CN1936320A - 具有降低噪音的叶片式转子的风轮机 - Google Patents

具有降低噪音的叶片式转子的风轮机 Download PDF

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CN1936320A
CN1936320A CNA2006101397184A CN200610139718A CN1936320A CN 1936320 A CN1936320 A CN 1936320A CN A2006101397184 A CNA2006101397184 A CN A2006101397184A CN 200610139718 A CN200610139718 A CN 200610139718A CN 1936320 A CN1936320 A CN 1936320A
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bristle
wind turbine
blade
pliability
assembly
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何塞·伊格纳西奥·略伦特·冈萨雷斯
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Siemens Gamesa Renewable Energy Innovation and Technology SL
Gamesa Eolica SA
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03D—WIND MOTORS
    • F03D80/00—Details, components or accessories not provided for in groups F03D1/00 - F03D17/00
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03D—WIND MOTORS
    • F03D1/00—Wind motors with rotation axis substantially parallel to the air flow entering the rotor 
    • F03D1/06—Rotors
    • F03D1/0608—Rotors characterised by their aerodynamic shape
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05B—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO WIND, SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS, TO MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS COVERED BY SUBCLASSES F03B, F03D AND F03G
    • F05B2240/00—Components
    • F05B2240/20—Rotors
    • F05B2240/30—Characteristics of rotor blades, i.e. of any element transforming dynamic fluid energy to or from rotational energy and being attached to a rotor
    • F05B2240/301—Cross-section characteristics
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05B—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO WIND, SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS, TO MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS COVERED BY SUBCLASSES F03B, F03D AND F03G
    • F05B2260/00—Function
    • F05B2260/96—Preventing, counteracting or reducing vibration or noise
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/70—Wind energy
    • Y02E10/72—Wind turbines with rotation axis in wind direction

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Sustainable Development (AREA)
  • Sustainable Energy (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
  • Wind Motors (AREA)

Abstract

本发明提供一种具有叶片式转子(11)的风轮机。所述转子通过包括柔韧性刷毛(23)组件(21)来降低噪音，所述柔韧性刷毛对准排成至少一排，柔韧性刷毛组件位于叶片符合空气动力学轮廓的拖尾边缘(15)上并凸伸出拖尾边缘，从而使得在空气流动方向上，每一叶片(11)的轮廓的两侧的压力波动达到平衡。

Description

具有降低噪音的叶片式转子的风轮机
技术领域
本发明涉及一种具有叶片式转子的风轮机，所述叶片式转子具有位于其拖尾边缘上的元件，该元件降低在风力转动转子时所产生的空气动力噪音。
背景技术
风轮机产生大量的噪音。其叶片通过界面层与叶片拖尾边缘的互相作用而产生空气动力噪音。
在现有技术中，所提出的降低噪音的手段为在转子叶片的拖尾边缘上设置齿形元件。
欧洲专利第EP0652367号提出了用于转子叶片的不同类型的齿形边缘。
欧洲专利第EP1314885号提出了具有位于拖尾边缘上的齿形片的转子叶片。
欧洲专利第EP1338793号提出了具有齿形边缘的叶片，其中变化齿体的长度及变化所述齿体之间沿着叶片的距离。
这些方案具有缺点，即齿体为刚性元件，从而当其未与气流对准时，在频率提高的情况下将出现产生高噪音指数的情形。
本发明提供一种不同的降低风轮机所产生的噪音的方式。
发明内容
本发明目的在于降低风轮机中的噪音，其中所述噪音由于界面层与风轮机转子叶片的拖尾边缘的互相作用而产生，而所述风轮机则包括叶片式转子，该叶片式转子通过叶片驱动一发电机，其中所述叶片具有空气动力学轮廓、具有一前导边缘和一拖尾边缘。
与频率相关的噪音频谱显示出对风轮机噪音的产生最为重要的频率在500-1000Hz范围之间。
为了实现该目的，本发明在叶片中的至少一片上设置一柔韧性刷毛组件，所述柔韧性刷毛对准排成至少一排并凸伸出拖尾边缘。
优选为以刷子形式布置的该刷毛组件降低了由叶片的拖尾边缘所造成的不连续性，该不连续性会由于压力波动的原因而产生噪音，其中在经过拖尾边缘时，界面层的湍流造成所述压力波动的产生。
由于其柔韧性，这些刷毛使得压力达到平衡，因此消除了拖尾边缘的声学放射效应。
使用柔韧性刷毛技术而非齿形元件的一个重要优点在于，其可相对于叶片的拖尾边缘的气流进行自动定向。这意味着在宽泛的气流条件范围中，所述柔韧性刷毛技术均有效。
因此，该技术提供了用于风轮机的降低噪音的元件，所述元件简单、低成本、易于组装，并意味着并未使重量明显增加。
参看具体实施方式及附图部分后，本发明的其他特征和优点将变得显而易见。
附图说明
图1所示为具有依据本发明的柔韧性刷毛组件的转子叶片的平面图；
图2a和2b所示为依据本发明的叶片的横断部分的示意图，其中刷毛组件分别与上拖尾边缘和下拖尾边缘对准；
图3为以刷子形式固定到支撑件上的刷毛组件的示意图，其中所述刷毛组件可应用到依据本发明的叶片的拖尾边缘上；
图4为如图3所示的刷子固定到依据本发明的叶片的拖尾边缘的下表面上的示意图。
具体实施方式
依据本发明，风轮机包括一转子，该转子具有至少一片叶片11，该叶片11具有一前导边缘13和一拖尾边缘15，该拖尾边缘15包括柔韧性刷毛23组件21，所述柔韧性刷毛23优选为由聚合材料制成，具体地，由聚丙烯(propylene PP)制成。
刷毛组件21安置在拖尾边缘15，位于叶片11的端部并达到尖部17，所述刷毛组件21所沿的长度L1优选为小于叶片总长度的40％，原因在于此处是产生大部分空气动力噪音的区域。
优选地，组件21的刷毛23布置成在纵长方向上与拖尾边缘15形成一直角，如图1所示。在横向方向上，可使刷毛23与拖尾边缘15的上表面或下表面对准，如图2a和2b所分别显示。
组件21可由按刷子形式固定到支撑件33上的刷毛23的刷毛体(blocks)31组成。在一优选的实施方式中，该支撑件由两个片件35、37构成，其中所述片件35、37使用一粘合件39，以便于安置在拖尾边缘上。该固定方式自身可结合上一平滑的片件41、以避免空气动力学轮廓的任何不连续性。
尽管可想象得到在叶片11的特定区域上采用不同的刷毛长度的可能性，但是优选地，应当根据叶片的半径和弦长而使用长度不变的刷毛。对于24米的叶片，经估算适宜的长度L2在8cm左右。
组件21由对准排成至少一排的刷毛23组成。优选地，刷毛23具有直径在0.4到0.5mm之间的圆形截面。这些刷毛之间的间隔应当达到最小可能值。在这一点上，组件21在尺寸定位方面的关键要素在于，对于依据柔韧性要求而预先固定的刷毛厚度来说，组件21中每一表面单元中的数量使得在气流F方向上、两侧的压力波动达到平衡。
根据申请人所进行的测试，在风轮机的叶片11上应用具有刷毛23的组件21使噪音降低大概10db。
可对上述实施方式进行各种修改，其中所述修改包含在由权利要求所限定的范围之内。

