CN1936498A - Gas ionization type middle-low-energy X.gamma-ray detector - Google Patents
Gas ionization type middle-low-energy X.gamma-ray detector Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN1936498A CN1936498A CN 200610113702 CN200610113702A CN1936498A CN 1936498 A CN1936498 A CN 1936498A CN 200610113702 CN200610113702 CN 200610113702 CN 200610113702 A CN200610113702 A CN 200610113702A CN 1936498 A CN1936498 A CN 1936498A
- Authority
- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- ionization chamber
- tubular
- low energy
- gas
- ray detector
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
- 230000005251 gamma ray Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 23
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 61
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 61
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 32
- 239000012212 insulator Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 239000011261 inert gas Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 238000003466 welding Methods 0.000 claims description 21
- XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Argon Chemical compound [Ar] XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 20
- 238000005219 brazing Methods 0.000 claims description 14
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- 229910052786 argon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Alumina Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910000679 solder Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052790 beryllium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- ATBAMAFKBVZNFJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N beryllium atom Chemical compound [Be] ATBAMAFKBVZNFJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 claims 2
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 claims 2
- 239000004411 aluminium Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 239000004615 ingredient Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 238000005476 soldering Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 abstract description 32
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 abstract description 9
- 238000003384 imaging method Methods 0.000 abstract description 4
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 3
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 3
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 abstract description 3
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000007689 inspection Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000005025 nuclear technology Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 229910052573 porcelain Inorganic materials 0.000 description 9
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 6
- 230000004927 fusion Effects 0.000 description 3
- 229910000881 Cu alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silver Chemical compound [Ag] BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- NEIHULKJZQTQKJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N [Cu].[Ag] Chemical compound [Cu].[Ag] NEIHULKJZQTQKJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052709 silver Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000004332 silver Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052793 cadmium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- BDOSMKKIYDKNTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N cadmium atom Chemical compound [Cd] BDOSMKKIYDKNTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XQPRBTXUXXVTKB-UHFFFAOYSA-M caesium iodide Chemical compound [I-].[Cs+] XQPRBTXUXXVTKB-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000001307 helium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052734 helium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- SWQJXJOGLNCZEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N helium atom Chemical compound [He] SWQJXJOGLNCZEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052743 krypton Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- DNNSSWSSYDEUBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N krypton atom Chemical compound [Kr] DNNSSWSSYDEUBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052754 neon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- GKAOGPIIYCISHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N neon atom Chemical compound [Ne] GKAOGPIIYCISHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000009659 non-destructive testing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000035515 penetration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000035945 sensitivity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002277 temperature effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- PBYZMCDFOULPGH-UHFFFAOYSA-N tungstate Chemical compound [O-][W]([O-])(=O)=O PBYZMCDFOULPGH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000005493 welding type Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052724 xenon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- FHNFHKCVQCLJFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N xenon atom Chemical compound [Xe] FHNFHKCVQCLJFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Images
Landscapes
- Measurement Of Radiation (AREA)
Abstract
气体电离型中低能X、γ射线探测器属于核技术应用技术领域，涉及用于中低能X、γ射线测控或成像系统探测器技术领域。其特征在于，是管状电离室，含有作为高压极的管状电离室壁，作为收集极的中央金属细管，管状电离室的端部有端盖，端盖处用金属－陶瓷熔封绝缘子密封及引出信号，在管状电离室内部充满以惰性气体为主要成分的工作气体，管状电离室的尾部采用允许中低能X、γ光子射入的金属薄窗密封。本发明具有暗电流小、稳定、可靠，对温度不敏感、环境适应性好等优点。能按需要组合、排列成为各种形式的一维或二维中低能X、γ射线阵列探测装置，适用于钢板凸度计等工业核测控系统或箱包CT检查设备等辐射成像检测系统。
The gas ionization type low-medium energy X, gamma ray detector belongs to the technical field of nuclear technology application, and relates to the technical field of detectors used in low-medium energy X, gamma ray measurement and control or imaging systems. It is characterized in that it is a tubular ionization chamber, including a tubular ionization chamber wall as a high-voltage pole, a central thin metal tube as a collector, and an end cover at the end of the tubular ionization chamber, which is sealed with a metal-ceramic fusing insulator and To extract the signal, the inside of the tubular ionization chamber is filled with working gas with inert gas as the main component, and the tail of the tubular ionization chamber is sealed with a thin metal window that allows the injection of medium and low energy X and γ photons. The invention has the advantages of small dark current, stability, reliability, insensitivity to temperature, good environmental adaptability and the like. It can be combined and arranged into various forms of one-dimensional or two-dimensional medium and low energy X, γ-ray array detection devices as required, suitable for industrial nuclear measurement and control systems such as steel plate convexity gauges or radiation imaging detection systems such as luggage CT inspection equipment.
