CN1906311A

CN1906311A - Substrate provided with a dressing

Info

Publication number: CN1906311A
Application number: CNA2004800405055A
Authority: CN
Inventors: P·谢弗
Original assignee: BASF SE
Current assignee: BASF SE
Priority date: 2003-11-15
Filing date: 2004-11-15
Publication date: 2007-01-31
Anticipated expiration: 2024-11-15
Also published as: CN1906311B; DE20317670U1; ZA200508275B

Abstract

In order to impart the requisite softness and friction-resistance properties, but especially the requisite air- and water vapour-permeability properties, to a substrate (7) having a velvet-like, fine-grained surface, in particular a shagreen having a polished surface or a synthetic velvet provided on its visible side with a dressing (1) having a shagreened structure and made of a solidified plastic dispersion separately produced on a support having a structured surface that corresponds to the shagreened structure, the dressing (1) comprises capillaries (11) which extend through its entire and substantially constant thickness, and is joined to the substrate (7) by a thin connection layer (12) made of a solidified plastic dispersion.

Description

The base material that has the ornamenting layer

The present invention relates to a kind of base material, it has the ornamenting layer with graining in viewable side, and have velour (suede) type fine-fibered upper surface, the skiver that particularly has the polishing grain that forms upper surface, or have a synthetic velour material of the upper surface that constitutes by primitive fiber, wherein, the ornamenting layer is made of the synthetic dispersion of stabilization, and have with the backing of the corresponding line face of described graining and the bonding coat made by the synthetic dispersion that contains polyurethane(s) of stabilization on make, this bonding coat is applied on the upper surface of base material.Velvet leather (nubuck) the type outward appearance of ornamenting layer viewable side also is understood to be in the scope of term " graining ".

But the only painted full grain leather that on grain, does not have the ornamenting layer, it is so-called aniline leather, show extra high ventilative and water vapour permeability in required mode, but in these leathers, grain is not wear-resisting, not damage resistant, light fugitive and sensitive to pollution, so these leathers can not be used for vehicle interior and decorate and make shoes.

Therefore, it was suggested and be the leather (skiver that particularly on grain, polished, but also comprise split leather, and synthetic velour material) upper surface provides the ornamenting that shows graining layer, thereby makes viewable side have identical desired characteristic and have leather type outward appearance.

In currently known methods, on the silicon rubber backing, make the ornamenting layer at first separately, wherein backing has the line face corresponding with the graining of ornamenting layer.In the manufacturing of this ornamenting layer, at first will contain maximum 60 weight % but the synthetic dispersion of common 40 weight % solid parts is administered on the line face of backing, and make it stable by heat supply by blade coating, spraying, roller coat or casting (casting).After using, wet synthetic dispersion presents smooth surface immediately, but in stabilization procedures, this film of being made by synthetic dispersion is owing to detach (withdrawal) of water shrinks, dispersion is fixed in the trench of backing texture thus, and only produces extremely thin ornamenting layer or produce discontinuous ornamenting layer according to circumstances at the top end of texture.If particularly the ornamenting layer must show attractive dark particle and backing and therefore has corresponding dark profile texture, and is then particularly like this.

In addition, if can only use thin dispersion layer on backing, particularly under the situation of dark profile texture, this shortcoming is particularly evident, because can in drying process, produce other problem, cause air bubble growth and ornamenting layer to break at the particle trench place of veining backing especially thus.

Another difficulty of making the ornamenting layer on the veining backing is, usually the synthetic water dispersion that contains polyurethane(s), needs solids content to surpass 50 weight % can not obtain on market, and when drying, the low-solid content of commercial available dispersion produces strong the contraction.

If the ornamenting layer that will make separately according to this known process separates from the silicon rubber backing, constitute the viewable side of ornamenting layer so towards a side of backing line face, the particle trench of ornamenting layer only has very little thickness, on the ornamenting layer, produce predetermined breaking point thus by fluting (notching), particularly when the leather that has this ornamenting layer being carried out bending or stretching, this can produce visible damage to the ornamenting layer.Be used for maker motor-car interior trim and seat trim and footwear materials if having the leather of this ornamenting layer, then situation is like this usually.

For fear of this shortcoming, must between ornamenting layer and leather surface, provide at least one deck (logical constant sheaf) up to now to compensate.Therefore, it was suggested the contraction loss that provides thick layer of compensation to use for the first time with the compensation dispersion, this layer of compensation plays the effect of bonding coat simultaneously.

Like this, between each layer, can produce adhesion problem usually, make these layers meeting to small part separate.

Distinct disadvantage when one deck layer of compensation (if particularly have at least) that has the known leather of ornamenting layer is, can not produce required ventilative and water-permeable, because layer of compensation has sealed hole or other perforate that may exist in the thin ornamenting layer.The respiration capability that has the leather of ornamenting layer is subjected to negative impact thus.Particularly in the leather that has ornamenting layer with very coarse graining, provide very thick layer of compensation with leather bonds, this has a negative impact to the leather characteristic.

For example, from US-A 4,923, know via thick layer of compensation in 732 the ornamenting layer is adhered on the leather surface.

US-A 4,751,116 and US-A 6,177,148 a kind of leather is disclosed similarly---wherein, the ornamenting layer is adhered on the leather via several layers.One of bonding coat infiltrates the hole of ornamenting layer thus and fills up these holes, thereby greatly reduces water-permeable, and does not in fact have ventilation property.Therefore, it was suggested by mechanical means and punched finished leather.Yet the perforation that this machinery is made dies down leather and causes surface contamination.

Following base material also is known---by the dispersion on warm backing, using polyurethane(s) and contain linking agent to make its ornamenting layer.This is used according to currently known methods and carries out by blade coating, casting or with roller, can not make uniform thick-film type ornamenting layer thus.In addition, when using by the known spray method, can not make this film, because in order to obtain graining, must use bigger amount, this causes forming the different film of thickness on the particle top with the particle trench.

The base material that the objective of the invention is to avoid described shortcoming and make the aforementioned type that has the ornamenting layer, it is in softness, wear resistance, particularly showing desired characteristic aspect the required ventilative and water-permeable of comfortableness, and its ornamenting layer is made by not solvent-laden synthetic water dispersion.In addition, the objective of the invention is to avoid following shortcoming: have the imitation leather of the ornamenting layer that is formed by polymers soln and have the imitation leather that solidifies the ornamenting layer and always must be administered on the veined backing by scraper, these ornamenting layers have the thickness difference especially thus.If contact with burning cigarette by solidifying the ornamenting layer that polyurethane(s) constitutes, then can sustain damage from the teeth outwards.In addition, the not anti-solvent of these ornamenting layers.

In order to solve this purpose, the present invention proposes, the ornamenting layer has the perforation kapillary (through-capillaries) that connects its whole thickness, and has much at one thickness in particle apex zone and particle valley areas, and is adhered on the backing via the single thin layer bonding coat.Be distributed in particle apex zone and particle valley areas owing to connect kapillary, if the single thin layer bonding coat so only is provided, just can obviously improve required ventilative and water-permeable, guarantee that simultaneously whole ornamenting layer has essentially identical thickness, do not have weakened locations and all has identical intensity in all positions, therefore, under the situation of base material bending and tension, can not cause any damage to the ornamenting layer yet.Therefore, in the embodiment of base material of the present invention, do not need the base material that has the ornamenting layer is carried out machine drilling to obtain required ventilative and water-permeable, this perforation can cause the reduction of base material.

