CN1936965A - 3-D body automatic generation method for 3-D simulation display - Google Patents
3-D body automatic generation method for 3-D simulation display Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The method includes steps: first, determining data of vector line and data of cross section of 3D body to be displayed; next, based on data of vector line to select position to place cross section on vector line; then, based on data of cross section to place cross section on the selected position; connecting corresponding points between each adjacent two pieces of cross section by using straight lines so as to generate 3D curved surface. Using technique of matching cross section through data of vector line, the method generates 3D scene automatically, provides vivid virtual effect near to scene produced from fine moldering approach. The invention saves moldering and preprocessing time, makes updating 3D scene possible in real time.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to three-dimensional simulation display technique field, relate in particular to a kind of three-dimensional body automatic generation method that three-dimensional simulation shows that is used for.
Background technology
The three-dimensional simulation display technique is devoted to reappear on computers the real world in the life, and can extract the effective information in this world, realizes statistics, analysis, forecast function, to support human decision making.
Existing three-dimensional scenic manufacturing technology generally makes the performance that realizes three-dimensional information in two ways:
A kind of vector data that is to use generates three-dimensional scenic automatically, face road and the greenery patches information etc. expressed that resemble by simple as monochromatic line with different colours, complicated also providing according to for example vector data of building of any adds floor attribute field generation vector building piece, perhaps add and paste texture etc., but display effect simple geometric body is often piled up, and simulated effect is poor.Many three-dimensional functions of browse that data are provided with the method in traditional two-dimensional analog display technique;
Another kind is to use the modeling method virtual emulation, and by the artificial various scenery that the establishment virtual world will show in modeling tools such as 3DMax, import system is realized the performance of three-dimensional sight then.Though this method display effect is very true to nature, the object of this type of scene needs a large amount of artificial modelings, and the engineering workload is huge, and effect depends on modeling staff's quality, and when the three-dimensional properties data changed, display effect can't change synchronously.
On the other hand, in realizing the process that three-dimensional simulation shows, also have the problem that to pay attention to, promptly how when virtual effect true to nature is provided, can also operate, visit the object of this virtual world with abstract geography information object.For example, in a scene that shows by three-dimensional simulation, a railway that 3-D effect is arranged is arranged, we can see roadbed, the rail of that overhead solid, even sleeper, but in the application and development of a railway programmed decision-making system, we wish again and can treat this railway with a line of vector object, so that statistics railway length, carry out the buffer strip analysis, real time altering planning railway line etc.
Therefore, how on the basis that guarantees display effect, provide a kind of method that generates fast automatically of said three-dimensional body, also remain with the relevant vector characteristic of display object simultaneously, become problem demanding prompt solution in the industry.
Summary of the invention
Technical matters to be solved by this invention is to provide a kind of three-dimensional body automatic generation method that three-dimensional simulation shows that is used for, and utilizes vector data, and generation three-dimensional scenic quick, true to nature also remains with the relevant vector characteristic of display object simultaneously.
The invention provides a kind of three-dimensional body automatic generation method that three-dimensional simulation shows that is used for, comprise the steps:
Determine the line of vector data and the cross-sectional data thereof of the said three-dimensional body that desire shows;
According to the line of vector data, on line of vector, choose the position of placing xsect;
According to cross-sectional data, on the described position of choosing, place xsect;
Corresponding point between two whenever adjacent xsects are linked to each other with straight line, generate three-dimension curved surface.
Wherein, the line of vector data step of the said three-dimensional body that described definite desire shows can be to determine according to the original line of vector of described said three-dimensional body.
Preferably, the line of vector data step of the said three-dimensional body that described definite desire shows can be that flex point place with the original line of vector of described said three-dimensional body generates and determines after smooth camber line replaces original angle.
Wherein, the cross-sectional data step of the said three-dimensional body that described definite desire shows comprises and determines counting and the coordinate of each point on data texturing file, the xsect.
Wherein, the described position step of placing xsect of choosing on line of vector can be selected on each flex point of line of vector and place an xsect.
Preferably, the described position step of placing xsect of choosing on line of vector can be to select a plurality of points to place xsect on the smooth camber line that generates at each described flex point place of line of vector.