Description
技术领域：Technical field:
气体电离型中低能X、γ射线探测器属于核技术应用技术领域，涉及用于中低能X、γ射线测控或成像系统探测器技术领域。The gas ionization type low-medium energy X, gamma ray detector belongs to the technical field of nuclear technology application, and relates to the technical field of detectors used in low-medium energy X, gamma ray measurement and control or imaging systems.
背景技术：Background technique:
当今工业核测控系统，如在线检测钢板截面厚度分布的“凸度计”等，需要采用能探测中低能X、γ射线空间分布的阵列探测装置。同医用CT或精细无损检测设备不同，以上测量系统的空间分辨率要求较低，所用阵列探测装置的像素尺寸较大，一般为亚厘米量级(例如：5-10mm)。目前在工业核测控系统中常用的阵列探测器是由“闪烁体(碘化铯或钨酸镉闪烁晶体)+光电二极管”探测器排列组合而成的阵列探测装置。中低能X、γ光子射入闪烁体产生闪烁光，再由光电二极管将之转换为电信号。此阵列探测装置的像素尺寸随所选光电二极管型号而定。例如，选用S1337-66BQ/BR型光电二极管及与之相配的闪烁体后，像素尺寸是9×10mm2。当闪烁体的厚度足够大，此类探测器将具有很高的中低能X、γ辐射探测效率(超过60％)。然而，这类探测器的主要缺点是：暗电流大(～1×10-10A)、对温度极敏感(使用时须严格避光)、辐照寿命短以及稳定性、可靠性不佳等。这在工业应用等场合中会造成许多困难，例如，为克服其温度效应，在热轧钢板凸度计中不得不采取复杂技术来冷却和稳定探测装置的温度。Today's industrial nuclear measurement and control systems, such as the "convexity meter" for online detection of the thickness distribution of steel plate sections, need to use array detection devices that can detect the spatial distribution of low- and medium-energy X and γ-rays. Unlike medical CT or fine non-destructive testing equipment, the spatial resolution requirements of the above measurement systems are low, and the pixel size of the array detection device used is relatively large, generally on the order of sub-centimeters (for example: 5-10mm). At present, the array detectors commonly used in industrial nuclear measurement and control systems are array detection devices composed of "scintillation (cesium iodide or cadmium tungstate scintillation crystal) + photodiode" detectors. Low- and medium-energy X and γ photons are injected into the scintillator to generate scintillation light, which is then converted into an electrical signal by a photodiode. The pixel size of this array detection device depends on the selected photodiode model. For example, after selecting S1337-66BQ/BR photodiode and matching scintillator, the pixel size is 9×10mm 2 . When the thickness of the scintillator is large enough, this type of detector will have very high detection efficiency (over 60%) of low-medium energy X and gamma radiation. However, the main disadvantages of this type of detector are: large dark current (~1×10 -10 A), extremely sensitive to temperature (strictly avoid light when used), short irradiation life, poor stability and reliability, etc. . This causes many difficulties in industrial applications, for example, to overcome its temperature effect, complex techniques have to be adopted to cool and stabilize the temperature of the detection device in protruding gauges.
发明内容：Invention content:
本发明的目的在于克服工业核测控系统(如凸度计)中上述“闪烁体+光电二极管”探测器的缺陷，提出一种前端设有金属薄窗的气体电离型中低能X、γ射线探测器。它借助前端的金属薄窗，既保持高压密封性，又允许中低能X、γ光子射入其灵敏体积。同时，依靠一定的灵敏体积长度、足够高的充气压力以及高原子序数气体组分，使之具有很高的探测效率与灵敏度。此种电离室的截面为圆形、正方形、长方形或其它形状，像素(截面)尺寸在亚厘米或厘米范围，能够按照需要排列、组合成不同形式的一维或者二维阵列探测装置。The purpose of the present invention is to overcome the defects of the above-mentioned "scintillation body + photodiode" detector in the industrial nuclear measurement and control system (such as the convexity meter), and propose a gas ionization type low-energy X and γ-ray detection with a thin metal window at the front end device. With the thin metal window at the front, it not only maintains high-pressure sealing, but also allows low- and medium-energy X and gamma photons to enter its sensitive volume. At the same time, relying on a certain sensitive volume length, sufficiently high inflation pressure and high atomic number gas components, it has high detection efficiency and sensitivity. The cross section of this kind of ionization chamber is circular, square, rectangular or other shapes, and the pixel (cross section) size is in the sub-centimeter or centimeter range, and can be arranged and combined into different forms of one-dimensional or two-dimensional array detection devices as required.
