CN1917735A - Controller of LED illuminating lamp of solar energy - Google Patents
Controller of LED illuminating lamp of solar energy Download PDFInfo
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- CN1917735A CN1917735A CN 200610041400 CN200610041400A CN1917735A CN 1917735 A CN1917735 A CN 1917735A CN 200610041400 CN200610041400 CN 200610041400 CN 200610041400 A CN200610041400 A CN 200610041400A CN 1917735 A CN1917735 A CN 1917735A
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Abstract
The output of solar cell of the controller is connected to the input of discharge circuit of lead-acid cell; the output of discharge circuit of lead-acid cell is connected to the input of the cell output voltage step down circuit; the output of cell output voltage step down circuit is respectively connected to the inputs of the system parameter display circuit, high power LED constant driving circuit, temperature measuring, current detecting, light measuring, single-chip and other peripherals; the outputs of high power LED constant driving circuit, temperature measuring, current detecting and light measuring are connected to the inputs of the single-chip controller and other peripherals circuit.
Description
Technical field
The present invention is a kind of device that is used for the control of big-power solar LED illumination lamp, belongs to the technical field that solar lighting electrical equipment is made.
Background technology
Along with the poorness day by day of earth resource, the cost of investment of basic energy resource is climbed to a higher point day by day, and various safety and pollution hidden trouble are ubiquitous.Solar energy more and more comes into one's own as safety, the environmental protection new forms of energy of a kind of " inexhaustible ".And semiconductor lighting, because the luminous efficiency height, little power consumption just more and more is subject to people's attention, and will have very big practicality as the large power LED solar energy illuminator in conjunction with great power LED and solar energy advantage.
Summary of the invention
Technical problem: the present invention is purpose with the practical application, the big-power solar controller of LED illuminating lamp of road lighting or Landscape Lighting instructions for use is satisfied in design, the reliability of this controller little power consumption, luminous efficiency height, use and safe, and Automatic Control.
Technical scheme: big-power solar controller of LED illuminating lamp of the present invention comprises output voltage reduction voltage circuit, system parameters display circuit, high power LED constant-current driving circuit, temperature survey, current detecting, light measuring circuit, Single-chip Controlling and peripheral circuit thereof, the solar cell of sealed lead acid storage battery charge-discharge circuit, battery; The input of the output termination sealed lead acid storage battery charge-discharge circuit of the solar cell of this controller, the input of the output voltage reduction voltage circuit of the output termination battery of sealed lead acid storage battery charge-discharge circuit, the output of the output voltage reduction voltage circuit of battery is welding system parameter display circuit respectively, high power LED constant-current driving circuit, temperature survey, current detecting, light measuring circuit, the input of Single-chip Controlling and peripheral circuit thereof, high power LED constant-current driving circuit, temperature survey, current detecting, the output of light measuring circuit connects the input of Single-chip Controlling and peripheral circuit thereof.
The sealed lead acid storage battery charge-discharge circuit is the center with special charging control integrated circuit " IC18 ", and " 16 " pin of its output connects the base stage of transistor " PNP5 ", and " 10 " pin of output connects the inverting input of amplifier " IC8-3 ".The output voltage reduction voltage circuit of battery is the center with integrated regulator " IC19 ", and " 1 " pin of its input connects storage battery, and " 2 " pin of its output is by 5 volts of voltages of inductance coil " L4 " output.The system parameters display circuit is made up of 5 tunnel identical displays, and its input connects " P3.0, P 3.1 " pin of single-chip microcomputer in Single-chip Controlling and the peripheral circuit thereof " IC1 ".High power LED constant-current driving circuit is made up of three groups of identical constant-current drive circuits, and its signal input part is " P2.1, P2.0, P2.7 " pin that the base stage of driving transistors " PNP2, PNP3, PNP4 " connects single-chip microcomputer in Single-chip Controlling and the peripheral circuit thereof " IC1 " respectively.In temperature survey, current detecting, the light measuring circuit, " 1 " pin of temperature and resistance " IC2 " and " 3 " pin are connected in parallel on the two ends of variable resistor " R6 ", " 2 " pin of temperature and resistance " IC2 " connects the convertible tip of variable resistor " R6 ", one end ground connection of variable resistor " R6 ", the other end connect " P1.7 " pin of single-chip microcomputer in Single-chip Controlling and the peripheral circuit thereof " IC1 "; One end ground connection of the light-sensitive cell that photometry is used " 2CR2 ", the other end connect " P1.6 " pin of single-chip microcomputer in Single-chip Controlling and the peripheral circuit thereof " IC1 ".Employing " STC12C5410AD " the single-chip microcomputer integrated circuit of single-chip microcomputer in Single-chip Controlling and the peripheral circuit thereof " IC1 ".
This system has the output voltage of perfect sealed lead acid storage battery management of charging and discharging function, battery and reduces to 5 volts of circuit, system's relevant parameter Presentation Function, high power LED constant-current driving circuit and single chip machine controlling circuit.
