CN1922397A - Method and device for determining the charging flanks of a piezoelectric actuator - Google Patents

Method and device for determining the charging flanks of a piezoelectric actuator Download PDF

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Publication number
CN1922397A
CN1922397A CNA2005800051426A CN200580005142A CN1922397A CN 1922397 A CN1922397 A CN 1922397A CN A2005800051426 A CNA2005800051426 A CN A2005800051426A CN 200580005142 A CN200580005142 A CN 200580005142A CN 1922397 A CN1922397 A CN 1922397A
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China
Prior art keywords
open circuit
voltage
threshold value
actuator
value
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CNA2005800051426A
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CN1922397B (en
Inventor
W·施特克莱因
H·拉普
K·萨特
A·劳
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Robert Bosch GmbH
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Robert Bosch GmbH
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    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02DCONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F02D41/00Electrical control of supply of combustible mixture or its constituents
    • F02D41/20Output circuits, e.g. for controlling currents in command coils
    • F02D41/2096Output circuits, e.g. for controlling currents in command coils for controlling piezoelectric injectors
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02DCONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F02D41/00Electrical control of supply of combustible mixture or its constituents
    • F02D41/20Output circuits, e.g. for controlling currents in command coils
    • F02D2041/202Output circuits, e.g. for controlling currents in command coils characterised by the control of the circuit
    • F02D2041/2051Output circuits, e.g. for controlling currents in command coils characterised by the control of the circuit using voltage control
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02DCONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F02D41/00Electrical control of supply of combustible mixture or its constituents
    • F02D41/22Safety or indicating devices for abnormal conditions
    • F02D41/221Safety or indicating devices for abnormal conditions relating to the failure of actuators or electrically driven elements

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Fuel-Injection Apparatus (AREA)
  • Electrical Control Of Air Or Fuel Supplied To Internal-Combustion Engine (AREA)

Abstract

The invention relates to a method for determining the charging flank of a piezoelectric actuator (2) of at least one injector with which a quantity of liquid is injected under high pressure into a cavity, particularly into a combustion chamber of an internal combustion engine. The invention is characterized in that the difference between a cutoff voltage threshold (Ucutoff) and a voltage of the actuator (2) is adjusted to a predeterminable set value shortly before the start of the discharging process (Uadjust).

