CN1922386B - Coated mining bolt - Google Patents

Coated mining bolt Download PDF

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Publication number
CN1922386B
CN1922386B CN200480041339.0A CN200480041339A CN1922386B CN 1922386 B CN1922386 B CN 1922386B CN 200480041339 A CN200480041339 A CN 200480041339A CN 1922386 B CN1922386 B CN 1922386B
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polymer
coating
pet
layer
thickness
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CN1922386A (en
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W·J·西蒙斯
W·N·西蒙斯
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Terrasimco Inc
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Terrasimco Inc
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Priority claimed from PCT/US2004/042118 external-priority patent/WO2005059309A2/en
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Abstract

A mine support includes an elongate metal member and a coating comprising post-consumer recycled thermoplastic disposed on the member.The thermoplastic may include post-consumer recycled poly(ethylene terephthalate), and the coating may be an injection molded coating. A first layer of the coating may be provided with a thickness at least about 0.1 mm and a crystallinity between about 16% and about 30%, and a second layer of the coating may be provided with a thickness at least about 0.1mm and a crystallinity between about 6% and about 14%. Either the first layer or second layer may contact the elongate metal member.

Description

The mining bolt that applies
Invention field
The present invention relates to a kind of mining bolt (mining bolt) and application process thereof.Specifically, the present invention relates to a kind of (grouted) system that is used for the grouting that ore deposit top reinforces, this system comprises a kind of mining bolt, and this mining bolt has peripheral part that the core that formed by first material and second material form.
Background of invention
The main top-support system that use in the colliery comprises that normal length is 3/4 and 5/8 inch support cap (headed) reinforced anchor bolt as 4-6 foot, diameter, and it is in 1 inch the hole that this reinforced anchor bolt is used for diameter with the resin of perfusion.
Usually use multicompartmented (compartment) resin cartridge (cartridge) to be in the milk.For example; Like Llewellyn at United States Patent (USP) the 3rd, 861, described in No. 522; Can use a kind of packing (package) of separation; Vertical diaphragm seal of being processed by film forms at least two continuous vertical linear connections with certain form between them on the inwall of the tubular parts of being processed by barrier film equally in this packing, makes the variable volume of gained compartment.Preferably have infinite many variational two compartment packings of relative volume between two compartments.
Gilbert is at United States Patent (USP) the 4th, 239, disclosed the another kind of roll bolt that is used to dig up mine in 105 to connect fixing resin capsule (capsule).The multicompartmented capsule has compartment in the tubulose of the longitudinal extension that comprises catalyzer, and said in compartment compartment outside the tubulose that comprises resin combination of longitudinal extension on every side.Compartment forms with the monofilm band of outer compartment through polyester material in the tubulose of said longitudinal extension; On this monofilm band; Be welded with bilayer zone along opposing longitudinal edges; This bilayer zone comprises first layer of polyester material and the second layer band of polythene material, and said first layer connects with said single belt polyester film tape welding.The said composite board self that is formed by single belt and bilayer zone folds along a double-layered edges surplus, forms compartment in the tubulose, makes that the polyethylene layer material at composite band edge contacts with this layer (ply) material when folding, and welds.Relative double-layered edges surplus with said composite band folds into above the interior compartment of formation then, makes the polyethylene layer material at edge contact with the polyethylene layer material at other edges, and welds the outer compartment of formation tubulose.
The problem of significant rigidity aspect can appear in resin cartridge.Specifically, like people such as Simmons at United States Patent (USP) the 6th, 545; Disclose in 068 B1 number; In about two months, resin cartridge can become soft or lack rigidity or fastness, makes the tube that comprises grout composition no longer as the tube of firm packing, have rigidity.For the customer, soft tube is a problem, and this is because soft tube is difficult to insert in the boring at top.Disclose a kind of passing through and in grout composition, added the compressibility material, fully improved the method for the steadiness of grout composition.Said compressibility material is selected from nitrogen, oxygen, air, carbon dioxide, foam rubber, carbon dioxide, argon gas and wherein two kinds or more kinds of combinations.
The mining bolt that is used in combination with resin cartridge below, the performance of 3/4 inch mining bolt significantly is superior to 5/8 inch mining bolt.At first; Compare with the application of 5/8 inch mining bolt; When in the hole that 3/4 inch mining bolt is installed in 1 inch of diameter, the annular spaces between mining bolt and the drill hole wall (annular spaces) is less, thereby can improve the mixing of resin and catalyzer in the said annular spaces.For the resin cartridge that wherein has high resin-catalyzer ratio, this improved Combination is a particular importance.The resin/catalyst of this resin cartridge is than being about 60/40 to 90/10 usually.Secondly, when using resin cartridge that the anchor pole in the hole is in the milk usually, with resin cartridge " chopping " in position to discharge resin and the catalyzer in the tube, makes them mix then.Usually people know, when annular spaces during greater than 1/8 inch, the mixing that the piece of debris of the resin cartridge of having shredded can the appreciable impact resin/catalyst can cause the intensity between mining bolt and the drill hole wall very poor thereupon.Known in the boring that the plastic sheeting that forms resin cartridge gets into and is fixed on and rock on every side is contiguous; Thereby influence under the situation of combination of the required mechanics of formation between resin and the rock, this " finger puts in gloves (glove fingering) " phenomenon can occur.The less annular spaces that the three, 3/4 inch mining bolt provides in 1 inch hole (for example 1/8 inch annular spaces) can provide harder supporting system, and moving under the effect of per unit active force is littler, and creep is littler.In fact the verified advantage of these intensity finds 1/16 inch annular spaces even better effects if in Australia and U.S.'s broad research of carrying out.For example referring to C.Mark; C.Compton, D.Oyler and D.Dolinar, " Anchorage pull testing for fully grouted bolts; " No. 13 paper among the 21st International Conferenceon Ground Control in Mining; In August, 2002 6-8,2002, ISBN0-939084-56-9.
Although 5/8 inch anchor pole has above-mentioned shortcoming, be superior to it and have characteristics in light weight, easy to use and that cost is low with respect to 3/4 inch anchor pole, 5/8 inch anchor pole is being used in about 50% colliery.In the device of mine, lighter anchor pole is useful.When in the hole of mining bolt being inserted for example 1 inch of diameter, long 4-6 foot, the resin complete filling must be used in the gap between anchor pole and the hole, to guarantee the enough intensity of being in the milk.Because the proportion of anchor pole is about 8.6, and the proportion of resin is about 2.0,, can reduce the gross weight of grouting system through using anchor pole and more resin than minor diameter.In 4 feet long holes, 5/8 inch anchor pole and 3/4 inch weight differential of fastening of being in the milk fully with resin are about 1 pound/root anchor pole.Although can offset this weight differential through the hole, the less resin of use that bore than minor diameter; But in mining processes; Drill diameter is less than 1 inch hole difficulty more, and cost is higher, and this is because drilling cuttings is removed and the restriction of the rigidity of common drill bit causes.
Waste polyethylene terephthalate (PET) polymer both can't environmental organism degraded can not compost (compostable), so its processing is a problem.Recycle the feasibility replacement scheme of the rubbish that has become long-term accumulation, callable pet waste can obtain in a large number.For example, for example can obtain in a large number with lower cost from the PET after the use of Sofe drink bottle.Known bottle level (bottle grade) PET is a high-quality rank in the various PET ranks, particularly can obtain with the form of washed thin slice.The regulation of environmental protection factor and government is to impel people to seek the new and principal element improved purposes of pet waste.
Britain publication application GB relates to for 2 138 732 A numbers and a kind ofly can be used for digging up mine, the anchor pole (anchor) of building and civil engineering.This publication application has disclosed a kind of sleeve (sleeve) that is formed at anchoring piece (for example reinforcing bar) end; Its concrete grammar is that an end of said anchoring piece is inserted in the repeatedly used plastics mould; Said mould of plastics has the model of at least one screw thread, and comprises the self-curing shrink composition.According to this patent application, said composition can be cement material or resin material: polyester or composition epoxy resin.As stated, a certain amount of polyester grout Lokset is provided in mould, thereby on threaded anchor pole, pours into a mould sleeve.Yet the application of PET is not discussed in this disclosed patent application, uses the urgency of used recovery PET, the perhaps application of the polymer coating of injection moulding in pit barring.
British patent specification the 1st, 382 relates to fixing anchor bar in blind hole No. 054, has disclosed a kind of anchor pole to be fixed on the method in the hole, and this method is included in an end of anchor pole and adds a sleeve.According to its manual, this sleeve can be formed by timber or hardenable compositions, and said hardenable compositions comprises the resin or the compo of for example filling.This sleeve also can be by the prefabricated shaping of plastics; Describe according to this manual; The suitable plastic that is applicable to this sleeve is: polyacetals or acetal resin; Polyamide (for example nylon acrylonitrile/butadiene/styrene copolymer), polyolefin or have any other polymer essential or required character.This manual has also disclosed and can an end of anchor pole have been inserted in the mould, pours elements for castable compositions into to form sleeve to this mould; When the preparation sleeve, said composition takes place to solidify and shrink.Yet this disclosed patent specification is not discussed the application of PET, uses the urgency of used recovery PET, the perhaps application of the polymer coating of injection moulding in pit barring.
Although these development have been arranged, still need partly by reclaiming the pit barring that polymer is processed after the use of PET and so on.The pit barring that also need have the polymeric material coating that forms through the method (for example injection moulding) beyond the cast.Also need a kind of pit barring, this holder part ground is formed by the thermoplastic polymer coating that is molded on the said support.
As a kind of unreinforced semi-crystalline state thermoplastic polyester, PET has splendid abrasion resistance, splendid hardness and rigidity, extraordinary creep resistance, low-friction coefficient, high flexural modulus and excellent size stability.Yet PET---particularly fusion and curing used recovery waste material afterwards again---can be highly brittle, not be suitable for some purposes.
People such as Li are at United States Patent (USP) the 6th, 583, relate to a kind of composite material of being made up of flyash and waste material PET in 217 B1 numbers.In a container, the waste material of fusion, the PET material of chemical modification are mixed with flyash mutually, fly ash grain is dispersed in the PET material of fusion.Cool off the mixture of gained then, make the PET material cured of fusion form a kind of composite material, this composite material comprises the matrix that contains PET, and is dispersed in the dispersate that comprises fly ash grain in this matrix.
Need a kind ofly can overcome the resin-encapsulated capsule and mix bad and broken bad mining bolt system.Specifically, need a kind of compound mining bolt system, this system can support ten tons load, and amount of deflection is less than 1/2 inch when 12 inches anchorage length.
In addition, although had known composite material, need relatively be difficult for becoming fragile the PET material that substitutes.More particularly, need be fit to be used for being coated with the PET material of the metal that applies to harsh mechanical condition application.The composite material that also need form by cement and cycle P ET, and preparation method thereof.
The invention summary
The present invention relates to a kind of mining bolt system of compound grouting, this system comprises first core with first proportion, is positioned at second peripheral part with second proportion on said first core, and the slurry adjacent with second peripheral part.Said second proportion is significantly less than first proportion, and the maximum ga(u)ge of second peripheral part is at least 1 millimeter, and the maximum ga(u)ge of slurry is about the 0.5-6 millimeter.In some embodiments, the maximum ga(u)ge of slurry is not more than about 3 millimeters.Second proportion is reducible reducible greater than 6.0 less than 3.0, the first proportions.Can also be that second proportion is reducible greater than 7.0 less than 3.0, the first proportions approximately.The maximum ga(u)ge of second peripheral part can be at least 2 millimeters, is at least 3 millimeters or be at least 4 millimeters.In some embodiments; The maximum ga(u)ge of second peripheral part can be at least 2 millimeters and be no more than 6 millimeters; Perhaps the maximum ga(u)ge of second peripheral part can be at least 3 millimeters and be no more than 6 millimeters, and perhaps the maximum ga(u)ge of second peripheral part can be at least 3 millimeters and be no more than 5 millimeters.
First core of said compound mining bolt can be formed by metal, and second peripheral part can be formed by polymer.Said metal can be a steel, and said polymer can be to gather (PETP).Polymer also can comprise polyvinyl and/or mineral filler.Perhaps this polymer can be polymethyl methacrylate and/or Merlon.Said second peripheral part also can be by polyvinyl, polypropylene, and other polymer of acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene (ABS) and nylon and so on form.
In one embodiment, second peripheral part can be formed by the optional polymer that comprises mineral filler, and said polymer is selected from and gathers (PETP); Polyvinyl, polymethyl methacrylate, Merlon; Polypropylene, acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene (ABS), nylon; Gather (vinyl chloride), aromatic polyamides, and composition thereof.
In another embodiment, said first core is processed by glass fiber.
Said second peripheral part can comprise polymer and filler.For example, second peripheral part can comprise cement.Available filler comprises silica, limestone, cement and flyash.
Said first core can be positioned at around the longitudinal axis, and second peripheral part can be uneven along the thickness of the longitudinal axis.For example, first core can comprise first end and second free end that has anchor head (head) on it, the thickness of second peripheral part from first end to second end gradually change (taper).Second peripheral part also can be greater than near the thickness the anchor head end near the thickness the free end.
In some embodiments, second peripheral part can comprise screw thread (thread), and the thickness of second peripheral part at the screw thread place can be maximum.
The thermal conductivity of second peripheral part can be less than first core.In addition, the shear strength of second peripheral part can be at least 4000psi, is at least 5000psi, or is at least 6000psi.
Big at least two one magnitude of maximum ga(u)ge of comparable second peripheral part of maximum radial thickness of first core, perhaps big at least 1.5 one magnitude.
The maximum ga(u)ge of second peripheral part can be at least 1/10th of the first core maximum ga(u)ge, and perhaps 1/5.
Said second peripheral part can have texture (texturing).First core can have external texture, and second peripheral part can be followed this texture at least in part.
First core and second peripheral part of compound mining bolt can have certain shape and size, make compound mining bolt under 12 inches anchorage length, can support ten tons load, and amount of deflection are less than 1/2 inch.
The invention still further relates to a kind of compound mining bolt, it comprises: elongated metal parts; Be positioned at the external polymer layer that maximum ga(u)ge on these parts is at least 1 millimeter; Said parts have certain structure and size with layer, make and close mining bolt under 12 inches anchorage length, can support ten tons load, and amount of deflection are less than 1/2 inch.