众所周知，充气电离室是一类应用广泛的气体电离型探测器，它靠电极(与高压电源相联的高压极及与信号系统相联的收集极)收集入射线在所充气体内产生的电子-离子对，而输出电荷信号。依靠本发明的特殊结构，实现了能应用于凸度计等工业核测控系统的中低能X、γ射线气体电离型阵列探测器。由充气电离室工作原理决定，此种探测器的暗电流非常小(仅～10-13A)，而且稳定、可靠，对温度不敏感、环境适应性好，工作寿命极长。As we all know, a gas-filled ionization chamber is a widely used gas ionization detector. It relies on electrodes (high-voltage electrodes connected to high-voltage power supplies and collectors connected to signal systems) to collect electrons generated by incoming rays in the gas-filled chamber. ion pairs, and output the charge signal. Relying on the special structure of the invention, a medium and low energy X and gamma ray gas ionization array detector that can be applied to industrial nuclear measurement and control systems such as convexity meters is realized. Determined by the working principle of the gas-filled ionization chamber, the dark current of this kind of detector is very small (only ~10 -13 A), and it is stable, reliable, insensitive to temperature, has good environmental adaptability, and has a very long working life.
本发明的特征在于，是管状电离室，含有作为高压极的管状电离室壁(02)，作为收集极的中央金属细管(03)，管状电离室的端部有端盖(04)，端盖处用金属-陶瓷熔封绝缘子密封及引出信号，在管状电离室内部充满以惰性气体为主要成分的工作气体，所述管状电离室的尾部采用允许中低能X、γ光子射入的金属薄窗(01)密封。The present invention is characterized in that it is a tubular ionization chamber, which contains a tubular ionization chamber wall (02) as a high voltage pole, a central metal thin tube (03) as a collector, and an end cover (04) at the end of the tubular ionization chamber. The cover is sealed with a metal-ceramic fused insulator and the signal is drawn out. The inside of the tubular ionization chamber is filled with working gas with inert gas as the main component. The window (01) is sealed.
所述金属薄窗(01)的材料是不锈钢、铁、铜、钛、铍或铝，其厚度为0.01mm-0.9mm。The material of the thin metal window (01) is stainless steel, iron, copper, titanium, beryllium or aluminum, and its thickness is 0.01mm-0.9mm.
所述金属薄窗(01)与管状电离室壁(02)采用高温焊料的真空钎焊或氢气炉钎焊密封。在进行钎焊之前，先将金属薄窗(01)加工成为平底碗状，然后将所述金属薄窗(01)的碗壁与所述管状电离室壁(2)的内侧或外侧焊接。The thin metal window (01) and the tubular ionization chamber wall (02) are sealed by vacuum brazing with high-temperature solder or hydrogen furnace brazing. Before brazing, the thin metal window (01) is processed into a flat-bottomed bowl shape, and then the bowl wall of the thin metal window (01) is welded to the inside or outside of the tubular ionization chamber wall (2).
所述金属薄窗(01)与管状电离室壁(02)采用氩弧焊密封，焊接时需在所述金属薄窗(01)外加一与窗材料相同的薄金属环，而管状电离室壁(2)的外侧当先加工出狭槽。The metal thin window (01) and the tubular ionization chamber wall (02) are sealed by argon arc welding, and a thin metal ring of the same material as the window needs to be added to the metal thin window (01) during welding, while the tubular ionization chamber wall (2) The outside of the slot is processed first.
在所述金属-陶瓷熔封绝缘子所含的氧化铝瓷管中部外表面熔接一个金属保护环(05-3)，当电离室工作时，所述金属保护环接地，使漏电流流走入地。A metal protection ring (05-3) is welded on the outer surface of the middle part of the alumina porcelain tube contained in the metal-ceramic fusion insulator. When the ionization chamber is working, the metal protection ring is grounded so that the leakage current flows into the ground .
所述管状电离室的充气压力0.1～5兆帕，其灵敏体积的长度为20-200mm。The inflation pressure of the tubular ionization chamber is 0.1-5 MPa, and the length of its sensitive volume is 20-200 mm.