Another advantage is can so-called according to ornamenting of the present invention " low water absorbable leather ", and wherein these leathers can be breathed freely, and therefore is ventilative and permeable, but under the situation of a lot of ponding, for example under the situation of raining, different with the machine drilling leather, water can not see through this leather.

It is 0.005 millimeter to 0.05 millimeter, preferred 0.009 millimeter to 0.02 millimeter different cross section that kapillary has diameter aptly, if at least 100 capillaries, preferred at least 250 capillaries wherein are provided on 100 square centimeters surface, and when the basic straight line of these kapillaries extends, produce top condition.

According to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, kapillary is irregular to be distributed on the ornamenting layer, and the viewable side of ornamenting layer has the porous texture appearance of natural leather thus.

According to further feature of the present invention, if bonding coat contains and interrupts or during point of weakness that thickness reduces, just can guarantee to obtain best breathing freely and water-permeable.Guarantee that thus air and water vapour can almost see through through hole in the clear, these through holes are to form by the kapillary in the ornamenting layer with by the interruption that is communicated with kapillary in the bonding coat, therefore, for example, when this base material was used for footwear, the pin sweat person of being worn oneself of generation absorbed and draws via bonding coat and ornamenting layer.When furniture that base material of the present invention is used to decorate, the moisture of generation is transferred on the base material by ornamenting layer and bonding coat and is absorbed.In the specific embodiment of the present invention,, also can obtain per hour water-permeable above 1.5 milligrams/square centimeter according to DIN 53333 even thickness surpasses 2 millimeters hydrophobization leather.

Described through hole can also be made visible, because apply coloured contrast medium and it is sucked in the hole on the ornamenting laminar surface, and after drying, makes the cross-section photograph of the base material that has the ornamenting layer.

Be preferably as follows the interruption or the point of weakness that obtain in the binder layer---only provide bonding coat, thereby do not form successive layers on substrate surface top.Have been found that in this case, also can between base material and ornamenting layer, produce bondingly fully, guarantee very high ventilative and water-permeable thus.In addition, obtain required softness and high wear resistance, thereby reach desired parameters for the interior trim in the automotive industry especially, guarantee binding property good between ornamenting layer and the base material thus.

According to preferred embodiment of the present invention, bonding coat has point-like, sieve type or lattice type (in other words, netted) texture, therefore exists and interrupts, and do not have full surface (crooked time stiff sandwich structure), it can have a negative impact to ventilation property and water-permeable and bendability.Under specific circumstances, if bonding coat has 0.01 millimeter to 0.05 millimeter maximum ga(u)ge and have 0.002 millimeter to 0.01 millimeter thickness in point of weakness, just be enough to improve described characteristic, in this case, realize high ventilation and water-permeable via these thin point of weakness, and also obviously improve the bendability and the surface adhesion of leather thus.

If the upper surface of base material is fibrous, particularly forming the fine-fibered shape, if bonding coat mainly is positioned at zone, fiber peak so, then is favourable, when having the base material pressurized (loading) of this ornamenting layer, the cavity that the generation pump efficiency is answered keeps unimpeded between these fiber peaks thus.Show, in this case, between substrate fiber surface and ornamenting layer, obtain bonding fully, thus, also special because described pump efficiency should, guaranteed to obtain the ventilative and water-permeable of required height.When exerting pressure (for example by being sitting on the seat that has the facing base material) on the ornamenting layer, this pump efficiency should cause ornamenting laminated together, and produces suction effect when the pressure release of ornamenting layer, thereby moisture is absorbed by base material rapidly.The leather that has a upper surface defective when use is also advantageous in that during as base material, if finished leather, then these defectives no longer as seen because the base material upper surface is polished should obtain high ventilative and water vapour permeability in conjunction with pump efficiency.

If bonding coat is by the crosslinked synthetic material dispersions that contains polyurethane(s) of stabilization, particularly the polyester-polyurethane carbamate-dispersion by stabilization constitutes, and then is suitable.Therefore, having crystallization or partial crystallization structure at least if contain the dispersion of polyurethane(s), then is favourable.After its stabilization but before it is crosslinked, the bonding coat that is made of this dispersion is thermoplastic and has low-down softening temperature, particularly when but it still contains 2% to 10% water has dry sense of touch.This bonding coat is guaranteed the excellent bonds between base material upper surface and the ornamenting layer on the one hand, guarantees that again it can not infiltrate the fiber or the intermediate space between the fibre bundle of base material upper surface deeply and make their sclerosis, and if it is crosslinked, and then be heat-stable.

For good bonding, if synthetic dispersion contains the additive that produces adhesive attraction, particularly soft resin or soft polymer, particularly acrylate, then be favourable, by these additive improved the adhesive effect of the dispersion of partially stabilizedization.

According to further feature of the present invention, synthetic dispersion can contain diameter less than 21 microns small hollow sphere, and they form the small droplets that gas is contained in inside at the base material upper surface, and prevents that thus the synthetic dispersion that applies from further infiltrating in the base material.

Have been found that if bonding coat have 20 the gram/square metre to 90 the gram/square metre weight per unit area, then be favourable.If have the base material of not polishing or only trickle polishing upper surface, weight per unit area be adapted at 20 the gram/square metre to 45 the gram/square metre between, if have the base material and the split leather of degree of depth polishing upper surface, then be adapted at 45 grams/square metre to 90 grams/square metre between.

If the ornamenting layer not only has essentially identical thickness, also have much at one texture and identical density in all cross section, then can aspect ventilative and water vapour permeability, obtain best in quality, and therefore have same intensity in all positions and do not have weakened locations, weakened locations can cause the damage of ornamenting layer when base material bending that has the ornamenting layer and stretching.

The ornamenting layer is preferably by the stabilization polyurethane ester dispersion that contains linking agent with high softening-point with preferably have crystallization or partial crystallization structure and the constituting of the stabilization polyurethane ester dispersion that contains linking agent (this dispersion was thermoplastic) with low point of weakness before crosslinked.By be used in combination produced the polyurethane ester dispersion of rubber-like heat-resistant film before crosslinked and preferably have crystallization or the thermoplastic polyurethanes dispersion of partial crystallization structure as the starting material of tackiness agent, can obtain desired characteristic in the best way.

According to further feature of the present invention, the ornamenting layer can contain diameter less than 21 microns small hollow sphere to form closed pore.

Different with known ornamenting layer, this ornamenting layer does not show foam texture (it is with unacceptable mode storing liquid), but has ventilative and water vapour permeability by means of connecting kapillary.

According to further feature of the present invention, the particle top of ornamenting layer can have the little smooth bumps part of microcosmic to avoid or to reduce the ornamenting layer and pollute, particularly under light situation.Yet the present invention can also provide the velvet leather texture for ornamenting layer viewable side, stretches out fine hair from the ornamenting layer, and they also constitute bossing.Bossing suitably has 3 microns to 60 microns, preferred 5 microns to 15 microns diameter, and 110 microns maximum length, and closely arranges.These bossings can have the fine hair outward appearance, cause the wet soiling of the smooth surface of these bossings to stay put and can not be absorbed in the small intermediate space between the particle top or be absorbed in the velvet leather texture, and prevent that at ornamenting layer upper surface dust from sticking on the whole surface thus.

