CN1892142B - Solar, heat-pump composite, stepped-heating type energy-storage hot-water making method and special device - Google Patents
Solar, heat-pump composite, stepped-heating type energy-storage hot-water making method and special device Download PDFInfo
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- CN1892142B CN1892142B CN 200610093996 CN200610093996A CN1892142B CN 1892142 B CN1892142 B CN 1892142B CN 200610093996 CN200610093996 CN 200610093996 CN 200610093996 A CN200610093996 A CN 200610093996A CN 1892142 B CN1892142 B CN 1892142B
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Abstract
The present invention relates to a solar energy-heat pump combination and stepping heating type energy storage hot water preparing method and special device adopting said method. It consists of solar heat collector, heat pump, electric heater unit, water tank and control unit, featuring that: hot water manufacturing process can be completed by using solar heat collector, or heat pump, or electricheater unit simultaneously or respectively making stepping heating combination to heat collector heat cycling water tank, stepping heating type conflux hot water tank and energy storage water tank; hot water preparing and using adopting time-sharing system, i.e. quantitative hot water capable of pre-prepared and stored in stepping heating type conflux hot water tank and energy storage water tank used as next periodic time-sharing hot water supply, said invention having higher efficiency for solar energy utilization and lower running cost than current technology, ensuring hot water output reaching to higher than 45 degree centigrade and 24 hr. 365 day supply.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to field of solar energy utilization,
Especially relate to that a kind of solar energy-heat pump is compound, the hot-water making method of stepped-heating type energy-storage and isolated plant thereof.
Background of invention
Solar energy enormous amount, the annual solar radiant energy that arrives earth surface are about 130,000,000,000,000 tons of mark coals, but be characterized in having dispersiveness, discontinuity and unstability.Although the total amount of the solar radiant energy of arrival earth surface is very big, energy-flux density is but very low, therefore wants to obtain certain radiant power, just needs the bigger swept area of accepting.So-called discontinuity and unstability refer to that natural conditions such as solar radiant energy is subjected to round the clock, season, geographic latitude, height above sea level limit, and stochastic factor such as fine, cloudy, cloud, rain.For eliminate these shortcomings, just solve the energy storage problem and can reach round-the-clock use by means of other supplementary energy with regard to needs.Energy consumptions for building such as hot water making can be main finishing fully with the regenerative resource of low level, if adopt high-order electric energy to finish to be a kind of waste to energy resources, therefore, in the system that adopts solar water, guarantee that farthest utilizing the effective energy storage of solar energy and realization system is one of leading indicator of systematic function, to guarantee also that simultaneously the hot water output temperature satisfies industry standard and requires to remain on more than 45 ℃, can annual all-weather use, namely can guarantee supply in annual 365 days 24 hours hot water more than 45 ℃ at least, also should be able to be by supplying the hot water of secondary temperature as 30 ℃-40 ℃ in 365 days 24 hours under the possible condition; Secondly, when selecting to use electric heater unit, should make device can fully use the paddy electric energy of electricity period, minimum with the operating cost of ensuring equipment; In addition, should be able to reduce device cost is set, and obtain the maximum adaptability of installing and using simultaneously, be conducive to reach and the integrated combination of building.
The energy storage means that prior art solves the solar hot water system mainly are by the volume that increases energy-accumulating water tank or the unit volume energy storage density that increases energy-accumulating medium, wherein, aspect employing increase energy-accumulating water tank volume, the CN1403760A that has announced " multiple complementary energy source system " in introduced and a kind ofly comprised that solar energy heating and supplementary energy and employing accumulation of energy water tank carry out the technical scheme of heat supply, cooling, the accumulation of energy water tank that it adopts comprises hot hydroecium and cold water chamber, separate with heat-insulating material between the two, solar thermal collection system is connected with the accumulation of energy water tank respectively with earth-source hot-pump system.By shown in its accompanying drawing etc., the use of the making of hot water and hot water is to adopt system in real time in this scheme, therefore in order to ensure that the heat exchange between solar thermal collection system and hot water storage tank normally carries out, in amount of exports fixed output quota calorimetric water, must import the cold water of same amount, because cold enters at any time, adopt the non-hot water storage tank of normal size to be difficult to reach by annual 45 ℃ of requirements that design specified hot water amount of securing an adequate supply in 365 days 24 hours, in addition, the sunlight sky is along with hot water storage tank top water temperature constantly rises, the collecting efficiency of this solar thermal collection system constantly descends, generally namely like this at the nearly noon of fine day, therefore, the overall thermal performance of system is lower; Come energy storage if adopt the mode that increases the heat storage water tank volume, then the latter half of heat storage water tank is the lower water of temperature all the time, the hot water output to every day does not have enough contributions, and low-heat warm water more is easy to generate bacterial reproduction and pollutes water supply, there is not certain layering heat preservation technology measure, hot and cold water stores easily and mixes mutually, the water on top also is not easy to meet the requirements of output temperature, the volume waste of water tank is too big, hot hydroecium and cold water chamber independently arrange seasonal the use in addition, make its utilization rate reduce greatly, it is too high that cost is set.