In addition, the present invention relates to a kind of compound mining bolt, it comprises: elongated metal parts; Be positioned at the external polymer layer that maximum ga(u)ge on these parts is at least 1 millimeter; This external polymer layer gathers (PETP) by comprising and poly mixture forms; Said parts have certain structure and size with layer, make and close mining bolt under 12 inches anchorage length, can support ten tons load, and amount of deflection are less than 1/2 inch.In some embodiments, this mixture can comprise and is no more than 5% polyvinyl.In other embodiment, this mixture can comprise and is no more than 15% polyvinyl.In other embodiment, this mixture can comprise and is no more than 25% polyvinyl.
In addition, the present invention relates to the mine roof support system, this system comprises: elongated metal parts; The first floor of first polymer; The second layer of second polymer between said parts and first floor.Said second polymer can be to gather (PETP), and said first polymer can be a mylar.
In addition; The present invention relates to a kind of method that supports the top, ore deposit; This method comprises: a kind of anchor pole is provided, and this anchor pole comprises first core with first proportion and is positioned at second peripheral part with second proportion in the said first, has outstanding inclined surface on second peripheral part; Second proportion significantly is lower than first proportion, and the maximum ga(u)ge of second peripheral part is at least 1 millimeter; Form boring on the top, ore deposit; Anchor pole is inserted in the boring; To the grouting of the anchor pole in holing, make anchor pole under 12 inches anchorage length, can support ten tons load, and amount of deflection is less than 1/2 inch.
In addition; The present invention relates to a kind of method that supports the top, ore deposit; This method comprises: a kind of anchor pole is provided, and this anchor pole comprises first core with first proportion and is positioned at second peripheral part with second proportion in the said first, has outstanding inclined surface on second peripheral part; Second proportion significantly is lower than first proportion, and the maximum ga(u)ge of second peripheral part is at least 1 millimeter; Form boring on the top, ore deposit with a blind end; The container that will comprise slurry inserts in this boring; Anchor pole is inserted in the boring; Pierce through this container with anchor pole, make slurries in container, discharge; This anchor pole of rotation in boring makes the slurries that discharge disperse to the blind end of boring through outstanding inclined surface.
The rotation of anchor pole may make the slurries frictional heat, and this frictional heat is enough to accelerate significantly the curing of slurries.In addition, in the anchor pole rotation, slurries also can mix and spread to the closed end of holing.
Outstanding inclined surface can form screw thread (threading), and this screw thread can be discontinuous.This screw thread can be discontinuous around the longitudinal axis of anchor pole also, wherein at least one screw thread, 180 ° of extend throughs only.In addition, screw thread can be discontinuous around the longitudinal axis of anchor pole also, and at least two screw threads have two ends separately.
The Breadth Maximum of anchor pole can be at least the Breadth Maximum of said container.Said container can have at least two at a distance from can, the Breadth Maximum of anchor pole can be at least the width of two compartments.Slurry can contact with the substantial portion of boring inwall.
Said container can be shredded.In an embodiment of this method, container is shredded, and makes the part of container chopping be in the position away from the boring inwall.In another embodiment of the present invention, container is made the part of container chopping be dispersed in the whole resin by basic chopping.In addition, container can be shredded basically, and the part that makes container shredded is evenly dispersed in the whole resin basically.Container can be shredded basically, makes the container part of chopping can not influence the anchoring strength of the anchor pole in the boring basically.
Said container can have two compartments, and wherein first compartment comprises unsaturated polyester resin and crosslinking agent, and second compartment comprises benzoylperoxide catalyst.In said two compartments at least one also comprises limestone.
In one embodiment, slurry solidifies in second at 10-30.In another embodiment, slurry solidified in 15 seconds to 1 minute.In another embodiment, slurry is being no more than curing in 10 minutes.
In addition, the invention still further relates to a kind of method that supports the top, ore deposit, this method comprises: form the boring of the end with a sealing on the top, ore deposit, this boring has the boring Breadth Maximum; The anchor pole that comprises first material with first proportion is provided; Apply this anchor pole with second material, make the wide difference of greatest axis of anchor pole be no more than 6 millimeters less than the boring Breadth Maximum with second proportion; Form outstanding inclined surface with second material; The container that will comprise slurry inserts in the boring; Anchor pole is inserted in the boring; Pierce through this container with anchor pole, make slurry in container, discharge; Make anchor pole rotation in boring, make the slurry that discharges disperse towards the closed end of boring through outstanding inclined surface.The anchor pole greatest axis is wide can be greater than the Breadth Maximum of boring.
The invention still further relates to a kind of method that forms mining bolt, this method comprises: the metal parts with flowable polymer coating center makes the maximum ga(u)ge of coating be at least 1 millimeter; Polymer is solidified on the central metal parts; On polymer, form texture.Said applying step can comprise dip-coating, injection moulding and/or forge hot.
The invention still further relates to a kind of compound mining bolt system, this system comprises: comprise the parts with the lower part: (1) has first core of first proportion, and (2) have second peripheral part of second proportion, and said second peripheral part is positioned in the first; Be used for keeping therein the socket container (receptacle) of the resin of certain volume; Said second proportion is significantly less than first proportion; Being dimensioned to when inserting these parts in this socket container of second peripheral part, it replaces the resin volume at least about 30%.
Being dimensioned to when inserting this parts in this socket container of second peripheral part, it replaces at least about 50%, or at least about 75% resin volume.
Said socket container can have the 3rd proportion, and second proportion can be littler by 20% than the 3rd proportion at least.The socket container can have the 3rd proportion, the little about 40-70% of comparable the 3rd proportion of second proportion.
In addition, the present invention relates to a kind of method that supports the top, ore deposit, this method comprises: forming diameter on the top, ore deposit is the hole of 0.75-1.25 inch; In the socket container patchhole that accommodates certain volume; To have in the parts patchhole of texture, these parts with texture comprise first core with first proportion and second peripheral part in the first that is positioned at second proportion, and said second proportion is less than first proportion; The veined parts of apparatus penetrate this socket container, and to discharge resin wherein, second peripheral part replaces the resin volume at least about 30%.
The diameter in this hole is about the 0.9-1.1 inch, and the diameter with parts of texture is about the 0.6-0.7 inch.Said hole can be designed to certain size with the parts with texture, makes that gap maximum between them was not more than 0.125 inch when the parts patchhole that will have texture was interior.
This method also can comprise: in the socket container, be hinged (articulating) this have the parts of texture, to shred this socket container.This method also can comprise in the socket container and to be hinged that this has the parts of texture, with hybrid resin.This method also can comprise: make resin solidification, thereby the parts that will have texture are fixed in the hole.
The present invention relates to a kind of pit barring, this support comprises elongated metal parts and is formed at the coating that used circulation gathers (PETP) that comprises on these parts.This coating can be the coating of injection moulding.In some embodiments, this coating can comprise that thickness is at least about the first floor that 0.1 millimeter, degree of crystallinity are about 16-30%, comprises randomly that also thickness is at least about the second layer that 0.1 millimeter, degree of crystallinity are about 6-14%.This first floor or the second layer can contact with elongated metal parts.The thickness of first floor also can be at least about 1.0 millimeters, and the thickness of the second layer can be at least about 0.2 millimeter.This coating can comprise that also thickness is at least about 0.1 millimeter, degree of crystallinity and is about the 3rd layer of 6-14%, and first floor is between the second layer and the 3rd layer.In other embodiments, the thickness of first floor can be at least about 0.1 millimeter, and degree of crystallinity is about 16-28%; The thickness of the second layer can be at least about 0.1 millimeter; Degree of crystallinity is about 8-12%, and the 3rd layer thickness can be at least about 0.1 millimeter, and degree of crystallinity is about 8-12%.In another embodiment, the thickness of first floor can be at least about 0.1 millimeter, and degree of crystallinity is about 16-26%; The thickness of the second layer can be at least about 0.1 millimeter; Degree of crystallinity is about 8-12%, and the 3rd layer thickness can be at least about 0.1 millimeter, and degree of crystallinity is about 8-12%.
This coating also can comprise second polymer that gathers (PETP) that is insoluble to use back recycling basically.Said second polymer can be that glass transition temperature is less than about 20 ℃ or be less than about 0 ℃ polymer.In addition, this second polymer can be the polyolefin of polyvinyl or polypropylene and so on, is benchmark in the weight of polymer in the coating, and this coating can comprise at least 80% gather (PETP).
The invention still further relates to a kind of pit barring, this support comprises elongated metal parts and the coating that comprises the thermoplastic that uses back recycling that is positioned on these parts.This thermoplastic can be to use the Merlon that gathers (PETP) or use back recycling of back recycling, and said coating can be the coating of injection moulding.Weight in polymer in the coating is benchmark, and this coating also can comprise the metal that is equal to or less than 1 weight %, and this metal can be an aluminium.Thermoplastic also can comprise glass transition temperature and be less than about 20 ℃ or be less than about 0 ℃ second polymer.In some embodiments, thermoplastic also can comprise second polymer, and this polymer can be the polyolefin of polyvinyl or polypropylene and so on, is benchmark in the weight of polymer in the coating, and this coating can comprise at least 80% Merlon.The inherent viscosity of this first polymer can be at least about 0.35dL/g, is no more than about 0.75dL/g.
In addition, the present invention relates to a kind of mine roof support, this support comprises elongated metal parts and is positioned at the coating on these parts that this coating comprises the heterogeneous mixture of first and second polymer phases that use back recycling.Said first polymer phase can be to gather (PETP), and second polymer phase can be that glass transition temperature is approximately less than 20 ℃ or approximately less than 0 ℃ polymer.Second polymer phase can be the polyolefin of polyvinyl or polypropylene and so on, is benchmark in the weight of polymer in the coating, and this coating can comprise at least 80% gather (PETP).In other embodiments, first polymer phase can be a Merlon, and second polymer phase can be a polymethyl methacrylate.In the polymer weight in the coating is benchmark, and this coating also can comprise and is approximately equal to or less than 1% metal, and this metal can be an aluminium.In some embodiments, said first polymer phase can be a Merlon, and second polymer phase can be that glass transition temperature is less than about 20 ℃ or be less than about 0 ℃ polymer.In other embodiments, said first polymer phase can comprise PEN.
In some embodiments, the invention still further relates to a kind of mine roof support, this support comprises elongated metal parts and at least in part by gathering the coating that (PETP) forms.This coating is positioned on these parts, comprises that thickness is at least about 0.1 millimeter, degree of crystallinity and is at least about 30% first floor.This coating can comprise that also thickness is at least about 0.1 millimeter, degree of crystallinity and is approximately equal to or less than 28% the second layer.In an illustrative embodiments, the second layer contacts with elongated metal parts.In another illustrative embodiments, first floor contacts with elongated metal parts.The thickness of said first floor can be at least about 1.0 millimeters, and the thickness of the second layer can be at least about 0.2 millimeter.This coating can comprise that also thickness is at least about 0.1 millimeter, degree of crystallinity and is approximately equal to or less than 28% the 3rd layer, and said first floor is between the second layer and the 3rd layer.This coating can be formed by new gathering (PETP) basically, and perhaps this coating can be formed by used gathering (PETP) basically.
The invention still further relates to a kind of mine roof support, this support comprises elongated metal parts and is positioned at the coating on these parts.This coating is formed by immiscible basically first polymer and second polymer at least in part.In one embodiment, said first polymer can be to gather (PETP), and in another embodiment, first polymer can be a Merlon, can randomly be used Merlon.Said second polymer can be that glass transition temperature is less than about 20 ℃ or be less than about 0 ℃ polymer.Second polymer can be the polyolefin of polyvinyl or polypropylene and so on, is benchmark in the weight of polymer in the coating, and this coating can comprise at least 80% the Merlon that gathers (PETP) or at least 80%.Weight in polymer in the coating is benchmark, and this coating also can randomly comprise and is approximately equal to or less than 1% metal, and this metal can be an aluminium.
The invention still further relates to a kind of mine roof support, this support comprises elongated metal parts and is positioned at the coating on these parts.This coating is formed by the heterogeneous mixture of first polymer phase and second polymer phase.In one embodiment, said first polymer phase can be to gather (PETP), and in another embodiment, first polymer phase can be a Merlon, can randomly be used Merlon.Said second polymer phase can be that glass transition temperature is less than about 20 ℃ or be less than about 0 ℃ polymer.Second polymer phase can be the polyolefin of polyvinyl or polypropylene and so on, is benchmark in the weight of polymer in the coating, and this coating can comprise at least 80% the Merlon that gathers (PETP) or at least 80%.Weight in polymer in the coating is benchmark, and this coating also can randomly comprise and is approximately equal to or less than 1% metal, and this metal can be an aluminium.
In another embodiment, the present invention relates to a kind of elongated metal parts and be positioned at the coating on these parts.This coating can have first polymer to form, and the inherent viscosity of this first polymer is at least about 0.35dL/g, is not more than about 0.75dL/g, and this first polymer comprises and gathers (PETP).This coating also can comprise second polymer, is benchmark in the weight of polymer in the coating, and this coating can comprise at least 80% gather (PETP).This coating also can be formed by second polymer, and first polymer and second polymer do not dissolve each other.Said first polymer and second polymer can form filamentary structure, banded structure and/or pilotaxitic texture on parts.
The invention still further relates to a kind of method that forms mine roof support, this method comprises: elongated metal parts is inserted in the mould, and the external surface of these parts has first temperature; Polymer is injected in the mould, and the inner surface of mould has second temperature that is different from first temperature; Form the adjacent polymer first semi-crystal film of external surface with parts; The first essentially amorphous layer of the polymer that formation links to each other with the inner surface of mould.In some preferred implementations, the degree of crystallinity of the said first semi-crystal layer is about 16-30%, and the degree of crystallinity of the first essentially amorphous layer is about 6-14%.In other embodiments, the degree of crystallinity of the said first semi-crystal layer is reducible greater than 30%, and the degree of crystallinity of the said first essentially amorphous layer is reducible less than 28%.The thickness of the first semi-crystal layer can be at least about 0.1 millimeter, and the thickness of the first essentially amorphous layer can be at least about 0.1 millimeter.Said polymer can partly comprise at least: (PETP) and poly heterogeneous mixture are gathered in (1); (2) gather (PETP) and polyacrylic heterogeneous mixture; (3) Merlon and poly heterogeneous mixture, or (4) Merlon and polyacrylic heterogeneous mixture.This polymer can comprise immiscible basically first polymer phase and second polymer phase.In some embodiments, this polymer can comprise PEN.
This method also can be included in and form filamentary structure, banded structure and/or pilotaxitic texture on the parts.Said first temperature can be lower than second temperature.Said first temperature can be higher 50 ℃ than second temperature at least, 100 ℃ or 200 ℃.This polymer can comprise: (1) has first polymer of first melt flow rate (MFR) and second polymer that (2) have second melt flow rate (MFR), and under about 270 ℃, second melt flow rate (MFR) is at least about littler by 10% than first melt flow rate (MFR).This polymer also can comprise first polymer phase and second polymer phase, and wherein the glass transition temperature of at least one phase is less than about 20 ℃, or is less than about 0 ℃.Said first polymer phase and second polymer phase can be immiscible basically.