If the ornamenting layer contains wax and/or siloxanes (can change the surface tension of ornamenting layer with respect to water thus) in its viewable side, then can further improve this active effect.

In addition, according to the present invention, can provide extremely thin ornamenting layer in the viewable side of ornamenting layer, it can not have a negative impact to ventilative and water vapour permeability, can influence gripability and flash of light glossiness by it.

May be able to exist polymer impregnated, it be inhaled into as in the leather of base material and be used for bonding buffing dirt (buffing dust) and particulate stabilization, to ventilative and water vapour permeability without any influence, and can be without a moment's thought.

According to the present invention, on the substrate surface opposite with upper surface, particularly on undressed (fresh) surface, provide preferably have surpass 250 grams/square metre weight per unit area and have the tough synthetic weaving or the knit goods of outstanding fiber, thereby bigger volume is provided and makes the easier grasping of its viewable side for the base material of ornamenting.By only between fiber, producing adhesive effect, produce bonding between this weaving or knit goods and the base material.This weaving or knit goods can be covered by shallow layer.

Be used to make the animal hides costliness of leather, so these rawhides must obtain optimum utilization.If on the monoblock leather of making by this animal hides, form the ornamenting layer, so in further use, because the different characteristic in each zone of rawhide can produce quite a large amount of wastes with single procedure of processing.In order to avoid this waste as far as possible and to guarantee the optimum utilization of leather hide, advantageously, tell moulding section (shaped sections) according to the present invention from this rawhide, thus, if cut into slices in the moulding of abdomen the part between the ribs and the hips or abdomen area, then the ornamenting layer presents the graining of dark profile, and presents smooth graining in the central zone.

The present invention relates to make the method for ornamenting layer, this ornamenting layer is at base material, skiver particularly, the viewable side that has the split leather that polishes upper surface or have a synthetic velour material of the upper surface that is made of primitive fiber presents graining, wherein, at first, in order to form the ornamenting layer, what constitute by silicon rubber, use the synthetic water dispersion on the corresponding backing of the graining of superficial makings and ornamenting layer, and make its stabilization film forming, and use the synthetic dispersion that forms bonding coat at the upper surface of base material, and the base material that will have this upper surface places on the described film, and pressurize and thermal treatment, the inventive method mainly comprises, on backing, use the synthetic dispersion that contains solvent-free polyurethane(s) and linking agent with the uniform temperature that is lower than 105 ℃, should synthetic dispersion when contacting with backing stabilization immediately, and after the water evaporation, form thickness and be lower than 0.04 millimeter even thick film with texture.Make thin ornamenting layer thus on backing, its integral body has proximate thickness and contains the kapillary that passes whole thickness distribution.

Described synthetic dispersion by the polyurethane ester dispersion that contains linking agent with high softening-point with preferably have crystallization or partial crystallization structure and have the constituting of the polyurethane ester dispersion that contains linking agent (this dispersion was thermoplastic) of low softening point before crosslinked.

To synthesize dispersion by the thin spraying of being made by the very little nozzle of diameter is administered on the backing, its amount of application is so low, make water in the way that leads to the heating backing, leave synthetic dispersion, in any case and, this synthetic dispersion stabilization immediately when touching backing, synthetic like this dispersion can not be absorbed in the particle trench of veining backing, in any case but, all form uniform thick net type film in all positions, produce described kapillary thus.

Preferred line face by casting and make backing by the graining of natural leather.

Especially,, can also make the line face of backing so, thereby on the backing surface, produce the texture have fine hair by laser treatment if the surface of ornamenting layer must show the velour effect.The ornamenting laminated striation face that can utilize negative (master) to make to make by laser treatment increases.

Preferably, can use the backing that constitutes by the crosslinked silicon rubber of extra (additionally) of Shore hardness between 25Shore A to 70Shore A.This backing has pressure elasticity in required mode, thereby can not destroy particle appearance in follow-up pressurization and heat treatment process.In addition, in the laser treatment process of extra crosslinked silicon rubber, can not produce the free radical of any its formation of obstruction, thereby can form depression in silicon rubber, the recess of formation has fine hair or fine-fibered clump outward appearance subsequently and produces the velvet leather effect on the ornamenting layer.

Suitably, backing by density be higher than 110 gram/square centimeters, the heat-conducting silicon rubber that preferably is higher than 120 gram/square centimeters constitutes, and produces good thermal conductivity by it, this is necessary for the even heating in the synthetic dispersion spraying process.In order to improve thermal conductivity, can in backing, embed mineral filler.Preferably, backing has 1 millimeter to 3 millimeters thickness, and to be adhered to the thickness that is made of aluminium be on 1 millimeter to 3 millimeters the heat conduction supporting mass.This heat conduction supporting mass guarantees that heat is evenly distributed on the backing.

According to the present invention, with one-package adhesive backing is adhered on the heat conduction supporting mass, in this tackiness agent, can embed the light fleece upper leather material that weight per unit area is lower than the synthon of 150 gram/square centimeters.By this embedding, thermal conductivity can be obstructed, but can greatly limit the thermal expansion of silicon rubber.

To synthesize dispersion is administered on the base material upper surface, this dispersion mainly is made of the polyurethane ester dispersion that has low softening point and preferably have crystallization or partial crystallization structure and contain linking agent, be used for forming bonding sheet according to the present invention, and it is rapid stabilization when contacting with the base material upper surface, and produces discontinuous bonding coat.Yet this synthetic dispersion can also be able to produce the mode of the bonding coat of the point of weakness that has the thickness reduction and use.Described using is similar to form using of synthetic dispersion that the ornamenting layer carries out on the silicon rubber backing, but in this case, when dispersion contacts with the base material upper surface, owing to being absorbed by base material, water make water detach dispersion, therefore form reticular membrane on upper surface, the situation when this contacts with warm backing with the dispersion that is used to form the ornamenting layer is similar.

If the leather as base material is that water hydrophobization and that therefore absorb is less, the heating leather is suitable before using the dispersion that forms bonding coat so.

About forming the dispersion of bonding coat, can use the composition that becomes known for making tackiness agent.

Providing for ornamenting layer upper surface before this is applied in synthetic dispersion on the base material upper surface, should synthetic dispersion should hold up drying, but preferably still contain residue moisture, this synthetic dispersion is placed on the film on the backing, this film is not moisture substantially and show net-like texture, and can not take place crosslinked as yet.

After this, according to the present invention, under the pressure 60 ℃ to 105 ℃ temperature and maximum 5 kilograms/square centimeter between the pressurization elastic plate, will be used to form the ornamenting layer and be positioned on the backing and show the mould system of net-like texture, be equipped with backing on this film, form bonding coat with synthetic dispersion.In this compacting (it carries out under heating effect) process, form bonding coat and be positioned at film deliquescing on the base material, because its softening temperature is lower than the softening temperature that forms the ornamenting layer and be positioned at the film on the backing, therefore, the kapillary in the ornamenting layer is kept.The not liquefaction but the film that forms bonding coat becomes sticky, like this, the kapillary in the ornamenting layer can not sealed by it, and this film can not flow to together, thereby has kept its texture and kept the interruption in the bonding coat.Thus, guarantee on the one hand fully bonding between ornamenting layer and the base material upper surface, guaranteed to obtain required breathing freely and water-permeable on the other hand.