The auxiliary characteristics that add thermal recovery electric heating pump technology are energy-conservation, under the same thermoelectrical efficiency power consumption be general electrical heating elements 1/3rd or below, but the efficient of electric heating pump work is required the restriction of heating-up temperature and heat source temperature scope, also can frosting during the subcritical temperature, equipment is fragile during the heating excessive temperature differentials, because electric energy in short supply, also should adopt the electric energy of low-valley interval to drive electric heating pump as far as possible and finish work such as hot water making.
In order to address the above problem, I have proposed a kind of solar energy heating and electrically heated hot water apparatus in the application for a patent for invention of application number 200510025652.1, adopt solar thermal collector, heat pump, compositions such as electrical heating elements, through solar thermal collector, or heat pump, or electrical heating elements is distinguished made quantitative hot water storage in water tank, so that made hot water can realize storing supply by time sharing mode, the output of the hot water of assurance device can reach more than 45 ℃ 365 days 24 hours supply standard, and makes device can select farthest to utilize solar energy and only use the paddy electric energy of electric period.Adopt the hot water apparatus of this technical scheme also to run into some problems in actual applications, as: under the situation that building roof solar thermal collector erection space is restricted, be difficult to guarantee farthest to utilize solar energy, simultaneously, it is additional that solar energy utilizes the part of energy shortage then certainly will will adopt heat pump to do, therefore, need there be the supply of the enough low price energy such as low ebb electricity to guarantee, this is difficult to obtain enough low ebb electricity supplies night again under the fixing situation of domestic consumer's inlet wire current capacity; Simultaneously, fall cost effectiveness in order to obtain energy storage, the volume of water tank can need to do greatlyyer, has so just increased the cost that arranges of hot water apparatus; For large-scale concentrated hot water apparatus, the volume that increases water tank arranges cost except the meeting increase, also can produce the problem of roof installation and installed surface bearing capacity, and the solar thermal collector erection space is reduced, thereby the installation adaptability of its application is affected.
Summary of the invention
The stepped-heating type energy-storage hot-water making method that provides a kind of solar energy-heat pump compound is provided the purpose of invention, hot water is made in the combination that utilizes solar energy, heat pump, three kinds of heating means of electric heater unit to do under the time-sharing work, satisfy device can the standard by supply in 365 days 24 hours 45 ℃ or above hot water under, make device utilize solar energy heating as much as possible, just utilize the heating of heat pump energy source or peak valley electric energy then, and adopt the classification heating to make the minimum setting aquifer yield of cost, as energy storage and the timesharing supply of different temperatures grade hot water; When the heat collector erection space is not enough, can the heat collector output water temperature be set with the lifting collecting efficiency by secondary temperature, and can solve the load distribution problem that water tank concentrates the roof to install, reduce the installation adaptability that device arranges cost and expansion instrument.
The present invention also aims to provide a kind of isolated plant that can realize above-mentioned heating means, utilize solar thermal collector, heat pump, electric heater unit, water tank and control module etc. are formed the heating arrangement combination under the time-sharing work, satisfy device can be by supply in 365 days 24 hours more than 45 ℃ under the standard of hot water, make device utilize solar energy heating as much as possible, just utilize the heating of heat pump energy source or peak valley electric energy then, and adopt the classification heating to obtain least cost, heat in advance with the made hot water of the mode of classification heating by time-sharing work and can realize energy storage and timesharing supply by different set temperature grade hot water; When the heat collector erection space is not enough, can the heat collector output water temperature be set with the lifting collecting efficiency by secondary temperature, and can make energy-accumulating water tank separate setting, reduce the installation adaptability that device arranges cost and expansion instrument.