Can before elongated metal parts being put into mould, heat this metal parts.First temperature can be at least about 50 ℃, and second temperature can be at least than low 50 ℃ approximately of first temperature.
The invention still further relates to a kind of mining bolt, this anchor pole comprises metal parts and is positioned at the coating on the said parts that this coating is by ethylene glycol and two kinds of binary acid (diabasic acid).Said binary acid can be terephthalic acid (TPA) and M-phthalic acid.
In addition, the present invention relates to the PET of malleableize.More particularly, the present invention relates to the composite material that the PET by cement and recycling forms, and preparation method thereof.Therefore, the present invention relates to a kind of composite material, this material comprises the matrix that contains PET and is dispersed in the cement granules in the matrix.In some embodiments, this matrix comprises the not polyethylene terephthalate materials of chemical modification.Said cement granules can comprise following material or (mainly) is made up of Portland cement, and said Portland cement can be Portland I type cement basically or be Portland II type cement basically.Cement granules can account for 50 weight % of composite material or still less.Perhaps cement granules can account for 40 weight % of composite material or still less.In some embodiments, cement granules can account for 30 weight % of composite material or still less, and in other embodiments, cement granules can account for 20 weight % of composite material or still less.In some embodiments, cement granules can account for 15 weight % of composite material or still less.
In some embodiments, cement granules can account for the 5-15 weight % of composite material, and in other embodiments, cement granules can account for the 5-10 weight % of composite material.The particle mean size of said cement granules can be no more than about 100 microns.
The accompanying drawing summary
Disclosed preferable feature of the present invention in the accompanying drawings, in the drawings:
Fig. 1 is the lateral view of first embodiment of the mining bolt that applies;
Fig. 2 is the lateral view of second embodiment of the mining bolt that applies;
Fig. 2 A is the lateral view of first illustrative embodiments of second peripheral part with mining bolt shown in Figure 2 of uneven gauge;
Fig. 2 B is the lateral view of second illustrative embodiments of second peripheral part with mining bolt shown in Figure 2 of uneven gauge;
Fig. 2 C is the lateral view of the 3rd illustrative embodiments of second peripheral part with mining bolt shown in Figure 2 of uneven gauge;
Fig. 2 D is the lateral view of the 4th illustrative embodiments of second peripheral part with mining bolt shown in Figure 2 of uneven gauge;
Fig. 2 E is near the side cross-sectional view in exemplary end of mining bolt of Fig. 2;
Fig. 2 F is near another side cross-sectional view of exemplary end of mining bolt of Fig. 2;
Fig. 2 G is near another side cross-sectional view of exemplary end of mining bolt of Fig. 2;
Fig. 2 H is the vertical view of first embodiment of an exemplary end of Fig. 2 mining bolt;
Fig. 2 I is the vertical view of second embodiment of an exemplary end of Fig. 2 mining bolt;
Fig. 3 is the variation relation figure that has applied active force and anchor head displacement in the mining bolt of dip-coating of PET-aramid fiber;
Fig. 4 is the variation relation figure with active force and anchor head displacement in the mining bolt of the dip-coating of PET-sand coating;
Fig. 5 is the variation relation figure with active force and anchor head displacement in the mining bolt of the injection moulding coating of PET-cement coating;
Fig. 5 A is the partial cross section lateral view of the anchor pole of Fig. 1 or Fig. 2;
Fig. 6 shows the exemplary scan electron micrograph with the 640 times of amplifications in surface of the polyolefin injection moulding of the PET of about 90 weight % and about 10 weight %;
Fig. 7 shows the exemplary photo that another amplifies with the surperficial low power of the polyolefin injection moulding of the PET of about 90 weight % and about 10 weight %;
Fig. 8 be on the external surface of the PET coating that forms by transparent PET thin slice hot-fluid (milliwatt) in time (minute) variation relation figure;
Fig. 9 is at the middle part of the PET coating that is formed by transparent PET thin slice, hot-fluid (milliwatt) in time (minute) variation relation figure;
Figure 10 be on the external surface of the PET coating that forms of the PET thin slice by colour hot-fluid (milliwatt) in time (minute) variation relation figure;
Figure 11 is the middle part of the PET coating that forms at the PET thin slice by colour, hot-fluid (milliwatt) in time (minute) variation relation figure;
Figure 12 be by hot-fluid (milliwatt) on the external surface of amber/PET coating that brown PET thin slice forms in time (minute) variation relation figure;
Figure 13 is at the middle part by amber/PET coating that brown PET thin slice forms, hot-fluid (milliwatt) in time (minute) variation relation figure;
Figure 14 is at the lateral view of the illustrative methods of the injection moulding polymer adjacent with first central module according to the present invention;
Figure 15 is at the lateral view of another illustrative methods of the injection moulding polymer adjacent with first central module according to the present invention;
Figure 16 is the sketch map of the exemplary mining bolt method of molding of Vertical loading used according to the invention;
Figure 17 is the sketch map of the exemplary mining bolt method of molding of level loading used according to the invention;
Figure 18 A is the lateral view of mould platen (mold platen) used according to the invention;
Figure 18 B is the insert that the mould platen with Figure 18 A uses;
Figure 18 C shows the position of the pin of the insert that the mould platen with Figure 18 A uses.
The detailed description of preferred implementation
Refer now to Fig. 1, shown among the figure that be used for ore deposit top reinforces, is the exemplary mining bolt 10 that is used for fixing at rock specifically according to the present invention.Mining bolt 10 comprises first end 12 and the second end 14.Be provided with the anchor head 16 of (shoulder) 18 that have shoulder at 12 places, neighbour end.First core 20 extends between end 12,14, has first proportion.In a preferred illustrative embodiments, first core 20 is formed by steel.In another embodiment, first core 20 is formed by glass fiber.On first core between the end 12,14, be provided with second peripheral part 22 with second proportion.Although in Fig. 1, specifically do not show, second peripheral part 22 can extend to one or more shoulders 18 and end 12,14 of mining bolt 10 fully.
In a preferred illustrative embodiments, second peripheral part 22 is formed by polymer, more preferably (PET) forms by gathering (PETP).In other embodiment, second peripheral part 22 is formed by polymer, optionally comprises mineral filler, and said polymer is selected from PET; Polyvinyl, polymethyl methacrylate, Merlon, polypropylene; Acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene (ABS), nylon gathers (vinyl chloride); Aromatic polyamides, polybutylene terephthalate (PBT), PEN (PEN) and composition thereof.For example, can use the mixture of PET and PEN.Filler can be selected from for example silica, limestone, cement of Portland cement and so on and flyash.In some embodiments, can use the filler of small metal particles and so on, for example alumina particles or steel particles.The size of these particles can reach about 1/16 inch Breadth Maximum.Can use the intensity of filler increase coating, improve the modulus of elasticity of coating.In another embodiment, can with housing construction with " plaster " materials similar be used for mine wall or the material of the sprayed mortar in tunnel as second peripheral part 22.For example, cement second peripheral part can be by cement, limestone sand, and the mixture of water and/or fiber forms.
Second peripheral part 22 can be formed by straight chain polymer, branch polymer, network polymers, thermosetting polymer, chemosetting polymer, thermoplastic polymer, amorphous polymer, semi-crystal polymer, copolymer and/or polymeric blends." thermosetting " polymer is defined as and can the polymer of (three-dimensional) polymerization for example further takes place through the polymer of heat hardening when heating.For example, phenoplasts are thermosets.Thermosetting polymer is normally insoluble in cure states." chemosetting " polymer is defined as through reaction or deposition cured polymer, and this curing normally takes place between two kinds that mix or more kinds of independently material (for example monomer, crosslinking agent and initator).Epoxy resin is a kind of chemosetting polymer, this polymer cure or be frozen into a kind of form, and this form can tolerate the temperature up to the polymer unwinds temperature.But the chemosetting polymer often is described as curtain coating or pourable." thermoplasticity " polymer is defined as along with temperature rising meeting deliquescing, can moulding thereby become, and when cooling the polymer of underhardening again.The thermoplastic polymer of PET and so on has melt temperature or condensing temperature, has solvent usually.In the preferred illustrative embodiments of the present invention, second peripheral part 22 is mainly formed by thermoplastic polymer.When describing polymer, in this article, the material of the non-long-range order of " amorphous " expression atomic structure, this unbodied character can prove through near the significant peak this point polymer crystallization temperature among for example differential scanning calorimetric (DSC) figure.When describing polymer, in this article, " semi-crystal " expression has partly-is derived from order the material of structure, and this structure can not prove through almost having the peak or do not have the peak fully near the polymer crystallization temperature during for example DSC schemes.
In some embodiments of the present invention, can the reflection component be dispensed into or add in the polymer coating of central anchor rod unit through additive method, to improve the observability of final anchor pole, the observability in the dark zone in mine particularly.For example, can the glass bead that can transmit light (being also referred to as microsphere or microsphere lens) be added in the coating.Said glass microspheres can be a hollow.Also can add reflecting layer, make that it reflects the surface through microsphere, reflected back light source when irradiate light to microsphere the time (for example each microsphere half the on) on the part.
Said reflection component can be mixed with the solid polymer feed material, perhaps can with the lip-deep Mixing of Polymer Melt of waiting to be injected into anchor pole.Perhaps even can be distributed in one or more mold cavities, make the surface of anchor pole to apply than the component that preferentially is reflected away from the coating surfaces zone with reflection component spraying or through additive method.Can carry out chemical treatment to the reflection group with organo-chromium compound, silane, titanate esters, zirconate, fluorohydrocarbon etc.
In some embodiments, the reflection components contents of glass microspheres and so on can be at least about 10 volume % in the polymer coating on the mining bolt central module, is at least about 20 volume %, or is at least about 30 volume %.
Said reflection component also can be the form of ceramic microspheres, for example globule.In this article; " pottery " is represented a kind of inorganic material; It can be a crystal (for pottery, be meant to have fully regular atomic structure, can produce the material of X ray characteristic diffraction peak) or unbodied (for pottery; Represent the non-long-range order of atomic structure, do not have the material of X ray characteristic diffraction peak).Amorphous pottery is more well-known, for example glass.
Be used for reflection component of the present invention and comprise people such as Purgett at United States Patent (USP) the 6th, 451,874 B1 numbers (transfer the component of describing among the 3M Innovative Properties Company (St.Paul, MN)), this patent reference is incorporated among this paper.Can be used for other materials of the present invention and comprise prismatic light reflection plastic.In some embodiments of the present invention, the mining bolt of coating can comprise 3M Scotchlite retroreflective material.
The non-limitative example that expection can be used for the filler of polymer coating of the present invention is the electrostatic dissipation fiber; Ceramic microspheres, the hollow polymer microsphere body (for example can be from Akzo Nobel, Duluth; Ga. the microsphere of the commodity of buying EXPANCEL 551 DE by name); And hollow glass microspheres used (for example from Minnesota Mining andManufacturing Co., the microsphere of the commodity that St Paul, Minn. buy K37 by name).But the suitable material of other cremasteric reflex character comprises mica and sand that granularity is suitable.
The present invention also considers in mining bolt polymer coating of the present invention, to use pigment, extender, thinner, plasticizing agent, levelling agent and surfactant.Can randomly comprise fluorescent components in the polymer coating of mining bolt of the present invention.
In preferred illustrative embodiments, the texture 24 of thread forms is provided on anchor pole 10.Preferably, this first core also comprises external texture, and texture of second peripheral part is consistent at least in part on it.For example, in dip coating, they will meet, and they will partly be consistent in injection moulding.As shown in Figure 1, texture 24 forms through discontinuous screw thread, for example referring to paired threaded portion 26,28.If for example use two half modules with polymer molding on first core 20, can have parting line along axis 30.Therefore the texture 24 around the anchor pole longitudinal axis is discontinuous.In a preferred illustrative embodiment, at least one in the threaded portion 26,28 only extends through 180 °.In another preferred illustrative embodiments, in the said threaded portion 26,28 the two has two end points separately at least.
Referring to Fig. 2, shown among the figure to be used for another exemplary mining bolt 40 that the top, ore deposit reinforces according to the present invention.Similar with mining bolt 10, this mining bolt 40 comprises first end 42 and the second end 44.Be provided with anchor head 46 with shoulder 48 at 42 places, neighbour end.First core 50 extends between end 42,44, has first proportion.In a preferred illustrative embodiments, first core 50 is formed by steel.In another embodiment, first core 50 is formed by glass fiber.On first core between the end 42,44, be provided with second peripheral part 52 with second proportion.In a preferred illustrative embodiments, texture 54 is provided on anchor pole 40 with the form of screw thread.Preferably, first core 50 also comprises external texture, and second peripheral part 52 on it is consistent with it at least in part.For example, for example, in dip coating, they will be loaded, and they will partly be consistent in injection moulding.As shown in Figure 2, texture 54 can be formed by continuous screw thread 56.Although specifically do not show among Fig. 2, second peripheral part 52 can extend to one or more shoulders 48 and end 42,44 of mining bolt 40 fully.Second peripheral part 22 that is used for mentioned above also can be used for second peripheral part 52 similarly.
In each illustrative embodiments of Fig. 1 and Fig. 2, second peripheral part 22,52 can randomly have uneven thickness respectively along axle 30,60.Second peripheral part 22; 52 thickness respectively can be randomly changes to second end from first end of anchor pole; In the case, free-ended thickness is preferably greater than near the thickness the anchor head, thereby forms gradient slightly; When the anchor pole head was applied active force, this gradient can play the effect of mechanical keys.In some embodiments, the thickness of second peripheral part can be maximum in the position near texture (for example screw thread).
