CN1900240A - Fuel additive of homogeneous premixed compression ignition engine - Google Patents
Fuel additive of homogeneous premixed compression ignition engine Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN1900240A CN1900240A CN 200610088811 CN200610088811A CN1900240A CN 1900240 A CN1900240 A CN 1900240A CN 200610088811 CN200610088811 CN 200610088811 CN 200610088811 A CN200610088811 A CN 200610088811A CN 1900240 A CN1900240 A CN 1900240A
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- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- engine
- fuel additive
- additive
- fuel
- hcci
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- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 17
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 17
- 239000002816 fuel additive Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 12
- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanol Chemical compound OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- CIHOLLKRGTVIJN-UHFFFAOYSA-N tert‐butyl hydroperoxide Chemical compound CC(C)(C)OO CIHOLLKRGTVIJN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- XMNIXWIUMCBBBL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(2-phenylpropan-2-ylperoxy)propan-2-ylbenzene Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1C(C)(C)OOC(C)(C)C1=CC=CC=C1 XMNIXWIUMCBBBL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- FRIBMENBGGCKPD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-(2,3-dimethoxyphenyl)prop-2-enal Chemical compound COC1=CC=CC(C=CC=O)=C1OC FRIBMENBGGCKPD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- LSXWFXONGKSEMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N di-tert-butyl peroxide Chemical compound CC(C)(C)OOC(C)(C)C LSXWFXONGKSEMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- KTWOOEGAPBSYNW-UHFFFAOYSA-N ferrocene Chemical compound [Fe+2].C=1C=C[CH-]C=1.C=1C=C[CH-]C=1 KTWOOEGAPBSYNW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- HVZJRWJGKQPSFL-UHFFFAOYSA-N tert-Amyl methyl ether Chemical compound CCC(C)(C)OC HVZJRWJGKQPSFL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- GJBRNHKUVLOCEB-UHFFFAOYSA-N tert-butyl benzenecarboperoxoate Chemical compound CC(C)(C)OOC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 GJBRNHKUVLOCEB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 abstract description 19
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 19
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- OMPJBNCRMGITSC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Benzoylperoxide Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1C(=O)OOC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 OMPJBNCRMGITSC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 description 20
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 description 19
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 8
- 150000003254 radicals Chemical class 0.000 description 7
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 5
- RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diethyl ether Chemical compound CCOCC RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000010705 motor oil Substances 0.000 description 4
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000006079 antiknock agent Substances 0.000 description 3
- 150000002978 peroxides Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- NHTMVDHEPJAVLT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Isooctane Chemical compound CC(C)CC(C)(C)C NHTMVDHEPJAVLT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000005474 detonation Methods 0.000 description 2
- JVSWJIKNEAIKJW-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimethyl-hexane Natural products CCCCCC(C)C JVSWJIKNEAIKJW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000010791 quenching Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 125000003158 alcohol group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 150000001298 alcohols Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 238000013459 approach Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005336 cracking Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000002170 ethers Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000012634 fragment Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000295 fuel oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003112 inhibitor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003999 initiator Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- QJGQUHMNIGDVPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitrogen group Chemical group [N] QJGQUHMNIGDVPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000001451 organic peroxides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007348 radical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001052 transient effect Effects 0.000 description 1
Landscapes
- Liquid Carbonaceous Fuels (AREA)
Abstract
The fuel additive for homogeneous premixed compression ignition engine belongs to the field of fuel additive technology. The homogeneous premixed compression ignition engine has the demerits of easy causing fire at low load, easy knocking at high load and narrow running operation condition range, and adopting additive is one simple solution to the demerits. The fuel additive of the present invention includes igniting promoter di-tert-butyl peroxide 5-30 wt%, tert-butyl hydroperoxide 5-35 wt%, superox 736 2-20 wt%, dicumyl peroxide 2-20 wt%, cumene hydroperoxide 2-20 wt%, antidetonator ethanol 5-30 wt%, methanol 1-10 wt%, methyl tertiary pentyl ether 5-20 wt%, and ferrocene 1-10 wt%. The fuel additive of the present invention can expand the running range of HCCI engine effectively, and lower the exhaust of HC and CO.
Description
Technical Field
A fuel additive capable of improving the combustion condition of a homogeneous premixed compression ignition (HCCI) engine belongs to the technical field of fuel additives.
Background
With the continuous development of the automobile industry in the globalscope, the pursuit of higher automobile dynamic performance and economy and the increasingly strict automobile emission standards in all countries around the world, people are forced to think about the current automobile condition, and particularly pay attention to how to redesign and reform the heart-engine of the automobile to achieve the aims of higher efficiency and environmental protection. The traditional engines (gasoline engine and diesel engine) have their own advantages and weaknesses, and can design a new engine combining the advantages of both? The answer is affirmative, and a homogeneous premixed compression ignition engine combining the advantages of gasoline and diesel engines is being developed.
