CN1924571B - Ultrasonic determination method of light-weight soil wave speed characteristic value - Google Patents
Ultrasonic determination method of light-weight soil wave speed characteristic value Download PDFInfo
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- CN1924571B CN1924571B CN 200610053572 CN200610053572A CN1924571B CN 1924571 B CN1924571 B CN 1924571B CN 200610053572 CN200610053572 CN 200610053572 CN 200610053572 A CN200610053572 A CN 200610053572A CN 1924571 B CN1924571 B CN 1924571B
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Abstract
This invention relates to light earth wave velocity characteristic value hypersonic test method, which comprises the following steps: selecting proper engineer application proportion specimen after standard maintenance; testing the specimen wave velocity and computing the said experiment specimen relative wave velocity range under different intensity by statistical method. The advantages of this invention comprise the following: mastering one light earth wave velocity characteristic value hypersonic test method; reflecting different inner structure according to the light earth wave velocity.
Description
(1) technical field
The present invention relates generally to a kind of method of testing of wave speed characteristic of indoor light-weight soils sample.The technical field of nondestructive testing that belongs to material.
(2) background technology
China's expressway construction development in recent years rapidly, but a lot of regional geology conditions are bad, therefore usually cause sedimentation to become big in the roadbed filling process because having increased the extra-stress of foundation soil inside, so, problems such as bumping at bridge-head, high embankment unstability, new and old subgrade settlement difference occur in the highway soft foundation highway section.The light-weight soils technology that contains granules of polystyrene compositions such as (being abbreviated as EPS) can solve this type of problem preferably.Lightweight and hydrophobic nature are probably assembled agglomerating in the mixture of cement, sand and water but light-weight soils is mixed EPS particles a large amount of in the system process.Because the stress-strain Changing Pattern when EPS material and EPS light-weight soils material single shaft or three axial compressions are contracted is different, when EPS in mixture during maldistribution, the distortion meeting of the light weight soil layer that large tracts of land is built under long-term use and dynamic load effect is inconsistent, solve problem of bumping at bridge-head like this and can not realize well that the requirement of surface evenness also should not reach concerning high-grade highway; The large tracts of land placement layer by layer of working-yard and roll compaction process and also may make the packing of the soil body be difficult to be guaranteed simultaneously, the restriction of adding on-the-spot curing condition makes hydrated cementitious abundant inadequately, the inner structure of cement gel body is not fine and close.This class problem tends to cause the defective or the crack of light-weight soils inside, in case light-weight soils does not reach performance requirement, can cause undercapacity, permanance to descend, and will have influence on the long-term use of follow-up whole engineering.Therefore, the detection method of exploitation EPS light-weight soils construction quality becomes a urgent task.
The ultrasonic detecting technology that the present invention proposes, composition information and inner structure that the relative variation of each parameters,acoustic of ultrasound wave by passing material comes analysis of material.Because during Ultrasonic Detection, when ultrasound wave is run into defective or crack in communication process, will the complicated of diffraction, reflection and travel path be taken place, amplitude obviously reduces, and predominant frequency descends, and velocity of propagation can reduce.In large tracts of land light-weight soils work progress, EPS assembles agglomerating or maldistribution, and then the ultrasound wave travel-time therein understands a large amount of existence of and storage pore small because of EPS and prolongs, and value of wave speed is inevitable on the low side like this, and amplitude must reduce.Therefore, the relative variation of velocity of wave has reflected the homogeneity or the packing of different mixture ratio light-weight soils, can embody the correlated performance of light-weight soils inner structure by the wave speed characteristic of light-weight soils, and this is the reliable and practical detection technique of a kind of result.
(3) summary of the invention
The technical problem to be solved in the present invention provides a kind of supersonic ultrasonic testing method of light-weight soil wave speed characteristic, utilizes the transmission ultrasonic wave technology, detects the correlated performance of light-weight soils inner structure.
