CN1936051A - Aluminium-silicon-copper-magnesium series deforming alloy and its preparing method - Google Patents
Aluminium-silicon-copper-magnesium series deforming alloy and its preparing method Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses an Al-Si-Cu-Mg series distortion aluminum alloy and the manufacturing method. The alloy is made up from 9.0-12.0wt% Si, 3.0-4.0wt% Cu, 0.3-0.6wt% Mg, <0.30% Fe, <0.20% Zn, and other impurity <=0.15wt%, and the rest is Al. The method includes the following steps: smelting and refining the raw materials in reflecting smelter, after processing the allow liquation by Al-Sr intermediate alloy, gaining cast rod through hemicontinuous casting, extruding the cast rod and after forging and T6 thermal treatment to gain the product. The tensile strength of the alloy is over 397MPa, and broken tensile stretch is 6%, and rigidity is 136-141HB. It is mainly used to make wheel for vehicle and motorcycle, piston, bearing, bidirectional sloping cam plate, etc.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to metal material field, be specifically related to good aluminium-silicon-copper-magnesium series deforming alloy of a kind of intensity height, good toughness, wear resisting property and preparation method thereof.
Background technology
Development along with China's communications, more and more higher to the alloy material performance demands, at present, the existing aluminium-silicon-copper-magnesium series deforming alloy 4A11 of China, 4032 and Japan aluminium-silicon-copper-magnesium series deforming alloys such as A4032, high-temperature behavior, cutting ability and etch resistant properties are all relative relatively poor, far can not satisfy the high performance index requirement that domestic and international travelling trader proposes product, and above-mentioned alloy contains expensive rare elemental nickel, cause the use of such alloy to be restricted.Therefore, exploitation has intensity height, good toughness, wear resisting property is good and production cost is low aluminium-silicon-copper-magnesium series deforming alloy becomes the problem that metal material field needs to be resolved hurrily.
Summary of the invention
At the deficiencies in the prior art, the problem to be solved in the present invention provides a kind of intensity height, good toughness, wear-resisting and aluminium-silicon-copper-magnesium series deforming alloy that production cost is low and preparation method thereof.
Aluminium-silicon-copper-magnesium series deforming alloy of the present invention is characterized in that, contains silicon: 9.0-12.0% by weight percentage; Copper: 3.0-4.0%; Magnesium: 0.3-0.6%; Iron:＜0.30%; Zinc:＜0.20%; Foreign matter content≤0.15%; Surplus is an aluminium.
Above-mentioned aluminium-silicon-copper-magnesium series deforming alloy is characterized in that, preferably contains silicon: 9.0-12.0% by weight percentage; Copper: 3.0-4.0%; Magnesium: 0.4-0.6%; Iron:＜0.30%; Zinc:＜0.20%; Foreign matter content≤0.15%; Surplus is an aluminium.