After compacting, the base material that has the ornamenting layer can be hung at last and remain drying, with complete drying and crosslinked.

Explain the present invention in more detail by accompanying drawing.Fig. 1 has shown the known method of making the ornamenting layer on the backing that is made of silicon rubber with cross-sectional view, and Fig. 2 has shown the structure of the leather of making according to currently known methods that has the ornamenting layer with cross-sectional view.Fig. 3 has shown the leather that has the ornamenting layer according to of the present invention with cross-sectional view, and Fig. 4 has shown the cross section that has the leather of ornamenting layer according to of the present invention with abundant amplification form.Fig. 5 has shown the particle top of ornamenting layer with the form of abundant amplification sectional view.Fig. 6 has represented another embodiment that has the leather of ornamenting layer according to of the present invention with cross-sectional view.Fig. 7 has shown another embodiment that has the leather of ornamenting layer according to of the present invention with abundant amplification schematic cross-section form, and Fig. 8 has shown the leather that has the ornamenting layer according to of the present invention with cross-sectional view similarly, and it has synthetic weaving or knit goods in undressed side (neat side).Fig. 9 has represented the device synoptic diagram of making the ornamenting layer on backing, and Figure 10 has represented the device synoptic diagram that is used for the ornamenting layer is adhered to the leather upper surface.Figure 11 has been provided by the viewable side of the ornamenting layer that provides on leather according to the present invention.

From Fig. 1, can know and find out, synthetic dispersion is used on surface 3 (it has the corresponding texture of graining with ornamenting layer to be made) by blade coating, spraying, roller coat or this backing 2 of casting, thereby on the backing 2 that constitutes by silicon rubber, make ornamenting layer 1 according to currently known methods, in the specific embodiment according to Fig. 1, this dispersion contains about 55% solid part.After just using, this synthetic dispersion shows the smooth upper surface 4 shown in the dotted line among Fig. 1.After by the heat supply drying, on backing 2, synthetic dispersion is shunk owing to water detaches, thereby the film that forms thus has the particle of presenting trench and particle vertical surperficial 5.As can be seen from the figure, because synthetic dispersion is absorbed in from the intermediate space between the particle top 6 that backing 2 stretches out, the gained film is extremely thin at the particle apex zone 6 that stretches out from backing 2, therefore the danger that has fracture and damage.

Fig. 2 has represented known leather 7, and it has ornamenting layer 1 according to Fig. 1.Now represent viewable side towards ornamenting layer 1 surface of backing 2 among Fig. 1, thus, can know from figure and find out that the particle trench 8 of ornamenting layer 1 has minimum thickness.Must provide several layers of layer of

compensation

9 and 10 remedying this shortcoming between leather and ornamenting layer 1, layer of compensation 9 is made of foam materials in the example wherein shown in the figure, and layer of compensation 10 forms bonding coats.These relatively thicker layers of compensation desirably do not improved integral thickness, and cause the hole that may exist in the ornamenting layer 1 etc. to be closed especially, therefore no longer have ventilation property and obviously reduce water-permeable.

In Fig. 3 and 4, shown the leather 7 that has ornamenting layer 1 according to the present invention, particularly polished leather or split leather on grain.Can know from figure and find out that ornamenting layer 1 shows essentially identical thickness d at particle apex zone and particle valley areas.Therefore do not have the weakened locations of thickness reduction, this weakened locations can have a negative impact to the stability of ornamenting layer 1.

Be clear that further that from Fig. 3 and Fig. 4 ornamenting layer 1 demonstrates the perforation kapillary with varying cross-section that basic straight line connects whole thickness, guarantee to obtain required ventilative and water-permeable by it.These kapillaries are closely arranged mutually brokenly, thereby make ornamenting layer 1 have the appearance of pores of animal hides, and have 0.009 millimeter to 0.02 millimeter cross section.

Ornamenting layer 1 is to carry out via the extremely thin bonding coat 12 of individual layer with the bonding of leather 7, and it is breathed freely substantially and be permeable.

For this reason, bonding coat 12 can only provide on the part surface of leather 7, maybe can have weakened locations and/or interruption that thickness reduces.

Ornamenting layer 1 is made of stabilized dispersion, and it contains some and has the polyurethane(s) and the linking agent of partial crystallization structure at least, and has identical texture and identical thickness in all cross section.

The right hand portion of Fig. 5 has shown the particle top on the surface of the ornamenting layer 1 with graining with the ratio of abundant amplification, therefrom as can be seen, it is 5 microns to 15 microns smooth bumps part 13 microcosmic, little, compact arranged that the particle top of ornamenting layer 1 can have diameter, and they can have the form of fine hair or fine-fibered clump and have 110 microns maximum length.These bossings make moistening especially pollutent stay on the smooth surface, and can not fall into the cavity between the particle top.Utilize known lotus leaf effect thus to a certain extent, and avoid dust to be completely fixed on this surface.

If be close to the material (they have changed the surface tension of ornamenting layer with respect to water) that ornamenting layer region (it forms viewable side subsequently) on the silicon rubber backing contains a spot of for example wax or siloxanes and so on, also be in order to reach identical purpose.

Fig. 6 has shown an embodiment with the form of amplification sectional view, and wherein leather has matte type upper surface 14, and it is formed by the polishing grain when using skiver, is that the ornamenting face by final polishing forms when the use split leather.Fiber or fibre bundle 15 stretch out from this upper surface 14, and cavity 16 therebetween keeps unimpeded.Porous ornamenting layer 1 is provided on upper surface 14, and the ornamenting layer is applied on the backing of the performance branching face that is made of silicon rubber, and adds the synthetic dispersion of the identical stabilization of thermosetting by it.Ornamenting layer 1 has the perforation kapillary, and it does not show in the drawings.If take off the ornamenting layer from leather 7 by mechanical means or by chemical reagent, keep slight stretched state facing to light source then, just confirm the hole texture that forms by these kapillaries easily.

Ornamenting layer 1 carries out via bonding coat 12 with the bonding of leather upper surface 14, as shown in the figure, bonding coat only part distributes and is positioned at the apex zone of fiber or fibre bundle 15 especially, thereby the cavity 16 basic maintenances between these fibers or the fibre bundle 15 are not capped.Produce highly air-permeable and water-permeable thus, when the leather 7 that has ornamenting layer 5 is exerted pressure, produce pump efficiency and answer, make its further raising thus.

As shown in the chart clearly, in the abundant amplification cross section of object of the present invention, bonding coat 12 is positioned on the velour type upper surface 14 substantially, and the characteristic outward appearance that it has the matte section leather of polishing had so-called " efflorescence (chalking) effect " before applying ornamenting layer 1.Bonding coat 12 concentrates on the upper area of fiber or fibre bundle 15, and part is positioned at its side regions, the bottom that the cavity 16 of bonding coat 12 between fiber or fibre bundle 15 of reduction only arranged thus in all cases, its with fiber or fibre bundle 15 tops and side regions in the bonding coat 12 that exists do not link to each other, therefore between them, produce air chamber.