For this reason, the present invention adopts following technical scheme:
A kind of supersonic ultrasonic testing method of light-weight soil wave speed characteristic comprises following sequential steps:
(1) the suitable engineering of selection after standard curing used the light-weight soils sample of proportioning;
(2) test of sample velocity of wave:
A: during zero sound of first plate reading device;
B: make couplant with lotion (as butter, vaseline, calcium plaster, sodium alginate etc.), will connect, send out two smooth surfaces that transducer is close to sample respectively;
C: start instrument, by transmitting transducer repeat its transmission ultrasound wave, allow ultrasound wave propagate in the sample that is detected, received by receiving transducer then, the ultrasound wave that is received is shown enlarged on the oscillography screen through Ultrasound Instrument after changing into electric signal again;
D: after when when sound bales catch that instrument is read survey removes zero sound, (size of measured body between probe is promptly sent out, received to L-supersonic sounding in the formula by formula V=L/t; The t-travel-time) calculates the value of wave speed at sample relative position place, transducer place;
F: repeating step b-d, satisfy the same position place that is in sample when transducer is tested at every turn all the time simultaneously, obtain the value of wave speed at a plurality of relative positions of sample place;
G:, obtain the corresponding down value of wave speed scope of sample different densities of described laboratory preparation according to the mathematical statistics method of experiment sample preparation and the accuracy requirement of sampling.
Further, for guaranteeing that the reception ripple has certain amplitude, instrument normally to survey and reads acoustic signals, frequency of ultrasonic of the present invention is got low-frequency range promptly less than 100kHz.Under the range finding of 100～200mm, adopt the compressional wave transducer of 20～100kHz; For satisfying the unlimited or big boundary condition of semiinfinite of ultrasonic propagation, it is fixed that the cross sectional dimensions of sample comes according to range finding, is taken as a cube size simultaneously.
Further, the concrete technology of the preparation of described light-weight soils sample is as follows: adopt mortar stirring technique and soil sample layering to hit real method and prepare sample, maintenance demoulding after 48 hours under the standard conditions is smeared one deck sand-cement slurry non-any relative two surperficial approaching of building face after the demoulding; Continuation maintenance under standard conditions (temperature is 25 degrees centigrade, and relative humidity is more than 90%); Described specimen size is selected 100～200mm.
The components by weight percent of light-weight soils was as follows when the present invention tested: the content of fine sand is 66～78%, and the content of water is 13～16%, and the content of hardening agent (cement) is 6～18%, and the content of EPS is 0.45～3.0%.This also is the light-weight soils match ratio scope that is suitable on the engineering.
Beneficial effect of the present invention: (1) has grasped a kind of supersonic ultrasonic testing method of light-weight soils material wave speed characteristic; (2) can reflect the different internal structure of material according to the relative variation of light-weight soil wave speed value, the on-the-spot quality assessment of the material in the time of the method can being used for large-area construction; (3) method of testing of indoor sample can be prolonged the test of using outdoor on-the-spot light-weight soils, judge the inner structure of on-the-spot light-weight soils by the scope of on-the-spot light-weight soil wave speed characteristic, for whole engineering is laid a solid foundation.The method of testing of this wave speed characteristic belongs to the Dynamic Non-Destruction Measurement of material, and on-the-spot material is not had to destroy substantially, and is easy to operate, accuracy is higher.
(4) embodiment
According to the light-weight soils match ratio scope that engineering is suitable for, the present invention lists the ultrasonic tesint process of four kinds of soil sample wave speed characteristics under the match ratio.
Embodiment one, and fine sand, water, EPS particle, cement is 2050g altogether, and wherein fine sand accounts for 73.17%; Cement is the Portland cement that adopts 32.5#, accounts for 11.71%; The EPS particle is that density is 30g/cm
3, particle diameter 1～3mm spherolite, account for 0.49%, water accounts for 14.63%.Operation steps is as follows: (1) adopt respectively 30 and the compressional wave transducer of 50kHz test, specimen size is decided to be the cube shaped that the length of side is 100mm; (2) adopt mortar stirring technique and soil sample layering to hit real method and prepare sample, maintenance under the standard conditions (temperature is that 25 ℃, relative humidity are more than 90%) demoulding after 48 hours; In the non-thin one deck sand-cement slurry of smearing in any relative two surfaces of building face, closely contact with sample after the demoulding with the assurance transducer; Continuation maintenance under standard conditions; (3) light-weight soils with maintenance to 28 day length of time adopts transmission beam method to come surveying.Testing procedure is as follows:
During zero sound of elder generation's plate reading device; Make couplant with butter, will connect, send out two smooth surfaces that transducer is close to sample respectively; Start instrument, by transmitting transducer repeat its transmission ultrasound wave, allow ultrasound wave propagate in the sample that is detected, received by receiving transducer then, the ultrasound wave that is received is shown enlarged on the oscillography screen through Ultrasound Instrument after changing into electric signal again; After when when sound bales catch that instrument is read survey removes zero sound, (size of measured body between probe is promptly sent out, received to L-supersonic sounding in the formula by formula V=L/t; The t-travel-time) calculates the value of wave speed at sample relative position place, transducer place; Repeat above-mentioned steps, satisfy the same position place that is in sample when transducer is tested at every turn all the time simultaneously, obtain the value of wave speed at a plurality of relative positions of sample place; According to the mathematical statistics method of experiment sample preparation and the accuracy requirement of sampling, obtain the corresponding down value of wave speed scope of sample different densities of described laboratory preparation.
