CN1935595A

CN1935595A - Device for the autonomous production, treatment, and supply of breathing gas to divers

Info

Publication number: CN1935595A
Application number: CNA200610100698XA
Authority: CN
Inventors: 格奥古伊·托多洛夫
Original assignee: Individual
Current assignee: Individual
Priority date: 1997-04-11
Filing date: 1998-04-03
Publication date: 2007-03-28
Also published as: DE19716749B4; DE19716749A1

Abstract

There is provided a piggyback diving apparatus for separated preparing, treating and supplying gas for breath for divers at depths ranging from 0 to 1000 meter. A cable rolling drum is fixed with the said apparatus as an additional equipment. Therefore, the diver is capable of establishing connection with a surface or command center with current, video and communication, by a floating body which can blow up equipped with flashes and a fast detection antenna.

Description

For the diver prepares independently, the equipment of processing and supply of breathing gas

The present invention is that denomination of invention is that the method and apparatus of processing and supply of breathing gas " prepare independently for the diver, ", application number are dividing an application of 200310123948.8 patent application.

Technical field

The present invention relates to a kind of diving depth at 0～1000 meter is method and a kind of fully independently back carried diving outfit of implementing the method for diver's preparation, processing and supply of breathing gas.

Background technology

In known diving outfit that open wide or semiclosed system, sharply force from 50～100 meters gas consumptions in the degree of depth.Avoiding the loss of breath for gas to have only by bounded system fully just can accomplish.

(Draegerwerk Luebeck) has described a kind of diving outfit that mixes certainly with closed-loop to DE-C834 201.In this method, measure the amount of aspirated air or the amount of exhalation air, and supply with oxygen according to the difference of two amounts.

GB A-2208203 (Carmellan researcw Ltd.) has described the RexnordCORl55 type from mixing diving outfit.This diving outfit is that it has enough precision and reliability is measured important oxygen partial pressure according to the commercially available oxygen sensor design-calculated as U.S.'s aerospace side production.In the loop of complete closed, diving outfit is only regulated the O of requirement then by means of the ambient pressure of unreactable gas acquisition diving depth according to the observed reading of oxygen sensor ₂Dividing potential drop that is to say, only compensates the oxygen of diver's actual needs in continuing the diving process.

In this method, oxygen partial pressure in the breath for gas and CO ₂The data of composition are installed in lip-deep Personal Computer by means of one and are handled with corresponding software programs.

When the degree of depth surpasses 50～100 meters, for security reasons almost can not use this diving outfit of mixing certainly with bounded system CCR (closed-loop diving outfit).This most important shortcoming has three aspects: mixture gas electric that is used for regulating the breathing usefulness of the accurate oxygen partial pressure in the helium-oxygen-mixture gas of use do not have absolute reliability; The diver aspirates breath for gas by diving outfit with his lung, so that with the CO that breathes out ₂Remove (gas density is 31 crust when 300 meters degree of depth) in the slave unit loop; Opposite with the loop of opening wide, the continuous gas of having cancelled the impurity that continues the many intrusions of washing in bounded system flows.The degree of depth is dark more, and the allowed band of oxygen and carbon dioxide content is more little, CO ₂And O ₂The danger of poisoning increases.

Other shortcoming is when 200～500 meters degree of depth because the shortage of gas, and period of service is limited in l5～20 minute.

Summary of the invention

Therefore, the present invention is intended to propose the method that breath for gas was handled, purifies and prepared to the corresponding diving depth of a kind of basis, guarantee that simultaneously corresponding gas is supplied with and storage, so that provide necessary breathing mixture with the big degree of depth for the diver little, and propose a kind of fully independently back carried diving outfit according to the groundwork of this method.