所述气体电离型中低能X、γ射线探测器可构成一维探测器阵列和二维探测器阵列。The gas ionization low-energy X and gamma ray detectors can form a one-dimensional detector array and a two-dimensional detector array.
试验证明，本发明提出的探测器具有暗电流小、稳定、可靠，对温度不敏感、环境适应性好等优点。Tests have proved that the detector proposed by the invention has the advantages of small dark current, stability, reliability, insensitivity to temperature, good environmental adaptability and the like.
附图说明：Description of drawings:
图1.本发明提出的探测器的结构，01为金属薄窗；02为管状电离室壁；03为金属管中央电极，兼做电离室的排气管；04为连接电离室管壁与金属陶瓷-熔封绝缘子的端盖；05为金属-陶瓷熔封绝缘子。Fig. 1. The structure of the detector that the present invention proposes, 01 is the thin metal window; 02 is the tubular ionization chamber wall; 03 is the central electrode of the metal tube, double as the exhaust pipe of the ionization chamber; 04 is to connect the ionization chamber pipe wall and the metal The end cap of the ceramic-fused-sealed insulator; 05 is the metal-ceramic-sealed insulator.
图2.密封绝缘子结构：相应于两种氧化铝瓷管(05-2)的形状。05-1是熔封在瓷管05-2上的端帽，与收集极03相焊接。05-4是同瓷管熔封在一起的底座，它又与电离室端盖04相焊接。05-3是熔接在瓷管上的一圈金属。Figure 2. Sealed insulator structure: corresponding to the shape of two alumina porcelain tubes (05-2). 05-1 is the end cap welded on the porcelain tube 05-2, which is welded with
图3.金属薄窗(01)同电离室壁(02)的钎焊方式：相应于两种金属薄窗形状。Fig. 3. The brazing method of thin metal window (01) and ion chamber wall (02): corresponding to the shapes of two kinds of thin metal windows.
图4.金属薄窗(01)同电离室壁(02)的氩弧焊方式。Figure 4. The argon arc welding method of the thin metal window (01) and the ionization chamber wall (02).
图5.一维阵列探测装置组合。Figure 5. One-dimensional array detection device assembly.
图6.二维阵列探测装置组合。Figure 6. Two-dimensional array detection device assembly.
具体实施方式：Detailed ways:
以下结合附图详细说明本发明的内容。The content of the present invention will be described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.
如图1所示，本发明电离室为管柱形(笔形)，其管状电离室壁(02)是高压极，与高压电源相联，而中央细管(03)是收集极，同信号电路相联。电离室前端是与管状电离室壁(02)密封在一起的金属薄窗(01)，由不锈钢、铁、铜、钛、铍或铝等金属片制成，其厚度应当尽量小来减少对入射线的吸收。由于电离室管壁较细，为节约空间，中央收集极(03)兼做电离室的排气管，一端悬空，另一端焊接在金属-陶瓷熔封绝缘子(05)的金属帽(05-1)上，待排气、充气工艺完成后，此管末端(与排气系统相连处)将被压扁和“焊死”。As shown in Figure 1, the ionization chamber of the present invention is a cylindrical shape (pencil shape), and its tubular ionization chamber wall (02) is a high-voltage pole, which is connected with a high-voltage power supply, and the central thin tube (03) is a collector pole, which is the same as the signal circuit connect. The front end of the ionization chamber is a thin metal window (01) sealed with the tubular ionization chamber wall (02). It is made of metal sheets such as stainless steel, iron, copper, titanium, beryllium or aluminum, and its thickness should be as small as possible to reduce penetration ray absorption. Because the ionization chamber tube wall is relatively thin, in order to save space, the central collector (03) doubles as the exhaust pipe of the ionization chamber, one end is suspended in the air, and the other end is welded to the metal cap (05-1) of the metal-ceramic fused insulator (05). ), after the exhaust and inflation process is completed, the end of the pipe (connected to the exhaust system) will be flattened and "welded dead".