Diesel engines use high compression ratios, have high thermal efficiency, lower HC and CO emissions, but produce higher oxides of nitrogen and particulates, both of which are more difficult to treat and have higher aftertreatment costs. The gasoline engine adopts low compression ratio premixing combustion, the heat efficiency is lower, and the emission of the gasoline engine can be greatly reduced by adopting equivalence ratio closed-loop control and a three-way catalyst. It follows that a diesel engine is superior to a gasoline engine in terms of thermal efficiency, but a gasoline engine is superior to a diesel engine in terms of emission treatment. If the advantages of diesel engines (high compression ratio) and gasoline engines (homogeneous premixing) can be combined, it is possible to achieve high efficiency and low emissions. An hcci (homogeneous Charge Compression ignition) engine is a homogeneous premixed Compression ignition engine that combines the advantages of gasoline and diesel engines. High heat efficiency is achieved at high compression ratios, and low emissions are achieved with homogeneous premixing. Because HCCI combustion is controlled by combustion boundary conditions and fuel chemistry in coordination, the ignition timing is difficult to control, low loads are prone to misfire, high loads are prone to knock, and operating conditions are narrow. However, in HCCI enabled operating conditions, HCCI engines have higher thermal efficiency (approaching diesel engines), very low NOxEmissions (below 10 ppm) and HC and CO emissions comparable to conventional gasoline engines. Therefore, the HCCI engine has a wide application prospect if the operating condition range of the HCCI engine can be widened.
The operating condition range of the HCCI engine can be effectively widened by adopting the technical means of variable compression ratio, variable valve timing, intake air preheating and the like, but the technologies of variable compression ratio, variable valve timing and the like are immature at present and are expensive, and are difficult to popularize and use in a short period of time, and the actual requirements of vehicle transient control are difficult to meet due to long intake air preheating time. The adoption of the additive becomes a relatively simple and feasible technical route, namely, the low-load combustion range of the HCCI engine is widened by adding a proper amount of ignition improver (initiator) into the fuel, and a proper amount of antiknock agent(s) is added into the fuelinhibit) to reduce combustion reaction rate and broaden HCCI startingHigh load operating range of the machine. The addition of a small amount of HCCI fuel additive can better control the HCCI combustion process, improve ignition and extend fuel combustion time, and increase power output of the engine. The combustion reaction is a chain reaction of free radicals, and different speed-controlling elementary reactions and key species can be known in low-temperature (<1000 ℃) and high-temperature (>1000 ℃) temperature regions respectively through elementary reaction analysis of fuel (such as isooctane). For example, for the combustion reaction of isooctane, in the low temperature region, for rate-controlled reaction, C7H15Is a key reactive species; in the high-temperature area, the cracking reaction of alkyl free radicals into small molecular fragments is a rate-controlled reaction. HCCI ignition of fuel is achieved by chain-initiated reactions of free radicals by selecting certain substances as ignition promoters that decompose at low temperatures to form reactive free radicals; certain substances which can be decomposed at high temperature to generate inert substances and high-octane number substances are selected as combustion inhibitors to quench some free radical reactions, control the combustion rate of high load and solve the problem of high-load detonation of the HCCI engine. The invention selects a plurality of organic peroxides as ignition promoters and a plurality of alcohols and ether compounds as antiknock agents, and determines the concentration range of various substances in the additive and the additive amount range in the fuel through a plurality of experiments.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the problem that the HCCI engine is easy to misfire under low load, the invention adds a proper amount of additive (peroxide) into fuel, and utilizes active free radicals generated by decomposing the peroxide at low temperature to initiate a fuel chain reaction to widen the low-load combustion range of the HCCI engine. In order to solve the problem that an HCCI engine is easy to knock under high load, the invention adds a proper amount of alcohol and ether antiknock agents into fuel to inhibit the combustion rate under high load and control the knock.