Beneficial effect: in the large power LED solar energy illuminator, the power output of solar silicon photovoltaic cell plate and the capacity of storage battery are very limited, add the uncertainty of intensity of illumination, make system electric energy under special circumstances (continuous overcast and rainy wait for weather) seem very in short supply, will not make the illumination task that can't tackle limiting case if saves energy is not noted by system.Therefore, reduce the vital task that power consumption just becomes the circuit system design.
In the circuit design of native system, taked following measure to reduce the power consumption of system.At first, the single-chip microcomputer overwhelming majority time all is in resting state, have only timer and external interrupt etc. not to take the functional block of CPU time and be in operating state, CPU just understood each work parameter of complete detection system in per 15 minutes and judged whether the running status of system is normal, if system normally moves, then CPU directly returns resting state, and the abnormal part of processing is normally just returned resting state again up to system restoration otherwise system will take appropriate measures.At CPU between rest period, be responsible in the monitoring system parameter such as each electric current and voltage amount whether in normal range (NR) by the interruption expansion of CPU outside, the external interrupt system wakes CPU up at once if system parameter goes beyond the scope, and handles these unusual circuit blocks by CPU then.Secondly, in circuit, use relay (5VJ1) isolation not need the circuit that moves, make it to be in power-down state.Display circuit for example, because high-power LED lighting system is mainly used in ordinary road illumination and Landscape Lighting, unattended operation, so display circuit does not need to show when not having button to press, so display circuit can be isolated away this part circuit by relay when unmanned the observation from system, realize zero-power.Daytime, system only charged, and did not throw light on the complete and system's isolation of lighting circuit.System only threw light on and replenished electricity one to evening, and charging circuit is also kept apart with system.By buffer circuit (5VJ1-5VJ4), reach energy-conservation and control switch paths of LEDs illumination purposes like this.In high-power LED lighting system, the electric energy of the sealed lead acid storage battery overwhelming majority is supplied with high-power LED illumination, as long as use adequate measures to save a large amount of electric energy and can not influence illuminating effect from illumination section.As outdoor ordinary road illumination and Landscape Lighting, high-powered LED lamp in the many time period illuminators of pedestrian is all lighted, make illumination reach optimum efficiency, rare or almost do not have only to light a part of high-powered LED lamp under the situation that time period of pedestrian guaranteeing that marginal illumination requires the pedestrian, so promptly reach the illumination purpose and saved electric energy again.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is a general structure schematic diagram of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is the circuit theory diagrams of output voltage reduction voltage circuit 2 of sealed lead acid storage battery charge-discharge circuit 1, the battery of controller of LED illuminating lamp of solar energy.
Fig. 3 is the circuit theory diagrams of system parameters display circuit 3, temperature measuring circuit, current detection circuit, light measuring circuit 5, Single-chip Controlling and peripheral circuit 6 thereof.
Fig. 4 is the circuit theory diagrams of high power LED constant-current driving circuit 4.
Embodiment
Controller of LED illuminating lamp of solar energy of the present invention comprises output voltage reduction voltage circuit 2, system parameters display circuit 3, high power LED constant-current driving circuit 4, temperature survey, current detecting, light measuring circuit 5, Single-chip Controlling and peripheral circuit 6 thereof, the solar cell 7 of sealed lead acid storage battery charge-discharge circuit 1, battery; The input of the output termination sealed lead acid storage battery charge-discharge circuit 1 of the solar cell 7 of this controller, the input of the output voltage reduction voltage circuit 2 of the output termination battery of sealed lead acid storage battery charge-discharge circuit 1, the output of the output voltage reduction voltage circuit 2 of battery is welding system parameter display circuit 3 respectively, high power LED constant-current driving circuit 4, temperature survey, current detecting, light measuring circuit 5, the input of Single-chip Controlling and peripheral circuit 6 thereof, high power LED constant-current driving circuit 4, temperature survey, current detecting, the output of light measuring circuit 5 connects the input of Single-chip Controlling and peripheral circuit 6 thereof.
1. the sealed lead acid storage battery charge-discharge circuit 1
Sealed lead acid storage battery charge-discharge circuit 1 is the center with special charging control integrated circuit " IC18 ", and " 16 " pin of its output connects the base stage of transistor " PNP5 ", and " 10 " pin of output connects the inverting input of amplifier " IC8-3 ".
The design's charging circuit has been selected the sealed lead acid storage battery of the TI company special-purpose control integrated circuit " UC3906 " of charging for use, and this chip has sealed lead acid storage battery optimal charge required whole controls and measuring ability.The more important thing is that it can make the various changing voltages of charger change with the variation of the temperature coefficient of cell voltage, thereby make sealed lead acid storage battery in very wide temperature range, can both reach the optimal charge state.