Description

The method and apparatus that is used for the charging flank of definite a kind of piezoelectric actuator
Background technique
The present invention relates to a kind of method and apparatus of charging flank (Ladeflanke) of a piezoelectric actuator that is used for determining at least one oil nozzle, under high pressure conditions, Fluid Volume is injected in the firing chamber of a cavity, particularly an internal-combustion engine with this oil nozzle.
Disclose the control voltage method that an a kind of piezoelectric actuator that is used for a definite injection valve is used by DE 100 32 022 A1, wherein before next course of injection, measured the pressure in hydraulic coupler at first indirectly.This pressure is measured by following measure: piezoelectric actuator mechanically is coupled with hydraulic coupler, and the pressure sensitive in piezoelectric actuator of described like this pressure goes out a kind of correspondent voltage.The control voltage that the voltage of this induction was used for actuator is used before spraying into process is next time revised.Such oil nozzle for example uses in the pressure-accumulating tube system.Pressure in this external hydraulic coupler is also relevant with pressure-accumulating tube pressure, controls voltage like this and changes according to pressure-accumulating tube pressure.The voltage requirements of a piezoelectric actuator is at first relevant with the pressure in the valve box, and relevant with the longitudinal dilatation of piezoelectric actuator.Essential voltage is exactly so-called voltage requirements, the relation between voltage and the stroke when determining and the proportional power of pressure-accumulating tube pressure just in order to make oil nozzle carry out work in accordance with regulations at place, operation point.For example known by DE 103 15 815.4, derive the virtual voltage demand of an oil nozzle the voltage difference between maximum actuator voltage and stable terminal voltage.
The also known voltage of measuring the actuator before discharge process is about to begin in order to determine charging flank, and it is adjusted to a rating value.For this reason with so-called open circuit voltage, voltage that just charging process is just interrupted when reaching this voltage is as regulating parameter.Wherein also additionally endurance of charging flank is adjusted to a numerical value of predesignating from common 100 microseconds.
In addition, by undocumented DE 103 40 137.7 also known before discharge process is about to begin the voltage rating of actuator be matched with its voltage requirements individually for each oil nozzle.
Task of the present invention is so to regulate described charging flank in each oil nozzle, can make the influence that influences the parameter of valve motion tolerance as much as possible little, and particularly with the disclosed method of background technique mutually specific energy reduce this influence.
Advantage of the present invention
This task is so finished by being used for determining the method and apparatus of charging flank that this paper starts a piezoelectric actuator of described type: be determined at the difference between described open circuit voltage threshold value and the stable terminal voltage, and it is adjusted to the rating value that can stipulate.Therefore basic design of the present invention is, open circuit voltage threshold value (voltage that described charging process is interrupted when just reaching this voltage) and difference between the described stable terminal voltage (voltage of actuator before just discharge process is about to begin) is constant by a regulating loop maintenance.Described before described open circuit voltage threshold value and discharge process are about to begin the difference between the voltage of actuator be the standard of the length change of actuator after charging flank finishes, and therefore also be described switch valve after charging flank finishes up to the stroke dog that reaches it the standard of the stroke that must walk back.If this difference is adjusted to a constant numerical value, the stroke dog that the switch valve branch of all oil nozzles is clipped to them when charging flank finishes all has a unified distance so.
In a preferred embodiment, the variation by charging current in the charging in intervals that can stipulate at one is adjusted to the rating value that can stipulate with described difference.Guarantee after the control beginning, to make switch valve to one of stroke dog unified distance in the moment of a regulation respectively by the endurance of the described charging process of constant maintenance.Like this, in fact irrespectively in each oil nozzle, the stroke motion of switch valve is adjusted to an identical change curve with valve-seat diameter of for example actuator idle stroke, actuator rigidity, actuator-valve transmission chain rigidity, valve etc., exactly need not to know these parameters at this.Also can carry out oil nozzle-balance of voltage and standard-voltage calibration implicitly by this measure.
In another form of implementation, the difference between the actuator voltage before by changing the open circuit voltage threshold value described open circuit voltage threshold value and discharge process being about to begin is adjusted to the rating value that can stipulate.If predesignating of charging current can not enough quantize subtly, perhaps can not be according to independent oil nozzle regulation, then this form of implementation is suitable especially.It also is favourable wherein a parameter disclosed, that also therefore needn't additionally gather being made amendment.
In this case, preferably additionally will be adjusted to its rating value the duration of charge by changing charging current.Therefore by changing current threshold the charging process endurance is adjusted to a rating value.The validity of the duration of charge of being regulated is only relevant with following situation in this case: promptly current threshold can be stipulated how precision, and this whether can oil nozzle individually, and therefore cylinder realize individually.
Description of drawings
Other advantage and feature are the following specification and the illustrated themes of accompanying drawing of embodiments of the invention.
Accompanying drawing illustrates:
Fig. 1: the structure diagram of the background technique of disclosed injection valve;
Fig. 2: the curve sketch of control period actuator voltage and actuator current and time;