The preparation method of aluminium-silicon-copper-magnesium series deforming alloy of the present invention may further comprise the steps:
(1). according to the weight percent meter of described aluminium-silicon-copper-magnesium series deforming alloy component, take by weighing purity respectively all greater than 99.7% raw material aluminium, silicon, copper, magnesium, standby;
(2). be coated with the coating that last layer is made by equivalent talcum powder and water glass on the surface of plumbago crucible, preventing to ooze iron, and it is put in the reflection smelting furnace is warming up to 600 ℃, in plumbago crucible, add the insulating covering agent of furnace charge gross weight 3-4% then;
(3). in plumbago crucible, add aluminium ingot again, will reflect smelting furnace and continue heat up, treat in the plumbago crucible that aluminium ingot all after the fusing, is warming up to 680 ℃ of insulations 10 minutes;
(4). when smelting furnace to be reflected continues to be warming up to 730 ℃, silico briquette is added in the plumbago crucible, and be pressed under the aluminium liquid liquid level, kept 10-15 minute, treat silico briquette all after the fusing, fine copper is added in the plumbago crucible melt with bell jar;
(5). when reflection smelting furnace temperature adjusting is 680-700 ℃, MAG block is added in the plumbago crucible, MAG block is pressed into crucible bottom, melt fully until it with bell jar;
(6). keeping temperature is 680-700 ℃, uses the nitrogen refining, logical after nitrogen 10-15 minute, can skim;
(7). when molten metal is warmed up to 760-850 ℃, add the Al-8Sr master alloy of furnace charge gross weight 0.6-0.8%, the processing of going bad, after molten metal stirred in stove, insulation was left standstill 30 ± 2 minutes;
(8). after rotten the finishing, use the nitrogen refining again, logical nitrogen 10-15 minute;
(9). refining is left standstill 10min after finishing, and skims at 720-760 ℃, makes bar by semicontinuous caster then;
(10). after the bar water-cooled that semicontinuous casting is obtained, the drying, be heated to 350-450 ℃, on extrusion machine, carry out the hot extrusion deformation of gross distortion degree and handle through heat treatment furnace;
(11). after the bar water-cooled after the hot extrusion deformation processing, drying, be heated to 320-390 ℃ at heat treatment furnace and forge thermal treatment, make aluminium-silicon-copper-magnesium series deforming alloy with T6.
Among the preparation method of above-mentioned aluminium-silicon-copper-magnesium series deforming alloy, the described insulating covering agent of step (2) is the composition that 60% magnesium chloride and 40% Repone K are formed by mass percent.
Among the preparation method of above-mentioned aluminium-silicon-copper-magnesium series deforming alloy, also available other refining agent refining of the described nitrogen refining in step (6) or (8), but refining agent is necessary for no chlorine refining agent.
Among the preparation method of above-mentioned aluminium-silicon-copper-magnesium series deforming alloy, the adding temperature of the described Al-8Sr master alloy of step (7) is preferably 780-820 ℃.
Among the preparation method of above-mentioned aluminium-silicon-copper-magnesium series deforming alloy, preferably 380-420 ℃ of the described heat treatment furnace Heating temperature of step (10).
Among the preparation method of above-mentioned aluminium-silicon-copper-magnesium series deforming alloy, preferably 350-370 ℃ of the described heat treatment furnace Heating temperature of step (11).
Among the preparation method of above-mentioned aluminium-silicon-copper-magnesium series deforming alloy, the described T6 heat treatment operation of step (11) is 500-510 ℃ of solid solution 8-10h, 60-82 ℃ of water-cooled; 200 ℃ of timeliness 8-10h, air cooling.
Utilize the aluminium-silicon-copper-magnesium series deforming alloy of method preparation of the present invention, with GB/T standard 4A11,4032, JIS standard A 4032 is compared, and alloy of the present invention gets on except the rare elemental nickel of costliness at composition, has reduced cost of alloy; Reduced the content of elemental iron, reduced its damaging effect alloy toughness, machinability and dimensional stability; Reduced the content of element magnesium, reduced its damaging effect alloy toughness and thermostability; Improve the content of elemental copper, improved alloy at room temperature and high-temperature behavior; Adjust the content of silicon, improved the castability and the cutting ability of alloy; And means such as, semicontinuous casting rotten by the melt strontium and hot extrusion deformation make alloy have higher density, even tiny equi-axed crystal and more uniform chemical ingredients, eliminated the damaging effect of defectives such as shrinkage cavity, shrinkage porosite, the intensity and the toughness of alloy have been improved, carry out T6 thermal treatment after the forging, compare than similar alloy, strength of alloy is more than 397MPa, and intensity improves more than 8.7%; Elongation after fracture reaches 6%, and elongation after fracture doubles; Hardness is 136-141HB, and hardness improves 13.3-17.5%.