This chip includes independently voltage control loop and limiting amplifier, the driver in its may command chip.The output current that driver provides reaches 25mA, can directly drive outside series connection and adjust pipe, to adjust the output voltage and the electric current of charger.The voltage and current detection comparator can be used for detecting the charged state of storage battery, can also be used to controlling the input signal of charged state logical circuit simultaneously.
Cross when low when cell voltage or temperature, charging enables comparator may command charger and enters the trickle charge state.When driver ended, this comparator can also be exported the 25mA trickle-charge current.Like this, when battery short circuit or reversal connection, charger can only be with low current charge, thereby has avoided damaging because of charging current is excessive battery.
It is in full accord with the temperature characterisitic of the Changing Pattern of ambient temperature and lead-acid battery voltage that a very important characteristic of integrated circuit " UC3906 " is exactly its inner accurate benchmark voltage.Simultaneously, this chip only needs the input current of 1.7mA just can work, thereby can reduce the power consumption of chip, realizes the accurate detection to operating ambient temperature, guarantees not only full charge but also can seriously not overcharge of battery.In addition, integrated circuit " UC3906 " chip internal also comprises an input undervoltage detection circuit so that charge cycle is carried out initialization, and can drive a logic output.After adding the input power supply, 7 pin of device can also be indicated power supply status.
Use integrated circuit " UC3906 " only needs external component seldom just can realize accurately charging fast to sealed lead acid battery.In this charger circuit, the resistance pressure-dividing network of being made up of Ra, Rb and Rc can be used to detect the voltage of rechargeable battery.In addition, this circuit also can be by comparing to determine the threshold voltage of float charge voltage, overcharged voltage and trickle charge with accurate reference voltage (VREF=2.3 volt/25 degrees centigrade).
The charging circuit operation principle of big-power solar LED illumination lamp control circuit:
Wherein: the rated voltage of battery is 12V, and capacity is 12Ah, VIN=18.7V, VF=13.7V, VOC=15V, I MAX=1A, I OCT=100mA.Because charger is connected on the storage battery all the time,, should adjusts between pipe and the output in series connection and seal in a diode D1 for the output current that prevents storage battery flows into charger.Simultaneously storage battery indicates transistor (7 pin) to be connected to ground by power supply Rc by divider resistance Rc discharge during design after the input power interruptions.
After the 18V input voltage added, indication luminous tube (LEDCH) was luminous, and power tube PNP5 (TIP42C) conducting of series connection begins big electric current constant current charge, and charging current is 1000mA, and at this moment charging current remains unchanged, and cell voltage raises gradually.When cell voltage reached 95% (being 14.25V) of overcharged voltage VOC, battery changed overcharge condition over to, and this moment, charging voltage maintained overcharge voltage, and charging current begins to descend.When dropping to, charging current overcharges when stopping electric current (IOCT), the 10 pin output high level of UC3906, and comparator IC8-3 (LM339) output low level, storage battery changes floating charge state automatically over to.Full charge indication luminous tube (LEDFULL) is luminous simultaneously, and the indication storage battery is full charge.
From charge waveforms figure as can be seen, a charge cycle of battery can be divided into three kinds of operating states by the operating time: battery big electric current quick-charge state 1, over-charging of battery electricity condition 2 and battery float electricity condition 3.Charging circuit rigidly connected in a period of time of energize, was battery charge with the trickle-charge current, and when cell voltage reached VT, the recharge logic control circuit turn-offed tiny stream charging current charge, and transferring to the IMAX charging current is battery charge.When cell voltage reached V12, the expression charging circuit had entered overcharge condition 2.When cell voltage reached overcharge voltage VOC, charging current began to reduce.When battery charge was reduced to IOCT, battery charge detecting amplifier output signal was added to the level that stops control pin 8 that overcharges and uprises, and charging circuit changes floating charge into, and to keep charging voltage be VF.If at this moment battery adds discharge load, beginning is with the current discharge of IMAX, and when the discharge voltage of battery was lower than V31, charging circuit began to be battery charge again, began a new battery charge work period.
In charging operating state " 1 " and charging operating state " 2 ", in order to ensure the battery full charge, voltage control loop in the UC3906 is provided with a higher cell voltage set point VOC, when cell voltage reach VOC 95% the time, charging circuit enters charging operating state " 2 ", and the current potential that stops pin 8 until overcharging of UC3906 becomes high level.Utilize the interior current sense amplifier of UC3906 to detect the size of battery charge, can guarantee that battery charge is decreased to the IOCT of appointment.When battery connects discharge load, battery begin the discharge, when cell voltage be lower than battery float voltage 10% the time, charging circuit enter again the charging operating state " 1 ".
IC17 is the I/V change-over circuit, is used for detecting the size of battery charge, and output signal is received IC1, calculates output by CPU and shows.