Technical solution of the present invention a kind of independently be that diving depth is the method for 0～1000 meter diver's preparation, processing and supply of breathing gas, it is characterized by, in the chattering type stocking system in a complete closed loop, constantly between two high pressure gas bottles, carry by a certain amount of miscellaneous gas that unreactable gas (helium) and oxygen are formed, wherein, when beginning necessity breath for gas pressed measurement principle and arrived by air-breathing bag, diving helmet, exhaling bag, two groups of CO with constant metering ₂The loop that suction strainer is formed; The motion of breath for gas in the loop quickened by a low pressure diaphragm pump; From breathing gas, remove CO ₂With other impurity, dry and heating, oxygen partial pressure according to the permission of respective depth replenishes pure oxygen and unreactable gas according to constant metering and possible loss of inert gas in addition, then by the calm the anger breathing mixture of body suction excess quantity of a high pressure, under the high pressure of 220～450 crust, be stored in one of two pressurization-gas cascades, after whole breathing mixtures all is stored in the pressurization-gas cascade, the electromagnetic valve conversion restarts same process with opposite direction.

Here be in the chattering type stocking system in a complete closed loop, between two high

pressure gas bottles

15,29, constantly carry a certain amount of mixture gas of forming by unreactable gas (helium) and oxygen, wherein, the breathing mixture of necessity was pressed the principle arrival of metering and constant metering by air-breathing bag 37, diving helmet 6, exhaling bag 11, two groups of CO when beginning ₂In the loop that

suction strainer

16,17 is formed.The motion of the breathing gas in the loop is quickened by a low pressure diaphragm pump 13; Remove the CO that inhales in the expiration body ₂With other impurity, drying also heats breathing gas, replenishes the oxygen partial pressure that allows, topping up when the unreactable gas possible loss according to respective depth according to constant measuring principle in addition; Then, by the breathing mixture of a high-pressure compressor 23 (piston type or diaphragm type) suction excess quantity, in one of under the high pressure of 220～450 crust, being stored in respectively in two pressurized

gas bottles

15,29; After all the breathing mixture of amount was stored in the pressurized gas bottle, electromagnetic valve 31 conversions restarted this process by opposite direction.

With the actual loop that forms a complete closed of method, absolutely utilized the mixture gas of expensive unreactable gas (helium) and oxygen in such a way, and not loss.Can come air feed by the principle of constant metering by the mixture gas of making in principle in this system, promptly be mechanical but not electronic type; Electric that may use plays a secondary role, has so greatly improved diver's safety.According to the O that allows ₂Dividing potential drop also can be undertaken by constant measuring principle the breathing mixture collecting oxygen, and the automat from mixing is only done less important effect.

Because air compressor 23 is 2～3 kilowatts 12 volts/24 volts DC machine driving by one or two gross horsepowers, DC machine is 100～600 ampere hours or higher storage battery power supply by one or several capacitance, therefore, diver's diving time is no longer dependent on the entrained tidal air scale of construction, but relevant with existing capacitance.By this mode, diving time be in the degree of depth to 700～800 meter l2 hour extremely 24 hours of the relatively little degree of depth or higher, and its prerequisite is CO ₂The filter periodic replacement.The diver all the time can be additionally by cable from the surface, underwater vehicles or station power supply under water, it is much reasonable that this supplies with than flexible pipe.The diver can disconnect this connection at any time and connect afterwards and supply with cable, and this wants easily and be much compact, also supplies with safer than flexible pipe simultaneously.

This method is brought many other advantages: air compressor and motor oil cooling, and the heat that is produced is used to produce hot water by means of H Exch, thereby makes diver, breathing gas and diving outfit keep warm, and this is very important in dark diving.By means of one or two gross horsepowers is that 0.3～0.5 kilowatt 12 volts/24 volts drive motor can make the diver aforementioned fast with the speed of 4～6 joints, is 30～200 kilometers according to its action radius of entrained capacity of the accumulator.Can also long-term use throw light on, take pictures, TV, video, navigation, conversation, diving computer, pressure-reducing station computing machine and miscellaneous equipment, and all electric, hydraulic pressure and mechanical device and instruments of known type so far.Also can be with the principle of work of device translates: unlimited system, semiclosed system, have the bounded system in mixture gas loop to all hitherto known diving outfit types, even has a bounded system in purity oxygen loop, wherein, in in the end a kind of situation, all safety measures have been taked in the diving for band oxygen dive equipment.These systems can arbitrarily use, and decide on task, can connect with turning off with the high pressure of air compressor to be connected, otherwise must damage motor or air compressor (as calibration package) after capacitance exhausts.