Fig. 7 has shown an embodiment, and wherein for skiver polished on its grain 7 or have the split leather 7 that polishes upper surface ornamenting layer 1 is provided, it has the perforation kapillary 11 that connects its whole thickness.Ornamenting layer 1 is made of the crosslinked synthetic dispersion of the stabilization that contains polyurethane(s), and following in manufacturing separately on the silicon rubber that has the line face---be applied to the polyurethane ester aqueous dispersion on the warm backing 2 with thin Sprayable, this is sprayed at stabilization immediately after the contact backing, forms required perforation kapillary 11 thus in stabilized dispersion.

After stabilization just, the ornamenting layer of making separately thus 11 is administered on this upper surface via the bonding coat 12 that is applied on leather 7 upper surfaces.In embodiment shown in Figure 7, bonding coat 12 shows point-like, sieve type or lattice type, has net type texture thus, thereby only produce bonding between the upper surface of leather 7 and the ornamenting layer 1 at each position or point, and produce between them and interrupt 17, these interruptions are communicated with the kapillary 11 of ornamenting layer 1 also guarantees required ventilative and water vapour permeability thus.

The interruption 17 that forms net type texture can have any desired shape, and for example circle, rectangle or linear can also have any other suitable shape.

In embodiment shown in Figure 8, not only in bonding coat 12, provide this type of to interrupt 17, it also has weakened locations 18, its thickness is starkly lower than all the other thickness of bonding coat 12, therefore by these weakened locations, can obviously improve ventilative and water-permeable, and improve the binding property between bendability and leather upper surface and the ornamenting layer.

Thus, bonding coat 17 suitably has 0.01 millimeter to 0.05 millimeter maximum ga(u)ge, and weakened locations 18 only has 0.002 millimeter to 0.01 millimeter thickness.

In embodiment shown in Figure 8, the synthetic weaving or the knit goods 21 that have the obvious trellis that stretches out fiber are provided on the green surface 19 of leather 17, they can be covered by shallow layer 20.Provide bigger volume for finished leather thus.

Bonding between green surface and weaving or the knit goods carried out via tackiness agent, and this adhesive effect only produces between fiber.

This embodiment is at the moulding section particularly advantageous that is formed by leather of the present invention that is used for making footwear, because in this case, the open cell type shallow layer plays the effect of lining material, and needn't use this filler separately thus.Because the good water-permeable of this leather in footwear, the pin sweat of generation is discharged, and because good ventilation property, when leather of the present invention is used for automotive seat and ornament furnishings, the ventilation of footwear internal space.

Under illumination, amplify 45 times and stretched at about 25% o'clock, the perforation kapillary 11 in the ornamenting layer 1 (they form net-like texture) is high-visible.When removing the ornamenting layer, find out that under 16 times of amplifications bonding coat 12 existing thick positions have weakened locations again, and also provide vesicular to interrupt in weakened locations by means of solvent machinery or chemistry from bonding coat 12.The ornamenting film has 0.06 millimeter maximum ga(u)ge under 2 kilograms/square centimeter pressure, the thickness of loose to establish (loosened) ornamenting layer.

In all described embodiments, in ornamenting layer 1 and bonding coat 12, can provide diameter less than 21 microns small hollow sphere.

Leather of the present invention has aspect ventilative and the water-permeable and the similar extremely identical characteristic of semi-aniline leather, and is better than the leather of machine drilling, but its viewable side can be carried mechanical force equally well, and fast light and antidusting.

The present invention is specially adapted to ox-hide, but also is applicable to pigskin polished on grain, calf skin, goatskin and lamb skin, and particularly when this leather was used for the footwear manufacturing, this external use also was like this when synthesizing velvet leather as base material.

Explain the manufacturing of ornamenting layer 1 in more detail by Fig. 9.Pressure elastic backing 2 (its line face 3 is corresponding to the graining of ornamenting layer to be made) is fixed on the heat conduction supporting plate 23 of aluminium flake, heats so that the surface 3 of backing 2 has about 80 ℃ temperature by heating unit.Backing 2 is used the polyurethane ester dispersion of thin spraying 25 forms simultaneously towards the direction motion of arrow 26 by nozzle of small diameter 24 on this heating surface 3.At the latest when contacting with the warm surfaces 3 of backing 2, spraying 24 the stabilizations that detach because of water, thus on backing 2, form the thin web type film that contains kapillary 11.In case this film is held up drying, just this upper surface with leather 7 (used on its upper surface and be useful on the synthetic dispersion that forms bonding coat 12) places on the described film, and suppresses in press shown in Figure 10 with backing 2.This press comprises two metal platen 27,28, embeds heating unit 29 therein.Pressing plate 27,28 can waterpower move on supporting mass 30.

Have pressure elastic layer 31 on the pressing plate 27 of top.Leather 7 (is placed its upper surface that contains bonding coat 12 on the ornamenting layer 1, this ornamenting layer is positioned on the backing 2) place between the pressing plate 27,28 with backing 2, apply about 3.5 kilogram/square centimeter controllable pressure by these pressing plates this moment, simultaneously pressing plate 27,28 is heated to about 90 ℃ controllable temperature.On the one hand, because pressure elastic support body 31, on the other hand,, guaranteed in the process of exerting pressure, to keep kapillary 11 in the ornamenting layer 1 and the interruption in the bonding coat 12, and guaranteed required ventilative and water-permeable thus because backing 2 forms the pressure elasticity.

Figure 11 has shown the photo of the ornamenting layer of making that leather of the present invention had on backing 2.Use light source irradiation right hand portion A when taking pictures, and clearly show that this ornamenting layer has net type texture, it is to connect kapillary, and left field B (wherein downside is capped) clearlys show the graining of ornamenting layer.

By these accompanying drawings, explained the present invention as base material with leather.Except leather, can also use synthetic matte material as base material.

Embodiment 1

With thickness be about 1.2 millimeters and be of a size of 2.10 square metres low atomizing (fogging) grey chrome tanning calf skin on its grain with slightly polishing of sand paper grain 280, this has kept pore substantially.After this leather was rolled (walk) 6 hours.

With 88 grams/square metre amount the polyurethane(s) dispersion mixture is administered on the silicon rubber pressure elastic backing that thickness is about 2 millimeters, it is on 1.5 millimeters the aluminium flake supporting plate that this backing bottom is glued to thickness, the texture of this backing is on the contrary corresponding to natural wholegrain face calf skin, and whole temperature with 91 ℃.Dispersion mixture mainly is about 195 ℃ thermoplastic polyurethanes dispersion by 680 gram softening temperatures, and (it is after water detaches, can not be melted, because fail temperature is lower than fusing point) and 250 gram softening temperatures be about 62 ℃ particulate thermoplastic polyurethanes dispersion (its fusing point is about 95 ℃, and its bounding point starts from about 55 ℃ in dry back just, before crosslinked) and constitute.