Fig. 3: use skeleton diagram according to the controlling device of the inventive method;
Fig. 4: use skeleton diagram according to another controlling device of the inventive method.
Embodiment
Fig. 1 sketch is represented by the disclosed injection valve 1 with a center hole of background technique.Servopiston 3 with a piezoelectric actuator 2 is arranged in the described center hole in top, and wherein servopiston 3 is fixedlyed connected with actuator 2.Servopiston 3 is upwards closed a hydraulic coupler 4, and a hole that leads to the connecting passage of one first valve seat 6 is set downwards.Piston 5 with a valve closing element 12 is set in described first valve seat.Valve closing element 12 forms as the double shut control valve in this embodiment.It also can be used as single closed control valve and forms.This valve closing element is closed first valve seat 6 when actuator 2 is state of rest.When operate actuator 2, just when wiring terminal+,-on apply the control voltage U, actuator 2 operation servopistons 3, and will have of the direction extruding of the piston 5 of closing element 12 by hydraulic coupler 4 to one second valve seat 7.Below second valve seat, an injector valve 11 is set in a corresponding passage, outflow in a high-pressure channel (pressure-accumulating tube pressure) 13 is closed or opened to this needle-valve according to the control voltage U that is applied.Described high pressure is to carry by a flow in pipes 9 by the fuel oil of medium to be sprayed into, for example internal-combustion engine.Control towards the influx of the medium of injector valve 11 and hydraulic coupler 4 directions by an injection throttle valve 8 and a discharge throttle valve 10.Wherein, hydraulic coupler 4 has a task, and promptly the stroke of one side oversize piston 5 is that the static temperature that makes control valve break away from actuator 2 expands on the other hand.Filling with once more of this not shown Coupler 4.
Narrate the functional mode of injection valve below in further detail.When each control actuator 2, servopiston 3 is towards the direction motion of hydraulic coupler 4.The piston 5 that has closing element 12 in this case also moves towards the direction of second valve seat 7.Wherein will be present in the medium in the hydraulic coupler 4, the part extrusion of for example fuel oil by the draining slit.Therefore hydraulic coupler 4 must be refilled between twice injection, with the reliability of the function that obtains it.
Have a high pressure by flow in pipes 9, for example this pressure can be between 200 and 2000 crust in the pressure-accumulating tube system.This pressure applies effect to injector valve 11, and makes it keep closing, and not having fuel oil like this can flow out.Owing to controlling voltage U actuator 2 is operated when present, and closing element 12 is towards the direction motion of second valve seat thus, then the pressure of zone of high pressure descends, and injector valve 11 opens wide fuel injection passage.Use P 1The so-called Coupler pressure that exists in the expression hydraulic coupler 4.When not having the control voltage U is a steady pressure P in Coupler 4 1In actuator 2 discharge back Coupler pressure P 1Be almost equal to zero, improve this pressure by refilling.
The stroke of actuator 2 and power and be used for relation being arranged to the voltage of this actuator 2 chargings.Because power is directly proportional with pressure-accumulating tube pressure, must be suitable relevantly with pressure-accumulating tube pressure so be used for the voltage of the actuator range of needs in order to reach valve seat 7 reliably.Injection valve or the oil nozzle 1 necessary voltage of working in accordance with regulations at place, operation point is so-called voltage requirements, Here it is voltage and and the situation of proportional certain power of pressure-accumulating tube pressure under stroke between relation.From DE 103 158 15.4, learn, how derive each single virtual voltage demand of an oil nozzle the voltage difference between maximum actuator voltage and stable terminal voltage.
Fig. 2 is actuator voltage and actuator current and time relation sketch.
In the disclosed method that is used for determining charging flank of background technique, measure the voltage U that is about to begin discharge process actuator 2 before Regulate, and it is adjusted to rating value.At this so-called open circuit voltage threshold value U Open circuit, voltage that just charging process is interrupted when reaching this voltage, with adjusting parameter.Additionally be adjusted to a rating value Δ t from 100 common microseconds the perdurabgility with charging flank LThis adjusting is by control or regulates the switching threshold I of charging current sCarry out, so this switching threshold is as regulating parameter.In order to change duration of charge Δ t LAlso change charging current I.
Basic design of the present invention is to replace the voltage ground of the actuator 2 before discharge process is about to begin to make open circuit voltage threshold value U by a regulating loop Open circuitAnd the difference between the voltage of the actuator 2 of discharge process before being about to begin remains constantly, and second aspect is by control or regulates the endurance that makes charging flank and keep constant.Open circuit voltage threshold value U Open circuitThe voltage U of the actuator 2 before being about to begin with discharge process RegulateBetween difference this is proposed a standard: how the length that finishes back actuator 2 at charging flank also changes; Therefore again this is proposed a standard: which type of backhaul switch valve 12 also will walk reaching its stroke dog after finish on the border of opening circuit before.If this difference is adjusted to a steady state value, then the switch valve of all oil nozzles all has a unified distance apart from their stroke dog when charging flank finishes.In addition, reach this unified distance in control beginning back in the moment of each regulation even when the endurance with charging process keeps constant, also can guarantee.Like this, the stroke motion of switch valve 12 is in fact irrelevant with these parameters: the valve-seat diameter of actuator-idle stroke, actuator rigidity, actuator-valve transmission chain rigidity, valve etc. for example.The motion of the switch valve of perhaps different oil nozzles is adjusted to respectively on the identical change curve, and also available other form is represented, exactly, needn't know these parameters exactly.
