high optimization and control judgment rule; Issue down one deck optimal control target by Fuzhou City's scheduling station to each prison centralized control center central station,
(2). in each Surveillance center's central station,, implement capacitor switching and have to carry the control that transformer tap gear is regulated, transfer main website to issue the purpose of optimal control target to reach the Fuzhou City by means of remote regulating, the distant control function of dispatching patcher automated system in the our station,
4. the control effect relatively
Table 2 is for 2003-3-23 whole day capacitor switching and have the transformer tap gear of carrying to regulate the successful history command of operation; Table 3 is a 2003-3-2310kV busbar voltage qualification rate.By table as seen, capacitor switching and have the transformer tap gear of carrying to regulate a total degree to be no more than 33 times in 13 transformer stations one day, and the effect of bringing to be rate of qualified voltage in all 10Kv buses one day reach 100%, to reach the target that network-wide optimization is controlled.
Table 2,2003-3-23 whole day operation of equipment success history command
Table 3,2003-3-23 10kV busbar voltage qualification rate.
5, coordinated management
Each Surveillance center's station control system is as service side, control centre, Fuzhou City browser is the customer, all control informations of the relevant native system of each central station can be browsed by the control centre, and can directly examine quality of voltage, equipment action frequency, the power factor of each monitoring central station by native system.Service side and customer's relation each other again between each monitoring central station simultaneously is so every information resources relevant with native system can realize shared and manage.
6. conclusion
Adopt the hierarchical technology theory and technology in the reactive Voltage Optimum operation automatic control mode of control centre/Surveillance center's station structure, the scheduling power under this management mode of having solved preferably separate with monitoring power, each central station has independently and implements the automatic problem that runs into of controlling of reactive Voltage Optimum operation under the control pattern situation, neither change the existing management mode in large and medium-sized control centre, can implement reactive Voltage Optimum control again, be to be worth research and the new technology of putting into practice.
Claims (1)
1. pass rank reactive Voltage Optimum control method for one kind, it is characterized in that the controlled step of this method is as follows:
Step 2-step 13 is the ground floor decision-making level-control centre of control method of the present invention; Step 14,15,16 is second layer supervisory layers-monitoring station; Step 17-20 is the 3rd layer of lowermost layer-transformer station;
In program circuit, step 2,3 is the real-time running data acquisition module of electrical network, and it obtains real data from two channels of SCADA of main website dispatching automation or province's net dispatching automation;
Step 4 is a data interface module, the whole network real time data of gathering in the switch process 2,3, it comprises the parameter size of voltage on the bus in each transformer station, electric current, meritorious, idle, power factor (PF) and the tap joint position of live power transformer, the outlet switch position signal of capacitor, reactor is arranged;
Whether step 5 detection power factor out-of-limit or whether node voltage out-of-limit? if then carry out the operation of step 6 or 7; If no, then carry out the operation of step 8;
Step 6 is when the user wants the detection power factor index, shows the current index and the index of hope, and power factor (PF) is implemented to proofread and correct; Current index refers to that the user is by the detected numerical value of the power-factor indicator that is installed in test point; The index of wishing refers to user's numerical value of power factor (PF) of adjusting, and generally gets between the 0.85-1.0.Correction is meant the switching by capacitor, reactor, and the adjusting of on-load voltage regulation tap first gear number makes current index approach towards the index of hope, makes every effort to reach desired value;
Step 7 is when the user will detect test point node voltage index, shows the current index and the index of hope, and node voltage is implemented to proofread and correct; Current index refers to that the user is by the detected numerical value of the voltmeter that is installed in test point; The index of wishing refers to the adjust voltage value of 10KV bus of user, generally gets between the 10.0KV-10.7KV, and it is the same to proofread and correct notion;
Step 8 refers to can carry out the calculating and the operation of the whole network idle work optimization when the power factor (PF) index of system or node voltage index all meet the demands, to reach the least possible optimization aim of the whole network loss, the economy of raising system operation;
Step 9 is when the corrected power factor, forms prioritization scheme;
Step 10 is when carrying out the calculating of the whole network idle work optimization, tries to achieve a convergence optimized Algorithm, if can try to achieve, directly goes step 13; The convergence optimized Algorithm here is meant the improvement genetic algorithm;
Step 11 is after node voltage is out-of-limit, requires correcting algorithm to provide scheme as early as possible, has selected the analytical method based on the sensitivity direct method;
Step 12 is when working as to such an extent that do not go out the optimal algorithm of a convergence at step 10, the method that can adopt inverse regulation voltage to handle, and promptly in system's peak hours system implementation lower voltage limit operation, and the mode that the system implementation upper voltage limit is moved when system's bottom-valley load;
Step 13 is that step 9,10,11,12 4 kind of state are carried out the cause and effect decision-making, forms corresponding control command or target;
Step 14,15, the 16th, the second layer supervisory layers-monitoring station of control method of the present invention; All all will send out under by these monitoring stations with the form of remote control remote regulating order in order that ground floor forms or target, and the new remote measure and communication data collection that feeds back from each transformer station with pass to step 21;
Step 17,18,19, the 20th, the 3rd layer of lowermost layer-transformer station of control method of the present invention; It carries out the remote control remote regulating order that each monitoring station is assigned, and the operation corresponding device is with the target function that satisfies system and the requirement of constraints;
Step 21 is new remote measure and communication databases;
Repeating step 4-21; Through information flow step 22,, form a closed-loop system, move in circles, with assurance system energy cycle, operation automatically.
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CN102280895A (en) * | 2011-08-31 | 2011-12-14 | 西南石油大学 | Incremental multitarget layering dynamic reactive power control method for regional power grid |
CN103606928B (en) * | 2013-12-10 | 2016-05-11 | 山东电力工程咨询院有限公司 | Inverse time lag control method of transformer station voltage and device |
CN104319772A (en) * | 2014-10-21 | 2015-01-28 | 深圳大学 | Method for symmetrically acquiring loss power sensitivity from AC-DC hybrid power system |
CN104810840A (en) * | 2015-05-18 | 2015-07-29 | 国网上海市电力公司 | Full-network voltage and reactive power optimization control system and control method thereof |
CN104836242A (en) * | 2015-05-22 | 2015-08-12 | 温州电力设计有限公司 | Reactive power optimization method for regional power grid |
CN104836242B (en) * | 2015-05-22 | 2017-09-26 | 温州电力设计有限公司 | Area power grid idle work optimization method |
CN113824127A (en) * | 2021-09-21 | 2021-12-21 | 费莱(浙江)科技有限公司 | Regional power grid AVC control method |
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