In addition, this dispersion mixture contains 80% polyisocyanate crosslinking agent (with respect to the polyurethane(s) solid material part of dispersion) of 4 weight %, 8.5 the solid content of the black pigment of weight % (with respect to polymer/solid material part), 2.5 weight % be the diameter of about 45% siloxanes operation properties-correcting agent, 1 weight % (with respect to gross weight) less than 21 microns small hollow sphere, and the thickening material of 0.5 weight % based on acrylate.This mixture contains the polymer solids material part of about 35 weight %.Under the pressure of 65 crust, under the situation of not mixing air, use by two nozzles (diameter that has 0.46 millimeter separately).

80 centimetres at interval of two nozzles and continuous backing, relative spacing is turned up the soil and is provided with continuously on backing direction of motion, and with respect to this direction of motion transverse movement.Backing is slightly larger than calf skin.After about 14 seconds, the backing process has the spray position of two nozzles, and still has about 59 ℃ temperature.After applying about 85 ℃ dry warm air and reaching two minutes, not moisture or moisture hardly by the ornamenting layer that net type film constitutes.

Simultaneously, the dispersion that will contain the polyurethane ester mixture equally by two nozzles (they have 0.52 millimeter diameter, and are about 80 ° from the spray angle that nozzle comes out) under the situation of not mixing air is sprayed onto on the leather.Amount of application is about 90 grams/square metre wet amount.Use this quantity for spray, after arriving leather, detach so many water, contain many continuous net type textures capillaceous thereby produce by wicking action.In addition, under the situation of not heat supply, sprayed coating was held up drying after three minutes, and form the thermoplastic bonded layer, leather therewith can be placed on (the ornamenting layer still is positioned on the preferred still warm backing) on the ornamenting layer, and be adhered on this ornamenting layer between the pressure elastic support body of heated press.

Because the thermal conductive resin of aluminum supporting plate, heat is absorbed by press rapidly and is delivered on the thermoplastic bonded layer.When the pressure temperature of heating plate is that pressure on 90 ℃, leather is the folded temperature in that the backing of leather arranged in about 2 crust and top when being 48 ℃, be enough the time of lag that is lower than 25 seconds in press.The bonding advantage that not only in pressing process, provides between the pressure elastic surface of backing and the aluminium supporting mass, and in spraying process, also provide advantage, because warm aluminium sheet plays the effect of scatterer, and in spraying process, continuously heat is transmitted on the backing.

The thermoplastic polyurethanes dispersion mixture that forms bonding coat contains 700 gram softening temperatures substantially and is about 62 ℃ and initial bounding point is about 55 ℃ thin polyurethane ester dispersion, polyacrylic ester, the 200 gram softening temperatures that 180 grams are very soft are about 170 ℃ polyurethane(s), the linking agent of 9 weight % (with respect to all compositions) and the black pigment of 3 weight %.The leather of making almost have after the polishing with before identical softness.It has 3.6 milligrams/square centimeter hours water vapor transmission, and extremely ventilative, thereby can blow over air with mouth.

Embodiment 2

With thickness be 1.10 millimeters to 1.25 millimeters and be of a size of 5.2 square metres no chrome tanning atomizing light/dark balance ox-hide on its grain with 150 polishings of buffing paper particle, mill subsequently (rolling) 12 hours.After rolling, the abdomen the part between the ribs and the hips is spongy and becomes dual skin, and in by the process of currently known methods with the polishing of monoblock rawhide, is making about 50% area become unavailable after the polishing in surface treatment process, and having middle close grain.

The centre portions (core piece) that records rawhide is 1.95 square metres, and its particle is still fixing to a certain extent after rolling, and be fit to by in thin dipping polish.Take off this part and be prepared from rawhide.

On 90 ℃ heating supporting mass (its line face is on the contrary corresponding to middle soft sheep leather texture) thus, by as embodiment 1 described three nozzles with 135 grams/square metre amount use synthetic dispersion mixture, thereby make to form the net type film of ornamenting layer.What provide among the composition of dispersion mixture and the embodiment 1 is different, and difference only is to use 580 grams to replace 680 gram non-thermal plasticity polyurethane(s), and uses 350 grams to replace 250 gram thermoplastic polyurethanes.

In whole spraying process, the backing surface is warm, because the aluminium flake supporting plate is delivered to heat on the backing.

Approximately simultaneously, as described in embodiment 1, place on about 39 ℃ warm backing leather centre portions (as described in embodiment 1, spraying synthetic dispersion) and compacting together thereon to form bonding coat.After compaction procedure, leather is hung storage 30 minutes, place then on the palette (palette).The surface of making does not show any funnel type collapse position, and the many type capillarys that run through that exist are with all invisible.Water vapor transmission is 2.9 milligrams/square centimeter hours.Can blow over air with mouth.

Embodiment 3:

Get the coarse moulding section that is used for automotive seat at spongy leather abdomen the part between the ribs and the hips.In first step, will be sprayed onto on 95 ℃ of warm pressure elastic silicone rubber backings with identical amount with embodiment 1 described identical mixture with two nozzles, this backing line face is on the contrary corresponding to very coarse grain, and 0.05 millimeter of the difference average out between particle top and the particle trench wherein.Thus, all produce the uniform thick net type film that is used to form the ornamenting layer on the particle top and at the particle trench.After this, as shown in Figure 2, by nozzle with mixture with 60 the gram/square metre amount be sprayed onto on the about 65 ℃ warm film that is positioned on the backing.This spray-painting is stabilization when arriving the warm coating of spraying for the first time, and all strengthens first film equably at particle apex zone and particle valley areas thereupon.By moving application roll equably, be used to form bonding coat according to the thermoplastic dispersion mixture of embodiment 1 with about 55 grams/square metre amount be administered on the leather, have thicker and roughly successive film thinner region thereby produce.As their being placed as described in the embodiment 1 and compressed together.

Finished leather no longer is spongiform, is softish and has 1.9 milligrams/square centimeter. hour water vapor transmission, and can blow over air.

Embodiment 4:

As preparation as described in the embodiment 2 thick 1.2 millimeters to 1.3 millimeters and be of a size of the ox-hide of 1.6 square metres meticulous polishing.It is still so ventilative after ornamenting---air can be blown over, and have with ornamenting before much at one softness.

Embodiment 5:

In order to make the leather that has velvet leather type ornamenting layer, use the silicon rubber backing, it also has trickle depression except uneven surface.These depressions that are used to form velvet leather type effect are that the laser treatment by the backing surface produces.

Is that about 25% trickle especially low viscosity polyurethane ester dispersion is sprayed onto on 40 ℃ of warm backings by high pressure spray nozzle with solid material content, and this backing is bonded on the aluminium flake supporting plate.Dispersion comprises the non-thermal plasticity polyurethane(s) that surpasses 80 weight %, and contains 60% siloxanes water dispersion and pigment of 5% linking agent and 4%.Amount of application be about 60 the gram/square metre.After this, the siloxanes backing is heated to 60 ℃, and uses 1 described polyurethane(s) dispersion mixture thereon as embodiment by two nozzles.This twice dispersion used and formed the ornamenting layer with trickle net type texture.