Claims (15)

1、一种风轮机，包括驱动发电机的叶片式转子，所述叶片式转子具有符合空气动力学轮廓的叶片(11)，所述叶片(11)具有一前导边缘(13)和一拖尾边缘(15)，其特征在于，所述叶片(11)中的至少一个具有一柔韧性刷毛(23)组件(21)，所述柔韧性刷毛对准排成至少一排并凸伸出拖尾边缘(15)，以降低在转子移动期间、与风互相作用时所产生的噪音。
2、根据权利要求1所述的风轮机，其特征在于，所述柔韧性刷毛(23)与叶片(11)的边缘在纵长方向上形成90度的角度。
3、根据权利要求1或2所述的风轮机，其特征在于，所述柔韧性刷毛(23)组件(21)沿着整个叶片(11)布置。
4、根据权利要求1或2所述的风轮机，其特征在于，所述柔韧性刷毛(23)组件(21)沿着叶片(11)的一部分布置，该布置长度L1小于叶片总半径的40％，并到达尖部(17)。
5、根据权利要求1-4中的任一项所述的风轮机，其特征在于，所述柔韧性刷毛(23)组件(21)与拖尾边缘(15)的上表面(27)对准。
6、根据权利要求1-4中的任一项所述的风轮机，其特征在于，所述柔韧性刷毛(23)组件(21)与拖尾边缘(15)的下表面(27)对准。
7、根据权利要求1-6中的任一项所述的风轮机，其特征在于，所述柔韧性刷毛(23)组件(21)通过一支撑件(33)以刷子(31)的形式布置，其中所述刷毛(23)固定到所述支撑件(33)上。
8、根据权利要求7所述的风轮机，其特征在于，所述支撑件(33)包括两个片件(35、37)和一用于固定到叶片(11)上的粘合件(39)。
9、根据权利要求1-8中的任一项所述的风轮机，其特征在于，对于确定的刷毛(23)厚度，组件(21)的每一表面单元中的数量使得在气流(F)方向上、两侧的压力波动达到平衡。
10、根据权利要求9所述的风轮机，其特征在于，所述柔韧性刷毛(23)具有直径在0.4到0.5mm之间的圆形截面。
11、根据权利要求1-10中的任一项所述的风轮机，其特征在于，所述柔韧性刷毛(23)的长度(L2)沿着叶片(11)不变。
12、根据权利要求11所述的风轮机，其特征在于，在半径大于或等于24米的叶片上，所述柔韧性刷毛(23)的长度(L2)大于或等于8厘米。
13、根据权利要求1-10中的任一项所述的风轮机，其特征在于，所述柔韧性刷毛(23)的长度(L2)沿着叶片(11)可变。
14、根据权利要求1-13中的任一项所述的风轮机，其特征在于，所述柔韧性刷毛(23)由聚合材料制成。
15、根据权利要求14所述的风轮机，其特征在于，所述柔韧性刷毛(23)由聚丙烯(PP)制成。
CNA2006101397184A 2005-09-22 2006-09-22 具有降低噪音的叶片式转子的风轮机 Pending CN1936320A (zh)

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ES200502304A ES2318925B1 (es) 2005-09-22 2005-09-22 Aerogenerador con un rotor de palas que reduce el ruido.

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