2. the output voltage reduction voltage circuit 2 of battery
The output voltage reduction voltage circuit 2 of battery is the center with integrated regulator " IC19 ", and " 1 " pin of its input connects storage battery, and " 2 " pin of its output is by 5 volts of voltages of inductance coil " L4 " output.
In the design, used the TTL integrated circuit (IC) chip, it is the VCC power supply of 5V that chip needs magnitude of voltage, and is 10.8 volts to 13.7 volts as the output voltage of the sealed lead acid storage battery of system power supply, needs just can obtain 5 volts of stable voltages through step-down.
Not only want step-down to obtain 5 volts of voltages in this illuminator and power to LED, but also will improve voltage transitions efficient as much as possible, after therefore selecting through contrast, IC19 (AMC2596-ADJ) integrated circuit (IC) chip is used in decision.
IC19 integrated circuit maximum input voltage can only need five external discrete elements just can regulate output voltage in 1.2 volts to 37 volts scope, and guarantee to obtain the maximum output current of 3A up to 40 volts.This chip internal also carries overheated and circuit overcurrent protection.
The selection of the peripheral discrete component of IC19
A. input end capacitor C12:
For the steady operation of circuit, the electrochemical capacitor C12 of one at least 100 microfarad must be set at the input of IC19.The wiring of this electric capacity pin is brief as much as possible, and as close as possible IC19 chip.Perhaps solid tantalum electric capacity can intensifier circuit place of working stability under cryogenic conditions for ceramic electrical in parallel.
B. output capacitor C13:
At the output of circuit an electric capacity is set and plays effect, help the stability of circuit working output voltage filtering.Output capacitance should be positioned as close to the IC19 chip, and the connecting line of pin also will be lacked as much as possible.In circuit, use the electrochemical capacitor of low equiva lent impedance will help reducing ripple voltage.
C. inductance L 4:
IC19 can be used for continuous mode or non-continuous mode.Different mode has different operation characteristics, and these characteristics will influence performance and the requirement of IC19.When heavy duty, circuit working is at continuous mode, and circuit will be forced to be operated in non-continuous mode when underloading.Particularly output current is less than 300 MAHs when underloading, and circuit will be operated in non-continuous mode, will need lower inductance value under discontinuous mode of operation.Inductance has many types, considers the cost problem, the wire-wound inductance of select tape iron core, and this inductance has certain leakage flux, and the circuit element of sensitivity is had certain influence, should be as far as possible away from the sensitizing range when therefore connecting up.
D. voltage protection diode DZ16:
Voltage protection diode (DZ16) provides a loop for inductance (L4) electric current when the chip internal switch turn-offs.Voltage protection diode (DZ16) should be tried one's best near IC19 when drawing pcb board; use short connecting line as far as possible; help high switch on and off speed and low forward voltage drop like this; Schottky diode has use widely in this respect; its efficient that can offer the best is particularly in the occasion of low output voltage (being lower than 5 volts) rectification.The fast recovery, high efficiency or ultrahigh speed recovery diode also are applicable to this circuit.But the diode that some switching characteristics are stiff may cause system's instability, so should select the softer fast recovery diode of recovery characteristics.
E. feedback connection:
For regulated output voltage, 4 pin FB (feedback) pins of IC19 must be connected on the output voltage, make output voltage signal can feed back to adjuster.The output voltage ratio resistance of using as feedback sample should be placed near the chip as much as possible, can reduce the influence of noise to feedback signal to greatest extent like this.
F. Enable Pin:
The Enable Pin of IC19 (5 pin) can not be unsettled, and in order to guarantee the circuit operate as normal, the pin of Enable Pin must connect low level, and this low level value is less than 1.6 volts.On the other hand, if be operated under the standby mode, the Enable Pin pin will connect high level.Enable Pin can directly be drawn high input voltage value safely and not need outer meeting resistance.Enable Pin ground connection can guarantee output voltage stabilization, must guarantee Low ESR when still connecing power supply ground.
3. the system parameters display circuit 3
System parameters display circuit 3 is made up of 5 tunnel identical displays, and its input connects " P3.0, P3.1 " pin of single-chip microcomputer " IC1 " in Single-chip Controlling and the peripheral circuit 6 thereof.
Observe the parameter of large power LED solar energy illuminator for the ease of the user, as battery appearance temperature, illumination grade, the magnitude of current, voltage and time quantum etc., system needs the display part.The display part is made up of five-digit number sign indicating number pipe, wherein shows as the function numbering with one, in order to indicate all the other four shown contents; Remaining four high two read clocks when showing as clock hour, low two demonstration the number of minutes; A position of high two displays temperatures and ten during displays temperature, low two show zero; During the display voltage magnitude of current, high two show a position and ten, behind low two demonstration decimal points two; When display light shines grade, only use lowest order, its excess-three position is shown as zero.
Since single-chip microcomputer input/output port resource-constrained, thus the serial display mode selected, with the input signal series connection of IC3-IC7, its output parallel drive five-digit number sign indicating number pipe.