The embodiment of the mine roof support of Fig. 1 and Fig. 2 can randomly change, and makes that the form with discontinuous coating comprises uneven thickness on the support longitudinal length, for example is used to provide bending point.As shown in Figure 2, one or more regional A can be provided on mining bolt 40 1, A 2, A 3, coating does not extend around anchor pole fully in these zones.Specifically, at one or more regional A 1, A 2, A 3In, second peripheral part 52 can be following situation: (1) is at one or more regional A 1, A 2, A 3In, do not have second peripheral part 52 fully, (2) only around the part of the longitudinal axis 60 extend through anchor poles 40, (3) even with the non-threaded part of second peripheral part 52 than also being remarkable attenuation, (4) are at one or more regional A 1, A 2, A 3Gradually change, perhaps (5) are around the longitudinal axis 60, anchor pole 40 one or more regional A on every side 1, A 2, A 3In a plurality of positions in each zone be discontinuous.In one embodiment, coating is at one or more regional A 1, A 2, A 3In about 180 ° of extend through anchor pole 40 only.Therefore, compare with other zone of second peripheral part 52, can be at one or more regional A 1, A 2, A 3The middle volume that reduces coating.For example, shown in Fig. 2 A, at one or more regional A 1, A 2, A 3In do not have coating 52 fully, in Fig. 2 B-2D, at one or more regional A 1, A 2, A 3In partly lack coating 52, thereby form coating 52 bridges or the window that exposes first core 50 through coating.Has the one or more regional A that part lacks or lack fully coating 52 in order to prepare 1, A 2, A 3Anchor pole 40, can carry out suitable moulding to anchor pole 40, perhaps can be after moulding through rotating blade or remelting and through specific coating area 52 being applied enough heats with one or more regional A 1, A 2, A 3Interior coating layer portion 52 is removed.
For example, if 4 feet long mining bolts 40 are packed in the boring on ore deposit top, then must there be at least 4 feet space on the top, ore deposit down, is used for inserting anchor pole 40.If 4 feet of space less thaies, then must be at first in the centre of anchor pole 40 ends with its bending so that the part of anchor pole is aimed at boring, partly insert in the boring then.Then can crooked once more anchor pole, make it near initial straight shape, thereby part that will be last insert hole in.In order to promote this bending, the regional A of isolation can be provided along the longitudinal axis 60 1, A 2, A 3As bending point.In an illustrative embodiments, near end 44 half length of back at least one regional A is provided along mining bolt 1, A 2, A 3Preferably, in about 1/4 length regional A is provided near the mining bolt of end 44 3, help bending so that the lever arm with equivalent length to be provided.The miner that this anchor pole is installed can carry out this bending with hand.
Because the tolerance (tolerance) of reinforcing bar (being preferred for the material of first core 50) is pine (loose) very usually, can be at the one or more regional A of second peripheral part 52 1, A 2, A 3The middle polymer foil that forms.This light coating is inevitably, and this is owing to be used for the size that second peripheral part 52 is injected into the mould on first core 50 preferably is enough in specified tolerances, to hold the reinforcing bar that all maybe sizes.
Second peripheral part 22,52 can stop before the one or more ends that arrive mining bolt 10,40 14,44 respectively shown in Fig. 1-2; Perhaps second peripheral part 22; 52 can randomly extend to one or more ends 14,44 of mining bolt 10,40 fully.According to the present invention, expect that various structures are all near end 14,44.Referring to Fig. 2 E, coating 52 does not extend to end 44 fully, and this coating 52 comprises circular edge 52a, and this edge helps mining bolt is inserted in the boring.Shown in Fig. 2 F, coating 52 extends to end 44 fully, also comprises circular edge or flange 52a, and this helps mining bolt is inserted in the boring.In preferred illustrative embodiments, end 44 can be put down fully, is beneficial to anchor pole and resin cartridge insertion boring the time, be used for supporting resin cartridge, perhaps can comprise one or more flat portions for this purpose.In Fig. 2 G, coating 52 is sealed the free end of first core 50, and comprising depression 44a, this depression can be depicted as the form of cup-shaped like Fig. 2 H, perhaps can be depicted as the groove-like form like Fig. 2 I.In some embodiments, depression 44a can be provided so that with anchor pole and resin cartridge insertion boring the time, help resin cartridge is bearing in end 44.Depression 44a (the for example cupping shown in Fig. 2 H) can help after moulding is accomplished, mining bolt to be taken out in die cavity at an easy rate because coating is shunk formation in the coating cooling procedure.
For the end 42,44 of the end that makes anchor pole 10 12,14 and anchor pole 40 does not contain second peripheral part 22,52 respectively, for example can in moulding process, make the edge of first core, 20,50 extend through mold cavities.
The present invention can adopt various rock-bolt lengths, comprises that length is about 36 inches, the anchor pole of 42 inches and 48 inches.Also can adopt other rock-bolt lengths known in the art.
Can on the mining bolt 10,40 that the present invention applies, mark be provided respectively, for example mark be provided at respectively on second peripheral part 22,52.Can in the time of molding portion 22,52, mark be molded on the mining bolt, perhaps can after moulding, mark be imprinted on the part 22,52, perhaps can mark be engraved on the part 22,52 through heating slightly.Suitable mark comprises ProductName or title, shows the manufacturer of product or mark or the title that purchaser, manufacturing information, the information that meets statutory regulation or patent are represented data.In order to sell, possibly comprise the mark of customer's title, common this mark can improve the work flow at manufacturing, transportation and end user place.Preferably, with respect to being formed on first core 20,50 that possibly formed by steel, this mark is included on second peripheral part 22,52 that is formed by polymer more easily.In addition, can provide mark to make the user confirm the length of anchor pole or the final use (for example being installed in the specific region of mine) of anchor pole expection more easily.In addition, the polymer coating on the anchor pole also can be used as colour code, and the certain situation of anchor pole is described, for example rock-bolt length, bolt diameter or anchor rod strength, so these marks can be colored forms.The moulding field is known, through using mould " insert ", can use the identical mould that will describe among this paper to change the mark that on different anchor poles, forms at an easy rate.
In preferred illustrative embodiments of the present invention, the thickness of second peripheral part 22,52 is about 1/16 inch to 3/4 inch.Better is that the thickness of second peripheral part 22,52 is about 0.1 inch to 0.5 inch.Near the thickness of the coating texture 24,54, threaded portion 26,28 and the continuous thread 56 can preferably be about the twice of adjacent with it coating layer thickness.
Described the further feature that can be used for each exemplary mining bolt 10,40 in the summary of the present invention in the above.
According to the present invention, can mining bolt 10,40 be installed in the top, ore deposit and be used to provide supporting.As indicated above; The exemplary method for optimizing on top, supporting ore deposit comprises: anchor pole 10,40 is provided, and this anchor pole comprises first core with first proportion; And be positioned at second peripheral part in the first with second proportion; Have outstanding inclined surface on this second peripheral part, said second proportion is significantly less than first proportion, and the maximum ga(u)ge of second peripheral part is at least 1 millimeter; In the top, ore deposit, form boring; Anchor pole is inserted boring; Anchor pole grouting in boring makes and respectively closes mining bolt 10,40 under 12 inches anchorage length, can support ten tons load, and the amount of deflection of anchor head 12,42 is less than 1/2 inch.
Another method according to the present invention is packed mine anchor pole 10,40 into the ore deposit top so that supporting to be provided according to the method that may further comprise the steps: anchor pole 10 is provided; 40; This anchor pole comprises first core with first proportion, and is positioned at second peripheral part with second proportion in the first, has outstanding inclined surface on this second peripheral part; Said second proportion is significantly less than first proportion, and the maximum ga(u)ge of second peripheral part is at least 1 millimeter; In the top, ore deposit, form the boring of end with a sealing; The container that will comprise slurry inserts boring; Anchor pole is inserted boring; Pierce through container with anchor pole, slurry is discharged from container; Make anchor pole rotation in boring, through of the closing end diffusion of the feasible slurry that discharges of outstanding inclined surface to boring.Outstanding inclined surface can be the form of Fig. 1 and described threaded portion of Fig. 2 or screw thread.The rotation of anchor pole 10,40 may make the slurries frictional heat, and this frictional heat is enough to accelerate significantly the curing of slurries.In addition, in the time of anchor pole 10,40 rotations, slurries also can mix and spread to the closed end of holing.
Another method according to the present invention, pack mine anchor pole 10,40 into the ore deposit top so that supporting to be provided according to the method that may further comprise the steps: form the boring of the end with a sealing on the top, ore deposit, this boring has the boring Breadth Maximum; The anchor pole 10,40 that comprises first material with first proportion is provided; Apply this anchor pole with second material, make the wide difference of greatest axis of anchor pole be no more than 6 millimeters less than the boring Breadth Maximum with second proportion; Form outstanding inclined surface with second material; The container that will comprise slurry inserts in the boring; Anchor pole is inserted in the boring; Pierce through this container with anchor pole, make slurry in container, discharge; Make anchor pole 10,40 rotation in boring, make the slurry that discharges disperse towards the closed end of boring through outstanding inclined surface.In an illustrative embodiments, the anchor pole Breadth Maximum can be greater than the Breadth Maximum of boring.
In the method with top, anchor pole 10,40 supporting ore deposits in another, this method may further comprise the steps: forming diameter on the top, ore deposit is the hole of 0.75-13/8 inch; In the socket container patchhole that accommodates certain volume; To have in parts 10,40 patchholes of texture, these parts with texture comprise first core with first proportion and second peripheral part in the first that is positioned at second proportion, and said second proportion is less than first proportion; The veined parts of apparatus penetrate this socket container, to discharge resin wherein, compare with the anchor pole that does not have second peripheral part 22,52, and second peripheral part replaces the resin volume at least about 30%.The resin volume is defined as the volume of the resin of filling the annular spaces between anchor pole and the jack.This method also can be included in the socket container and to be hinged that this has the parts 10,40 of texture, to shred this socket container.This method also can be included in the socket container and to be hinged that this has the parts of texture, with hybrid resin.This method also can comprise: make resin solidification, thereby the parts 10,40 that will have texture are fixed in the hole.
In above-mentioned each illustrative methods, can be with the container chopping that comprises slurry.At United States Patent (USP) the 3rd, 861, No. 522 and the 4th, 239, disclosed in No. 105 and be applicable to exemplary non-limiting container design of the present invention, these patents all are incorporated by reference into this paper.At United States Patent (USP) the 6th, 545, disclosed exemplary nonrestrictive grout composition in 068 B1 number, this patent also is incorporated by reference into this paper.
Can make anchor pole 10,40 through following method: apply the central metal parts with flowable polymer, make the maximum ga(u)ge of coating be at least 1 millimeter; Polymer is solidified on the central metal parts; On polymer, form texture.Said applying step can comprise dip-coating, injection moulding and/or forge hot.
About each anchor pole 10,40,, can under the prerequisite of weight reduction pro rata, increase the overall diameter of anchor pole through applying preferred low-density hard conating at mine roof support anchor pole external surface.Specifically, the quality of the coating per unit volume of the material of polymer and so on is significantly less than the quality of metal that is used for forming anchor pole of steel and so on.In addition, when recognizing that polymeric material is superior to the advantage of metal aspect weight, this Composite Bolt can be designed to certain size valuably, makes that the annular spaces between the rock of anchor pole and boring is littler, to improve the mixing of resin.
Preferably, the size of the package resin film of chopping reduced after this annular spaces size that reduces also can make and mix.
Better is, the proportion of coating is significantly less than the proportion of steel, preferably less than the proportion of resin slurry.In addition, preferably this coating can keep the surface texture of anchor pole basically, to promote in intrasystem mixing of less annular spaces and chopping.The thickness of this coating preferably is enough to make annular spaces between anchor pole coating and the boring less than 1/8 inch, is more preferably less than 1/16 inch.(thereby when the polymer that particularly is approximately equal to or less than 2.0 gram/cubic centimetres when coating by density forms) can alleviate the gross weight of mine anchor rod system significantly.In a preferred embodiment, coating density is little more about 20% than resin density approximately, and more preferably coating density is approximately than the little about 40-70% of density of resin.
In a preferred implementation, the shear strength of coating equates with the resin slurry of curing or is better, is about 4000-6000psi usually.Therefore, on the whole, (particularly when using PET recycling or new to form coating) this anchor pole can provide improved intensity/load performance.The PET of recycling can buy on market widely, particularly compares with resin with the steel that forms anchor pole, and the PET of recycling is very cheap.
Another preferred embodiment in, make coating thicker when preferably applying coating away from the end of anchor pole anchor head, thinner in end with anchor pole anchor head, to form slight gradient, when the anchor pole anchor head is applied load, can form mechanical keys.
Said coating also preferably has lower thermal conductivity, makes heat that the exothermic reaction of resin and catalyzer and solidifying fast produced to be absorbed quickly when using the uncoated anchor pole.
Preferably, the thickness of coating is about 1/6 inch to 1/4 inch.Preferably, can in coating, fill sand or limestone.The ability that sand improves intensity is superior to limestone, because the frictional property of limestone is much smaller than sand, limestone can be used as filler in resin system.The high frictional property of sand also makes it be difficult to use in automatic-packaging and pump that the resin-encapsulated producer uses always.Yet the filler that makes polymer coating form grit matter surface can promote to shred resin-encapsulated valuably.Can be combined in other fillers in the polymer coating and comprise that aluminium, paper, aramid fiber (kevlar) fiber, glass fiber, zeolite and other can improve the inertia or the active material of polymer strength.
For example because coating can suppress to get rusty, the anchor pole that applied can have higher corrosion resistance than the anchor pole of uncoated.
In a preferred illustrative embodiments, applied 5/8 inch the anchor pole that reinforcing bar is processed with PET, and in the hole of 1 inch of diameter, be in the milk.
Can use polymer-coated anchor pole through dip coating for example, in the method, with anchor pole along its length immersion fusion or other forms of non-solid polymer in, preferably be dipped into the anchor pole anchor head.
Preferably, texture is provided on anchor pole, the coating on the anchor pole is followed this texture, and making still has texture on the anchor pole that applied.In exemplary embodiment, this texture for example can be screw thread, check pattern or the irregular surface structure along rock-bolt length.
For example can be in injection moulding second peripheral part 22,52 processes, on anchor pole, add texture through the shape of the mold cavity of injection of polymer therein.Perhaps can be after injection moulding, through for example at first on first core 20,50, forming coating, then with anchor pole in certain pattern rolled, apply required texture.In one approach, do not carry out rolling when when second peripheral part 22,52 is still heated, (for example fully solidifying), and in additive method, after second peripheral part 22,52 has cured, carry out rolling with suitable pressure.According to the present invention in the preferred molding methods, second peripheral part 22,52 is preferably after being formed on the core 20,50 in about 30 seconds, solidify in preferred about 20 seconds at some.
Perhaps can bolt shaft be involved in polymer sheet or the tubing,, between them, form and combine then with polymer-bonded or be fused on the axle through additive method, thus on bolt shaft applying coating.
In addition, through polymer coating is provided, can shorten the length of resin cartridge valuably on anchor pole.Specifically, increase the diameter of mining bolt through using polymer coating, required resin cartridge volume can be reduced by at least 30%.Better is that through using polymer coating, required resin cartridge volume can be reduced by at least 50%, more preferably can be reduced by at least 75%.