Wherein, the described xsect step of on the position of choosing, placing, the placement direction of xsect is: the normal vector of xsect equals the mean value of set-point both sides line segment vector.
Wherein, the flex point place of described original line of vector with said three-dimensional body generates smooth camber line and replaces original angle step, can be by calculating the incircle of described angle, with the circular arc between the point of contact as described smooth camber line.
Preferably, the flex point place of described original line of vector with said three-dimensional body generates smooth camber line and replaces original angle step, can finish as follows:
On the both sides line segment of described flex point (O), choose first point (P1) and second point (P2) respectively;
(P1 O) is divided into the N section to first line segment that will be made of described first point (P1) and flex point (O), obtains equal branch a1, a2...ai...a (N-1);
(O P2) is divided into the N section to second line segment that will be made of described second point (P2) and flex point (O), obtains equal branch b1, b2...bi...b (N-1);
With described first point (P1) respectively with second line segment (O, P2) the equal branch b1 of on each, b2...bi...b (N-1) link to each other obtain first divide equally sets of line segments (P1, b1) ... (P1, bi) ... (P1, b (N-1));
With described second point (P2) respectively with first line segment (P1, O) the equal branch a1 of on each, a2...ai...a (N-1) link to each other obtain second divide equally sets of line segments (P2, a1) ... (P2, ai) ... (P2, a (N-1));
Divide equally sets of line segments (P1 with described first, b1) ... (P1, bi) ... (P1, b (N-1)) divides equally sets of line segments (P1 with second, b1) ... (P1, bi) ... the corresponding intersection point of (P1, b (N-1)) (m1, m2...mi...m (N-1)) generates the smooth curve that approaches with described first point (P1) and second point (P2) as continuity point.
Preferably, the line of vector data and the cross-sectional data step thereof of the said three-dimensional body that definite desire of the present invention shows may further include: the said three-dimensional body of determining the desire demonstration is mated the thing data along the line;
Described that corresponding point between two whenever adjacent xsects are continuous with straight line, generate the three-dimension curved surface step, further comprise:, generate the three-dimensional thing that mates along the line along the line at line of vector according to coupling thing data along the line.
Wherein, described definite coupling thing data step along the line, model data file, visual range, coupling thing spacing, the position coordinates of coupling thing on xsect of determining coupling thing along the line be can comprise, directivity and the pantograph ratio of determining coupling thing along the line can further include.
Wherein, described definite coupling object model data file step along the line can comprise the visual range according to the coupling thing, and the model data of different finenesses is provided.
Preferably, the present invention may further include step: according to described cross-sectional data and coupling thing data along the line, the configurations match model file, describing in the Matching Model file has counting and the coordinate of each point, the position coordinates on xsect of model data file, visual range, coupling thing spacing, coupling thing that mates thing along the line, mate the directivity and the pantograph ratio of thing along the line on xsect data texturing file, the xsect; Inquire about described Matching Model file then, the corresponding point between two whenever adjacent xsects are linked to each other with straight line, generate three-dimension curved surface,, generate the three-dimensional thing that mates along the line along the line at line of vector according to coupling thing data along the line according to cross-sectional data.
The present invention utilizes the xsect matching technique of line of vector data, merged the advantage of vector geometric ways with artificial modeling pattern generation said three-dimensional body, realized utilizing the fast automatic generation three-dimensional scenic of vector data, and the virtual effect true to nature near the fine modeling scene is arranged, make existing a large amount of two-dimensional vector data in 3-D display, obtain utilizing once more to greatest extent on the one hand, all vector characteristics that kept display object, saved the conventional three-dimensional scene on the other hand again and shown needed a large amount of modeling and pretreatment time, made the three-dimensional scenic real-time update become possibility.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the method flow synoptic diagram according to the described automatic generation said three-dimensional body of embodiments of the invention;
Fig. 2 is the line of vector data instance figure of a simple highway;
Fig. 3 utilizes the three-dimensional simulation of the simple highway of embodiment method generation of the present invention to show synoptic diagram;
Fig. 4 is the synoptic diagram that generates the smooth camber line at flex point place according to embodiments of the invention;
Fig. 5 carries out the three-dimensional highway synoptic diagram that the definite highway line of vector in circular arc processing back generates for utilizing to original line of vector;
The complex scene 3-D effect synoptic diagram that have along the line coupling thing of Fig. 6 for generating according to the matched line model.