Chrome tanning leather (its grain polishes and rolled 8 hours with buffing paper particle 320) is cut into the moulding section that is used for automotive seat.As described in embodiment 1, in this moulding section, use bonding coat.As described in embodiment 1, suppress equally.The leather of making has the velvet leather surface of attracting hand feel and drape, and reaches all parameters of automotive industry.It has water vapor transmission and can blow over air with mouth.

Have been found that, use base material of the present invention, after crosslinked fully, not only can obviously improve ventilative and water vapour permeability, can also obviously improve mechanical strength property, particularly if wear resistance and scratch resistance particularly in order to form the ornamenting layer, are used known non-thermal plasticity polyurethane ester dispersion and known to the raw-material polyurethane ester dispersion of tackiness agent.Have been found that usable floor area is 100 square centimeters this base material of making, under 2 bar pressures, produce air flow quantity above 10 liters/minute.

By mixing these dispersions, not only can change required softening temperature, can also improve other characteristic.

Base material of the present invention is compared with known base material, regardless of its manufacture method, contains under suitable thickness and has the obviously higher water-permeable and the ornamenting layer of highly air-permeable, and this character is non-existent in other base material that contains suitable thickness ornamenting layer.These base materials also reach the CROCKMETERTEST and the MEK requirement of US automotive industry regulation.MEK feeds in the hole of base material, but damaging surface and do not cause tonal variation not.

Have and have the velvet leather surface base material of the ornamenting layer of (its contain fine hair), compare, reach all parameters of automotive industry regulation with real velvet leather.They are preserved easily, can not become oil, keep mute light, and compare with synthetic velvet leather, can not burn and have thermotolerance and solvent resistance.

Embodiment 6:

In order to provide the surface of the fine-fibered with velvet leather effect for the leather that has fine-fibered velour type surface and by the fabric substrate that primitive fiber constitutes, thereby make the material of these two kinds of different substrate materials present identical surface subsequently, program is following carries out, they will be in automobile or as decorative covering in conjunction with processing.

Backing is made of silicon rubber and has anti-velvet leather texture, this means surface irregularity and contains depression, and this causes forming fine hair or fine-fibered clump.On backing, closely form these depressions abreast by laser.Cover this opposed surface of silicon rubber backing with the synthetic materials paper tinsel, so that the negative texture forward of siloxane surface is transferred on the synthetic paper tinsel.Should play the negative effect that is used to form the silicon rubber backing by synthetic paper tinsel, wherein contain the velvet leather texture again.Its advantage is to use each silicon rubber backing of laser treatment, because according to the present invention, can the laser form be increased with negative.

Backing has 2 millimeters thickness, and by adhesive bond to aluminium flake, and have 2 millimeters length and 1.5 millimeters width.Backing is heated to 66 ℃ under as embodiment 1 described condition.

Simultaneously, (its cavity is filled with and solidifies polyurethane(s) with the leather of synthetic dispersion spraying primitive fiber and matte material, it has the velour type surface that is formed by the primitive fiber that stretches out as described in the embodiment 1 thus), and after about 5 minutes, two kinds of base materials all are in one's hands up to be placed on the still warm backing under the dry situation, and is compressed on together under the condition listed as embodiment 1.

After about 15 seconds, material is taken out from press.It has the high-quality velvet leather effect that has the trickle fine hair that stretches out, and this represents the typical result of velvet leather.

Can blow through the velvet leather material, and after crosslinked, cigarette can be pressed in them and go up and do not damage them.Can also make its with many solvents, especially contact with MEK and do not damage its surface with benzene.

Two kinds of materials all have tangible pump efficiency answers, and this means that the water droplet that applies penetrates the ornamenting layer and enters base material in pressurization at short notice and the release of pressure process.Two kinds of materials that have velvet leather type surface are compared with true velvet leather, all have the advantage that can not become oil.Under the situation that does not have pump efficiency to answer, be applied to the lip-deep water droplet that discharges and in two minutes, infiltrate the surface.

Before spraying, synthetic base material always downcuts from network with the form of moulding section or coarse moulding section.

Significantly advantage is, make leather and fabric substrate by primitive fiber with identical velvet leather surface, and if they in conjunction with processing, then be preferably in cooperate on color and gripability and the degree of aging consistent, just after for a long time, the ornamenting layer of two kinds of materials has identical outward appearance.

Velvet leather effect of the present invention or grain effect also have the quality higher than velvet leather effect.Within the scope of the invention, can provide velvet leather ornamenting layer for the primitive fiber velour (Alcantara that for example has the velour effect) that solidifies and polish, it is chosen wantonly has high quality side by side except shortcoming, for example lacks temperature continuity, contamination etc.

Claims

1. a base material (7), it has the ornamenting layer (1) with graining in viewable side, and have a velour type fine-fibered upper surface, the skiver that particularly has the polishing grain that forms upper surface, or have a synthetic velour material of the upper surface that constitutes by primitive fiber, wherein ornamenting layer (1) is made of the synthetic dispersion of stabilization, and make having on the bonding coat (12) of going up with the backing (2) of the corresponding line face of described graining (3) and forming by the synthetic dispersion that contains polyurethane(s) of stabilization, this bonding coat is applied on the upper surface of base material (7), it is characterized in that ornamenting layer (1) contains the perforation kapillary (11) that connects its whole thickness, and in (6) zone, particle top and particle trench (8) zone have identical thickness (d) substantially, and be adhered on the base material (7) via single thin layer bonding coat (12).

2. according to the base material of claim 1, it is characterized in that kapillary (11) has different cross sections.

3. according to the base material of claim 1, it is characterized in that kapillary (11) brokenly arranged distribution in ornamenting layer (1).

4. according to claim 1,2 or 3 base material, it is characterized in that kapillary (11) has 0.005 millimeter to 0.05 millimeter, preferred 0.009 millimeter to 0.02 millimeter diameter.

5. according to each base material of claim 1 to 4, it is characterized in that ornamenting layer (1) contains at least 100 capillaries on 100 square centimeters area, preferably at least 250 capillaries (11).

6. according to each base material of claim 1 to 5, it is characterized in that the basic straight line of kapillary (11) extends.

7. according to the base material of claim 1, it is characterized in that bonding coat (12) has interruption.

8. according to the base material of claim 1, it is characterized in that bonding coat (12) has the weakened locations (18) that thickness reduces.

9. according to the base material of claim 1, it is characterized in that bonding coat (12) only local arrangements on base material (7) surface.

10. according to the base material of claim 1, it is characterized in that bonding coat (12) has point-like, sieve shape or trellis, preferred net-like texture.

11., it is characterized in that bonding coat (12) has 0.01 millimeter to 0.05 millimeter maximum ga(u)ge, and have 0.002 millimeter to 0.01 millimeter thickness in weakened locations (18) according to the base material of claim 8

12. according to the base material of claim 1, it is characterized in that its upper surface (14) is fibrous, preferably fine-fibered shape, and bonding coat (12) mainly is positioned at the zone at fiber peak, thereby the cavity (16) that the peak-to-peak generation pump efficiency of these fibers is answered keeps unimpeded.

13., it is characterized in that bonding coat (12) is made of the crosslinked synthetic dispersion that contains polyurethane(s) of stabilization according to the base material of claim 1.