The fuel additive for the homogeneous premixed compression ignition engine is characterized by comprising the following substances in percentage by mass:
di-tert-butyl peroxide: 5-30;
t-butyl hydroperoxide: 5-35;
tert-butyl peroxybenzoate: 2-20;
dicumyl peroxide: 2-20;
cumene hydroperoxide: 2-20;
ethanol: 5-30;
methanol: 1-10;
t-amyl methyl ether: 5-20;
ferrocene: 1 to 10.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention for solving the technical problems is as follows: the mass fraction of the fuel additive containing the substances is 0.2-5% and is added into high-octane fuel to form HCCI engine fuel, the fuel of the HCCI engine is injected into an air inlet channel of each cylinder by an oil supply system of an electronic injection gasoline engine, the fuel and air are premixed and then enter the cylinders to be compressed and ignited, and the HCCI engine can be reliably ignited at a lower load and temperature due to the detonation effect of peroxide in the additive at a low temperature. Along with the increase of the fuel injection quantity and the load of the HCCI engine, the quantity of the combusted fuel oil is increased, the combustion rate is too high, and at the moment, intermediate substances generated by decomposition of alcohol and ether substances in the fuel at high temperature quench part of active free radicals, so that the purposes of reducing the combustion speed and controlling knocking are achieved.
The invention has the advantages that the additive is added into the fuel, the physicochemical property of the fuel is improved, the fuel can be normally combusted in a wider load range, the wide-range operation of the HCCI engine is realized, the expensive and complicated technologies such as variable valve timing and variable compression ratio are avoided, and a feasible technical approach is providedfor the low-cost realization of the HCCI engine.
The preparation process of the additive is very simple, the additive can be directly added into the fuel by only mixing the components according to certain mass fractions and fully and uniformly stirring, and the raw materials of the additive can be industrial grade raw materials.
Detailed Description
Additive 1:
di-tert-butyl peroxide: 18; t-butyl hydroperoxide: 22; tert-butyl peroxybenzoate: 15. dicumyl peroxide: 10; cumene hydroperoxide: 8; ethanol: 10; methanol: 6; t-amyl methyl ether: 7; ferrocene: 4.
additive 2:
di-tert-butyl peroxide: 22; t-butyl hydroperoxide: 12; tert-butyl peroxybenzoate: 152 dicumyl peroxide: 14; cumene hydroperoxide: 10; ethanol: 10; methanol: 6; t-amyl methyl ether: 7; ferrocene: 4.
additive 3:
di-tert-butyl peroxide: 27; t-butyl hydroperoxide: 35; tert-butyl peroxybenzoate: 72 dicumyl peroxide: 6; cumene hydroperoxide: 6; ethanol: 8; methanol: 3; t-amyl methyl ether: 5; ferrocene: 3.
additive 4:
di-tert-butyl peroxide: 30, of a nitrogen-containing gas; t-butyl hydroperoxide: 10; tert-butyl peroxybenzoate: 20; dicumyl peroxide: 10; cumene hydroperoxide: 8; ethanol: 8; methanol: 6; t-amyl methyl ether: 6; ferrocene: 2.
example 1:
the additive 1 is added into No. 90 commercial gasoline according to the mass fraction of 0.2%, an HCCI combustion experiment is carried out when the water temperature of an engine and the temperature of the engine oil are both 90 ℃, the load of the HCCI engine is expanded from 2.8-3.3 (excess air coefficient) of the original No. 90 gasoline to 2.7-3.5, HC is reduced from 510 ppm-4000 ppm of the original engine to 440 ppm-3500 ppm, and the emission of HC is averagely reduced by 12%; the CO is reduced to 0.055-0.62% from 0.07-0.78% of the original machine, and the average CO is reduced by 21%.
Example 2:
the additive 2 is added into No. 90 commercial gasoline according to the mass fraction of 0.5%, an HCCI combustion experiment is carried out when the water temperature of an engine and the temperature of the engine oil are both 90 ℃, the load of the HCCI engine is expanded from 2.8-3.3 to 2.6-3.6 of the original No. 90 gasoline (excess air coefficient), HC is reduced from 510 ppm-4000 ppm of the original engine to 418 ppm-3280 ppm, and the emission of HC is averagely reduced by 18%; the CO is reduced from 0.07-0.78% of the original machine to 0.052-0.58%, and the average CO is reduced by 26%.
Example 3:
the additive 3 is added into No. 90 commercial gasoline according to the mass fraction of 2%, an HCCI combustion experiment is carried out when the water temperature of an engine and the temperature of engine oil are both 90 ℃, the load of an HCCI engine is expanded from 2.8-3.3 to 2.3-3.8 of the original No. 90 gasoline (excess air coefficient), HC is reduced from 510 ppm-4000 ppm of the original engine to 326 ppm-2560 ppm, HC emission is averagely reduced by 36%, CO is reduced from 0.07-0.78% of the original engine to 0.037-0.41%, and CO is averagely reduced by 47%.