Embodiment
As shown in Figure 1, be method flow synoptic diagram, at first determine the line of vector data and the cross-sectional data (step 101) thereof of the said three-dimensional body that desire shows according to the described automatic generation said three-dimensional body of embodiments of the invention; According to the line of vector data, on line of vector, choose the position (step 102) of placing xsect then; According to cross-sectional data, on the described position of choosing, place xsect (step 103); Corresponding point between two whenever adjacent xsects are linked to each other with straight line, generate three-dimension curved surface (step 104).
In step 101, what at first need to determine is line of vector and the cross-sectional data that desire generates the said three-dimensional body that shows.As shown in Figure 2, be the line of vector data instance figure of a simple highway.Among the figure, line of vector 20 is the original line of vector of a highway.For the user and the producer of geographic information data, accumulation has a large amount of similar vector datas in their hand, utilizes the present invention, can make these vector datas represent the value that makes new advances in 3-D display.
As shown in table 1, for generating the cross-sectional data example of simple Highway house need as shown in Figure 2.
Table 1:
| VRMap_Match_Model (feature identifier) 1 (version number) ROAD.BMP (repetition texture) 4 (transversal millet cake number)-40 0 (first point of cross section)-4 .25 (second point of cross section) 4 .25 (the 3rd point of cross section) 40 (the 4th point of cross section) |
Cross-sectional data information can be kept in the Matching Model text, and it has comprised the coordinate and the said three-dimensional body information such as texture that repeat along the line of each point on the xsect, is note in the bracket.
It is contemplated that, if line of vector is the bar straight line, so, the xsect matching problem then is easy to realize, put two xsects at straight line two, simply the summit of the summit of each xsect and another xsect same position is linked up then and can be obtained the three-dimension curved surface that a quadrilateral constitutes, each quadrilateral is cutd open into the triangulation network that two triangles can obtain being fit to 3-D display.
Therefore, as described in step 102, solving between two xsects between the structure cross section after the problem of curved surface, the xsect matching problem is sought suitable position and has been placed xsect with regard to being reduced to.
As described in step 103, in the simple way, can put an xsect at each flex point 201,202,203 place of line of vector, the xsect normal vector equals the mean value of flex point both sides line segment vector.
Like this, as described in step 104, just the corresponding point between two whenever adjacent xsects can be linked to each other with straight line, generate three-dimension curved surface.
As shown in Figure 3, be the three-dimensional simulation demonstration synoptic diagram of the simple highway that utilizes embodiment method generation of the present invention.
But the effect of the line of vector corner of obvious this method can't be satisfactory, and we need a kind of method to obtain the smooth camber line at two included angle of straight line places.
A method of expecting easily is to ask the incircle of angle, and the circular arc between the point of contact of circle and two straight lines is required smooth camber line, but in this actual realization, owing to ask the algorithm of incircle too complicated, and relate to angle calculation, operand is often bigger.
The invention provides the another kind of method that generates smooth camber line, as shown in Figure 4, suppose that two straight lines have a P1 and P2 around the corner respectively, the summit, turning is O, obtain the smooth camber line from P1 to P2.(P1 O) is divided into the N section, obtains an a1, a2...ai...a (N-1) line segment; (O P2) divides equally the N section, obtains a b1, b2...bi...b (N-1) line segment; Then (P1, bi) line and (P2, ai) intersection point of line is mi, wherein i=1 obtains m1, m2...mi, m (N-1) to (N-1); Like this, (P1, m1, m2...mi...m (N-1), P2) continuity point has constituted the required smooth camber line that approaches.
This arc method of asking is actually simple all branches and the crossing problem of straight line, and algorithm is simple, the operation efficiency height.And the camber line size is specified in this algorithm support, and promptly P1, P2 support to specify camber line to approach line segment quantity apart from the distance of flex point O, put distance when being well suited for 3-D display according to the observation, adjust display quality, promptly approach line segment quantity.
As shown in Figure 5, be utilization original line of vector is carried out the three-dimensional highway synoptic diagram that circular arc is handled the highway line of vector generation of determining the back.