The amount of the resin through the required perfusion of remarkable minimizing can significantly shorten resin cartridge length, thereby significantly reduces the crooked problem of tube.Crooked being similar to of tube is the quadratic function of tube length degree.Therefore, tube length degree minimizing 50% big appointment makes a buckling problem reduce to about 1/4.In other words, only need the required resin volume of 1/4 tube length degree just alternative 75%, rigidity has improved about 16 times.The problem of the rigidity of tube in the anchor pole installation process has been eliminated in this improvement effectively.
For example, a kind of mining used and maybe 5/8 inch anchor pole be inserted in the hole of 1 inch of diameter.The length of this anchor pole can be about 4 feet, 6 feet or 20 feet.If use 4 feet long anchor poles, bore 50 inches long holes usually.Extensible for example 40 inches of the resin cartridge that is used for the prior art of this hole and rock-bolt length.Under this length, tube becomes very soft, is difficult in the anchor pole patchhole.Simultaneously, when resin discharges in the ostium in its encapsulation and anchoring rod the time, very big resin length maybe be unmixed, the anchoring that is therefore provided is less than required degree.Through shortening required resin cartridge length, can avoid this problem.
Along with the resin volume that is substituted by polymer coating increases; Can obtain in the following areas to improve: the cost of anchor rod system, the minimizing of tube flexibility, the alleviating of anchor rod system weight; Improve the mixing of resin cartridge and tear increased intensity (amount of deflection under same load is less).In addition, through bigger frictional property is provided, through influencing the installation of anchor pole in rock, holing, skyhook quickly.Specifically, because when anchor pole original place when rotation in resin, frictional force makes and the temperature rising of resin makes resin to solidify quickly.The thermal conductivity that forms the polymer coating of second peripheral part 22,52 can be lower than the metal parts that forms first core 20,50, so less heat is absorbed the resin absorption around the more heat quilt by anchor pole.
Through testing the performance of measuring according to the mining bolt of coating of the present invention.In the Fig. 3 and first campaign shown in Figure 4; All mining bolts are carried out dip-coating; Process a kind of anchor pole, in this anchor pole, the polymer continuous thread maximum outside diameter on No. 5 60 grade reinforcing steels is about 0.90 inch; Effectively average diameter is about 0.80 inch, and effective average diameter of said No. 5 60 grade reinforcing steels is about 0.62 inch.No. 5 60 grade reinforcing steels that use uncoated are as reference.The anchor pole that applies among Fig. 3 applies with the PET that comprises about 10-15 weight % aramid fiber filler, and the anchor pole that applies among Fig. 4 applies with the PET that comprises 10-15 weight % sand filler.As shown in Figure 5; In the second series test, in mould, all mining bolts are carried out dip-coating, process a kind of anchor pole; In this anchor pole; Polymer continuous thread maximum outside diameter on No. 5 60 grade reinforcing steels is about 0.875 inch, and effectively average diameter is about 0. 78 inches, and effective average diameter of said No. 5 60 grade reinforcing steels is about 0.62 inch.Use the sample anchor pole that applies with the PET that comprises about 10-15 weight % cement filler,, the anchor pole of No. 5 60 grade reinforcing steels of uncoated, anchor pole that polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) applies and PET-coating is as reference.
All samples all are through anchor pole being inserted about 1.0625 inches of internal diameter, about 1.25 inches of external diameter, the interior preparation of steel boring that length is about 7 inches.One end of boring is used the steel closed with covers, and about 6 inches anchor pole grouting degree of depth is provided.The inside of this boring has screw thread, and consistent boundary strength is provided between resin slurry and drill hole wall.
To be used for all tests from the resin slurry of commercially available medium speed's resin of same case.After anchor pole is inserted boring fully, anchor pole was rotated 4 seconds with the rotating speed of 360RPM.Minimum waiting 10 minutes makes after resin solidifies fully, and anchor pole and boring are inserted waterpower tractive machine, and the amount of deflection of measuring the anchor pole anchor head is with the situation of change that is applied to the load on the anchor pole.Amount of deflection and active force and mapping under the electronical record.
Use the vernier caliper measurement maximum gauge, measure mean effective diameter with the displacement stereometry.
Referring to Fig. 3 and Fig. 4, shown the variation relation figure of active force (is unit with the ton) among the figure with anchor head displacement (inch), PET-aramid fiber mixture coating and PET-sand mixture coating have all significantly improved performance.
Referring to Fig. 5, shown the variation relation figure of active force (ton) among the figure with anchor head displacement (millimeter), PET-cement admixture coating has significantly improved performance.
As a reference, the mining bolt of grouting must enough 12 inches anchorings bear 20,000 pounds active force.
Anchor poles more according to the present invention can have polymer coating amorphous, semi-crystal, perhaps comprise amorphous simultaneously and the semi-crystal polymeric layer.In a preferred illustrative embodiments, can form the semi-crystal layer in metal parts external surface position adjacent with anchor pole, so that the high strength layer to be provided, with respect to unformed layer, this semi-crystal layer can improve the stickiness to metal parts.Also can be unformed layer being provided, so that the toughness that is higher than the semi-crystal layer to be provided away from the position of the metal parts external surface outermost surface of the anchor pole that applies (preferably).Thereby the coating that has intensity and durability simultaneously can be provided.This semi-crystal layer enbrittles under up to about 70 ℃ temperature usually, and unformed layer is ductile in this temperature range usually.
In a preferred illustrative embodiments; Degree of crystallinity near the polymer coating on the metal parts of the anchor pole outermost surface of final coating is lower than the degree of crystallinity near the coating of metal parts external surface, make have higher crystallinity, therefore more crisp material is away from the outermost surface of the final anchor pole that applies.In addition, hope to have the degree of crystallinity of increase at the layer adjacent with metal parts, this is because the tensile strength of this layer and modulus of elasticity are higher than the layer than low-crystallinity away from the outermost surface of the final anchor pole that applies.
In a preferred illustrative embodiment of the anchor pole that applies according to the present invention, apply the PET coating on elongated metal parts top at least, this coating comprises that degree of crystallinity is about the first floor of 16-30%.In a preferred illustrative embodiments, the thickness of this first floor is at least about 0.1 millimeter, is formed on the position of the metal parts external surface of contiguous said anchor pole.This PET coating can comprise randomly that degree of crystallinity is about the second layer of 6-14%.Preferably, the thickness of this second layer is at least about 0.1 millimeter.This second layer is preferably formed in the position away from the external surface of the metal parts of anchor pole, in preferred illustrative embodiments, can be formed on the outmost surface of the anchor pole of coating.
In another preferred illustrative embodiment of the anchor pole that applies according to the present invention, apply the PET coating on elongated metal parts top at least, this coating comprises that degree of crystallinity is about the first floor of 16-28%.In a preferred illustrative embodiments, the thickness of this first floor is at least about 0.1 millimeter, is formed on the position of the metal parts external surface of contiguous said anchor pole.This PET coating can comprise randomly that degree of crystallinity is about the second layer of 8-12%.Preferably, the thickness of this second layer is at least about 0.1 millimeter.This second layer is preferably formed in the position away from the external surface of the metal parts of anchor pole, in preferred illustrative embodiments, can be formed on the outmost surface of the anchor pole of coating.
In another preferred illustrative embodiment of the anchor pole that applies according to the present invention, apply the PET coating on elongated metal parts top at least, this coating comprises that degree of crystallinity is about the first floor of 16-26%.In a preferred illustrative embodiments, the thickness of this first floor is at least about 0.1 millimeter, is formed on the position of the metal parts external surface of contiguous said anchor pole.This PET coating can comprise randomly that degree of crystallinity is about the second layer of 8-12%.Preferably, the thickness of this second layer is at least about 0.1 millimeter.This second layer is preferably formed in the position away from the external surface of the metal parts of anchor pole, in preferred illustrative embodiments, can be formed on the outmost surface of the anchor pole of coating.
In another preferred illustrative embodiment of the anchor pole that applies according to the present invention, apply the PET coating on elongated metal parts top at least, this coating comprises that degree of crystallinity is at least about 30% first floor.In a preferred illustrative embodiments, the thickness of this first floor is at least about 0.1 millimeter, is formed on the position of the metal parts external surface of contiguous said anchor pole.This PET coating can comprise randomly that degree of crystallinity is approximately equal to or less than 28% the second layer.Preferably, the thickness of this second layer is at least about 0.1 millimeter.This second layer is preferably formed in the position away from the external surface of the metal parts of anchor pole, in preferred illustrative embodiments, can be formed on the outmost surface of the anchor pole of coating.The PET coating can comprise randomly that degree of crystallinity is at least about 30% or be approximately equal to or less than 28% the 3rd layer.Preferably, the 3rd layer thickness is at least about 0.1 millimeter, is formed on the outmost surface of the anchor pole of coating.
Therefore, coating can comprise degree of crystallinity be at least about 30% or degree of crystallinity be approximately equal to or less than 28% the layer that replaces.The external surface of anchor pole can with degree of crystallinity be at least about 30% or degree of crystallinity be approximately equal to or less than 28% replace the layer adjacent.In a preferred embodiment, the thickness of each coating can be at least 0.1 millimeter, is at least 0.2 millimeter or at least 1 millimeter.
In a kind of method for preparing the polymer-coated mining bolt of the present invention, the mould that forms mold cavity is carried out water-cooled but, make it have temperature T 1.The anchor metal that will have temperature T 2 inserts in this chamber.Under the temperature that is significantly higher than said temperature T 1, T2, polymer is poured in the chamber.For example shown in Fig. 5 A, anchor pole 10,40 for example comprises first core 20,50 that is formed by steel and second peripheral part 22,52 that is for example formed by PET.Through near the anchor metal and form near the cooling faster of the polymer the inwall of mold cavity, the final anchor pole that applies can have (1) first coating with first degree of crystallinity adjacent with the metal parts external surface (L for example 1Layer), (2) second coating with second degree of crystallinity adjacent (L for example with the outmost surface of the anchor pole that applies 2Layer), and the 3rd coating with the 3rd degree of crystallinity between (3) first floor and the second layer (for example L3 layer).Said first degree of crystallinity is less than the 3rd degree of crystallinity, and second degree of crystallinity is less than the 3rd degree of crystallinity.Exemplary area at second peripheral part 22,52 that is close to texture 26,28,56 has shown the layer with different crystallinity.
In the method for the polymer-coated mining bolt of another preparation the present invention, the mould that forms mold cavity is carried out water-cooled but, make it have temperature T 1.Through making it reach temperature T 2, and insert in this chamber to the anchor metal preheating or through additive method.Temperature T 2 is higher than temperature T 1.Cooling sooner through near the polymer the inwall that forms mold cavity; The final anchor pole that applies can have (1) first coating with first degree of crystallinity adjacent with the metal parts external surface; (2) with adjacent second coating with second degree of crystallinity of outmost surface of the anchor pole that applies, said first degree of crystallinity is greater than second degree of crystallinity.Preferably and since the polymer that injects can be before solidifying along preheating the length of anchor pole more easily flow, can promote the injection moulding of long anchor metal of injection moulding, particularly length.
Be known in the art that described in this article degree of crystallinity is according to ASTM D3417 and D3418 number said definition, use parallax scanning calorimetric (DSC) analysis (for example using DuPont 9900 TASs) to measure.The degree of crystallinity of PET is still with respect to the polymer of hypothesis 100% crystal, uses below with reference to fusion enthalpy (140.1 Jiao/gram) acquisition of document: for example referring to Mancini, and Sandro Donnini and Zanin; Maria; " Recyclability of PET from VirginResin, " Materials Research, the 2nd volume; The 1st phase (1999), the 33-38 page or leaf; With Advanced Thermal Analysis Laboratory, Table of properties of linearmacromolecules and small molecules, University of Tennessee, Knoxville.These publications comprise the ASTM standard, and the content that is disclosed is incorporated by reference into this paper.
The present invention has considered to use novel polymer and the polymer that uses back recycling simultaneously." newly " material is defined as the material of still undressed one-tenth consumption goods.Because recycled materials generally is easy to obtain, " using the back " form of present many polymer is easy to obtain." use back recycling " material is defined as the finished product that reaches its expection final use, surpasses its application life as consumer products, can fall as Solid Waste Treatment usually.For purposes of the present invention, " use back recycling " material comprises that these are in its material with reprocessed state, for example be in chopping or particle form." use back recycling " material also comprises reclaimed materials, for example is derived from the material of the product that reclaims from various sources arbitrarily.In addition; " use back recycling " material comprises producer's recycling but not is used for " grinding again ", " chip that scans out " substandard products material of its intended purposes on the ground, and the material that for example cleans out from manufacturing system in the cleaning course between the process of making batch of material.Be preferred for use of the present invention back material and comprise PET and Merlon.PET can use the form of back material to obtain, and for example can be obtained by the form of the carbonated drink bottle of processing with these materials.Specifically, because the form that Merlon can used compression laser disc (CD) obtains, therefore can be used as uses of the present invention material afterwards.CD is formed by the Merlon with aluminium lamination usually.For the Merlon that is used in the present invention on anchor pole, forming coating, be benchmark in polymer weight in this coating for example, this coating can be chosen wantonly to comprise and be approximately equal to or less than 1% metal, and this metal can be an aluminium.Also can with other polymer that are used for forming the anchor pole coating randomly with metal mixed, said metal can be thin slice, powder, paper tinsel or other form.
Being used for PET of the present invention can be formed by homopolymers and/or copolymer.The homopolymers of known PET is made up of ethylene glycol and terephthalic acid (TPA) repetitive, and known PET copolymer is made up of other monomer (for example interrupting the M-phthalic acid of polymer chain).The homopolymerization material has the highest fusing point and intensity property, and copolymeric material has lower fusing point, slower crystallization, and it has the transparency of raising in the application of higher wall thickness.Copolymeric material also has the melt flow property of the injection moulding of being more suitable for.
Preferably, by PET, when one or more bottles processed among nylon and the PEN were recycled, the material after the use comprised one or more labels that are applied to usually on the bottle when for example.These labels can be by having metal forming on it, the polyolefin film of preferred aluminium foil forms.Said polyolefin film can be for example proportion less than 1, and the polyvinyl or the polypropylene of dispersing binder above that.
Use the digital universal dish (DVD) of back recycling also to can be used to form second peripheral part 22,52.DVD is by Merlon, and the material of PMMA and so on and aluminium lamination and/or gold layer form.Also can use polylactide resin.
In some embodiments of the present invention, mine roof support comprises elongated metal parts and is positioned at the coating on these parts that this coating comprises the polyolefin that gathers (PETP) and about 2-10 weight % of recycling.Preferably, the combination of this material is pre-mixed and is being used for the recycled materials of this coating.