为了减少漏电流的影响，金属-陶瓷熔封绝缘子(05)具有“保护环结构”，如图2所示。图中绝缘子底座(05-4)与电离室端盖(04)相焊接，而端帽(05-1)则与中央收集极金属管(03)相焊接。在二者之间是具有优良绝缘性的氧化铝瓷管(05-2)，分别与底座(05-4)及端帽(05-1)相熔封。在氧化铝瓷管的中部外表面熔接了一圈金属(05-3)，当电离室工作时，此金属圈接地，使漏电流流走入地，不再干扰信号电流，起着“保护环”的作用。图2给出对应于两种氧化铝瓷管(05-2)的绝缘子结构：第一种瓷管形状简单，易烧结加工，但金属底座(05-4)形状较复杂，加工量大，直径也大一些；第二种瓷管形状较复杂，加工难度大一些，但金属座(05-4)形状简单，直径略小。这二种形式的金属-陶瓷熔封绝缘子都能满足要求。众所周知，绝缘子端帽及底座必须采用膨胀系数与陶瓷相近的膨胀合金来制造。In order to reduce the impact of leakage current, the metal-ceramic fusion-sealed insulator (05) has a "guard ring structure", as shown in Figure 2. In the figure, the insulator base (05-4) is welded with the ionization chamber end cover (04), while the end cap (05-1) is welded with the central collector metal tube (03). Between the two is an alumina porcelain tube (05-2) with excellent insulation, which is respectively fused and sealed with the base (05-4) and the end cap (05-1). A ring of metal (05-3) is fused on the outer surface of the alumina ceramic tube. When the ionization chamber is working, the metal ring is grounded, so that the leakage current flows into the ground and no longer interferes with the signal current. It acts as a "protective ring" "The role. Figure 2 shows the insulator structures corresponding to two kinds of alumina porcelain tubes (05-2): the first kind of porcelain tube has a simple shape and is easy to sinter and process, but the shape of the metal base (05-4) is more complex, the processing volume is large, and the diameter It is also larger; the shape of the second type of porcelain tube is more complicated, and it is more difficult to process, but the metal seat (05-4) has a simple shape and a slightly smaller diameter. These two forms of metal-ceramic fusion-sealed insulators can meet the requirements. As we all know, the end cap and base of the insulator must be made of an expansion alloy with an expansion coefficient similar to that of ceramics.
为提高本发明探测器的中低能X、γ射线探测效率，电离室的充气组分是以氖、氩、氪、氙等惰性气体为主，充气压力为0.1-5兆帕范围。为了提高电离室内的电子、离子迁移率，加快其响应时间，在所充入的惰性气体中可以适当混入少量多原子分子气体(≤10％)，如CO2或CH4等。In order to improve the detection efficiency of low-medium energy X and γ-rays of the detector of the present invention, the gas-filled components of the ionization chamber are mainly inert gases such as neon, argon, krypton, and xenon, and the gas-filled pressure is in the range of 0.1-5 MPa. In order to improve the mobility of electrons and ions in the ionization chamber and speed up its response time, a small amount of polyatomic molecular gas (≤10%), such as CO 2 or CH 4 , can be properly mixed into the charged inert gas.
由于电离室充气成分与压力的恒定不变，是确保其探测性能保持稳定、可靠的根本前提，因此，整个电离室必须具有极好的气体密封性。按照当今工艺技术条件，完全能够保证电离室内充气在10年内的泄漏量小于总充气量的1％。这样好的稳定性、可靠性，是其它类型探测器所无法比拟的。Since the gas composition and pressure of the ionization chamber remain constant, it is the fundamental premise to ensure its detection performance remains stable and reliable. Therefore, the entire ionization chamber must have excellent gas tightness. According to the current technical conditions, it can fully guarantee that the leakage of the gas in the ionization chamber is less than 1% of the total gas in 10 years. Such good stability and reliability are unmatched by other types of detectors.