4. high power LED constant-current driving circuit 4
High power LED constant-current driving circuit 4 is made up of three groups of identical constant-current drive circuits, and its signal input part is " P2.1, P2.0, P2.7 " pin that the base stage of driving transistors " PNP2, PNP3, PNP4 " connects single-chip microcomputer " IC1 " in Single-chip Controlling and the peripheral circuit 6 thereof respectively.
1W, 3W of a new generation and the illumination of 5WLED are 10～50 times of standard LED illumination, and this makes and will face a lot of design challenge when utilizing these New LEDs to design, and to select suitable Micro Controller Unit (MCU) driving New LED also no longer be a simple task.
Following table has been listed the typical drive current and the voltage of 3 kinds of different great power LEDs.
Table 1: the typical drive current and the voltage of three kinds of different great power LEDs
| Power output | Forward voltage | Drive current | Maximum current |
| 1W | 2.9VDC | 0.35A | 0.5A |
| 3W | 4.3VDC | 0.7A | 1.0A |
| 5W | 7.2VDC | 0.7A | 1.0A |
The design selects the LED of 12 1W altogether for use, respectively controls 4 LED by IC4, IC5, IC6 respectively.Such combination requires the supply voltage should be greater than 11.6V.In order to obtain enough brightness, at present, the cooling of diode is the subject matter that Machine Design and circuit-board laying-out need be considered.Die temperature also can influence the output brightness of device because when device when ambient temperature is raised to 120 ℃, brightness will descend nearly 35%.The die temperature of LED also can influence the emission wavelength of device, and wavelength almost can change 4 ~ 9nm under 100 ℃ variations in temperature.In order to satisfy these specific (special) requirements, the power adjustments that needs certain form is the New LED power supply and monitors.In addition, if LED need according to user's input or other outside inputs be glimmered or dimness is gone down, they also need a small-sized single-chip microcomputer to come the power controlling circuit.What at first need to make is that any driver topological structure of decision is optimum, determines that then which single-chip microcomputer has suitable peripheral hardware.In view of the large power LED solar energy illuminator is mainly used in outdoor lighting, as ordinary road illumination and Landscape Lighting etc., so in circuit overriding concern be the condition of work of great power LED.The design provides 310 milliamperes constant operating current for great power LED.Chip IC 14-IC16 (AMC7150) is the special-purpose drive integrated circult of great power LED that inside has PWM.The drive current range of its output from several milliamperes to 1.5 peaces, be to guarantee under 4 volts to 40 volts the situation that great power LED works expeditiously at the direct voltage of input.
IC14-IC16 can move under the operating frequency up to 200 KHz of external control being subjected to, and by adjusting external inductors and resistance value, changes the constant current of exporting to great power LED, guarantees that great power LED works under specific currents.DZ2-DZ15 is respectively the protection voltage stabilizing didoe of LED1-LED12, and voltage stabilizing didoe works when certain diode open-circuit.IC11-IC13 is the I/V change-over circuit, is used for detecting the size of current of LED illumination, and output signal is received IC1, calculates output by CPU and shows.
5. temperature measuring circuit current detection circuit and light measuring circuit 5
In temperature survey, current detecting, the light measuring circuit 5, " 1 " pin of temperature and resistance " IC2 " and " 3 " pin are connected in parallel on the two ends of variable resistor " R6 ", " 2 " pin of temperature and resistance " IC2 " connects the convertible tip of variable resistor " R6 ", one end ground connection of variable resistor " R6 ", the other end connect " P1.7 " pin of single-chip microcomputer " IC1 " in Single-chip Controlling and the peripheral circuit 6 thereof; One end ground connection of the light-sensitive cell that photometry is used " 2CR2 ", the other end connect " P1.6 " pin of single-chip microcomputer " IC1 " in Single-chip Controlling and the peripheral circuit 6 thereof.
Temperature measuring circuit: in the large power LED solar energy illuminator, because the characteristic temperature influence of sealed lead acid storage battery is bigger, the time to prevent that battery is overheated and shorten life-span of battery in work, therefore want measures ambient temperature in actual use, the assurance system works in normal temperature range.
Traditional analog temperature sensor, bad as thermocouple, thermistor and RTDS monitoring in some temperature range internal linear to temperature, need carry out cold junction compensation or lead-wire compensation; Thermal inertia is big, and the response time is slow.Integrated analog temperature sensor by comparison, have advantages such as highly sensitive, that the linearity good, response speed is fast, and it also is integrated in drive circuit, signal processing circuit and necessary logic control circuit on the monolithic IC, and advantages such as actual size is little, easy to use are arranged.