Example 4:
the additive 4 is added into No. 90 commercial gasoline according to the mass fraction of 5%, an HCCI combustion experiment is carried out when the water temperature of an engine and the temperature of engine oil are both 90 ℃, the load of an HCCI engine is expanded from 2.8-3.3 to 2.1-4.2 of the original No. 90 gasoline (excess aircoefficient), HC is reduced from 510 ppm-4000 ppm of the original engine to 244 ppm-1920 ppm, the emission of HC is averagely reduced by 52%, CO is reduced from 0.07-0.78% of the original engine to 0.027-0.3%, and the average reduction of CO is reduced by 61%.
The engine bench test results of the above example show that the additive provided by the invention can effectively widen the operating range of the HCCI engine and greatly reduce HC and CO emissions.
Claims (1)
1. A fuel additive for a homogeneous premixed compression ignition engine is characterized by comprising the following substances in percentage by mass:
di-tert-butyl peroxide: 5-30;
t-butyl hydroperoxide: 5-35;
tert-butyl peroxybenzoate: 2-20;
dicumyl peroxide: 2-20;
cumene hydroperoxide: 2-20;
ethanol: 5-30;
methanol: 1-10;
t-amyl methyl ether: 5-20;
ferrocene: 1 to 10.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CNB2006100888117A CN100395317C (en) | 2006-07-19 | 2006-07-19 | Fuel additive of homogeneous premixed compression ignition engine |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CNB2006100888117A CN100395317C (en) | 2006-07-19 | 2006-07-19 | Fuel additive of homogeneous premixed compression ignition engine |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN1900240A true CN1900240A (en) | 2007-01-24 |
| CN100395317C CN100395317C (en) | 2008-06-18 |
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| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CNB2006100888117A Expired - Fee Related CN100395317C (en) | 2006-07-19 | 2006-07-19 | Fuel additive of homogeneous premixed compression ignition engine |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
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| CN (1) | CN100395317C (en) |
Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| EP2594623A1 (en) * | 2011-11-16 | 2013-05-22 | United Initiators GmbH & Co. KG | Tertiobutyl hydroperoxide (TBHP) as a diesel additive |
| CN103923722A (en) * | 2014-04-26 | 2014-07-16 | 张军 | High-efficiency ignition accelerant of coal-fired boiler, preparation method thereof, and ignition method realized by utilizing same |
| CN111305968A (en) * | 2020-03-12 | 2020-06-19 | 上海交通大学 | Fuel injection method and device for multi-fuel charge compression combustion engine |
Family Cites Families (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN1153828C (en) * | 2002-01-21 | 2004-06-16 | 范守伟 | Gasoline replacing clean fuel |
| CN1236023C (en) * | 2004-07-31 | 2006-01-11 | 于雷 | Cleaning gasoline with alcohol ether base |
| CN1746272A (en) * | 2004-09-10 | 2006-03-15 | 马春宇 | Energy-saving clean fuel substituting gasoline and production thereof |
-
2006
- 2006-07-19 CN CNB2006100888117A patent/CN100395317C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Cited By (9)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| EP2594623A1 (en) * | 2011-11-16 | 2013-05-22 | United Initiators GmbH & Co. KG | Tertiobutyl hydroperoxide (TBHP) as a diesel additive |
| WO2013072478A1 (en) * | 2011-11-16 | 2013-05-23 | United Initiators Gmbh & Co. Kg | Tert-butyl hydroperoxide (tbhp) as a diesel additive |
| CN103998582A (en) * | 2011-11-16 | 2014-08-20 | 联合引发剂有限责任两合公司 | Tert-butyl hydroperoxide (TBHP) as a diesel additive |
| US9303224B2 (en) | 2011-11-16 | 2016-04-05 | United Initiators Gmbh & Co. Kg | Tert-butyl hydroperoxide (TBHP) as a diesel additive |
| CN103998582B (en) * | 2011-11-16 | 2016-05-18 | 联合引发剂有限责任两合公司 | As the TBHP of diesel fuel additives |
| CN103923722A (en) * | 2014-04-26 | 2014-07-16 | 张军 | High-efficiency ignition accelerant of coal-fired boiler, preparation method thereof, and ignition method realized by utilizing same |
| CN103923722B (en) * | 2014-04-26 | 2015-11-11 | 张军 | A kind of coal firing boiler high-efficiency point ignition promoters, its preparation method and the ignition method utilizing it to realize |
| CN111305968A (en) * | 2020-03-12 | 2020-06-19 | 上海交通大学 | Fuel injection method and device for multi-fuel charge compression combustion engine |
| CN111305968B (en) * | 2020-03-12 | 2021-11-12 | 上海交通大学 | Fuel injection method and device for multi-fuel charge compression combustion engine |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CN100395317C (en) | 2008-06-18 |
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Granted publication date: 20080618 |