The purpose of the stepped-heating type energy-storage hot-water making method that solar energy-heat pump of the present invention is compound, can realize by the following technical solutions: solar energy-heat pump is compound, the hot-water making method of stepped-heating type energy-storage, comprise the method that adopts solar thermal collector to heat, the method of the method for heat pump and electric heater unit heating, it is characterized in that, hot water manufacturing process is through solar thermal collector, heat pump, electric heater unit is at the same time or separately to the heat collector cyclic heating water tank, conflux water in boiler and the energy-accumulating water tank of stepped-heating type carries out the combination of classification heating, and, the making of hot water and the deposit of hot water use and adopt time sharing system, namely heat through the periodicity classification to be stored in stepped-heating type after prepared quantitative hot water is made in advance and to conflux and be used as the timesharing hot water supply of next cycle in boiler and the energy-accumulating water tank.The combination that described water through solar thermal collector, heat pump, electric heater unit conflux boiler and energy-accumulating water tank respectively to heat collector cyclic heating water tank, stepped-heating type in carries out classification heating comprises: sunlight sky daytime, all adopt solar thermal collector to heat and stored hot water, adopt heat pump or electric heater unit to carry out supplementary heating and stored hot water in the peak valley electricity period at night, the overcast and rainy peak valley electricity period at night according to quantitative hot water reserves demand employing heat pump is set or electric heater unit heats and stored hot water.
The isolated plant of the stepped-heating type energy-storage hot-water making method that realization solar energy-heat pump of the present invention is compound, can adopt the technical scheme with lower device to realize: to adopt solar energy-heat pump compound, the isolated plant of stepped-heating type energy-storage hot-water making method, mainly comprise solar thermal collector, water pump, heat pump, electric heater unit, composition such as water tank and control module, it is characterized in that, described water tank is by the heat collector cyclic heating water tank, conflux boiler and energy-accumulating water tank of stepped-heating type formed, solar thermal collector is connected with the heat collector cyclic heating water tank, heat collector cyclic heating water tank and the stepped-heating type boiler that confluxes is connected, the stepped-heating type boiler that confluxes is connected with energy-accumulating water tank, energy-accumulating water tank is provided with heat pump or electric heater unit, solar thermal collector, water pump, heat pump and electric heater unit are electrically connected with control module respectively.Described energy-accumulating water tank is more than one water tank, and energy-accumulating water tank comprises stepped-heating type warm water heat storage water tank and whole warm heat storage water tank, and stepped-heating type confluxes boiler with stepped-heating type warm water heat storage water tank and being connected between warm heat storage water tank is to be connected in parallel eventually.Described heat collector cyclic heating water tank is more than one or two, and wherein, last the heat collector cyclic heating water tank after interconnecting of the heat collector cyclic heating water tank more than two is double as stepped-heating type boiler that confluxes simultaneously.Described heat pump is a heat pump, and described heat pump configuration is connected stepped-heating type warm water heat storage water tank and warm heat storage water tank eventually between the two.Described heat pump is two heat pumps, heat pump and the stepped-heating type boiler that confluxes links to each other, another heat pump is arranged on stepped-heating type and confluxes boiler with warm heat storage water tank is between the two to form classification heating heat pump eventually, and this classification is heated and formed direct or indirect being connected in series between heat pump.Also be provided with bypass conduit between described stepped-heating type warm water heat storage water tank and whole warm heat storage water tank, have the check valve to whole warm heat storage water tank water flowing from stepped-heating type warm water heat storage water tank on this bypass conduit.Described stepped-heating type conflux boiler and stepped-heating type warm water heat storage water tank and be equipped with the electric-controlled switch valve on the supply channel that is connected in series between warm heat storage water tank eventually.Be equipped with the output tube connector that supplies water on described stepped-heating type warm water heat storage water tank and the whole warm heat storage water tank, on this water supply output tube connector the hot water booster pump be set also.
The advantage of the stepped-heating type energy-storage hot-water making method that solar energy-heat pump of the present invention is compound is: because the hot water manufacturing process that adopts can be through solar thermal collector, or heat pump, or electric heater unit is at the same time or separately to the heat collector cyclic heating water tank, conflux boiler and energy-accumulating water tank of stepped-heating type carries out the combination of classification heating, and, time sharing system is adopted in the making of hot water and the use of hot water, namely heat through the periodicity classification and be stored in stepped-heating type after prepared quantitative hot water can be made in advance and conflux and be used as the timesharing hot water supply of next cycle in boiler and the energy-accumulating water tank, make device can select to adopt the sunlight sky all to adopt solar thermal collector to heat and stored hot water, the non-peak valley electricity period of no sunlight can arrange demand according to quantitative hot water reserves and adopt heat pump to heat and stored hot water, the peak valley electricity period at night can adopt heat pump or electric heater unit to carry out supplementary heating and stored hot water, and can be stored in stepped-heating type water tank and the energy-accumulating water tank respectively after the classified heating of made quantitative hot water, make device utilize solar energy heating as much as possible, just utilize the heating of heat pump energy source or peak valley electric energy then, reach the solar energy utilization ratio higher than prior art and become wood with lower operation, the hot water output that has guaranteed device can reach more than 45 ℃ 365 days 24 hours supply standard, in addition, can realize storing and supply by the timesharing of different temperatures grade hot water by the made hot water of time-sharing work and classification mode of heating, the volume of energy-accumulating water tank is reduced significantly, also solved the load distribution problem that water tank concentrates the roof to install simultaneously, when the solar thermal collector erection space is not enough, also can be set to secondary output temperature to promote collecting efficiency by heat collector, than the remarkable device that reduced of prior art cost and the installation adaptability that has enlarged hot water apparatus are set.