In an embodiment shown in Fig. 3, regulate parameter I by changing sAnd the difference between the voltage of open circuit voltage and the actuator before discharge process is about to begin 2 is regulated, but wherein by Δ t during scheduled time LThe complete charge process is regulated the endurance of charging flank with fixing after finishing.For this reason for regulating parameter I sA line construction unit 310 that is used for pre-control is set.The pressure-accumulating tube pressure P Pressure-accumulating tubeBe transported to this line construction unit as input parameter.In addition, a line construction unit 320 is set also, this line construction unit forms one and is used at open circuit voltage U Open circuitThe voltage U of actuator 2 before being about to begin with discharge process RegulateBetween the difference regulator.The rating value that can stipulate flows to this line construction unit as input parameter. Line construction unit 310 and 320 output value addition, and be transported to a control unit 330.This control unit is controlled a piezoelectricity end stage 335 again.This piezoelectricity end stage provides the actuator voltage U and the actuator current I of actuator 2.In addition, piezoelectricity end stage 335 also provides open circuit voltage U Open circuitAnd before discharge process is about to begin the voltage U of actuator 2 RegulateTheir difference forms in a switching point 340.This difference is transported to line construction unit 320.Regulate parameter I by changing now sRegulate.Also increase for when the adjusting parameter of electric current increases the voltage of actuator 2 chargings, the remainder stroke that charging process finishes late gate descends, and therefore voltage difference to be regulated also descends.Because open circuit voltage U in this case Open circuitNot from the outside regulation, but according to charging current I sWith duration of charge Δ t LAdjusting is come out, and therefore must measure this voltage when charging process finishes, and must then this measured value be used as the open circuit voltage threshold value and use.Precondition is in addition, regulates parameter I sAdjusting can enough quantize subtly, therefore and can be by independent oil nozzle and stipulate by independent cylinder.
In another embodiment shown in Fig. 4 is that expression is by changing known open circuit voltage threshold value U Open circuitItself come at open circuit voltage threshold value U Open circuitBe about to begin at discharge process before the voltage U of actuator 2 RegulateBetween voltage difference to be regulated regulate.Described open circuit voltage threshold value U Open circuitVariation require the variation of charging process.Have a regulator 410 that is used for the duration of charge for this reason in the line construction unit shown in Fig. 4, can provide a rating value of predesignating to this line construction unit.Wherein, also in this device, be provided with one and be used for controlling in advance current threshold I s Line construction unit 420, this current threshold offers the pressure-accumulating tube pressure P as input parameter Pressure-accumulating tubeAlso be provided with a line construction unit 430, this line construction unit comprises one and is used for open circuit voltage threshold value U Open circuitBe about to begin at discharge process before the voltage U of actuator 2 RegulateBetween the regulator of difference; Be provided with one in addition and be used for controlling in advance open circuit voltage threshold value U Open circuitLine construction unit 440.In a switching point 450, described by the numerical value of regulator 430 outputs and the numerical value U that exports by the Proctor Central 440 that is used for open circuit voltage Open circuitAddition, and with open circuit voltage threshold value U Open circuitThis numerical value flow to a control unit 460, this control unit provides actuator voltage U and actuator current I for use by piezoelectricity end stage 465 control actuators 2 in other words.In addition, piezoelectricity end stage 465 is also exported a signal that is used for the endurance of charging process, and this signal conveys is given the line construction unit 410 of the regulator that is formed for the duration of charge.In addition, described as getting in touch Fig. 3, open circuit voltage threshold value U Open circuitAnd the voltage U of the actuator before discharge process is about to begin 2 RegulateIn a switching point 470, subtract each other each other, and this difference is flowed to line construction unit 430, and this unit comprises the voltage U that is used for before described open circuit voltage threshold value and discharge process are about to begin RegulateThe regulator of difference.Pass through to change current threshold I by line construction unit 410 now sWith charging process endurance Δ t LBe adjusted to a rating value of predesignating.The validity ability and the current threshold I of the duration of charge that only is conditioned in this case, sIt is relevant to predesignate what validity, and relevant therewith: this whether can oil nozzle individually and therefore cylinder realize individually.Yet do not damage the accuracy of the regulating loop that is used for voltage difference by this measure.
In a scheme of the form of implementation shown in these Fig. 3 and Fig. 4, have only when an adjusting condition is met, just to connect effectively to be used for difference U Open circuit-U RegulateRegulating loop, this adjusting condition for example is: check whether the control endurance surpass a threshold value, and perhaps whether the fuel injection quantity rating value surpasses a fuel injection quantity threshold value." freezed " as the function of dominant pressure-accumulating tube pressure at that time regulating parameter described in the invalid regulator.Just can avoid this adjusting to respond by this measure for the transient oscillation that continues of the hundreds of microsecond of the actuator 2 that finishes in charging process to reflect in the voltage change curve of back at actuator 2.
May be prescribed as in addition and be used to regulate difference U Open circuit-U RegulateThe parameter of respectively regulating set up a diagnostic threshold relevant with pressure-accumulating tube pressure, the oil nozzle under identifying when reaching this threshold value has fault.This information can be by a diagnose interface, for example read out during internal-combustion engine in maintenance, can simplify the searching of fault so greatly.