In addition, in order further to generate complicated three-dimensional scenic, the present invention can also determine various coupling things along the line in the lump further when determining vector data, for example the electric pole on highway next door.
Can use a Matching Model text, needed coupling thing data are described, for example, in matched line model text, can comprise following information:
1) the Matching Model Al Kut is levied character string: VRMap_atch_Model for example;
2) version number: for example 3;
3) data texturing filename (should with model file under same path): C-8.BMP for example;
4) xsect points N:
5) N point coordinate:
6) mate the species number along the line:
7) mate the Data Filename (should with model file under same path) of thing along the line: for example, street lamp .3ds;
8) mating thing along the line has non-directional: for example, 0 representative is directionless, and＞0 represents its Z axle and line of vector in the same way, and＜0 expression Z axle and line of vector are reverse;
9) mate the thing pantograph ratio along the line:
10) visual range:
11) mate the spacing of thing along the line:
12) match point number M on xsect;
13) M point coordinate (position of expression coupling along the line thing on xsect):
14) the closed length of grade in two ends:
15) section mouthful sinking height:
16) matched line texture brightness:
17) the vacant amount in coupling thing two ends.
Above-mentioned model file can carry out according to actual conditions at any time to the modification of describing, and is not only very convenient, and readability is very strong.
Simultaneously, be used for the data file of line of vector coupling, for example the data texturing and the model data etc. of mating thing along the line can be carried out the replacement of different fineness models.For example, in order to show one tree, show in the time of can specifying one 3000 the tree-model of fineness in 50 meters of observer distances, specify the tree-model of one 100 middle class precision again, 50 to 500 meters apart from the time show, specify one 4 naive model again, show in the time of beyond 500 meters.So, because arbitrary moment of observer only can be near a small amount of object, the demonstration of other most of objects can show with the naive model of few face, plays up burden thereby reduced significantly.
Like this, utilize the characteristics of line of vector micromorphologic repeatability along the line, xsect information for the model file storage, for simple performance as the pipeline object, the matched line model can only be stored the dot information of that circular cross section that constitutes pipeline, on the coupling behind the concrete pipeline line of vector, present be exactly one along three-dimensional entity this line of vector, that actual diameter is arranged, that can respond to illumination shade in the virtual three-dimensional scene; For the performance of complex scene, can increase coupling by extended description to model file to three-dimensional object along the line, can realize that the coupling of complicated view along the line shows.
As shown in Figure 6, the overhead railway among the figure, bridge pier, pontic, the electric pole that comprises it be same line of vector 60 automatically coupling generate.
Claims (14)
1, a kind of three-dimensional body automatic generation method that is used for the three-dimensional simulation demonstration is characterized in that, comprises the steps:
Determine the line of vector data and the cross-sectional data thereof of the said three-dimensional body that desire shows;
According to the line of vector data, on line of vector, choose the position of placing xsect;
According to cross-sectional data, on the described position of choosing, place xsect;
Corresponding point between two whenever adjacent xsects are linked to each other with straight line, generate three-dimension curved surface.
2, the method for claim 1 is characterized in that, the line of vector data step of the said three-dimensional body that described definite desire shows is to determine according to the original line of vector of described said three-dimensional body.
3, the method for claim 1 is characterized in that, the line of vector data step of the said three-dimensional body that described definite desire shows is that flex point place with the original line of vector of described said three-dimensional body generates and determines after smooth camber line replaces original angle.
4, the method for claim 1 is characterized in that, the cross-sectional data step of the said three-dimensional body that described definite desire shows comprises and determines counting and the coordinate of each point on data texturing file, the xsect.
5, the method for claim 1 is characterized in that, the described position step of placing xsect of choosing on line of vector is selected on each flex point of line of vector and places an xsect.
6, method as claimed in claim 3 is characterized in that, the described position step of placing xsect of choosing on line of vector is to select a plurality of points to place xsect on the smooth camber line that generates at each described flex point place of line of vector.
7, the method for claim 1 is characterized in that, the described xsect step of on the position of choosing, placing, and the placement direction of xsect is: the normal vector of xsect equals the mean value of set-point both sides line segment vector.