Adopt the advantage of the isolated plant of the inventive method to be: owing to adopted water tank by the heat collector cyclic heating water tank, conflux boiler and energy-accumulating water tank of stepped-heating type formed, solar thermal collector is connected with the heat collector cyclic heating water tank, heat collector cyclic heating water tank and the stepped-heating type boiler that confluxes is connected, heat pump, electric heater unit and water tank phase configuration, solar thermal collector, water pump, the stepped-heating type water tank that the startup control of heat pump and electric heater unit are electrically connected with control module respectively and classification heating arrange, satisfy device can be by supply in 365 days 24 hours more than 45 ℃ under the standard of hot water, make device can utilize solar energy heating as much as possible, just utilize the heating of heat pump energy source or peak valley electric energy then, and obtain least cost, make the made hot water of heating in advance and the mode of classification heating by timesharing and can realize energy storage and timesharing supply by different set temperature grade hot water; And since the stepped-heating type boiler that confluxes be connected with energy-accumulating water tank, can be stored in stepped-heating type water tank and the energy-accumulating water tank respectively after the classified heating of made quantitative hot water, and the separable setting of energy-accumulating water tank, the volume of energy-accumulating water tank can be reduced significantly, and the installation adaptability of hot water apparatus enlarges; And when the solar thermal collector erection space is not enough, can the heat collector output water temperature be set to promote collecting efficiency by secondary temperature, compared with prior art, can reach higher solar energy utilization ratio and lower operating cost, can also significantly reduce device cost is set.
The use of hot-water making method provided by the present invention is compared with the isolated plant of realizing said method and beneficial effect thereof: it is supplementary energy that prior art adopts solar energy heating and earth source heat pump, both carry out heat supply, cooling after connecting with the accumulation of energy water tank respectively, the accumulation of energy water tank that it adopts comprises hot hydroecium and cold water chamber, separate with heat-insulating material between the two, therefore the making of its hot water and the use of hot water are real-time systems, can't reach by annual 45 ℃ of requirements that design specified hot water amount of securing an adequate supply in 365 days 24 hours; Though assist the Electric heating that adds the thermal recovery earth source heat pump energy-conservation, but because accumulation of energy water tank hot hydroecium volume is big, the sun is not enough or the water on the overcast and rainy same day is realized by instant heating, and what this Electric heating mainly consumed is the high price power supply of non-peak valley electricity period, and energy consumption structure is unreasonable; Again because it adopts the mode that increases the heat storage water tank volume to come energy storage, then the latter half of heat storage water tank is the lower water of temperature all the time, pollute water supply except being easy to generate bacterial reproduction, adopt dual mode to heat and also be easy to generate cold and hot mixed water, producing water efficient reduces, the energy storage weak effect, the volume waste of the effective heat accumulation of water tank is very big, hot hydroecium and cold water chamber independently arrange by season separately and use in addition, make its utilization rate reduce greatly, it is too high that cost is set, and adaptability is installed in influence on the roof, when the heat collector thermal efficiency because being subjected to water temperature and raising or during the adverse effect of erection space restriction, operating cost being higher.
Time sharing system is adopted in the making of hot water of the present invention and the use of hot water, namely heat through the periodicity classification and be stored in stepped-heating type after prepared quantitative hot water can be made in advance and conflux and be used as the timesharing hot water supply of next cycle in boiler and the energy-accumulating water tank, be to be stored in the timesharing supply that is used as different temperatures grade hot water in the energy-accumulating water tank after quantitative hot water is made in advance, only supply second day early, the constant temperature hot water amount of two peak valley required assurance timesharing supplies between the electricity period in evening, the prefabricated quantitative hot water amount of heating that the peak valley electricity period finishes when finishing can be second day morning, the constant temperature hot water amount of two peak valley required assurance timesharing supplies between the electricity period in evening, this water yield accounts for the 80%-90% of warm heat storage water tank volume eventually, and second day morning, asking of two peak valley electricity periods of evening, namely heat through the periodicity classification and be stored in stepped-heating type again repeatablely after prepared quantitative hot water is made in advance and conflux and be used as the timesharing hot water supply of next cycle in boiler and the energy-accumulating water tank, compared with prior art realized energy storage satisfactorily and reduced the problem of operating cost.