In addition, the polymer bottle cap can be included in and be used for forming in the recycled materials of mining bolt coating, and the polymer bottle cap can be formed as main material by polyvinyl or polypropylene.The ethane-acetic acid ethyenyl ester (EVA) that for example can be used as the bottle cap lining also can be used for coating.
The present invention also considers to use the PET variant that comprises the PEN copolymer and with (1) ethylene-vinyl alcohol (EVOH), (2) nylon, and the range upon range of PET of (3) barrier coat applies mining bolt.The coating that is formed by these materials can be derived from the material that these provide under recycling condition after the use.
Therefore, the recycling polymeric material of recycling PET and so on can provide many advantages that are superior to new PET.At first, owing to have polyolefin label and bottle cap in the material after use, polyolefin and PET are pre-mixed, and do not need independently mixing apparatus on the spot PET to be mixed with polyolefin and prepare coating.Owing to possibly need the material of mixing, only need to store a kind of material (material after the use), and do not need to store respectively PET and polyolefin.In PET, add polyolefin and all of a sudden can on the metal parts that forms mining bolt, produce harder coating.Secondly, had the filler of alumina particles and so in the material after use, this has certain function to preparing anchor pole attractive in appearance (anchor pole that for example has glittering or glossy outward appearance).The coating that also can make the reflecting material of aluminium and so on plays the effect of reflection, with the observability of raising anchor pole, thereby makes that the anchor pole that applied can be at the mine IT light that lack light usually.At last, because the price of the material after using can significantly be lower than raw material, the material of recycling forms coating and can practice thrift cost after using on the metal parts of mining bolt.
The recycling polymer can obtain with many kinds of forms after can be used for the use of PET of the present invention and so on.For example, use the polymer of back recycling can to obtain with the form of thin slice usually, this thin slice can be (to remove impurity) or dirty (unwashed) of cleaning.In addition, can use the versicolor polymer that uses back recycling.For example, amber/brown, transparent and/or green and so on color and use separately or be used in combination.
In some embodiments, the polymer of recycling after the use of substantially transparent is used for the anchor pole coating, this can be valuably be the external surface cremasteric reflex character of the anchor pole of accomplishing.After injection moulding, material transparent is changed, make it have translucent or opaque basically character.Use that the existing handling problem of recycling polymer is in the cooling coating after the transparent use, in coating, variable color can take place.For example, the refrigerating mode in the different piece of the anchor pole that applies can be different.The anchor pole of the coating that a part contacts with other surfaces cools off owing to this surface conduction taking place, and other parts that do not contact of coating are normally cooled off through convection current/forms of radiation.Because different methods for cooling makes that the cooldown rate of fixing is different, cause that change color takes place the difference owing to degree of crystallinity in the anchor pole.
Similarly be in theory; With the speed of surperficial adjacent " inboard " coating cooling of the parts that form coating above that maybe be slower than " outside " adjacent with the external surface of finished product anchor pole; Therefore because the coating interior section has more crystallization time, make degree of crystallinity higher.
In other embodiments, amber/brown polymer of back recycling that uses is used for coating.Preferably, this amber/brown material can make in the anchor pole that applies has the quite evenly coating of color.Specifically; Although brown/amber use in the back recycling polymer coating different coolings can take place; Therefore can produce zone, but for " bore hole ", the change color in these materials is so obvious not as recycling polymer after the transparent use with different crystallinity.
Expection can be with the coating of various polyolefin as the metal parts of mining bolt described herein, and these polyolefin comprise polyvinyl, polypropylene, polybutene and copolymer thereof.
To gather (PETP) coating possibly be very complicated to form anchor pole technically in injection moulding on metal parts, if all the more so when particularly very long the or PET coating of metal parts is very thin.Specifically, in the case polymer be difficult to along the whole length of anchor pole flow through fully anchor pole around.Under specific injection temperature and pressure, the molecular weight of PET has appreciable impact to the uniformity and the integrality of coating.Because the toughness of macromolecule PET resin, they often are preferred.But, because this resin flow character is difficult in and makes the continuous coated of macromolecule PET resin on the very long metal parts.Therefore, should form a kind of mining bolt, have the PET resinous coat that inherent viscosity is not more than about 0.75dL/g on the metal parts of this mining bolt.In a word, because inherent viscosity is relevant with the composition and the molecular weight of PET resin, be the mobile ordinary representation of PET, the PET resin that selectivity characteristic viscosity is not more than about 0.75dL/g can reach required flowability valuably.In addition, preferably be at least about the PET resin of 0.35dL/g, can obtain to have the coating of useful toughness through selectivity characteristic viscosity.
Therefore, in some embodiments of the present invention, the coating that forms on the elongated metal parts is no more than about 0.75dL/g by inherent viscosity at least in part, and the polymer that is at least about 0.35dL/g forms.In preferred illustrative embodiments, this polymer can be to gather (PETP).Be known in the art; In this article; " inherent viscosity " is based on ASTM D 4603-96 " Standard Test Methodfor Determining InherentViscosity of poly (ethylene tetrphthalate) is by Glass Capillary Viscometer (PET) " and ASTM D 2857-95, and " Standard Practice for Dilute Solution Viscosity of Polymers " measures.These ASTM standards all are incorporated into this paper with reference to the content that discloses.
In addition; In some embodiments of the present invention; The coating that forms on the elongated metal parts of mining bolt is formed by first polymer with first melt flow rate (MFR) and second polymer with second melt flow rate (MFR) at least in part; At about 270 ℃, said second melt flow rate (MFR) is littler by about 10% than first melt flow rate (MFR) at least.This temperature applications is being used for an exemplary preferred injection operation of the present invention.Known in the present invention, " melt flow rate (MFR) " in the literary composition used ASTM D 1238-95, and " Standard Test Method for FlowRates of Thermoplastics by Extrusion Plastometer " measures.The content that this ASTM standard discloses all is incorporated by reference into this paper.
In above-mentioned exemplary preferred injection operation, elongated metal parts is placed mould.These parts have first temperature at external surface.Then polymer is inserted in the mould, the inner surface of this mould has second temperature that is different from first temperature.Preferably this mould is colder than parts, makes second temperature be lower than first temperature.In this structure, the adjacent components external surface forms the first semi-crystal layer of polymer then, and this is because the temperature that the first surface of metal parts raises causes specifically, near the inner surface of contiguous mould, forms the first essentially amorphous layer of polymer.Because the temperature of metal parts external surface is higher than mould inner surface, pet polymer also can flow along metal parts, forms more complete and/or uniform coating above that.In addition, because the inner surface of mould is colder than metal parts when injection of polymer, therefore polymer cure faster can improve manufacturing speed valuably.
In a preferred illustrative embodiments, first temperature of metal parts can be higher 100 ℃ than second temperature of mould at least.For example, first temperature is about 130 ℃, and second temperature is about 30 ℃.Can carry out water-cooled but reaching this temperature to mould, this can make valuably the crystal layer that forms at the outermost coating surface degree of crystallinity less than for example with the adjacent coating surface of first core that forms anchor pole.In other embodiments, first temperature can be higher 50 ℃ or 200 ℃ than second temperature at least.
Yet in some embodiments, first temperature of metal parts can be lower than second temperature of mould.
In an exemplary preferred implementation, the thickness of the said first semi-crystal layer is at least about 0.1 millimeter, and degree of crystallinity is about 16-30%, and the thickness of the first essentially amorphous layer is at least about 0.1 millimeter, and degree of crystallinity is about 6-14%.In another embodiment, the degree of crystallinity of the first semi-crystal layer approximately greater than the degree of crystallinity of 30%, the first essentially amorphous layer approximately less than 28%.The thickness of the first semi-crystal layer also can be at least about 0.1 millimeter, and the thickness of the first essentially amorphous layer can be at least about 0.1 millimeter.This polymer can partly comprise at least: (PETP) and poly heterogeneous mixture are gathered in (1); (2) gather (PETP) and polyacrylic heterogeneous mixture; (3) Merlon and poly heterogeneous mixture, or (4) Merlon and polyacrylic heterogeneous mixture.This polymer also can comprise immiscible basically first polymer phase and second polymer phase.
When using two kinds of polymer, for example use when gathering the combinations thereof of (PETP) and polyvinyl and so on, can on parts, form filamentary structure.For the combination of polymers at about 270 ℃ injection temperature, said polymer can not dissolve each other.Therefore, although polymer will flow on the metal parts, but polymer tends to form discrete the structure of bonding in injection moulding process, and they combine and around metal parts, form sheath.This structure can be a strand shape, thereby on metal parts, forms filamentary structure, can guarantee narrow width or banded more structure.In addition, the combination of polymer can form pilotaxitic texture on parts.
Fig. 6 has shown the about 90 weight %PET of injection moulding and the exemplary scan electron micrograph on the polyolefinic surface of about 10 weight %.This photo is 640 times of amplifications, has shown the filamentary structure of microcosmic scale.Use piston type injection moulding extruder, two kinds of polymer are injected in the mould carry out injection moulding simultaneously.
Fig. 7 has shown the about 90 weight %PET of injection moulding and the exemplary low-power microphoto on the polyolefinic surface of about 10 weight %.This photo is that low power is amplified (approximately than low two one magnitude of photo shown in Figure 6), has shown macroscopic scale visible fiber shape structure.Also be to use piston type injection moulding extruder, two kinds of polymer injected in the mould carry out injection moulding simultaneously.
Make an experiment and measure the degree of crystallinity of the coating on the mining bolt for example as herein described.Specifically, No. 5 60 grade reinforcing steels using the effective average diameter that has applied PET to be about 0.62 inch are processed each sample.Under the injection pressure greater than 10000psi approximately, at about 246 ℃ PET is injected in about 25 ℃ die cavity, be injected on the reinforcing bar.Because the difference of temperature, quenching takes place in PET when the contact mold cavity surface.At the threaded portion that PET forms, the thickness of PET coating is about 1/8 inch, and the PET coating layer thickness in the non-threaded zone that PET forms is about 1/16 inch.Remove the PET coating in the helical zone from each anchor pole, Fig. 8-13 has shown the DSC curve that obtains from each coating.
Use has the Seiko SSC5200 DSC appearance of aluminium sample disc.Samples weighing to being processed by the part under cutting on the anchor pole that applies is accurate to 0.01 milligram.Under dry nitrogen atmosphere,, test from 30-300 ℃ with 10 ℃/minute the rate of heat addition.DSC data of collection in per 0.2 second in sample heating process.The temperature curve that writes down that uses a computer is measured crystallization heat (H Crystallization) and melting heat (H Fusion).According to formula 1 is fusion enthalpy (140.1 Jiao/gram (H of unit with respect to heating 100% crystalline polymer with percentage Theoretical)) mensuration degree of crystallinity:
K=[(H Fusion-H Crystallization)/H Theoretical] * 100 formula l
Use the degree of crystallinity of the method test pet polymer described in the following document: Daw Ming Fann etc.; " Kinetics and Thermal Crystallinity of Recycled PET.II.Topographic Study onThermal Crystallinity of the Injection-Molded Recycled PET; " Journalof AppliedPolymer Science 61 (1996), the 261-271 page or leaf.The document is incorporated into this paper with reference to the content that discloses.Yet the different of people such as this test and Fann are, because sample is not under vacuum, to be kept at, temperature range is slightly different, theoretical value slightly different (using 140.1 Jiao/gram replacement 145 Jiao/grams).
Use the degree of crystallinity of the said various coatings of DSC data determination Table I, measure degree of crystallinity through above-mentioned dsc analysis.Following Table I has been listed exemplary test data:
Table I
Test Be used for the material of injection moulding The position of measuring Sample quality (milligram) Degree of crystallinity (%)
A B C D E F Transparent PET thin slice (cleaned; Remove lid and label) transparent PET thin slice (cleaned; Remove lid and label) colored PET thin slice is (dirty; Comprising lid and label) colored PET thin slice is (dirty; Comprising lid and label) amber/brown PET thin slice is (dirty; Comprising lid and label) amber/brown PET thin slice is (dirty; Comprise lid and label) In the outer surface thread zone of PET coating the middle part (degree of depth is about 1 millimeter) of PET coating in middle part (degree of depth the is about 1 millimeter) threaded portion of PET coating in the outer surface thread zone of PET coating in the threaded portion of the middle part of PET coating (degree of depth is about 1 millimeter) in the outer surface thread zone of PET coating in the threaded portion 11.162 10.764 11.878 13.613 10.232 10.039 9.55 24.47 8.07 19.67 9.73 24.05
For every couple of test A-B, C-D and E-F, the coating tangent plane is taken off in the position of the screw thread of contiguous injection moulding above applying anchor pole.The threaded portion of selecting sample is owing to the twice that is about the non-threaded area thickness of anchor pole at the thickness of this zone-coated.Cut next part coating (about 10 milligrams) at external surface, measure then, its result representes the degree of crystallinity (test A, C and E) of PET coating external surface on the anchor pole.In addition, about position intermediate intercepting part coating (about 10 milligrams) is tested then between coating external surface and inner surface, and its result representes the degree of crystallinity (test b, D and F) in the middle of the PET coating on the anchor pole.
At first come 8-9 with the aid of pictures, shown the data of test A-B among the figure respectively.For example as can beappreciated from fig. 8, the data of PET coating external surface comprise peak P1, and this peak P1 has the maximum value corresponding to polymer crystallization point, and P2 has the minimum value corresponding to melting point polymer.As shown in Figure 9, the data at PET coating middle part comprise peak P3, and similarly, this peak P3 has the maximum value corresponding to polymer crystallization point, and P4 has the minimum value corresponding to melting point polymer.To the analysis explanation of data, the remarkable external surface (9.55%) of the degree of crystallinity (24.47%) at PET coating middle part greater than the PET coating.
Come 10-11 with the aid of pictures below, shown the data of test C-D among the figure respectively.For example as can beappreciated from fig. 10, the data of PET coating external surface comprise peak P5, and this peak P5 has the maximum value corresponding to polymer crystallization point, and P6 has the minimum value corresponding to melting point polymer.Shown in figure 11, the data at PET coating middle part comprise peak P7, and similarly, this peak P7 has the maximum value corresponding to polymer crystallization point, and P8 has the minimum value corresponding to melting point polymer.To the analysis explanation of data, the remarkable external surface (8.07%) of the degree of crystallinity (19.67%) at PET coating middle part greater than the PET coating.