Claims (11)

1. be used for determining the method for charging flank of a piezoelectric actuator (2) of at least one oil nozzle, adopt this oil nozzle a kind of Fluid Volume under the high pressure to be injected in the firing chamber that in the cavity, particularly is injected to an internal-combustion engine, it is characterized in that, will be at an open circuit voltage threshold value (U Open circuit) and the voltage (U of an actuator (2) before discharge process is about to begin Regulate) between difference be adjusted to the rating value that can stipulate.
2. in accordance with the method for claim 1, it is characterized in that, with described at open circuit voltage threshold value (U Open circuit) and discharge process be about to begin the voltage (U of preceding actuator (2) Regulate) between difference to be adjusted to the described rating value of stipulating be by the interval that can a stipulate (Δ t in the duration of charge L) charging current threshold value (I of interior change S) realize.
3. in accordance with the method for claim 1, it is characterized in that, with described at open circuit voltage threshold value (U Open circuit) and discharge process be about to begin the voltage (U of preceding actuator (2) Regulate) between difference to be adjusted to the described rating value of stipulating be by changing described open circuit voltage threshold value (U Open circuit) realize.
4. in accordance with the method for claim 3, it is characterized in that, by changing charging current threshold value (I S) change duration of charge (Δ t L), perhaps be adjusted to a rating value this duration of charge.
5. according to each described method in the aforementioned claim, it is characterized in that, charging current threshold value (I S) and/or duration of charge (Δ t L) and/or open circuit voltage threshold value (U Open circuit) compare with the diagnostic threshold that can stipulate, then identifying this oil nozzle when reaching this diagnostic threshold has fault.
6. according to each described method in the aforementioned claim, it is characterized in that having only when an adjusting condition is met just the difference between the voltage before described open circuit voltage and discharge process be about to begin to regulate; And when this adjusting condition is not met, the numerical value of described adjusting parameter is used separately as the adjusting parameter of regulating loop, and the numerical value of described adjusting parameter once was effective when internal-combustion engine is worked with the adjusting condition that satisfies in the accumulator pressure zone of reality at last.
7. in accordance with the method for claim 6, it is characterized in that, with the comparative result of described control endurance and control endurance threshold value as adjusting condition.
8. in accordance with the method for claim 7, it is characterized in that, when the control endurance greater than the control endurance during threshold value described adjusting condition be met.
9. in accordance with the method for claim 6, it is characterized in that, the rating value of described fuel injection quantity and the comparative result of a fuel injection quantity threshold value are used as described adjusting condition.
10. in accordance with the method for claim 9, it is characterized in that, when the fuel injection quantity rating value during greater than the fuel injection quantity threshold value described adjusting condition be met.
11. be used for determining the device of charging flank of a piezoelectric actuator (2) of at least one oil nozzle, use this oil nozzle a Fluid Volume under the high pressure can be injected in the firing chamber that in the cavity, particularly can spray into an internal-combustion engine, it is characterized in that a line construction unit, be used for an open circuit voltage threshold value (U Open circuit) and a voltage of the actuator (2) of discharge process before being about to begin between difference be adjusted to the rating value that can stipulate.
CN2005800051426A 2004-02-18 2005-01-04 Method and device for determining the charging flanks of a piezoelectric actuator Expired - Fee Related CN1922397B (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE200410007798 DE102004007798A1 (en) 2004-02-18 2004-02-18 Method and device for determining the charging flanks of a piezoelectric actuator
DE102004007798.3 2004-02-18
PCT/EP2005/050017 WO2005080776A1 (en) 2004-02-18 2005-01-04 Method and device for determining the charging flanks of a piezoelectric actuator