8, method as claimed in claim 3, it is characterized in that, the flex point place of described original line of vector with said three-dimensional body generates smooth camber line and replaces original angle step, is by calculating the incircle of described angle, with the circular arc between the point of contact as described smooth camber line.
9, method as claimed in claim 3 is characterized in that, the flex point place of described original line of vector with said three-dimensional body generates smooth camber line and replaces original angle step, comprises the steps:
On the both sides line segment of described flex point (O), choose first point (P1) and second point (P2) respectively;
(P1 O) is divided into the N section to first line segment that will be made of described first point (P1) and flex point (O), obtains equal branch a1, a2...ai...a (N-1);
(O P2) is divided into the N section to second line segment that will be made of described second point (P2) and flex point (O), obtains equal branch b1, b2...bi...b (N-1);
With described first point (P1) respectively with second line segment (O, P2) the equal branch b1 of on each, b2...bi...b (N-1) link to each other obtain first divide equally sets of line segments (P1, b1) ... (P1, bi) ... (P1, b (N-1));
With described second point (P2) respectively with first line segment (P1, O) the equal branch a1 of on each, a2...ai...a (N-1) link to each other obtain second divide equally sets of line segments (P2, a1) ... (P2, ai) ... (P2, a (N-1));
Divide equally sets of line segments (P1 with described first, b1) ... (P1, bi) ... (P1, b (N-1)) divides equally sets of line segments (P1 with second, b1) ... (P1, bi) ... the corresponding intersection point of (P1, b (N-1)) (m1, m2...mi...m (N-1)) generates the smooth curve that approaches with described first point (P1) and second point (P2) as continuity point.
10, the method for claim 1 is characterized in that,
The line of vector data and the cross-sectional data step thereof of the said three-dimensional body that described definite desire shows further comprise: the said three-dimensional body of determining the desire demonstration is mated the thing data along the line;
Described that corresponding point between two whenever adjacent xsects are continuous with straight line, generate the three-dimension curved surface step, further comprise:, generate the three-dimensional thing that mates along the line along the line at line of vector according to coupling thing data along the line.
11, method as claimed in claim 10 is characterized in that, described definite coupling thing data step along the line comprises and determines model data file, visual range, coupling thing spacing, the position coordinates of coupling thing on xsect that mates thing along the line.
12, method as claimed in claim 11 is characterized in that, described definite coupling thing data step along the line further comprises and determines directivity and pantograph ratio of mating thing along the line.
13, method as claimed in claim 11 is characterized in that, described definite coupling object model data file step along the line comprises the visual range according to the coupling thing, and the model data of different finenesses is provided.
14, method as claimed in claim 10 is characterized in that,
The said three-dimensional body that described definite desire shows is mated the thing data step along the line, further comprise: according to described cross-sectional data and coupling thing data along the line, the configurations match model file, describing in the Matching Model file has counting and the coordinate of each point, the position coordinates on xsect of model data file, visual range, coupling thing spacing, coupling thing that mates thing along the line, mate the directivity and the pantograph ratio of thing along the line on xsect data texturing file, the xsect;
Described that corresponding point between two whenever adjacent xsects are continuous with straight line, generate the three-dimension curved surface step, comprise: inquire about described Matching Model file, according to cross-sectional data the corresponding point between two whenever adjacent xsects are linked to each other with straight line, generate three-dimension curved surface, according to coupling thing data along the line, generate three-dimensional coupling thing along the line along the line at line of vector.
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN101383910B (en) * | 2007-09-05 | 2012-02-22 | 索尼株式会社 | Apparatus and method for rendering a 3d scene |
| CN110807219A (en) * | 2019-10-16 | 2020-02-18 | 湖北亿咖通科技有限公司 | Three-dimensional simulation modeling method, device, terminal and storage medium for road network |
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2005
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Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN101383910B (en) * | 2007-09-05 | 2012-02-22 | 索尼株式会社 | Apparatus and method for rendering a 3d scene |
| CN110807219A (en) * | 2019-10-16 | 2020-02-18 | 湖北亿咖通科技有限公司 | Three-dimensional simulation modeling method, device, terminal and storage medium for road network |
| CN110807219B (en) * | 2019-10-16 | 2021-06-01 | 湖北亿咖通科技有限公司 | Three-dimensional simulation modeling method, device, terminal and storage medium for road network |
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