This pressure oscillation formula stocking system can provide different breathing mixture for a long time for the diver in the degree of depth of 0～700-800 rice.This method is in case after the physiology of respiration limit that exists so far of being got rid of 700 meters diving depths by science, even also can be used for 1000 meters and the darker degree of depth.

Long period of service can realize that no diving chamber freely floats to the surface at the quick diving of 300～350 meters of diving depths with in accordance with ascent time (pressure-reducing station), perhaps certain degree of depth for example 300 meters from diving vehicle climb out of, 600～700 meters degree of depth work, oneself returns then.Being equipped with the W/W cable reel to make the diver or keep conversation to be connected with electric current with the surface at any time in case of necessity by hope is connected.

The compact design of the diving outfit of making according to the principle of the method allows directly from the seabeach, canoe, ship, submarine, station, autogyro, aircraft under water, even directly carries out work drowned by parachuting.This diving outfit can be used for purposes such as commerce, physical culture, military affairs, science, archaeology.Have new prospect and application for military and other task.Detective group that for example can forming for the first time is used to scout sabotages and several thousand people's diving army.Its diving depth is 0～1000 meter, and radius of action is 100～200 kms, can carry and make to equip with arms, and move with the big speed of 6～10 joints.

Simultaneously, the present invention can provide this equipment for each people, can reach the very dark degree of depth, and needs big expense, so that search for treasure and be used for physical culture, archaeology and science purpose.

The present invention can be further developed by some ocean research and industrial sector, is that 700m (in the future may to 1000 meters or darker) directly obtains manganese nodule from the depth of water for example, further obtains oil and natural gas from this degree of depth.

Description of drawings

Below by means of description of drawings the present invention.Wherein:

Fig. 1 schematic diagram;

Fig. 1 a represent of the present invention fully independently, the back carried diving outfit;

Fig. 2 elevation profile;

Fig. 3 lateral plan.

The specific embodiment

By means of figure l further specify the principle of work of this method and implement this method fully independently, the back carried diving outfit.

When opening of valves, gas flow to one-level pressure reducer 30 from pressurized gas bottle 29 (mixture gas steel cylinder) by high pressure connection, and be decompressed to 110 supercritical pressures according to diving depth of clinging to there, and directly supply with air-breathing bag 37 or directly supply with diving helmet 6 by dosage nozzle 39.Breath for gas arrives diver's respiratory apparatus therefrom.

In expiration phase, gas refluxes by exhaling bag 11 or directly flows into two CO from diving helmet 6 ₂In the

suction strainer

16,17, suck by check valve 35 by the low pressure diaphragm pump therefrom and supply with air-breathing bag 37 once more.Like this, this loop is an osed top.Low pressure diaphragm pump 13 is handled by electric pulse, and its task is that breath for gas is constantly circulated in the loop, thereby makes the diver feel that seldom respiratory resistance and breathing pressure gas do not hinder.

According to diving depth is that the excess gas of 10～100 liters/mark magnitude is not in the water around loop by overpressure valve 10 slave units enters (generally being like this in semiclosed system), but be pressed into storage in the second mixing gas cylinder 15 by three-position valve 31 by air compressor 23 suctions and under the high pressure of 220～450 crust, be empty during its gas cylinder 15 beginnings.