Embodiment:
Provide three preferred embodiments of the present invention below:
Embodiment 1:
1000Kg is siliceous in preparation: 10.0%; Copper: 3.5%; Magnesium: 0.5%; Surplus is the aluminium-silicon-copper-magnesium series deforming alloy of aluminium (composition is weight percentage than all, and is together following), and the preparation method is as follows:
(1). according to the weight percent meter of described aluminium-silicon-copper-magnesium series deforming alloy component, take by weighing purity respectively all greater than 99.7% raw material aluminium, silicon, copper, magnesium, standby;
Above-mentioned raw materials preparation reference " casting handbook the 3rd volume, the casting nonferrous alloy, the 2nd edition, China Machine Press, 2001.10, P187-188, and experience is determined the scaling loss amount of alloying element, aluminium: 1.5%, silicon: 1%, magnesium: 20%.
The add-on calculation formula:
In the formula: M is the molten alloy total mass;
A is the percentage ratio that should contain certain element in the alloy;
C is the percentage ratio of contained certain element in master alloy or the alloy pig;
E is the scaling loss amount of certain element;
X is for adding the total mass of certain element or master alloy.
In example, M=1000Kg;
A：Si％＝10.0％；Cu％＝3.5％；Mg％＝0.5％；Al％＝86.0％
C：Si％＝99.0％；Cu％＝99.95％；Mg％＝99.95％；Al％＝99.7％；
E：Al：1.5％，Si：1.0％，Mg：20％
Then:
(2). equipment such as reflection smelting furnace, semicontinuous caster, extrusion machine, plumbago crucible are adopted in preparation, at first be coated with the coating that last layer is made by equivalent talcum powder and water glass on the surface of plumbago crucible, to prevent to ooze iron, and it is put in reflection is warming up to 600 ℃ in the smelting furnace, in plumbago crucible, add the insulating covering agent of furnace charge gross weight 3-4% then;
Wherein: above-mentioned insulating covering agent is the composition that 60% magnesium chloride and 40% Repone K are formed by mass percent;
(3). in plumbago crucible, add aluminium ingot 875.72Kg again,, will reflect smelting furnace and continue to heat up, treat in the plumbago crucible that aluminium ingot all after the fusing, is warming up to 680 ℃ and is incubated 10 minutes;
(4). when smelting furnace to be reflected continues to be warming up to 730 ℃, silico briquette 102.03Kg is added in the plumbago crucible, and be pressed under the aluminium liquid liquid level, kept 10-15 minute, treat that silico briquette all after the fusing, will melt in the fine copper 35.02Kg adding plumbago crucible with bell jar;
(5). when reflection smelting furnace temperature adjusting is 680-700 ℃, MAG block 6.25Kg is added in the plumbago crucible, MAG block is pressed into crucible bottom, melt fully until it with bell jar;
(6). keeping temperature is 680-700 ℃, uses the nitrogen refining, and logical nitrogen can be skimmed after 10～15 minutes; (this goes on foot also available other refining agent refining, but refining agent is necessary for no chlorine refining agent)
(7). when molten metal is warmed up to 760-850 ℃ (preferred temperature is 780-820 ℃), add the Al-8Sr master alloy of 6-8Kg, the processing of going bad, after molten metal stirred in stove, insulation was left standstill 30 ± 2 minutes;
(8). after rotten the finishing, use the nitrogen refining again, logical nitrogen 10-15 minute; (this goes on foot also available other refining agent refining, but refining agent is necessary for no chlorine refining agent)
(9). refining is left standstill 10min after finishing, and skims at 720-760 ℃, makes bar by semicontinuous caster then;
(10). after the bar water-cooled that semicontinuous casting is obtained, the drying, be heated to 350-450 ℃ (preferred temperature is 380-420 ℃), on extrusion machine, carry out the hot extrusion deformation of gross distortion degree and handle through heat treatment furnace;
(11). after the bar water-cooled after the hot extrusion deformation processing, drying, be heated to 320-390 ℃ (preferred temperature is 350-370 ℃) at heat treatment furnace and forge thermal treatment, get aluminium-silicon-copper-magnesium series deforming alloy with T6.