为此，金属薄窗(01)同电离室管壁(02)间的焊接应当选择使用高温焊料(如银铜合金)的真空钎焊或氢气炉钎焊、氩弧焊以及等离子焊等工艺。在图3中给出薄窗钎焊的两种结构，适用于真空钎焊或氢气炉钎焊工艺。第一种焊接结构简单，直接将薄金属片用高温焊料钎焊到电离室管壁的端面上。有时为了提高焊接质量，在金属薄窗上加一个薄金属环，与电离室管壁共同将金属薄窗夹在中间，再进行钎焊。第二种焊接结构较复杂，需事先将金属薄窗加工(冲压)成平底碗状，从而增加钎焊面积，提高耐压强度。此时，金属薄窗被“弯”出来的边缘，要扣在电离室管壁的内表面或外表面(如图3所示)，进行钎焊。在图4中给出了金属窗与电离室管壁的氩弧焊结构。为保证焊接质量，需要在金属窗(01)前再附加一个薄金属环，同时在管壁(02)端部加工出一道狭槽，如图4中的[A]所示，薄金属环连同狭槽可以防止氩弧焊过程中热容量小的薄金属窗发生“塌陷”，保证焊接质量。For this reason, the welding between the thin metal window (01) and the ionization chamber tube wall (02) should use high-temperature solder (such as silver-copper alloy) vacuum brazing or hydrogen furnace brazing, argon arc welding and plasma welding. Two structures of thin window brazing are shown in Fig. 3, which are suitable for vacuum brazing or hydrogen furnace brazing process. The first welding structure is simple, and the thin metal sheet is directly brazed to the end face of the ionization chamber tube wall with high-temperature solder. Sometimes in order to improve the welding quality, a thin metal ring is added to the thin metal window, and the thin metal window is sandwiched together with the wall of the ionization chamber, and then brazed. The second type of welding structure is more complicated, and the metal thin window needs to be processed (stamped) into a flat-bottomed bowl shape in advance, thereby increasing the brazing area and improving the compressive strength. At this time, the "bent" edge of the thin metal window should be buckled on the inner or outer surface of the ionization chamber tube wall (as shown in Figure 3) for brazing. Figure 4 shows the argon arc welding structure of the metal window and the ionization chamber wall. In order to ensure the welding quality, it is necessary to add a thin metal ring in front of the metal window (01), and at the same time process a slot at the end of the pipe wall (02), as shown in [A] in Figure 4, the thin metal ring together with The slot can prevent the "collapse" of the thin metal window with small heat capacity during the argon arc welding process and ensure the welding quality.
当选用铝等低熔点金属薄窗时，为克服焊接困难，可以采用胶结密封技术。When aluminum and other low-melting-point metal thin windows are selected, in order to overcome welding difficulties, cemented sealing technology can be used.
电离室管壁(02)与电离室端盖(04)间应采用氩弧焊，而端盖(04)与金属-陶瓷熔封绝缘子(05)之间可选用氩弧焊或真空炉(氢炉)钎焊。金属-陶瓷溶封绝缘子(05)是市场供应的商品，采用规范的金属-陶瓷熔封工艺，能保证非常好的气体密封性能。Argon arc welding should be used between the ionization chamber tube wall (02) and the ionization chamber end cover (04), and argon arc welding or vacuum furnace (hydrogen furnace) brazing. The metal-ceramic fusion-sealed insulator (05) is a commodity supplied in the market, and adopts a standardized metal-ceramic fusion sealing process to ensure very good gas-tight performance.
为保证气密性，金属-陶瓷熔封绝缘子(05)、金属薄窗(01)等另部件以及总装、焊接完毕的电离室，都需要反复进行严格的氦捡漏和耐压试验。In order to ensure the airtightness, other parts such as the metal-ceramic fusion-sealed insulator (05), the thin metal window (01), and the final assembly and welded ion chamber need repeated strict helium leak detection and withstand voltage tests.
为适应中低能X、γ射线探测，前端金属薄窗必须足够薄。例如，可采用厚度在0.01-0.9mm范围的不锈钢片，或类似厚度的钛片、铍片及其它金属片。经常使用的薄片厚度是0.05mm、0.1mm、0.15mm、0.2mm及0.3mm等。In order to adapt to the detection of low and medium energy X and gamma rays, the thin metal window at the front must be sufficiently thin. For example, stainless steel sheets having a thickness in the range of 0.01-0.9 mm, or sheets of titanium, beryllium, and other metals of similar thickness may be used. Commonly used sheet thicknesses are 0.05mm, 0.1mm, 0.15mm, 0.2mm, and 0.3mm.
本发明电离室的灵敏体积长度同入射线的能量、充气种类与压力相关。一般选择充气压力不超过5兆帕，而长度则在20-200mm范围或更长。The sensitive volume length of the ionization chamber of the present invention is related to the energy of the incident ray, the gas filling type and the pressure. Generally, the inflation pressure is selected to be no more than 5 MPa, and the length is in the range of 20-200mm or longer.