14., it is characterized in that bonding coat (12) is made of the polyester polyurethane ester dispersion of stabilization according to the base material of claim 13.

15., it is characterized in that dispersion to the small part that contains polyurethane(s) has the structure of crystallization or partial crystallization according to the base material of claim 13.

16., it is characterized in that described synthetic dispersion contains the additive that produces adhesive attraction, for example soft resin or soft polymer, particularly acrylate according to the base material of claim 13.

17., it is characterized in that bonding coat (12) has the foam texture according to the base material of claim 1.

18., it is characterized in that bonding coat (12) contains diameter less than 21 microns small hollow sphere according to the base material of claim 1.

19. according to the base material of claim 1, it is characterized in that bonding coat (12) have 20 the gram/square metre to 90 the gram/square metre weight per unit area.

20., it is characterized in that ornamenting layer (1) has much at one texture and identical density in all cross section according to the base material of claim 1.

21. base material according to claim 1, it is characterized in that ornamenting layer (1) by the stabilization polyurethane ester dispersion that contains linking agent with high softening-point with preferably have crystallization or partial crystallization structure and have the constituting of the stabilization polyurethane ester dispersion that contains linking agent of low softening point, back one dispersion was thermoplastic before crosslinked.

22., it is characterized in that ornamenting layer (1) contains the small hollow sphere of diameter less than 21 microns formation closed pore according to the base material of claim 1.

23., it is characterized in that the particle top (6) of ornamenting layer (1) has the little smooth bumps (13) of microcosmic according to the base material of claim 1.

24., it is characterized in that the viewable side of ornamenting layer (1) has the velvet leather texture according to the base material of claim 1, stretch out fine hair from it, they constitute the small embossment of microcosmic.

25. according to the base material of claim 23 or 24, the diameter that it is characterized in that projection (13) is 3 microns to 60 microns, preferred 5 microns to 15 microns, and maximum length is 110 microns.

26., it is characterized in that ornamenting layer (1) contains wax and/or siloxanes in its viewable side according to the base material of claim 1.

27., it is characterized in that providing thin ornamenting layer in the viewable side of ornamenting layer (1) according to the base material of claim 1.

28. according to the base material of claim 1, it is characterized in that with the upper surface opposite surfaces (19) that has the ornamenting layer on, synthetic weaving of the tough rhombus that has outstanding fiber or knit goods (21) are provided.

29., it is characterized in that described weaving or knit goods (21) are covered by shallow layer (20) according to the base material of claim 28.

30., it is characterized in that it comprises the moulding section according to the base material of claim 1.

31., it is characterized in that abdomen the part between the ribs and the hips or the section of the moulding in the abdomen area that it is included in leather hide, and have ornamenting layer with dark profile graining according to the base material of claim 30.

32., it is characterized in that the moulding section in its central zone that is included in leather hide and have ornamenting layer with smooth graining according to the base material of claim 30.

33. make the method for the ornamenting layer (1) that has backing (7), this ornamenting layer has graining in viewable side, has velour type fine-fibered upper surface, wherein, at first, in order to form ornamenting layer (1), the synthetic water dispersion is administered to constitutes by silicon rubber, have on the backing (2) on the corresponding surface of graining (3) of texture and ornamenting layer (1), and make its stable film that turns to, and use the synthetic dispersion that forms bonding coat (12) at the upper surface of base material (7), and the base material (7) that will have this upper surface places on the above-mentioned film, and pressurize and thermal treatment, the method is characterized in that, on the backing with the uniform temperature that is lower than 105 ℃ (2), use the synthetic dispersion that contains solvent-free polyurethane(s) and linking agent in the following manner: this synthetic dispersion with backing (2) stabilization immediately when contacting, and after the water evaporation, form thickness and be lower than 0.04 millimeter even thick film with texture.

34. method according to claim 33, it is characterized in that using synthetic dispersion, should synthetic dispersion by the polyurethane ester dispersion that contains linking agent with high softening-point with preferably have crystallization or partial crystallization structure and have the constituting of the polyurethane ester dispersion that contains linking agent of low softening point, a kind of dispersion in back was thermoplastic before crosslinked.

35. according to the method for claim 33, it is characterized in that described synthetic dispersion being administered on the backing (2) of heating by thin spraying (25), thin spraying (25) is produced by nozzle of small diameter (24).

36., it is characterized in that under the pressure of 40 to 100 crust, spraying at the nozzle (24) of the situation use diameter that does not mix air less than 0.04 millimeter according to the method for claim 35.

37., it is characterized in that making the line face (3) of backing (2) by the graining of molded natural leather according to the method for claim 33.

38., it is characterized in that making the line face (3) of backing (2) by laser treatment according to the method for claim 33.

39., it is characterized in that the line face (3) of the backing of making by laser treatment (2) being increased by negative according to the method for claim 38.

40., it is characterized in that using the backing (2) that constitutes by the extra crosslinked silicon rubber of Shore hardness between 25ShoreA to 70Shore A according to the method for claim 33.

41., it is characterized in that using density to be higher than 110 gram/square centimeters, preferably to be higher than the heat-conducting silicon rubber backing (2) of 120 gram/square centimeters according to the method for claim 33.

42., it is characterized in that using the backing (2) that is embedded with mineral filler therein according to the method for claim 41.

43., it is characterized in that making the backing (2) that is glued on the metal support (23) preferred made of aluminum according to the method for claim 33.

44., it is characterized in that supporting mass (23) is that 1 millimeter to 3 millimeters aluminium flake constitutes by thickness according to the method for claim 43.

45. according to the method for claim 43, it is characterized in that backing (2) and the bonding of metal support (23) undertaken by the single-component silicon Resin adhesive, embed therein weight per unit area be lower than 150 grams/square metre the light fleece flooring of synthon.

46. method according to claim 33, it is characterized in that to synthesize on the upper surface that dispersion is administered to base material (7), this dispersion mainly is made of the polyurethane ester dispersion that has low softening point and preferably have crystallization or partial crystallization structure and contain linking agent, and its rapid stabilization and form discontinuous bonding coat (12) when the upper surface with base material (7) contacts.

47. method according to claim 33, it is characterized in that to synthesize on the upper surface that dispersion is administered to base material (7), this dispersion mainly is made of the polyurethane ester dispersion that has low softening point and preferably have crystallization or partial crystallization structure and contain linking agent, and its rapid stabilization and form the bonding coat (12) of the weakened locations (18) that has the thickness reduction when the upper surface with base material (7) contact.

48. method according to claim 33, it is characterized in that when the dispersion that is used to form bonding coat (12) is held up drying but still contained residue moisture, the upper surface that will have the base material (7) of this dispersion places on the described film, this film is positioned on the backing (2), shows crosslinking structure and not moisture substantially.

49. method according to claim 33, it is characterized in that under the pressure 60 ℃ to 105 ℃ temperature and maximum 5 kilograms/square centimeter between the pressurization elastic plate, to be positioned at the mould system on the backing (2) with net-like texture, be equipped with base material (7) on this film, base material (7) has the synthetic dispersion that forms bonding coat (12).

50., it is characterized in that after compacting, under the suspension condition, the base material (7) that has ornamenting layer (1) being remained drying according to the method for claim 49.