Because water tank is made up of conflux boiler and energy-accumulating water tank of stepped-heating type heat collector cyclic heating water tank, stepped-heating type, whole warm water stores separately, has exempted cold and hot mixed water problems, and the volume of the effective heat accumulation of water tank is big, does not produce waste; In addition, being provided with stepped-heating type being also advantageous in that of boiler of confluxing shortens the circulating heat-collecting tube road between preposition solar thermal collector and its cyclic heating water tank greatly, heat exchange circulates resistance and can descend significantly, and solar thermal collector cyclic heating water tank and the stepped-heating type mode that circulating heat-collecting tube road between boiler carried by the clearance-type that dropped with top water single tube of confluxing replaces, heat collecting pipeline insulation heat waste in former this part hot water circuit transmission can be exempted, the remarkable thermal efficiency of lifting device has thus exceeded thermal-arrest and heat transfer efficiency that prior art adopts the solar thermal collector heating.
Because of solar thermal collector, water pump, startup control and the electric heater unit of heat pump are electrically connected with control module respectively, and solar thermal collector is connected with stepped-heating type heat collector cyclic heating water tank, stepped-heating type heat collector cyclic heating water tank and the stepped-heating type boiler that confluxes is connected, the stepped-heating type boiler that confluxes is connected with energy-accumulating water tank, heat pump, electric heater unit and water tank phase configuration, device can select to adopt the sunlight sky all to adopt solar thermal collector to heat and stored hot water, shining upon down, adopt solar thermal collector that the water in the stepped-heating type heat collector cyclic heating water tank is heated, to night the peak valley electricity can adopt heat pump by the classification heating warm water of above-mentioned water tank to be carried out supplementary heating and stored hot water the period, or can preferentially adopt electric heater unit to comprise that electric heating pump carries out above-mentioned heating, environment temperature is crossed and is hanged down when adopting the electric heating pump cisco unity malfunction in the winter time, also can adopt electrical heating elements to substitute electric heating pump heats, and can fully use electric energy power supply heat pump or the electric heater unit heating of paddy electricity period at night, improved peak in the existing electrical network, intersegmental balancing the load during paddy, compared with prior art, can satisfy the requirement that guarantees the hot water of timesharing in 24 hours in 365 days supply more than 45 ℃.
In addition, the above-mentioned classification heating of device arranges and can make when the solar thermal collector erection space is not enough, can adopt the heat collector operating temperature to be set to secondaryly heat output temperature and utilize heat pump to carry out the pattern of supplementary heating again, like this, can improve collector efficiency to a greater degree, compensation heat collector erection space deficiency is compared with the prior art the solar energy utilization ratio and the auxiliary heat utilization efficiency that adds of low ebb electricity that reach higher; And, after the classification heating that device adopts arranges, single energy-accumulating water tank size can reduce, and can leave the roof setting, compared with prior art can avoid problems such as bearing capacity that the roof installs and appearance effects, but make former roof tank area occupied become the solar thermal collector erection space more, reduced device cost and the installation adaptability that has enlarged hot water apparatus are set.
Boiler is connected with energy-accumulating water tank because stepped-heating type confluxes, energy-accumulating water tank is divided into the stepped-heating type warm water heat storage water tank and whole warm heat storage water tank that split up and down in parallel arranges, compared with prior art, can also store and supply secondary temperature as 30 ℃-40 ℃ life washing hot water, can store to reclaim in the whole warm water more than 45 ℃ in assurance winter and not reach the secondary warm water supply that whole warm water requires, stepped-heating type warm water heat storage water tank can be converted to eventually warm heat storage water tank summer and use the unnecessary heat of storage, realize that winter is to obtain maximum collecting efficiency, summer is to obtain the equipment energy characteristic of maximum heat storage capacity; Because the hot water storage ability of device can obtain nearly raising doubly, guaranteed that its storage capacity when the sun sets is large enough to hold the warm water that solar thermal collector and heat collector cyclic heating water tank and stepped-heating type conflux and discharge in the boiler, so just can not influence heating and the heat exchange efficiency of second day solar thermal collector, make device utilize solar energy to reduce operating cost as much as possible, increased collecting efficiency and the ability of exporting different temperatures hot water of promoting than prior art.