Analyze the inner structure and the composition information thereof of light-weight soils by the relative variation of value of wave speed: by light-weight soils maintenance under standard conditions of this components by weight percent, 28 days density is 1.558g/cm
328 days the ultrasonic velocity of compressional wave transducer that adopts 30kHz is between 1560～1670m/s, and 28 days the ultrasonic velocity of compressional wave transducer that adopts 50kHz is between 1650～1720m/s.
Embodiment two, and fine sand, water, granules of polystyrene, cement is 2100g altogether, and wherein fine sand accounts for 71.43%; Cement is the Portland cement that adopts 32.5#, accounts for 11.43%; Granules of polystyrene is that density is 30g/cm
3, particle diameter 1～3mm spherolite, account for 2.86%, water accounts for 14.29%.Operation steps is as follows: (1) adopt respectively 30 and the compressional wave transducer of 50kHz test, specimen size is decided to be the cube shaped that the length of side is 100mm; (2) adopt mortar stirring technique and soil sample layering to hit real method and prepare sample, maintenance under the standard conditions (temperature is that 25 ℃, relative humidity are more than 90%) demoulding after 48 hours; In the non-thin one deck sand-cement slurry of smearing in any relative two surfaces of building face, closely contact with sample after the demoulding with the assurance transducer; Continuation maintenance under standard conditions; (3) light-weight soils with maintenance to 28 day length of time adopts transmission beam method to come surveying.Testing procedure is as follows:
During zero sound of elder generation's plate reading device; Make couplant with vaseline, will connect, send out two smooth surfaces that transducer is close to sample respectively; Start instrument, by transmitting transducer repeat its transmission ultrasound wave, allow ultrasound wave propagate in the sample that is detected, received by receiving transducer then, the ultrasound wave that is received is shown enlarged on the oscillography screen through Ultrasound Instrument after changing into electric signal again; After when when sound bales catch that instrument is read survey removes zero sound, (size of measured body between probe is promptly sent out, received to L-supersonic sounding in the formula by formula V=L/t; The t-travel-time) calculates the value of wave speed at sample relative position place, transducer place; Repeat above-mentioned steps, satisfy the same position place that is in sample when transducer is tested at every turn all the time simultaneously, obtain the value of wave speed at a plurality of relative positions of sample place; According to the mathematical statistics method of experiment sample preparation and the accuracy requirement of sampling, obtain the corresponding down value of wave speed scope of sample different densities of described laboratory preparation.
Analyze the inner structure and the composition information thereof of light-weight soils by the relative variation of value of wave speed: by light-weight soils maintenance under standard conditions of this components by weight percent, 28 days density is 0.801g/cm
328 days the ultrasonic velocity of compressional wave transducer that adopts 30kHz is between 760～880m/s, and 28 days the ultrasonic velocity of compressional wave transducer that adopts 50kHz is between 850～940m/s.