In conjunction with the characteristics of large power LED solar energy illuminator, the design selects common integrated analog temperature sensor LM335 (IC2) for use.LM335 is the precision temperature transducer that National Semiconductor releases, and its work is similar to Zener diode, and its reverse breakdown voltage changes with the rule of temperature by+10mV/k, can be applicable to the temperature measurement equipment of precision.It has three kinds of packing forms to be suitable for the instrument and meter requirement of each generic request, and its major function characteristic is as follows: directly in absolute temperature scale calibration, 1 ℃ accuracy, operating current 400uA-5mA, motional impedance 1 Ω is convenient to calibration, 200 ℃ of wide operating temperature ranges, low cost.
In the practical application circuit of LM335,200 ohm of resistance R 1 values, the slide head by 10 kilo-ohms of resistance is regulated the output of LM335, and making its output voltage in the time of 25 degrees centigrade is 2.98 volts, output directly sends the analog-to-digital conversion mouth of single-chip microcomputer to, then by display module displays temperature value.
Current detection circuit: the charging current of (seeing sealed lead acid storage battery charge-discharge circuit 1, high power LED constant-current driving circuit 4) large power LED solar energy illuminator, the magnitudes of current such as LED operating current all need to measure.
Because therefore electric current can not must be converted into voltage signal earlier directly by the A/D converter conversion, could change then.So the current/voltage-converted circuit occupies very consequence in tester.Current measuring method commonly used is to seal in precision resistance in circuit-under-test, and the voltage by direct collection resistance two ends obtains electric current.The advantage of this method is that measurement is simple and convenient.But when tested electric current is bigger, and the resistance that seals in is when big, and the pressure drop of resistance will produce bigger influence to the load capacity of circuit; When tested electric current was very little, the magnitude of voltage of directly obtaining from the resistance again may be too little, influences accuracy of measurement.Thereby the method for this direct measurement is difficult to choose suitable resistance, to adapt to the bigger situation of electric current excursion, the accurate measurement of especially less electric current.Must under the situation of system works, carry out owing to detect electric current, so the above-mentioned method that seals in the direct measurement of resistance can not satisfy the requirement of native system.This circuit adopts two probe contacts and receives on the circuit of tested electric current, reaches the purpose of measurement.
The current detecting of large power LED solar energy illuminator has been used IC14-IC17 (MAX4273).MAX4273 is the high-side current detecting amplifier, uses it can measure direct current flow in the circuit easily.Circuit such as Fig. 2.
Light measuring circuit: the large power LED solar energy illuminator not only will have the function of the section of fixing time illumination, also will have the function that whether decision throws light on according to intensity of illumination.This just requires circuit to have the function that detects intensity of illumination, selects homemade 2CR2 type silicon photocell as photo-sensitive cell here.Silicon photocell is a kind of semiconductor device that directly transform light energy is become electric energy.Its structure is very simple, and the core is a large-area PN junction.The point-contact diode of a transparent glass shell and a microammeter are connected into the closed-loop path, when the tube core (PN junction) of diode when being subjected to illumination, the indicator that will see microammeter deflects, and demonstrating has electric current in the loop, and this phenomenon is called photovoltaic effect.The PN junction area of silicon photocell is more much bigger than the PN junction of diode, so the electromotive force and the electric current that produce when being subjected to illumination are also much bigger.Homemade 2CR type silicon photocell is under the incident intensity of 100mW/cm2, and open circuit voltage (needing to measure with the direct current millivoltmeter of high internal resistance) is 450～600mV, and short circuit current is 16～30mA, and conversion efficiency is 6%～12%.The output voltage of silicon photocell is directly delivered to the analog-to-digital conversion mouth of single-chip microcomputer, judges the intensity of illumination grade by single-chip microcomputer, and shines strength grade by the charactron display light, and the while single-chip microcomputer is opened several paths of LEDs according to the intensity of illumination hierarchical control system and thrown light on.
Single-chip Controlling and peripheral circuit 6. thereof
Employing " STC12C5410AD " the single-chip microcomputer integrated circuit of single-chip microcomputer " IC1 " in Single-chip Controlling and the peripheral circuit 6 thereof.
The large power LED solar energy illuminator exceeds normal range (NR) if run into parameters such as electric current, voltage or battery capacity when operation, then single-chip microcomputer will be handled these abnormal phenomenons immediately, and this just requires single-chip microcomputer to provide the interrupt response service for system.When system parameterss such as measuring voltage, electric current and temperature, analog quantity need be transformed into digital quantity, could on charactron, show the relevant parameters amount like this, so system need comprise analog-to-digital function.In view of the above requirement of system, consider the reliability of circuit, selected the STC12C5410AD single-chip microcomputer IC1 of band analog-digital conversion function for use.