In addition, being provided with stepped-heating type warm water heat storage water tank makes device can store secondary or whole level hot water, like this, can also arrange in the non-peak valley electricity period of no sunlight that demand is selected to adopt heat pump meet an urgent need to heat and the water tank energy storage is made ready for accidents according to quantitative hot water reserves, at any time replenish or heat up to whole warm storage tank and send water, guarantee to exceed the ability of prior art by the minimum operation cost supply hot water more than 45 ℃ in 365 days 24 hours.Therefore, the technology of the present invention has substantial significant improvement and raising with respect to prior art.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the apparatus structure schematic diagram of one of Application Example of the present invention;
Fig. 2 is two apparatus structure schematic diagram of Application Example of the present invention;
Fig. 3 is three apparatus structure schematic diagram of wooden invention Application Example;
Fig. 4 is four apparatus structure schematic diagram of Application Example of the present invention;
The specific embodiment:
The hot-water making method of solar energy-heat pump of the present invention, stepped-heating type energy-storage and adopt the isolated plant of this method can be described further by following examples:
Referring to shown in Figure 1 be the apparatus structure signal of one of wooden invention Application Example, comprise solar thermal collector 1, control module 2, heat pump 3, storage tank 4, booster pump 5, heating water tank 6, electric heater unit 7, electric-controlled switch valve 8 etc.
Wherein, heating water tank 6 is stepped-heating type water tanks, the stepped-heating type water tank is made up of 2 or above stepped-heating type water tank 611 and 612, stepped-heating type water tank 611 is the stepped-heating type boilers that conflux, stepped-heating type water tank 612 is stepped-heating type warm water heat storage water tanks, stepped-heating type water tank 611 also comprises stepped-heating type heat collector cyclic heating water tank 610 and the stepped-heating type boiler 611 that confluxes, before stepped- heating type boiler 611 and 612 is arranged on whole warm storage tank 4, each other by classification heating-up temperature order namely: the low slightly heat collector cyclic heating water tank 611 of heating-up temperature is preceding, heating-up temperature slightly high 612 after, heat collector cyclic heating water tank 611 with 612 be connected by the road between warm storage tank eventually.Water tank can also adopt the combined type water tank of the energy storage heating that the heating water tank announced by CN2544229Y and heat storage water tank form.
Solar thermal collector 1 arranges with the classification heating that heat pump 3 can be formed different temperatures, solar thermal collector 1 and heat pump 3 classifications heating arranges the classification that constitutes and adds thermal output and be connected by the road with corresponding stepped-heating type water tank 6, described electric heater unit comprises electrical heating elements and electric heating pump, can be provided with electrical heating elements 7 in the stepped-heating type water tank, solar thermal collector, storage tank, water pump, heating water tank, heat pump starts control, electric-controlled switch valve and electrical heating elements etc. are connected with control module 2 electric control respectively, are stored in more than one energy-accumulating water tank after the classified heating of made quantitative hot water respectively and comprise in stepped-heating type warm water heat storage water tank 612 and the whole warm storage tank 4.
Described stepped-heating type boiler can comprise stepped-heating type heat collector cyclic heating water tank 610 and the stepped-heating type boiler 611 that confluxes, secondary hot water after solar thermal collector heating enters the stepped-heating type boiler 611 that confluxes behind several stepped-heating type heat collector cyclic heating water tanks 610, feeding eventually warm storage tank 4 through the electric-controlled switch valve 8 shown in Fig. 1 and connecting line when becoming 45 ℃ of whole warm waters stores, or when warm storage tank water is full eventually, be arranged to whole temperature or secondary temperature hot water and enter stepped-heating type warm water heat storage water tank 612 through the electric-controlled switch valve 8 of parallel connection and connecting line and store for future use, and heat pump is made further heat temperature raising and stored by the eventually warm storage tank 4 of the input of the heat pump bypass conduit shown in Fig. 1 at any time.When solar energy is not enough or solar thermal collector erection space when not enough, can be arranged on about 30 ℃-40 ℃ from the hot water temperature of heat collector output, enter again in the stepped-heating type warm water heat storage water tank 612 as secondary hot water output and store for future use, and but heat pump is done to import eventually warm storage tank 4 storages behind the further heat temperature raising, for this reason, stepped-heating type warm water heat storage water tank all can have tube connector and the booster pump 5 that hot water is exported with whole warm storage tank 4, the hot water of stepped-heating type warm water heat storage water tank cooperates to warm storage tank eventually through check valve and replenishes, or after rearmounted heat pump to the whole warm water of eventually warm storage tank supply.