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CN1922397A true CN1922397A (en) 2007-02-28
CN1922397B CN1922397B (en) 2010-09-08

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JP (1) JP4130840B2 (en)
CN (1) CN1922397B (en)
DE (2) DE102004007798A1 (en)
WO (1) WO2005080776A1 (en)

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DE102006059070A1 (en) * 2006-12-14 2008-06-19 Robert Bosch Gmbh A fuel injection system and method for determining a needle lift stop in a fuel injector
DE102007008201B3 (en) * 2007-02-19 2008-08-14 Siemens Ag Method for controlling an injection quantity of an injector of an internal combustion engine
DE102007022591A1 (en) 2007-05-14 2008-11-27 Robert Bosch Gmbh Method for controlling internal combustion engine, involves determining actuator which injects fuel quantity in internal combustion engine and drive voltage required for specific stroke is determined by regulator
JP4911197B2 (en) * 2009-06-01 2012-04-04 株式会社デンソー Control device for direct acting fuel injection valve
DE102012207747A1 (en) 2012-05-09 2013-11-14 Robert Bosch Gmbh Method for operating piezoelectric actuator used in injection valve of internal combustion engine, involves carrying out control of actual course of voltage in range to adjust actual course of voltage at actuator to ideal course of voltage

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JP2536114B2 (en) * 1989-01-18 1996-09-18 トヨタ自動車株式会社 Driving device for piezoelectric element
EP1138909B1 (en) * 2000-04-01 2005-09-21 Robert Bosch GmbH Method and apparatus for controlling a fuel injection process
DE60011993T2 (en) * 2000-04-01 2004-12-09 Robert Bosch Gmbh Apparatus and method for determining a reduction in capacitance while driving piezoelectric elements
DE60039676D1 (en) * 2000-04-01 2008-09-11 Bosch Gmbh Robert Device and method for detecting a short circuit to the battery voltage during the activation of piezoelectric elements
DE10032022B4 (en) 2000-07-01 2009-12-24 Robert Bosch Gmbh Method for determining the drive voltage for an injection valve with a piezoelectric actuator
DE50009866D1 (en) * 2000-07-01 2005-04-28 Bosch Gmbh Robert Piezoelectric actuator of an injection valve
JP4023665B2 (en) * 2002-02-01 2007-12-19 株式会社日本自動車部品総合研究所 Piezo actuator control device, piezo actuator control method, and fuel injection control system
DE10315815A1 (en) 2003-04-07 2004-10-21 Robert Bosch Gmbh Method for determining the individual drive voltage of a piezoelectric element
DE10340137A1 (en) 2003-09-01 2005-04-07 Robert Bosch Gmbh Method for determining the drive voltage of a piezoelectric actuator of an injection valve

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JP4130840B2 (en) 2008-08-06
DE502005006809D1 (en) 2009-04-23
EP1718854B1 (en) 2009-03-11
DE102004007798A1 (en) 2005-09-08
CN1922397B (en) 2010-09-08
EP1718854A1 (en) 2006-11-08
JP2006525455A (en) 2006-11-09
WO2005080776A1 (en) 2005-09-01

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