The STC12C5410AD single-chip microcomputer is the compatibility 8051 kernel single-chip microcomputers of single clock/machine cycle, is a new generation's 8051 single-chip microcomputers of high speed/low-power consumption, the fully compatible tradition 8051 of instruction code, but fast 8 to 12 times of speed, the special-purpose reset circuit of inner integrated MAX810.4 road PWM, 10 analog-to-digital conversion of 8 tunnel high speeds.The STC12C5410AD single-chip microcomputer has following characteristics: enhancement mode 8051CPU, single clock/machine cycle, the compatible fully tradition 8051 of instruction code; Operating voltage is 5.5 volts-3.8 volts; Operating frequency range is the 0-35 megahertz, is equivalent to common 8051 0-420 megahertz, and actual operating frequency can reach 48 megahertzes; There is 10K in the user application space; Integrated 512 byte RAM on the sheet; Draw on 23 general I/O ports, the bidirectional interface that is as the criterion after resetting/weak, can be arranged to draw, recommend/Qiang Shangla on the accurate bidirectional interface/weak, only be input/high resistant, open Lou four kinds of patterns, each I/O port driving force all can reach 20 milliamperes, but the entire chip maximum is no more than 55 milliamperes; ISP (at system programmable)/IAP (able to programme in application) need not special-purpose programmable device, need not special-purpose simulator and can pass through the direct download user program of serial ports, and the several seconds can be finished a slice; The EEPROM function; House dog; The special-purpose reset circuit (can omit the external reset circuit when external crystal 20 megahertzes are following) of inner integrated MAX810; With outside high-precision crystal/clock, inner R/C oscillator is as the clock source, the user is when the download user program, can select to be to use inner R/C oscillator still is that external crystal/clock is as the clock source, the frequency of inner R/C oscillator is 5.2 megahertz to 6.8 megahertzes under the normal temperature, when required precision is not high, can select to use internal clocking, but, should think 4 megahertz to 8 megahertzes because have foozle and temperature to float; Totally 2 16 bit timing device/counters, but available PCA (programmable counter array) module produces 4 timers again; External interrupt 2 tunnel, trailing edge are interrupted or low level triggers interruption, and Power Down pattern can trigger interrupt mode by the external interrupt low level and wake up; 4 road PWM/PCA (programmable counter array) can be used to realize that 4 timers also can be used to realize 4 external interrupt (rising edge interruption/trailing edge interrupts all can distinguishing or supporting simultaneously) again again; 8 tunnel 10 high precision analogue conversions; General full duplex asynchronous serial port (UART) because STC12 series is 8051 of high speed, also can be realized many serial ports with timer software again; SPI synchronous communication mouth, holotype/from pattern; Operating temperature range: 0-75 degree centigrade/-40 to 85 degrees centigrade.
Reset circuit: reset operation then makes the on-chip circuit initialization of single-chip microcomputer, and single-chip microcomputer is brought into operation from a kind of definite initial state.When 2 high level more than the machine cycle appearred in the reset pin RST of single-chip microcomputer (full name RESET), single-chip microcomputer was just carried out reset operation.If RST is continuously high level, single-chip microcomputer just is in the cycle reset state.According to the requirement of using, electrification reset is realized reset operation after requiring energized automatically.Capacitor C 1 and resistance R 1 constitute differential circuit among the figure concerning power supply+5V.After powering on, keep one section high level time of RST, this is the effect of the equivalent resistance in the single-chip microcomputer.
Clock circuit: the clock signal of single-chip microcomputer is used to provide the time reference of various microoperations in the single-chip microcomputer sheet, and the design uses the internal oscillator mode.Promptly at pin XTAL1 and external crystal oscillator of XTAL2 (abbreviation crystal oscillator) or ceramic resonator.Because there is a high-gain inverting amplifier single-chip microcomputer inside, behind external crystal oscillator, has just constituted self-excited oscillator and has produced the running clock pulse.The external circuit of internal oscillator mode is shown in Fig. 1-F.Among the figure, capacitor Co1, CO2 play stable oscillation stationary vibration frequency, fast start-up, and its capacitance is generally at 5-30pF.The representative value of crystal oscillator frequency is 12MH2, adopts the situation of 6MHz also many.The clock of internal oscillator mode gained is more stable, uses more in the practical circuit.
Because the large power LED solar energy illuminator needs real-time time accurately, need operating frequency accurately, so adopt the internal oscillator mode, can obtain more accurate real-time time by the timer of single-chip microcomputer inside like this.
Interrupt circuit: the STC12C5410AD single-chip microcomputer only provides two external interrupt mouths, one of them is used for treatment system the interrupt request singal of button is set, surplus next external interrupt mouth will be handled the interrupt requests of three magnitudes of current and a voltage, so have to use four inputs and door IC9-1 (74LS21) to gather this four interrupt signals, by single-chip microcomputer these four interrupt sources are detected one by one again after the interrupt response, determine the source of interrupt signal, take corresponding strategy to handle these interruptions at last.IC8 and IC10 (LM339) are as voltage comparator, be used for judging whether its input variable exceeds normal range (NR), then send interrupt requests with door IC9 to single-chip microcomputer by four inputs if signal is undesired, get undesired factor with instant disposal system for treating, the assurance system safety is stably moved.