Air compressor 23 is piston compressors, preferably diaphragm type low-high pressure compressor, power is 220～450 crust, air-breathing and airdelivery rate is 10～100 liters/minute, is 2～3 kilowatts by two gross horsepowers, the

DC machine

21,24 of 12V/24V drives.Motor is 100～600 peaces or

higher storage battery

19,26 power supplies by one or several 12V/24V current capacity, decides on output.Storage battery can be lead/acid, nickel/cadmium or silver/zinc type, and is installed in the fuel tank so that equilibrium of pressure.

The superfluous breath for gas of air compressor 23 compression is by by air water separator, oil strainer (when the piston compressor), adour filter and the filtering installation 18 formed of device for drying and filtering again, at this moment breath for gas is cleaned and is stored in second under high pressure 220～450 crust and mixes in the gas cylinder 15.

This equipment is designed to 16 or 18 main diving depth districts.Each diving depth district is equipped with certain dosage and certain miscellaneous gas.It is constant that the quantitative mixture gas scale of construction keeps, and irrelevant with diving depth.16 or 18 above-mentioned main diving depth districts are illustrated among Table I and the II.

Automatically carry out in the air-breathing bag 37 of gas input, perhaps by the manual shift selectively of the calibrate valve 39 on the control desk 1 of diver front, and can be regulated according to diving depth from 10 liters/minute (0～50 meter of Sub-aqua area) to 95～100 liters/minute (600～700 meters of Sub-aqua areas).

Air-breathing and the supply rate of the miscellaneous gas of air compressor 23 also can automatically regulating, and perhaps the received current of regulating two motors step by step by the

rotor switch

2,40 on the control desk 1 carries out manual shift, and wherein the ampere of input is 24～200 amperes/hour step by step.Therefore, according to the input ampere of motor, air compressor can produce 10～100 liters/minute air-breathing and supply rate.This under high pressure is stored in the second breath scale of construction of mixing in the gas cylinder by air compressor and is about 10～15% of whole breath scale of constructions.Above-mentioned whole breath scale of constructions are divers in the corresponding needed amount of diving depth per minute, and remaining gas is retained in the closed-loop.To have saved according to this method and mode and to have stored up needed electric current with gas recompression and in order utilizing again.

For fear of emergency situation, difference does not appear thereby make between the air-breathing rate of gas input rate and air compressor, and make calibrate valve 39 and

rotor switch

2,40 synchronous.In addition, safety valve 9 is installed on exhaling bag 11.This safety valve stops air compressor 23 with the lung sucking-off of gas from the diver when a small amount of the expiration, and at this moment air compressor is connected.Safety valve 9 has the automatic circuit breaker that disconnects

motor

21,21 in the emergency state simultaneously.On air-breathing bag 37 a demand gas conditioner 36 is installed also, the latter provides extra breath for gas when emergency situation, perhaps allows in extraordinary circumstances total system is transformed into unlimited loop equipment.

Miscellaneous gas supply rate (corresponding to the current draw of motor) according to diving depth and required air compressor, production time or diving time when 600～700 meters of diving depths 3 hours when diving depth is 0～100 meter 24 hours or higher are decided on entrained capacity of the accumulator.

Air compressor 23 and

motor

21,24 are installed in the steel shell and use oil cooling.The heat that produces is 43～45 ℃ hot water supply diver by means of H Exch 22 as temperature, with cold of protection diver, breath for gas and equipment opposing deep water.

When difference occurring in rapid come-up or between the gas delivery rate of air compressor and air-breathing rate, connects overpressure valve 10.

In case when mixing gas cylinder 15 and being full of the high-voltage purification breath for gas of 220～450 crust by air compressor 23, three-position valve 31 is (automatic or manual) transposition just, begin identical process immediately, this time be the breath for gas that compresses to be decompressed to postcritical pressure, and supply with air-breathing bag or directly supply with diving helmet by the measuring jet on the control desk 1 39 from mixing gas cylinder 15.The gas of breathing out arrives exhaling bag 11 again, then at CO ₂Infeed in the air-breathing bag by 13 suctions of low pressure diaphragm pump and by check valve 35 in the suction strainer 16,17.The breath for gas of surplus is aspirated by high-pressure compressor 23, depresses by filtering installation 18 purifications and at 220～450 Bagaos to be stored in the current mixing gas cylinder 29 for sky.As long as there is certain capacity of the accumulator, said process repeats always.