Above-mentioned T6 heat treatment operation is 500-510 ℃ of solid solution 8-10h, 60-82 ℃ of water-cooled; 200 ℃ of timeliness 8-10h, air cooling.
After testing, the gained alloying constituent is: silicon: 10.0%; Copper: 3.5%; Magnesium: 0.5%; Surplus is an aluminium.Tensile strength of alloys is 260MPa under the as cast condition, and elongation after fracture is 10%, and hardness is 110HB; Tensile strength can reach 397MPa after the thermal treatment, and elongation after fracture can reach 6%, and hardness is 136-141HB.Alloy gets on except the rare elemental nickel of costliness at composition, has reduced cost of alloy; Reduced the content of elemental iron, reduced its damaging effect alloy toughness, machinability and dimensional stability; Reduced the content of element magnesium, reduced its damaging effect alloy toughness and thermostability; Improve the content of elemental copper, improved alloy at room temperature and high-temperature behavior; Adjust the content of silicon, improved the castability and the cutting ability of alloy; And means such as, semicontinuous casting rotten by the melt strontium and hot extrusion deformation make alloy have higher density, even tiny equi-axed crystal and more uniform chemical ingredients, eliminate the damaging effect of defectives such as shrinkage cavity, shrinkage porosite, improved the intensity and the toughness of alloy.
Embodiment 2:
1000Kg is siliceous in preparation: 11.0%; Copper: 3.0%; Magnesium: 0.4%; Surplus is the aluminium-silicon-copper-magnesium series deforming alloy of aluminium.
Take the processing step identical with embodiment 1, wherein step (1) calculate each raw material add-on be: aluminium ingot 871.65Kg, silico briquette 112.23Kg, fine copper 30.02Kg, MAG block 5.00Kg.
After testing, the gained alloy ingredient is: silicon: 11.0%; Copper: 3.0%; Magnesium: 0.4%; Surplus is an aluminium.Tensile strength of alloys is 258MPa under the as cast condition, and elongation after fracture is 8.6%, and hardness is 112HB; Tensile strength can reach 394MPa after the thermal treatment, and elongation after fracture can reach 6.3%, and hardness is 136-141HB.
Embodiment 3:
1000Kg is siliceous in preparation: 12.0%; Copper: 4.0%; Magnesium: 0.6%; Surplus is the aluminium-silicon-copper-magnesium series deforming alloy of aluminium.
Take the processing step identical with embodiment 1, wherein step (1) calculate each raw material add-on be: aluminium ingot 849.25Kg, silico briquette 122.44Kg, fine copper 40.02Kg, MAG block 6.11Kg.
After testing, the gained alloying constituent is: silicon: 12.0%; Copper: 4.0%; Magnesium: 0.6%; Surplus is an aluminium.Tensile strength of alloys is 263MPa under the as cast condition, and elongation after fracture is 8.4%.Hardness is 115HB; Tensile strength can reach 400MPa after the thermal treatment, and elongation after fracture can reach 4.9%, and hardness is 136-141HB.
Claims (9)
1. an aluminium-silicon-copper-magnesium series deforming alloy is characterized in that, contains silicon: 9.0-12.0% by weight percentage; Copper: 3.0-4.0%; Magnesium: 0.3-0.6%; Iron:＜0.30%; Zinc:＜0.20%; Foreign matter content≤0.15%; Surplus is an aluminium.
2. aluminium-silicon-copper-magnesium series deforming alloy according to claim 1 is characterized in that, contains silicon: 9.0-12.0% by weight percentage; Copper: 3.0-4.0%; Magnesium: 0.4-0.6%; Iron:＜0.30%; Zinc:＜0.20%; Foreign matter content≤0.15%; Surplus is an aluminium.