Real time clock circuit: the large power LED solar energy illuminator will have timing lighting, and the function that timing is turn-offed can be for the real-time clock of system reference so will have.For the purpose that reduces power consumption, the single-chip microcomputer overwhelming majority time will remain on standby mode, and this can not be waken up because of wanting response timer to handle the interruption of counter continually with regard to requiring single-chip microcomputer.And carry two counters in ground in the STC12C5410AD single-chip microcomputer all is the sixteen bit counter, suppose that the clock source of using is the external crystal-controlled oscillation of 12 megahertzes, then its timing maximum cycle is 65536 * 1E-6s=0.065536s, that is to say single-chip microcomputer under holding state per 0.065536 second will be corresponding start-stop counter interrupt, so can't reach the purpose of reduction single-chip microcomputer power consumption.Therefore the purpose of utilizing timer of single-chip microcomputer inside and timer that programmable counter array is formed one 32 that per 15 minutes just corresponding clocks of single-chip microcomputer are interrupted.So in the schematic diagram, 10 pin of STC12C5410AD single-chip microcomputer are connected with 11 pin, export pulse to counter, by the counter pulse count by the programmable counter array, per then 15 minutes clockwise CPU send and once interrupt application, finish adding up to real-time time by CPU.
Claims (7)
1. a controller of LED illuminating lamp of solar energy is characterized in that this controller comprises output voltage reduction voltage circuit (2), system parameters display circuit (3), high power LED constant-current driving circuit (4), temperature survey, current detecting, light measuring circuit (5), Single-chip Controlling and peripheral circuit (6) thereof, the solar cell (7) of sealed lead acid storage battery charge-discharge circuit (1), battery; The input of the output termination sealed lead acid storage battery charge-discharge circuit (1) of the solar cell of this controller (7), the input of the output voltage reduction voltage circuit (2) of the output termination battery of sealed lead acid storage battery charge-discharge circuit (1), the output of the output voltage reduction voltage circuit (2) of battery is welding system parameter display circuit (3) respectively, high power LED constant-current driving circuit (4), temperature survey, current detecting, light measuring circuit (5), the input of Single-chip Controlling and peripheral circuit thereof (6), high power LED constant-current driving circuit (4), temperature survey, current detecting, the output of light measuring circuit (5) connects the input of Single-chip Controlling and peripheral circuit (6) thereof.
2. controller of LED illuminating lamp of solar energy according to claim 1, it is characterized in that sealed lead acid storage battery charge-discharge circuit (1) is the center with special charging control integrated circuit " IC18 ", " 16 " pin of its output connects the base stage of transistor " PNP5 ", and " 10 " pin of output connects the inverting input of amplifier " IC8-3 ".
3. controller of LED illuminating lamp of solar energy according to claim 1, the output voltage reduction voltage circuit (2) that it is characterized in that battery is the center with integrated regulator " IC19 ", " 1 " pin of its input connects storage battery, and " 2 " pin of its output is by 5 volts of voltages of inductance coil " L4 " output.
4. controller of LED illuminating lamp of solar energy according to claim 1, it is characterized in that system parameters display circuit (3) is made up of 5 tunnel identical displays, its input connects " P3.0, P3.1 " pin of single-chip microcomputer " IC1 " in Single-chip Controlling and the peripheral circuit (6) thereof.
5. controller of LED illuminating lamp of solar energy according to claim 1, it is characterized in that high power LED constant-current driving circuit (4) is made up of three groups of identical constant-current drive circuits, its signal input part is " P2.1, P2.0, P2.7 " pin that the base stage of driving transistors " PNP2, PNP3, PNP4 " connects single-chip microcomputer " IC1 " in Single-chip Controlling and the peripheral circuit (6) thereof respectively.
6. controller of LED illuminating lamp of solar energy according to claim 1, it is characterized in that in temperature survey, current detecting, the light measuring circuit (5), " 1 " pin of temperature and resistance " IC2 " and " 3 " pin are connected in parallel on the two ends of variable resistor " R6 ", " 2 " pin of temperature and resistance " IC2 " connects the convertible tip of variable resistor " R6 ", one end ground connection of variable resistor " R6 ", the other end connect " P1.7 " pin of single-chip microcomputer " IC1 " in Single-chip Controlling and the peripheral circuit (6) thereof; One end ground connection of the light-sensitive cell that photometry is used " 2CR2 ", the other end connect " P1.6 " pin of single-chip microcomputer " IC1 " in Single-chip Controlling and the peripheral circuit (6) thereof.
7. controller of LED illuminating lamp of solar energy according to claim 1 is characterized in that employing " STC12C5410AD " the single-chip microcomputer integrated circuit of single-chip microcomputer " IC1 " in Single-chip Controlling and the peripheral circuit thereof (6).
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