In addition, by pressure reducer and measuring jet 33 pure oxygen is imported the exhaling bags (11) from steel cylinder 28 on the basis of constant metering in this course, the composition of oxygen keeps constant in the miscellaneous gas in the tolerance limit that requires like this.Be similar to the metering miscellaneous gas, also design and installation are useful on the oxygen stoichiometry and the conveying of 16 main Sub-aqua areas, and therefore, the metering of miscellaneous gas and the metering of oxygen are synchronous fully, and it is constant that oxygen keeps in the limit that is requiring under the special pressure of each degree of depth.

At air compressor or motor because in the emergency situation that a variety of causes is no longer worked, running is just continued by the low pressure diaphragm pump of pressing electromagnetic principle work in the loop, perhaps also can be by a little machine operation, its prerequisite is, capacitance is still arranged in the storage battery, and the conveying of oxygen from steel cylinder 28 continues to be undertaken by constant metering.This is possible, because at whole loops volumes: exhaling bag and air-breathing bag, diving helmet, tidal air flexible pipe, CO ₂(totally being about the relevant pressure that 25～30 liters of volumes add the degree of depth, for example is 31 crust in the time of 300 meters, and this is equivalent to 900 liters of normal volumes) has the mixture gas of enough unreactable gas-oxidations to keep the short time in the suction strainers etc.Equipment can be transformed into semiclosed loop by the diver then, and utilizes existing mixture gas reserves by this mode.

For the composition of oxygen in the control breathing miscellaneous gas, this equipment is furnished with oxygen composition telltale and CO ₂Composition telltale 12 and 34.

Additional according to possible loss from steel cylinder 27 as required with unreactable gas (helium) the input exhaling bag 11 by pressure reducer and measuring jet 32.

In order to overcome the motion of high current or along continuous straight runs or vertical direction, be provided with

electric drive motor

20,25 as additional equipment, they are 0.3～0.5 kilowatt 12 volts/24 volts with gross horsepower can give the diver 4～6 joint or higher speed.Can reach 30～200 kms according to entrained accumulator capacity and necessary depth of water operating range, this total new quality to diving contributes.

In order to obtain little resistance to flow and higher speed, in different schemes, be provided with special swept-out shell as additional equipment, this shell can add on the basis of the equipment of being installed in.The very light and printing opacity of housing is become by sheet made of acrylate glass, separated into two parts, and the rear portion is fixed on the diving outfit, and the front portion can be taken off.

Can help constantly provide the picture of all call parameters for the computing machine that the diver is equipped with an especial manufacture to him, the for example conveying of gas, the pumping power of the metering of gas, the storage of gas, gaseous tension and ambient pressure, gas temperature and water temperature, diving time, pressure-reducing station, air compressor and supply rate, capacitance, O ₂Composition and CO ₂Composition, motor speed, water heating-up temperature, distance, flow velocity, kinematic velocity, navigational parameter or the like.

The housing of equipment also is equipped with two or more country beams, pick up camera, vision receiver and camera, ampere-meter and voltage meter, O ₂And CO ₂Telltale, verbal system, navigating instrument and orientator under water.This equipment can additionally be connected with fibre-optic cable with current cable, and its advantage is that the diver can disconnect connection at any time, and connects once more by demand afterwards.Can change CO under water ₂At this moment filter has only a CO ₂Filter works on.This possibility is also being arranged when top cable connection is connected with video, i.e. direct control diver's work also presents one's view.When possible emergency situation, this equipment can directly change running by the command centre in the vehicle of a remote manipulation, and by means of drive motor he is transported to a underwater vehicles or workstation when the diver faints.