3. the preparation method of claim 1 or 2 described aluminium-silicon-copper-magnesium series deforming alloys may further comprise the steps:
(1). according to the weight percent meter of described aluminium-silicon-copper-magnesium series deforming alloy component, take by weighing purity respectively all greater than 99.7% raw material aluminium, silicon, copper, magnesium, standby;
(2). be coated with the coating that last layer is made by equivalent talcum powder and water glass on the surface of plumbago crucible, preventing to ooze iron, and it is put in the reflection smelting furnace is warming up to 600 ℃, in plumbago crucible, add the insulating covering agent of furnace charge gross weight 3-4% then;
(3). in plumbago crucible, add aluminium ingot again, will reflect smelting furnace and continue heat up, treat in the plumbago crucible that aluminium ingot all after the fusing, is warming up to 680 ℃ of insulations 10 minutes;
(4). when smelting furnace to be reflected continues to be warming up to 730 ℃, silico briquette is added in the plumbago crucible, and be pressed under the aluminium liquid liquid level, kept 10-15 minute, treat silico briquette all after the fusing, fine copper is added in the plumbago crucible melt with bell jar;
(5). when reflection smelting furnace temperature adjusting is 680-700 ℃, MAG block is added in the plumbago crucible, MAG block is pressed into crucible bottom, melt fully until it with bell jar;
(6). keeping temperature is 680-700 ℃, uses the nitrogen refining, logical after nitrogen 10-15 minute, can skim;
(7). when molten metal is warmed up to 760-850 ℃, add the Al-8Sr master alloy of furnace charge gross weight 0.6-0.8%, the processing of going bad, after molten metal stirred in stove, insulation was left standstill 30 ± 2 minutes;
(8). after rotten the finishing, use the nitrogen refining again, logical nitrogen 10-15 minute;
(9). refining is left standstill 10min after finishing, and skims at 720-760 ℃, makes bar by semicontinuous caster then;
(10). after the bar water-cooled that semicontinuous casting is obtained, the drying, be heated to 350-450 ℃, on extrusion machine, carry out the hot extrusion deformation of gross distortion degree and handle through heat treatment furnace;
(11). after the bar water-cooled after the hot extrusion deformation processing, drying, be heated to 320-390 ℃ at heat treatment furnace and forge thermal treatment, make aluminium-silicon-copper-magnesium series deforming alloy with T6.
4. according to the preparation method of the described aluminium-silicon-copper-magnesium series deforming alloy of claim 3, it is characterized in that the described insulating covering agent of step (2) is the composition that 60% magnesium chloride and 40% Repone K are formed by mass percent.
5. according to the preparation method of the described aluminium-silicon-copper-magnesium series deforming alloy of claim 3, it is characterized in that, also available other refining agent refining of the described nitrogen refining in step (6) or (8), but refining agent is necessary for no chlorine refining agent.
6. according to the preparation method of the described aluminium-silicon-copper-magnesium series deforming alloy of claim 3, it is characterized in that the adding temperature of the described Al-8Sr master alloy of step (7) is 780-820 ℃.
7. according to the preparation method of the described aluminium-silicon-copper-magnesium series deforming alloy of claim 3, it is characterized in that the described heat treatment furnace Heating temperature of step (10) is 380-420 ℃.
8. according to the preparation method of the described aluminium-silicon-copper-magnesium series deforming alloy of claim 3, it is characterized in that the described heat treatment furnace Heating temperature of step (11) is 350-370 ℃.
9. according to the preparation method of the described aluminium-silicon-copper-magnesium series deforming alloy of claim 3, it is characterized in that the described T6 heat treatment operation of step (11) is 500-510 ℃ of solid solution 8-10h, 60-82 ℃ of water-cooled; 200 ℃ of timeliness 8-10h, air cooling.
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Assignee: Tianjin Lizhong Wheel Co.,Ltd. Assignor: Shandong University Contract record no.: 2010370000561 Denomination of invention: Aluminium-silicon-copper-magnesium series deforming alloy and its preparing method Granted publication date: 20081203 License type: Exclusive License Open date: 20070328 Record date: 20101207 |
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