本发明电离室将作为探测装置的一个像素元件，可按要求排列组成不同形式的一维或两维的中低能X、γ射线阵列探测装置。在图5中给出了由本发明电离室所组成的一种一维阵列探测装置，该装置呈直线状。同样，也可以排列安装成扇形、“Γ”形、“П”形或其它形状的一维阵列探测装置。在图6中给出了由本发明电离室所组成的一种方形二维阵列探测装置。如果需要，也可以排列安装成其它形式的二维阵列探测装置。The ionization chamber of the present invention will be used as a pixel element of the detection device, which can be arranged according to requirements to form different forms of one-dimensional or two-dimensional low-medium energy X and γ-ray array detection devices. A one-dimensional array detection device composed of ion chambers of the present invention is shown in FIG. 5 , and the device is linear. Similarly, one-dimensional array detection devices in a sector, "Γ" shape, "П" shape or other shapes can also be arranged and installed. A square two-dimensional array detection device composed of ion chambers of the present invention is shown in FIG. 6 . If necessary, other forms of two-dimensional array detection devices can also be arranged and installed.
本发明由于实现了电离室型的中低能X、γ射线阵列探测装置，因而具有暗电流小、对光和温度不敏感、稳定可靠、工作寿命长等优点。The present invention has the advantages of small dark current, insensitivity to light and temperature, stable and reliable, long working life and the like because it realizes an ionization chamber-type medium and low energy X and gamma ray array detection device.
本发明是在前端设有金属薄窗的管状充气电离室，能按需要组合、排列成为各种形式的一维或二维中低能X、γ射线阵列探测装置，适用于钢板凸度计(Profile Gauge)等工业核测控系统或箱包CT检查设备等辐射成像检测系统。The present invention is a tubular air-filled ionization chamber provided with a thin metal window at the front end, which can be combined and arranged into various forms of one-dimensional or two-dimensional medium and low energy X and γ-ray array detection devices as required, and is suitable for steel plate convexity gauges (Profile Gauge) and other industrial nuclear measurement and control systems or radiation imaging detection systems such as luggage CT inspection equipment.
实施例：Example:
1.一种扇形一维阵列探测装置：1. A fan-shaped one-dimensional array detection device:
“薄窗柱形电离室”为圆柱形，其金属薄窗采用0.1mm不锈钢片，电离室壁为Φ10×1mm无缝不锈钢管，长度12cm，中央收集极用Φ2×0.2mm不锈钢管，端盖也用不锈钢制造。"Thin window columnar ionization chamber" is cylindrical, its thin metal window is made of 0.1mm stainless steel sheet, the wall of the ionization chamber is Φ10×1mm seamless stainless steel tube, the length is 12cm, the central collector is made of Φ2×0.2mm stainless steel tube, and the end cover Also manufactured in stainless steel.
金属薄窗与管状电离室壁之间用氢气炉银焊(用72∶28银铜合金焊料)固接。端盖与金属-陶瓷熔封绝缘子间也采用氢气炉银焊，而它同管状电离室壁之间采用氩弧焊。The thin metal window and the wall of the tubular ionization chamber are fixed by hydrogen furnace silver welding (using 72:28 silver-copper alloy solder). The hydrogen furnace silver welding is also used between the end cover and the metal-ceramic fusion sealed insulator, and the argon arc welding is used between it and the wall of the tubular ionization chamber.
电离室内充以3兆帕压力的Xe-CO2混合气，对平均能量60keV的X、γ光子的探测效率将达到80％左右。The ionization chamber is filled with Xe-CO 2 gas mixture with a pressure of 3 MPa, and the detection efficiency of X and γ photons with an average energy of 60keV will reach about 80%.
将128个此种“薄窗柱形电离室”排列安装在扇形支架上，配以相应的前端电路，即构成一组具有128像素探测器元的扇形一维中低能X、γ射线阵列探测装置。Arrange and install 128 such "thin-window columnar ionization chambers" on fan-shaped brackets, together with corresponding front-end circuits, to form a set of fan-shaped one-dimensional medium and low-energy X and γ-ray array detection devices with 128 pixel detector elements .
2.一种方形二维阵列探测装置：2. A square two-dimensional array detection device:
“薄窗柱形电离室”与以上实施例相同。The "thin window cylindrical ionization chamber" is the same as the above embodiment.
将900个“薄窗电离室”排列安装在30×30的方阵形支架上，配以相应的前端电路，即构成一组具有900个像素探测器元的30×30二维阵列探测装置。Arrange and install 900 "thin window ionization chambers" on a 30×30 square array support, together with corresponding front-end circuits, to form a 30×30 two-dimensional array detection device with 900 pixel detector elements.