12-13 the most with the aid of pictures has shown the data of testing E-F respectively among the figure.For example as can beappreciated from fig. 12, the data of PET coating external surface comprise peak P9, and this peak P9 has the maximum value corresponding to polymer crystallization point, and P10 has the minimum value corresponding to melting point polymer.Shown in figure 13, the data at PET coating middle part comprise peak P11, and this peak P12 has the maximum value corresponding to polymer crystallization point, and P12 has the minimum value corresponding to melting point polymer.To the analysis explanation of data, the remarkable external surface (9.73%) of the degree of crystallinity (24.05%) at PET coating middle part greater than the PET coating.
Possible source of error comprised the impurity and the impurity of introducing in the incoming flow of PET melt in the injection machine during data were collected, and the inhomogeneous mixing of PET, lid and label material in the melt.In addition, possibly produce some other cognizable peaks in the drawings, for example nylon and poly peak in the coating.
Being used for the plating parts can comprise first polymer phase and second polymer phase with the polymer that forms mine roof support, and wherein the glass transition temperature of at least one phase is approximately less than 20 ℃, or approximately less than 0 ℃.Be known in the art; In this article; " glass transition temperature " is through ASTME 1356, and " Standard Test Method forGlass Transition Temperatures by Differential Scanning Calorimetry or DifferentialThermal Analysis " measures.The content that this ASTM standard is disclosed is incorporated by reference into this paper.
At at least two kinds of various polymerization things (heterogeneous mixture of two kinds of polymer for example that comprises as herein described; Basically immiscible first and second polymer; Or first and second polymer phase) in the metal parts coating, can polymer be placed on the metal parts with various structures.In a kind of exemplary structure, polymer is provided with adjacently.In another exemplary embodiment, polymer is processed tabular with range upon range of form.In another illustrative embodiments, polymer interweaves.Therefore polymer can form filamentary structure, banded structure and/or pilotaxitic texture on metal parts.Formed these structures can be the results of used injection machine kind.For example, if use the piston-type extruder that two kinds of polymer are injected in the mould simultaneously, can on metal part surface, form macroscopic view (for example for bore hole) and microcosmic all is the uneven surfaces coating basically.On the other hand, if use screw extruder simultaneously two kinds of polymer to be injected in the mould, the polymer surface coating that then is formed on the metal parts can be uniformly basically on macroscopic view, but is uneven basically on microcosmic.Therefore, in this article, one or more in term " uneven " the expression both macro and micro.
Various molding methods have been considered according to the present invention.Second peripheral part 22,52 of the base polymer of PET can form with the form of spatial orientation.For example, shown in figure 14, can polymer be injected usually the stream A parallel with the axle of first core 20,50 30,60.This stream A can begin from the end position adjacent with anchor pole.Perhaps shown in figure 15, can at first polymer be injected along the direction that is basically perpendicular to axle 30,60, in the stream B that is parallel to axle 30,60 usually, launch then.Because the polymerization logistics is that polymer can be orientated along the longitudinal direction, in this direction intensity and/or toughness is provided along first core 20,50 longitudinally.
In another method according to the present invention, can in injection of polymer, gradually first core 20,50 be shifted out from mold cavity, thereby form the polymer coating of orientation above that.
In molding methods more according to the present invention, under high pressure polymer melt is injected in the mold cavity to form second peripheral part 22,52.Specifically, expection is used for the chip material acquisition that recycling polymer of the present invention can be used as sheet form usually.When flakes melt or when being used for injection moulding, may air be mixed in wherein, this may introduce bubble in polymer melt.Through (for example fluid pressure is at least about 10, polymer is injected in the mould under 000psi), can reduce the size of bubble, thereby obtains not having the finer and close coating in big space at high fluid pressure.In addition,, improved polymerization logistics can be obtained, thereby entrapped air on the texture of first core 20,50 (can form) can be avoided by reinforcing bar etc. through using enough moulding pressures.
In another molding methods according to the present invention, can use mould to apply first core 20,50 with second length with first length, said second length is greater than first length.The mold cavity that for example, can use development length to be about 2.75 feet applies total length and is about 6 feet first core 20,50.Specifically, originally, can first core 20,50 (comprising its end) of part be placed in the mold cavity, can polymer be injected wherein to form the coating as second peripheral part 22,52.Then can be again insert another part in the mold cavity, can polymer be injected wherein, form the other coating of second peripheral part 22,52 near first core 20,50 of the other end.The uneven gauge (for example being used to provide above-mentioned bending point) that has the discontinuous coating form if desired along the mining bolt longitudinal length; Then the not coated zone of first core 20,50 can all be retained in beyond the mold cavity in the process of these two steps.Perhaps, can temporarily cover should the zone, with the blocking-up polymer flow, prevents to form in this zone coating.
Referring to Figure 16, use multi-cavity mold can in injection moulding process, form two or more anchor poles simultaneously.In the exemplary embodiment, four anchor poles 10,40 of moulding in mold cavity independently simultaneously.One preferred embodiment in, can be in the equal dies that forms by eight chambeies simultaneously with polymer-coated eight anchor poles.
Specifically, first core 20,50 is placed in the chamber of mould 100 (figure schematically shows), this chamber can be formed between a pair of co-operating mould part that can move along connecting rod (tie bar) 102 (extending in the paper).For each anchor pole 10,40 provides second peripheral part 22,52 of injection moulding, simultaneously anchor pole 10,40 is basically vertically placed 110 tops, ground (ground).Because common molded structure 100 usefulness connecting rods 102 operations; So in some mould structures 100, can't at an easy rate anchor pole 10,40 be inserted mould 100 or therefrom taking-up; The orientation that simultaneously for example makes anchor pole 10,40 is perpendicular to axle 112 (this axle 112 is usually perpendicular to ground 110).Connecting rod 102 has influenced this moving.Therefore, possibly insert and take out anchor pole 10,40, thereby, make connecting rod 102 can not influence moving of anchor pole along carrying anchor pole 10,40 perpendicular to the direction on ground 110 substantially from the upper end 114 of mould 100.In addition,, do not have enough spaces and let anchor pole 10,40 decline, fall on the ground 110 near for example on mobile conveyer from open mould 100 because mould 100 is usually can built on stilts 110 very not high.
Figure 17 has shown the embodiment that another is exemplary among the figure below, wherein four anchor poles 10,40 of moulding simultaneously in mold cavity independently.One preferred embodiment in, in the equal dies that forms by eight chambeies, use polymer-coated eight anchor poles simultaneously.As indicated above, first core 20,50 is placed in the chamber of mould 100 (figure schematically shows), this chamber can be formed between a pair of co-operating mould part that can move along connecting rod 102 (extending in the paper).For each anchor pole 10,40 provides second peripheral part 22,52 of injection moulding, simultaneously anchor pole 10,40 is essentially horizontally placed 110 tops, ground (ground).Even have connecting rod 102, also can at an easy rate anchor pole 10,40 be inserted mould 100 or therefrom taking-up, for example make the orientation of anchor pole 10,40 be basically parallel to ground 110 simultaneously.Connecting rod 102 can not influence this moving.Therefore, insert and take out anchor pole 10,40, thereby carry anchor pole 10,40 along the direction that is in substantially parallel relationship to ground 110 from the side 116 of mould 100.In addition,, do not have enough spaces and let anchor pole 10,40 decline, fall on the ground 110 near for example on mobile conveyer from open mould 100 because mould 100 is usually can built on stilts 110 very not high.After moulding anchor pole 10,40, they can discharge from the co-operating mould part, make its drop on for example be positioned at mould below 100, but be higher than on the conveyer or pallet near the connecting rod 102 on ground 110, the molded operation place is left in its transmission.
In the molded operation process, can use moving of " anchor clamps " known in the art automation control anchor pole 10,40, can distinguish the one or both ends 12,42 and 14,44 of clamping anchor pole.In moulding process, also can promote control automatically through the clamping zone (for example end 12,42 and 14,44) that extends to outside the mould 100.For example, like what schematically show among Figure 17, anchor pole 10; 40 can be randomly conveyer 122a through one or more connections; 122b moves, and makes anchor pole to move with mode alignment or that point to, in each moulding cyclc; Through conveyer 122a, 122b is positioned at four new anchor poles in the mould 100 automatically.Can use in addition and attract the magnet of first core 20,50 that anchor pole is fixed in the mould 100.
In preferred embodiment, mould 100 comprises movably platen of a fixing platen and.They are worked in coordination and form one or more mold cavities.Movably platen moves on connecting rod 102.
Referring to Figure 18 A, the preferred construction of mould 100 will be described hereinafter.As shown in the figure, platen 100a comprises the chamber 130a that is used for accepting anchor pole 10,40,130b, 130c, 130d.Be used for respectively at anchor pole 10 in order to regulate; Apply the length in the chamber of second peripheral part 22,52 on 40, and in order to change label or other structures according to particular customer or anchor pole designing requirement; Can with insert removably with form cavity segment 130a; 130b, 130c, the platen 100a of 130d links to each other.Specifically, for example see chamber 130a, insert 132a placed near the end 14,44 relative with the anchor head of anchor pole 10,40, with stop polymer in the end near flowing 14,44.Thereby in moulding process, can randomly form the uncoated areas of anchor pole 10,40.In other words, for chamber 130b provides insert 132b, make it be suitable for the rock-bolt length shorter than the total length of platen 100a.In addition, insert 132b has certain structure and size, and the cone coating of adjacent end 14,44 as shown in the figure is provided for anchor pole 10,40.Insert 132c that can be as shown in the figure and corner key 134 that kind are gone into platen 100a with the insert bolt.In figure about (wherein not having anchor pole 10,40 shown in the figure) shown in the 134d of chamber, can be along the chamber length of 134d the insert of any amount is provided; Insert 132d for example, 132e, 132f; Thereby at second peripheral part 22; 52 specific part obtains specific characteristic, for example texture, mark or profile configuration.Therefore, preferably will there be the cavity segment 130a of insert, 130b, 130c, 130d permanently are cut into platen 100a, can insert removably be connected on the sheet material simultaneously, form the remaining part in chamber or are used for the size of restricted room.In other embodiment, can in platen 100a, form one or more chamber 130a, 130b, 130c, the total length of 130d is used for adapting to insert, makes the length in chamber to change at an easy rate, is used for injection moulding to have the anchor pole of different length.For guaranteeing that first core 20,50 of each anchor pole 10,40 can be positioned at the center of the die cavity of a pair of platen qualification substantially, can extend pin (pin) 136, thereby first core 20,50 is separated with the chamber wall in the chamber.
Shown in Figure 18 B, the exemplary insert of insert 132a and so on preferably has shell 140 and randomly for example can form the interior section 142 of the part of chamber 130a.Interior section 142 can be formed by the dumpable fluid polymer that solidifies in position, for example available from Forsch Polymer Corp. (Denver, 94A LiquidUrethane Colorado) (comprising alkali and liquid activator/curing compound).Use polyurethane interior section 142 that more effective sealing is provided, in case flowing of the polymer that injects also can be used to the irregular surface of anchor pole in the sealed mold 10,40.Specifically, to reinforcing bar looser variance is provided usually, the preferred tool of mold cavity that therefore is used for forming the anchor pole that the present invention applies has the dimensions, so that in this variance, hold anchor pole.Therefore can form interior section 142, to provide diameter to be approximately equal to or to be slightly less than the mold cavity of the minimum diameter of reinforcing bar.Shown in Figure 18 A, first central module 20,50 that interior section 142 preferably can be provided at part in the mould stretches out near the zone, position beyond the mould.Can before cast polyurethane interior section 142, screw 144 be combined with shell 140,, can further prevent zone 142 is pulled out from zone 140 in case make interior zone 142 solidify.This urethane composition can heat resistanceheat resistant degraded in many cycles.Yet, in case undesirable degraded takes place,, can simply insert be inserted in the baking oven for the ease of removing, polyurethane is removed in baking.New polyurethane is solidified in shell 142.
Shown in Figure 18 C, pin 136 can stretch out from insert 137, and these pins are edge and chamber 130a preferably, 130b, 130c, the line oriented of the longitudinal axis 138 crosscuts of 130d.Insert 137 can be Eight characters tension test block (dogbone) structure as shown in the figure usually.Preferably, at each chamber 130a of each mould platen, 130b, 130c provides two inserts 137 that have two pins 136 separately, so that anchor pole and die surface are separated among the 130d.Pin 136 can be connected with insert 137 through screw thread, makes their extensions in the chamber optionally to regulate.In one embodiment, pin can stretch out about 1/8 inch from the surface of mould.Can use a pair of setscrew 139 that insert is fixed on the platen.
In the present invention on the other hand, tentatively proved use the use that is derived from Sofe drink bottle after PET thin slice injection moulding meeting make the PET material that is highly brittle, all the more so when the PET of injection moulding lacks orientation and/or degree of crystallinity.This material of having found about 6 millimeters thick can be disconnected with record book in accordion form at an easy rate.
The Portland class cement (or similar Chemical composition that) that in PET, adds about 1-50 weight % can improve the mechanical performance of obtained material valuably.
Shown in the substantially following Table II of the chemical compound of Portland cement:
Component Mass content (%)
CaO 58-66
SiO 2 18-26
Al 2O 3 4-12
Fe 2O 3+FeO 1-6
MgO 1-3
SO 3 0.5-2.5
K 2O and Na 2O ＜1
For example referring to Brandt, A.M., Cement-Based Composites:Materials, MechanicalProperties and Performance.E & F Spon, 1995.
In test, have been found that the toughness and the modulus that can significantly improve polymer through the Portland cement that in the PET of recycling, adds about 5-15 weight %.The filler of graininess Portland cement form has been added in the melt of PET thin slice after the use that is derived from Sofe drink bottle.The particle mean size of said Portland cement is approximately less than 100 microns, and (particularly under higher cement factor) is with short nearly evenly distribution.
Specifically, when the Portland II type cement of about 5-15 weight % being added recycling PET thin slice, and with the melt injection moulding of this PET/ cement material the time, find that final toughness of material enlarges markedly, and impact is more flexible.The percentage composition that roughly demonstrates cement is high more, and the toughness that is produced is big more.When content was no more than about 15 weight %, most cement was adsorbed on the surface of PET thin slice, formed the material of melt and injection moulding quite uniformly.Yet the result shows, is difficult in the PET thin slice, add the cement that is approximately higher than 15 weight %, and this is because cement meeting this moment and slice separates form uneven melt and injected plastics material.
In test, when adding cement, do not observe steam or condensate yet and appear on the mould or from ram cylinder and overflow.Through this observed result, we think cement as getter, have sponged contained a large amount of water in the PET thin slice.