This equipment can produce more than 10 kinds of different schemes and model, and it has power, size, shape and the size of different accumulator capacitys and steel cylinder capacity, motor and air compressor, decides on application purpose.

This equipment has the weight of neutralization under water, and weight on the water is 50～150 kilograms.This equipment can only be mentioned with a minor crane on the water, perhaps is placed on the small-sized raceway that feeds in the water.Size can change between 250～300 millimeters of 450～800 millimeters of length, 450～500 millimeters of width, height, and can to make the diver be that 700～900 millimeters inlet climbs out of by span width.All parts of this equipment are installed in the streamlined shell of being made by the alkide resin of glass fibre reinforcement, in case physical damage.

Claims

1. be the method for diver's preparation, enriching and the supply of breathing gas of 0-1000 rice independently for diving depth, it is characterized in that, in the chattering type stocking system in a complete closed loop, the a certain amount of breath for gas compound of being made up of different unreactable gass and oxygen that has made is at two high pressure vessels (15,29) carry continuously between, wherein, the breath for gas of necessity arrives by air-breathing bag (37), diving helmet (6), exhaling bag (11) and one or two CO from the container that is full of with constant metering by crossing measurement principle when beginning ₂The closed-loop that suction strainer (16,17) is constituted; Breath for gas is quickened by low pressure diaphragm pump (13) along moving of this closed-loop; From breath for gas, remove CO ₂With other impurity, carry out drying and heating, excessive breath for gas then in hybrid chamber (27-a) according to the permission oxygen partial pressure at respective depth place according to constant measurement principle by the pure oxygen enriching, when needed or mixing with the unreactable gas that comprises hydrogen when lossy according to the constant dosage principle, suction from the explosion-proof air compressor (23) of piston type or diaphragm type structure, and under the high pressure of 220-450 crust, be stored in one of two containers (15,29); After all the breath for gas compounds all were stored in one of two high pressure vessels (15,29), automatically or artificially change-over valve (31), promptly the container ground from full container to sky began same process with opposite direction.

2. be used to implement the independently back carried rebreather of method according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, the different breathing that comprises hydrogen and oxygen is carried out in special-purpose hybrid chamber (27-a) with the preparation and the enriching of noble gas mixtures.

3. be used to implement the independently back carried rebreather of method according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, adopt custom-designed device to come under high pressure the unreactable gas or the oxygen of exact dose are directly inputted to two high-pressure gas containers (15,29) in, so that the composition of breath for gas is carried out extra accurate adjustment to obtain higher precision (30-a).

4. be used to implement the independently back carried rebreather of method according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, necessary unreactable gas be hydrogen storage in metal hydride container (26), perhaps be stored in the high pressure vessel (6-a) with gas form.

5. be used to implement the independently back carried rebreather of method according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, the supply of electric current and energy realizes by the alkalescence or the fuel cells (19) of some other types that are come energy supply by existing hydrogen and oxygen, and this fuel cell is located in the pressure compensation container individually or with one or more traditional or lithium-ions batteries in combination.

6. be used to implement the independently back carried rebreather of method according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, unreactable gas is that hydrogen can be removed by disconnector (18-a) when needed, and described disconnector comprises diffusion cell or the catalytic combubstion chamber with built-in palladium film.

7. be used to implement the independently back carried rebreather of method according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, existing unreactable gas is that hydrogen is used for by catalytic combubstion heat production in next life water, is used for heating diver and rebreather thereof after this hot water.

8. be used to implement the independently back carried rebreather of method according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, driving motor (20 except two horizontals installations, 25), extra driving motor (the 20-a that have blade that two high low type installations also have been installed, 25-a), so that allow the diver on all directions, to handle better; Be provided with that conductive connection, optical fiber connect, video connects or TV when connecting, whole rebreather can be switched under the emergency of remote-operated vehicle and by control cabin and controls.