Embodiment three, and fine sand, water, granules of polystyrene, cement is 2040g altogether, and wherein fine sand accounts for 73.53%; Cement is the Portland cement that adopts 32.5#, accounts for 9.8%; Granules of polystyrene is that density is 30g/cm
3, particle diameter 1～3mm spherolite, account for 1.96%, water accounts for 14.71%.Operation steps is as follows: (1) adopt respectively 30 and the compressional wave transducer of 50kHz test, specimen size is decided to be the cube shaped that the length of side is 100mm; (2) adopt mortar stirring technique and soil sample layering to hit real method and prepare sample, maintenance under the standard conditions (temperature is that 25 ℃, relative humidity are more than 90%) demoulding after 48 hours; In the non-thin one deck sand-cement slurry of smearing in any relative two surfaces of building face, closely contact with sample after the demoulding with the assurance transducer; Continuation maintenance under standard conditions; (3) light-weight soils with maintenance to 28 day length of time adopts transmission beam method to come surveying.Testing procedure is as follows:
During zero sound of elder generation's plate reading device; Make couplant with calcium plaster, will connect, send out two smooth surfaces that transducer is close to sample respectively; Start instrument, by transmitting transducer repeat its transmission ultrasound wave, allow ultrasound wave propagate in the sample that is detected, received by receiving transducer then, the ultrasound wave that is received is shown enlarged on the oscillography screen through Ultrasound Instrument after changing into electric signal again; After when when sound bales catch that instrument is read survey removes zero sound, (size of measured body between probe is promptly sent out, received to L-supersonic sounding in the formula by formula V=L/t; The t-travel-time) calculates the value of wave speed at sample relative position place, transducer place; Repeat above-mentioned steps, satisfy the same position place that is in sample when transducer is tested at every turn all the time simultaneously, obtain the value of wave speed at a plurality of relative positions of sample place; According to the mathematical statistics method of experiment sample preparation and the accuracy requirement of sampling, obtain the corresponding down value of wave speed scope of sample different densities of described laboratory preparation.
Analyze the inner structure and the composition information thereof of light-weight soils by the relative variation of value of wave speed: by light-weight soils maintenance under standard conditions of this components by weight percent, 28 days density is 0.976g/cm
328 days the ultrasonic velocity of compressional wave transducer that adopts 30kHz is between 840～970m/s, and 28 days the ultrasonic velocity of compressional wave transducer that adopts 50kHz is between 950～1030m/s.
Embodiment four, and fine sand, water, granules of polystyrene, cement is 2110g altogether, and wherein fine sand accounts for 71.09%; Cement is the Portland cement that adopts 32.5#, accounts for 13.27%; Granules of polystyrene is that density is 30g/cm
3, particle diameter 1～3mm spherolite, account for 1.42%, water accounts for 14.22%.Operation steps is as follows: (1) adopt respectively 30 and the compressional wave transducer of 50kHz test, specimen size is decided to be the cube shaped that the length of side is 100mm; (2) adopt mortar stirring technique and soil sample layering to hit real method and prepare sample, maintenance under the standard conditions (temperature is that 25 ℃, relative humidity are more than 90%) demoulding after 48 hours; In the non-thin one deck sand-cement slurry of smearing in any relative two surfaces of building face, closely contact with sample after the demoulding with the assurance transducer; Continuation maintenance under standard conditions; (3) light-weight soils with maintenance to 28 day length of time adopts transmission beam method to come surveying.Testing procedure is as follows:
During zero sound of elder generation's plate reading device; Make couplant with sodium alginate, will connect, send out two smooth surfaces that transducer is close to sample respectively; Start instrument, by transmitting transducer repeat its transmission ultrasound wave, allow ultrasound wave propagate in the sample that is detected, received by receiving transducer then, the ultrasound wave that is received is shown enlarged on the oscillography screen through Ultrasound Instrument after changing into electric signal again; After when when sound bales catch that instrument is read survey removes zero sound, (size of measured body between probe is promptly sent out, received to L-supersonic sounding in the formula by formula V=L/t; The t-travel-time) calculates the value of wave speed at sample relative position place, transducer place; Repeat above-mentioned steps, satisfy the same position place that is in sample when transducer is tested at every turn all the time simultaneously, obtain the value of wave speed at a plurality of relative positions of sample place; According to the mathematical statistics method of experiment sample preparation and the accuracy requirement of sampling, obtain the corresponding down value of wave speed scope of sample different densities of described laboratory preparation.
Analyze the inner structure and the composition information thereof of light-weight soils by the relative variation of value of wave speed: by light-weight soils maintenance under standard conditions of this components by weight percent, 28 days density is 1.156g/cm
328 days the ultrasonic velocity of compressional wave transducer that adopts 30kHz is between 1250～1370m/s, and 28 days the ultrasonic velocity of compressional wave transducer that adopts 50kHz is between 1380～1460m/s.