Described heat pump 3 is air source heat pumps, its heat source is airborne thermal source, in addition also can be different heat pump such as water resource heat pump or earth source heat pump or its combinations, as: adopt and utilize the building sanitary wastewater to be water resource heat pump and the air source heat pump combination of heat source.Described heat pump 3 comprises one or above classification heating heat pump, at this, 2 classification heating heat pumps 311 and 312 have been adopted, all be configured between stepped-heating type water tank and the whole warm storage tank as on the stepped-heating type water tank and outside the water tank, wherein, preposition classification heating heat pump 311 and the stepped-heating type boiler 611 that confluxes links to each other, rearmounted classification heating heat pump 312 classified heated type warm water heat storage water tanks 612 link to each other with whole warm storage tank, form being connected in series indirectly as shown in Figure 1 between 2 classifications heating heat pump, in addition, heat pump also can form direct or indirect being connected in parallel.The quantitative hot water that design is determined partly accounts for about the 80%-90% of secondary output stepped-heating type warm water heat storage water tank or whole warm heat storage water tank volume.The output circulation line that also can connect heating or air-conditioning refrigerating hot water between the stepped-heating type water tank through heat exchanger.
The apparatus for heating water by solar energy of being made up of solar thermal collector etc. comprises heat exchange circulation line etc., and its pipeline connects and comprise single flow, loop back streaming or the pipeline of its combination connects, and at this, can adopt Natural Circulation reverse-flow type pipeline to connect.Hot water manufacturing process is through solar thermal collector, or heat pump, or electric heater unit carries out the combination of classification heating respectively, comprised the method that adopts solar thermal collector to heat, the method of the method for heat pump and electric heater unit heating, wherein, the sunlight sky adopts solar thermal collector to heat, the peak valley electricity period at night can adopt electric heating pump to heat, the non-peak valley electricity period of no sunlight can select to adopt different heat pumps to heat and energy storage according to quantitative hot water reserves, peak valley electricity period night in winter can adopt electric heater unit to heat when making the heat pump cisco unity malfunction because crossed by environment temperature to hang down to influence.In addition, when not having electric supply condition, the electrical heating that also can adopt combustion gas heating as gas-fired heat pump to substitute electric heater unit forms makes up.
Periodically classification is heated and is stored in stepped-heating type after prepared quantitative hot water amount can make respectively in advance and confluxes and be used as the supply of timesharing hot water in boiler and the energy-accumulating water tank.The constant temperature hot water amounts that prepared quantitative hot water amount refers to second day morning, two peak valleys required assurance timesharing supplies between the electricity period in evening are heated in described periodicity classification.Described constant temperature refers to that the present invention is suitable for the heat outputting coolant-temperature gage of stipulating in the ground apparatus for heating water by solar energy technical standard.Be suitable for ground China, should adopt the defeated temperature of hot water according to existing technology new standard is 45 ℃, in addition, the classified heated type warm water of hot water apparatus heat storage water tank 612 can also be by supplying secondary temperature life washing hot water as 30 ℃-40 ℃ in 365 days 24 hours, store in two water tanks of quantitative hot water and all have temperature and level sensor, store the management of water through the control program of control module 2.
The three-dimensional solar heat collector that but solar thermal collector 1 is metope to be installed and used, as the technical scheme that adopts CN2558931Y to announce, can avoid like this image appearance of building is produced destruction, the heat collector of standing installation simultaneously can satisfy perpendicular the putting of metope high thermal efficiency output steady in a long-term is installed down, it also is the perpendicular key of putting the installation aspect of metope, the three-dimensional solar heat collector can be that perpendicular putting installed or tilting installation or level installation or its combination, at this, adopted perpendicular combination of putting installation and tilting installation.
Described water tank comprises that heating water tank and heat storage water tank etc. are with or without energy storage material, except the positive displacement water tank that adopts common single formula, also can adopt the parallel water tank of displacement type water heater, " the parallel water tank of a kind of displacement type water heater " that detailed content can be announced referring to CN2656881Y.
Referring to shown in Figure 2 be two the apparatus structure signal of Application Example of the present invention, comprise solar thermal collector 1, control module 2, heat pump 3, warm storage tank 4, booster pump 5, heating water tank 6, electric heater unit 7, electric-controlled switch valve 8 etc. eventually.Wherein, form the classification heating setting of different temperatures between the solar thermal collector 1 and with 3 of heat pumps, solar thermal collector classification heating arranges 2 classifications that constitute and adds thermal output and corresponding stepped-heating type water tank 610 and be connected by the road with 611, can be provided with electrical heating elements 7 in the stepped-heating type water tank, form classification that the classification heater configuration of different temperatures constitutes between solar thermal collector and heat pump and add thermal output and be connected by the road with corresponding stepped-heating type water tank 6.
It is to have comprised the output of the circulation heated type of stepped-heating type water tank and the output of stepped-heating type water tank is done the output of direct-heating type that described classification adds thermal output.Solar thermal collector, storage tank, water pump, heating water tank, heat pump and electric heater unit etc. are connected with control module 2 electric control respectively, are stored in respectively after the classified heating of made quantitative hot water in stepped-heating type warm water heat storage water tank 612 and the whole warm storage tank 4.