Claims (10)
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CNB2006101137026A CN100427882C (en) | 2006-10-13 | 2006-10-13 | Gas ionization type middle-low-energy X.gamma-ray detector |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CNB2006101137026A CN100427882C (en) | 2006-10-13 | 2006-10-13 | Gas ionization type middle-low-energy X.gamma-ray detector |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN1936498A true CN1936498A (en) | 2007-03-28 |
| CN100427882C CN100427882C (en) | 2008-10-22 |
Family
ID=37954129
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CNB2006101137026A Active CN100427882C (en) | 2006-10-13 | 2006-10-13 | Gas ionization type middle-low-energy X.gamma-ray detector |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CN (1) | CN100427882C (en) |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO2012136114A1 (en) * | 2011-04-02 | 2012-10-11 | 清华大学 | Thickness and convexity detection device for plate strip |
Family Cites Families (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| SU482704A1 (en) * | 1973-08-03 | 1976-08-05 | Предприятие П/Я А-7291 | Small Ionization Camera |
| FR2530381A1 (en) * | 1982-07-13 | 1984-01-20 | Commissariat Energie Atomique | IONIZATION CHAMBER FOR MEASURING HIGH ENERGY GAMMA RADIATION |
| JPH08101276A (en) * | 1994-09-30 | 1996-04-16 | Toshiba Corp | Gamma-ray detector |
| CN1142425C (en) * | 1998-04-03 | 2004-03-17 | 清华大学 | Detector array for ionization chamber and its use |
| JP2001013249A (en) * | 1999-06-29 | 2001-01-19 | Toshiba Eng Co Ltd | Radiation detector |
| CN1330977C (en) * | 2004-09-14 | 2007-08-08 | 清华大学 | Small size penetration ionization chamber for monitoring X-ray source dosage rate |
-
2006
- 2006-10-13 CN CNB2006101137026A patent/CN100427882C/en active Active
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO2012136114A1 (en) * | 2011-04-02 | 2012-10-11 | 清华大学 | Thickness and convexity detection device for plate strip |
| US9689670B2 (en) | 2011-04-02 | 2017-06-27 | Tsinghua University | Thickness and convexity detection device for plate strip |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CN100427882C (en) | 2008-10-22 |
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| Giomataris et al. | A novel large-volume spherical detector with proportional amplification read-out | |
| WO1994022163A1 (en) | Gas ionization array detectors for radiography | |
| CN110148550A (en) | High range area radiation monitor ionization chamber after a kind of accident | |
| CN104319222A (en) | Standard high-pressure ionization chamber and manufacturing method thereof | |
| CN104730558B (en) | The accurate drift tube position sensitive detector of cosmic ray μ imagings | |
| CN100427882C (en) | Gas ionization type middle-low-energy X.gamma-ray detector | |
| CN206194691U (en) | Ionization chamber is distinguishd to harmless real -time position of synchrotron radiation soft X -ray | |
| CN101526623B (en) | High-energy X-ray industrial CT ionization detector | |
| CN102794576B (en) | Sealing method for gas detectors | |
| CN206020676U (en) | A kind of single particle energy measuring device based on optical imagery | |
| Charpak | Parallax-free, high-accuracy gaseous detectors for x-ray and vuv localization | |
| CN101644688B (en) | Sand-measuring ionization chamber | |
| CN106783502B (en) | A kind of lossless real time position resolution ionisation chamber of Synchrotron Radiation Soft X ray | |
| Anderson et al. | A focusing gas scintillation proportional counter | |
| CN204204794U (en) | A kind of standard type high-pressure ionization chamber | |
| KR100866888B1 (en) | Radiation sensor and measuring method for measuring sheet thickness with improved sensitivity using wire collection electrode and mixed pressurized gas in ion chamber | |
| CN209215590U (en) | A cylindrical inner gas-filled proportional counter tube | |
| CN110299280A (en) | A kind of ambient level high-pressure ionization chamber and its standard dose meter systems | |
| CN209215591U (en) | A Proportional Counter Tube Filled with Quartz | |
| CN208384129U (en) | A kind of Flouride-resistani acid phesphatase hyperbar honeycomb grid ionization chamber | |
| Baranov et al. | A liquid-xenon calorimeter for the detection of electromagnetic showers | |
| CN218917656U (en) | Radiation-resistant ionization chamber detector under strong radiation environment | |
| JPH08101276A (en) | Gamma-ray detector | |
| CN109358358A (en) | A cylindrical inner gas-filled proportional counter tube | |
| KR102409462B1 (en) | Bias gamma-ray detector for irradiation test |
Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| C06 | Publication | ||
| PB01 | Publication | ||
| C10 | Entry into substantive examination | ||
| SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
| C14 | Grant of patent or utility model | ||
| GR01 | Patent grant |