Other laboratory scale test is verified, and the Portland I type cement that in the PET of recycling thin slice, adds about 5-10 weight % can obtain the result that similar toughness increases.The particle mean size of said Portland cement also is not more than about 100 microns.Melt with these compositions can make the solid material that toughness is bigger, fragility is littler.
Portland cement is still not exclusively understood the reason of PET malleableize.People have proposed three kinds of explanations of observing malleableize.At first, cement comes tough fluidized polymer through known cracks can spread.Secondly, cement can be used as water absorbing agent, and moisture can significantly shorten the chain length of PET.The 3rd, the alkali metal in the cement can be used as weak crosslinking agent, obtains longer chain length, makes it have bigger toughness.
Although preceding text have carried out various descriptions to the present invention, be to be understood that various characteristics can be used separately or combination in any is used.Therefore, the present invention is not limited in the listed concrete preferred implementation of this paper.
In addition, be to be understood that those skilled in the art in the invention can carry out various changes and modification to it within spirit and scope of the invention.For example, metal parts as herein described can be processed with other material, for example the polymer of polymer or reinforcement.Therefore, the various mining bolt structures of use metal parts described herein can be used the parts that formed by the material except metal.In addition, can on the structure of respectively digging up mine as herein described, texture be provided, for example texture 24,54.Therefore, through reading above manual, those skilled in the art can carry out all modifications easily to it at an easy rate, and these are revised within the spirit and scope of the present invention, comprise in the present invention as other embodiments.So claims that scope of the present invention is liked enclosed are said.

Claims (98)

1. pit barring, this support comprises:
Elongated metal parts;
Be positioned at the coating that comprises the PET that uses back recycling on these parts, the thickness of said coating is at least 1mm.
2. pit barring as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that, said coating is the coating of injection moulding.
3. pit barring as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that, said coating comprises that thickness is at least 0.1 millimeter, and degree of crystallinity is the first floor of 16-30%.
4. pit barring as claimed in claim 3 is characterized in that, said coating comprises that also thickness is at least 0.1 millimeter, and degree of crystallinity is the second layer of 6-14%.
5. pit barring as claimed in claim 4 is characterized in that, the said second layer contacts with elongated metal parts.
6. pit barring as claimed in claim 4 is characterized in that, said first floor contacts with elongated metal parts.
7. pit barring as claimed in claim 6 is characterized in that, the thickness of said first floor is at least 1.0 millimeters.
8. pit barring as claimed in claim 6 is characterized in that, the thickness of the said second layer is at least 0.2 millimeter.
9. pit barring as claimed in claim 4 is characterized in that, said coating comprises that also it is the 3rd layer of 6-14% that thickness is at least 0.1 millimeter, degree of crystallinity, and said first floor is between the second layer and the 3rd layer.
10. pit barring as claimed in claim 4 is characterized in that, the thickness of the said second layer is at least 0.2 millimeter.
11. pit barring as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that, this coating comprises that it is the first floor of 16-28% that thickness is at least 0.1 millimeter, degree of crystallinity.
12. pit barring as claimed in claim 11 is characterized in that, this coating comprises that also it is the second layer of 8-12% that thickness is at least 0.1 millimeter, degree of crystallinity.
13. pit barring as claimed in claim 12 is characterized in that, the said second layer contacts with elongated metal parts.
14. pit barring as claimed in claim 12 is characterized in that, said first floor contacts with elongated metal parts.
15. pit barring as claimed in claim 14 is characterized in that, the thickness of said first floor is at least 1.0 millimeters.
16. pit barring as claimed in claim 14 is characterized in that, the thickness of the said second layer is at least 0.2 millimeter.
17. pit barring as claimed in claim 12 is characterized in that, said coating comprises that also it is the 3rd layer of 8-12% that thickness is at least 0.1 millimeter, degree of crystallinity, and said first floor is between the second layer and the 3rd layer.
18. pit barring as claimed in claim 12 is characterized in that, the thickness of the said second layer is at least 0.2 millimeter.
19. pit barring as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that, this coating comprises that it is the first floor of 16-26% that thickness is at least 0.1 millimeter, degree of crystallinity.
20. pit barring as claimed in claim 19 is characterized in that, this coating comprises that also it is the second layer of 8-12% that thickness is at least 0.1 millimeter, degree of crystallinity.
21. pit barring as claimed in claim 20 is characterized in that, the said second layer contacts with elongated metal parts.
22. pit barring as claimed in claim 20 is characterized in that, said first floor contacts with elongated metal parts.
23. pit barring as claimed in claim 22 is characterized in that, the thickness of said first floor is at least 1.0 millimeters.
24. pit barring as claimed in claim 22 is characterized in that, the thickness of the said second layer is at least 0.2 millimeter.
25. pit barring as claimed in claim 20 is characterized in that, said coating comprises that also it is the 3rd layer of 8-12% that thickness is at least 0.1 millimeter, degree of crystallinity, and said first floor is between the second layer and the 3rd layer.
26. pit barring as claimed in claim 20 is characterized in that, the thickness of the said second layer is at least 0.2 millimeter.
27. pit barring as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that, said coating also comprises second polymer of the PET that is insoluble to said use back recycling.
28. pit barring as claimed in claim 27 is characterized in that, said second polymer comprises that glass transition temperature is lower than 20 ℃ polymer.
29. pit barring as claimed in claim 27 is characterized in that, said second polymer comprises that glass transition temperature is lower than 0 ℃ polymer.
30. pit barring as claimed in claim 27 is characterized in that, said second polymer comprises polyolefin.
31. pit barring as claimed in claim 30 is characterized in that, said polyolefin comprises polyvinyl.
32. pit barring as claimed in claim 31 is characterized in that, is benchmark in the weight of polymer in the coating, this coating comprises 80% PET at least.
33. pit barring as claimed in claim 30 is characterized in that, said polyolefin comprises polypropylene.
34. pit barring as claimed in claim 33 is characterized in that, this coating comprises the PET of 80 weight % at least.
35. pit barring as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that, the said inherent viscosity of the PET of back recycling of using is at least 0.35dL/g, and is not more than 0.75dL/g.
36. a pit barring, this support comprises:
Elongated metal parts;
Be positioned at the coating that comprises the thermoplastic that uses back recycling on these parts, the thickness of said coating is at least 1mm, and on metal parts, forms veined outer surface.
37. pit barring as claimed in claim 36 is characterized in that, said thermoplastic comprises the PET that uses back recycling.
38. pit barring as claimed in claim 37 is characterized in that, said coating is the coating of injection moulding.
39. pit barring as claimed in claim 36 is characterized in that, said thermoplastic comprises the Merlon that uses back recycling.
40. pit barring as claimed in claim 39 is characterized in that, is benchmark in the weight of polymer in the coating, this coating also comprises the metal that is equal to or less than 1 weight %.
41. pit barring as claimed in claim 40 is characterized in that, said metal comprises aluminium.
42. pit barring as claimed in claim 39 is characterized in that, said thermoplastic comprises that also glass transition temperature is lower than 20 ℃ second polymer.
43. pit barring as claimed in claim 39 is characterized in that, said thermoplastic comprises that also glass transition temperature is lower than 0 ℃ second polymer.
44. pit barring as claimed in claim 39 is characterized in that, said thermoplastic also comprises and comprises polyolefinic second polymer.
45. pit barring as claimed in claim 44 is characterized in that, said polyolefin comprises polyvinyl.
46. pit barring as claimed in claim 45 is characterized in that, is benchmark in the weight of polymer in the coating, this coating comprises the Merlon of 80 weight % at least.
47. pit barring as claimed in claim 44 is characterized in that, said polyolefin comprises polypropylene.
48. pit barring as claimed in claim 47 is characterized in that, is benchmark in the weight of polymer in the coating, this coating comprises the Merlon of 80 weight % at least.
49. a mine roof support, this support comprises:
Elongated metal parts;
Be positioned at the coating on these parts, this coating comprises the heterogeneous mixture of first and second polymer phases that use back recycling,
Wherein said first polymer phase is selected from PET, Merlon and PEN,
The thickness of said first polymer phase is at least 1mm;
Said coating forms veined outer surface on metal parts.
50. mine roof support as claimed in claim 49 is characterized in that, said first polymer phase comprises PET.
51. mine roof support as claimed in claim 50 is characterized in that, said second polymer phase comprises that glass transition temperature is lower than 20 ℃ polymer.
52. mine roof support as claimed in claim 50 is characterized in that, said second polymer phase comprises that glass transition temperature is lower than 0 ℃ polymer.
53. mine roof support as claimed in claim 50 is characterized in that, said second polymer phase comprises polyolefin.
54. mine roof support as claimed in claim 53 is characterized in that, said polyolefin comprises polyvinyl.
55. mine roof support as claimed in claim 54 is characterized in that, is benchmark in the weight of polymer in the coating, this coating comprises the PET of 80 weight % at least.
56. mine roof support as claimed in claim 53 is characterized in that, said polyolefin comprises polypropylene.
57. mine roof support as claimed in claim 56 is characterized in that, is benchmark in the weight of polymer in the coating, this coating comprises the PET of 80 weight % at least.
58. mine roof support as claimed in claim 49 is characterized in that, said first polymer phase comprises Merlon.
59. mine roof support as claimed in claim 58 is characterized in that, said second polymer phase comprises polymethyl methacrylate.
60. mine roof support as claimed in claim 59 is characterized in that, is benchmark in the weight of polymer in the coating, this coating also comprises the metal that is equal to or less than 1 weight %.
61. mine roof support as claimed in claim 60 is characterized in that, said metal comprises aluminium.
62. mine roof support as claimed in claim 58 is characterized in that, said second polymer phase comprises that glass transition temperature is less than 20 ℃ polymer.
63. mine roof support as claimed in claim 58 is characterized in that, said second polymer phase comprises that glass transition temperature is less than 0 ℃ polymer.
64. mine roof support as claimed in claim 58 is characterized in that, said second polymer phase comprises polyolefin.
65., it is characterized in that said polyolefin comprises polyvinyl like the described mine roof support of claim 64.
66., it is characterized in that like the described mine roof support of claim 65, be benchmark in the weight of polymer in the coating, this coating comprises the Merlon of at least 80 weight %.
67., it is characterized in that said polyolefin comprises polypropylene like the described mine roof support of claim 64.
68., it is characterized in that like the described mine roof support of claim 67, be benchmark in the weight of polymer in the coating, this coating comprises the Merlon of at least 80 weight %.
69. mine roof support as claimed in claim 49 is characterized in that, said first polymer phase comprises PEN.
70. a mine roof support, this support comprises:
Elongated metal parts;
Be positioned at the coating that comprises first polymer on these parts;
The inherent viscosity of said first polymer is at least 0.35dL/g, and is no more than 0.75dL/g;
Said first polymer comprises PET, and it forms the first floor that thickness is at least 1mm.
71., it is characterized in that said coating also comprises second polymer like the described mine roof support of claim 70, be benchmark in the weight of polymer in the coating, this coating comprises the PET of at least 80 weight %.
72., it is characterized in that said coating also comprises second polymer like the described mine roof support of claim 70, said first polymer and second polymer can not dissolve each other.
73., it is characterized in that said first polymer and second polymer form filamentary structure like the described mine roof support of claim 72 on said parts.
74., it is characterized in that said first polymer and second polymer form banded structure like the described mine roof support of claim 72 on said parts.
75., it is characterized in that said first polymer and second polymer form pilotaxitic texture like the described mine roof support of claim 72 on said parts.
76. a method that forms mine roof support, this method comprises:
Elongated metal parts is placed in the mould, and the external surface of these parts has first temperature;
Polymer is injected in the mould, and the inner surface of this mould has second temperature that is different from said first temperature;
Form the first semi-crystal layer of polymer in the position of adjacent components external surface;
Form first unformed layer of polymer in the position of contiguous mould inner surface.
77., it is characterized in that the degree of crystallinity of the said first semi-crystal layer is 16-30% like the described method of claim 76.
78., it is characterized in that the degree of crystallinity of said first unformed layer is 6-14% like the described method of claim 76.
79., it is characterized in that the thickness of the said first semi-crystal layer is at least 0.1 millimeter like the described method of claim 76.
80., it is characterized in that the thickness of said first unformed layer is at least 0.1 millimeter like the described method of claim 76.
81., it is characterized in that said polymer comprises PET and poly heterogeneous mixture like the described method of claim 76.
82., it is characterized in that said polymer comprises PET and polyacrylic heterogeneous mixture like the described method of claim 76.
83., it is characterized in that said polymer comprises Merlon and poly heterogeneous mixture like the described method of claim 76.
84., it is characterized in that said polymer comprises Merlon and polyacrylic heterogeneous mixture like the described method of claim 76.
85., it is characterized in that said polymer comprises PEN like the described method of claim 76.
86. like the described method of claim 76, this method also comprises: on said parts, form filamentary structure.
87. like the described method of claim 76, this method also comprises: on said parts, form banded structure.
88. like the described method of claim 76, this method also comprises: on said parts, form pilotaxitic texture.
89., it is characterized in that said polymer comprises immiscible first and second polymer phases like the described method of claim 76.
90., it is characterized in that said first temperature is lower than second temperature like the described method of claim 76.
91., it is characterized in that said first temperature is higher 50 ℃ than second temperature at least like the described method of claim 76.
92., it is characterized in that said first temperature is higher 100 ℃ than second temperature at least like the described method of claim 76.
93., it is characterized in that said first temperature is higher 200 ℃ than second temperature at least like the described method of claim 76.
94. like the described method of claim 76; It is characterized in that; Said polymer comprises (1) and has first polymer of first melt flow rate (MFR) and second polymer that (2) have second melt flow rate (MFR); In the time of 270 ℃, second melt flow rate (MFR) is littler by 10% than first melt flow rate (MFR) at least.
95., it is characterized in that this polymer comprises first and second polymer phases like the described method of claim 76, wherein the glass transition temperature of at least one phase is lower than 20 ℃.
96., it is characterized in that this polymer comprises first and second polymer phases like the described method of claim 76, wherein the glass transition temperature of at least one phase is lower than 0 ℃.
97. like the described method of claim 76, it is characterized in that, before said elongated metal parts being inserted mould, it heated.
98., it is characterized in that said first temperature is at least 50 ℃ like the described method of claim 76, said second temperature is at least than low 50 ℃ of first temperature.
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US5703134A (en) * 1994-03-11 1997-12-30 Monsanto Company Copolymers of recycled polyester

Patent Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3925996A (en) * 1974-09-27 1975-12-16 Du Pont Rock bolt/anchoring resin cartridge system
US5703134A (en) * 1994-03-11 1997-12-30 Monsanto Company Copolymers of recycled polyester

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