This test method provides theoretical foundation for the judge of on-the-spot original position soil body construction quality, can judge construction quality by on-the-spot light-weight soils test, can effectively avoid on the engineering detecting the defective (as the difficulty of taking a sample, discreteness that workload locality, testing result big, detection is bigger, to the disturbance of soil sample etc.) of the cutting ring sampling usually adopted and core boring sampling method, bigger application prospect is arranged for general soil body construction quality.
Claims (7)
1. the supersonic ultrasonic testing method of a light-weight soil wave speed characteristic is characterized in that comprising following sequential steps:
(1) the suitable engineering of selection after standard curing used the light-weight soils sample of proportioning;
(2) test of sample velocity of wave:
A: during zero sound of first plate reading device;
B: make couplant with lotion, receiving transducer and transmitting transducer are close to two smooth surfaces of sample respectively;
C: start instrument, by transmitting transducer repeat its transmission ultrasound wave, allow ultrasound wave propagate in the sample that is detected, received by receiving transducer then, the ultrasound wave that is received is shown enlarged on the oscillography screen through Ultrasound Instrument after changing into electric signal again;
D: after when when sound bales catch that instrument is read survey removes zero sound, by formula V=L/t, L-supersonic sounding in the formula promptly sends the probe of transducer and accepts the size of measured body between the probe of transducer; In the t-travel-time, calculate the value of wave speed at the relative sample position of transducer place;
F: repeating step b-d, satisfy the same position place that is in sample when transducer is tested at every turn all the time simultaneously, obtain the value of wave speed at a plurality of relative positions of sample place;
G:, try to achieve the value of wave speed scope of light-weight soils corresponding under the sample different densities of described laboratory preparation according to the mathematical statistics method of experiment sample preparation and the accuracy requirement of sampling.
2. the supersonic ultrasonic testing method of light-weight soil wave speed characteristic as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that: the concrete technology of preparation of the described sample of step (1) is as follows: adopt mortar stirring technique and soil sample layering to hit real method and prepare sample, maintenance demoulding after 48 hours under the standard conditions is smeared one deck sand-cement slurry non-any relative two surperficial approaching of building face after the demoulding; Continuation maintenance under standard conditions, curing temperature are 25 degrees centigrade, and relative humidity is more than 90%; Described specimen size is selected 100～200mm.
3. the supersonic ultrasonic testing method of light-weight soil wave speed characteristic as claimed in claim 2 is characterized in that: the described ultrasound wave of step (2) is chosen the following low-frequency range of 100kHz.
4. the supersonic ultrasonic testing method of light-weight soil wave speed characteristic as claimed in claim 3 is characterized in that: the compressional wave transducer of step (2) employing 50kHz.
5. the supersonic ultrasonic testing method of light-weight soil wave speed characteristic as claimed in claim 3 is characterized in that: the compressional wave transducer of step (2) employing 30kHz.
6. the supersonic ultrasonic testing method of light-weight soil wave speed characteristic as claimed in claim 3 is characterized in that: the described sample of step (1) is the light-weight soils sample of placing through 28 days.
7. the supersonic ultrasonic testing method of light-weight soil wave speed characteristic as claimed in claim 6 is characterized in that: described lotion is one of following: butter, vaseline, calcium plaster, sodium alginate.
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| CN103995058B (en) * | 2014-05-30 | 2017-01-18 | 中国能源建设集团甘肃省电力设计院有限公司 | Rapid coupling agent for eliminating end surface roughness influence and improving testing effect of vertical and horizontal waves |
| CN104007183B (en) * | 2014-05-30 | 2016-08-24 | 兰州大学 | A kind of couplant eliminating surface roughness impact and improving vertical transverse wave testing effect |
| CN103983701B (en) * | 2014-05-30 | 2017-12-01 | 兰州大学 | Eliminate the couplant at a slow speed that surface roughness influences and improves vertical transverse wave testing effect |
| CN110322501A (en) * | 2019-07-02 | 2019-10-11 | 中国矿业大学(北京) | A kind of three-dimensionalreconstruction model building method divided based on X-CT and figure |
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