Water tank is the combined type water tank that adopts the energy storage heating that heating water tank and heat storage water tank form, wherein, heating water tank 6 is stepped-heating type water tanks, the stepped-heating type water tank is by 3 stepped-heating type water tanks 610,611 and 612 compositions, before stepped-heating type warm water heat storage water tank is arranged on whole warm heat storage water tank or heat storage water tank 4, wherein, the heat collector cyclic heating water tank can be one or more than, as Fig. 2, shown in Figure 3, when a plurality of heat collector cyclic heating water tanks are connected in series mutually, last heat collector cyclic heating water tank 611 also is simultaneously the stepped-heating type boiler that confluxes, the classification heating that stepped-heating type heat collector cyclic heating water tank 610 and 611 constitutes between solar thermal collector each other arranges, and and 3 of heat pumps form classification heating setting again, each other by classification heating-up temperature order namely: heating-up temperature low slightly preceding, heating-up temperature slightly high after, stepped-heating type water tank 611 is connected between warm storage tank respectively with eventually by the road with 612.
The classified heated type heat collector of elementary hot water cyclic heating water tank 610 after the solar thermal collector heating enter stepped-heating type heat collector cyclic heating water tank or the boiler 611 that confluxes through heat temperature raising again such as supporting heat pump or electric heater unit, feed eventually warm storage tank 4 storages after becoming whole warm water, or when warm storage tank 4 water are full eventually, being arranged to whole temperature or secondary hot water temperature enters stepped-heating type warm water heat storage water tank 612 and stores for future use, at this moment, stepped-heating type warm water heat storage water tank also can be converted as whole warm heat storage water tank, make the hot water storage ability of device obtain nearly raising doubly, and the eventually warm storage tank 4 of input stored after heat pump was made further heat temperature raising at any time, for this reason, stepped-heating type warm water heat storage water tank 612 all can have water supply tube connector and the booster pump 5 that hot water is exported with whole warm storage tank 4, the hot water of stepped-heating type warm water heat storage water tank 612 cooperates and can replenish to warm storage tank eventually through the bypass conduit of parallel connection and check valve, or after rearmounted heat pump to the whole warm water of eventually warm storage tank supply.
The installation of solar thermal collector 1 is to adopt the perpendicular combination of installing with tilting installation of putting, get as major part that metope is perpendicular puts installation, fraction is got the combination of the tilting installation of roofing, the apparatus for heating water by solar energy of being made up of solar thermal collector etc. comprises heat exchange circulation line etc., it is the pipeline connection of forced circulation reverse-flow type that its pipeline connects, wherein, the classification heating that solar thermal collector 1 can be formed different temperatures arranges, classification heating as 2 different temperatures arranges, form each other being connected in series as shown in Figure 2, the heat collector of lower temperature output is preceding, the heat collector of higher temperature output after, directly sending into eventually warm storage tank 4 through this classification heated hot water stores, when solar energy is not enough, can send in the stepped-heating type warm water heat storage water tank 612 and store for future use, but and heat pump make further heat temperature raising after the eventually warm storage tank 4 of input store.
Referring to shown in Figure 3 be three the apparatus structure signal of Application Example of the present invention, comprise solar thermal collector 1, control module 2, heat pump 3, warm storage tank 4, booster pump 5, heating water tank 6, electrical heating elements 7 etc. eventually.Wherein, solar thermal collector 1 arranges with the classification heating that heat pump 3 can be formed different temperatures, solar thermal collector and heat pump classification heating arranges the classification that constitutes and adds thermal output and be connected by the road with corresponding stepped-heating type water tank 6, the configurable electrical heating elements 7 of stepped-heating type water tank, solar thermal collector, storage tank, water pump, heating water tank, heat pump and electrical heating elements etc. are connected with control module 2 electric control respectively, are stored in respectively after the classified heating of made quantitative hot water in stepped-heating type warm water heat storage water tank 612 and the whole warm storage tank 4.
Water tank adopts heating water tank and heat storage water tank to form, wherein, heating water tank 6 is stepped-heating type water tanks, the stepped-heating type water tank is made up of 2 stepped-heating type water tanks 611 and 612, before all being arranged on whole warm storage tank 4, the low slightly stepped-heating type heat collector cyclic heating water tank 611 of heating-up temperature stepped-heating type preceding, that heating-up temperature is slightly high conflux boiler 612 after, stepped-heating type water tank 611 with 612 be connected by the road between warm storage tank eventually.
Whole warm water's hot water after the solar thermal collector heating is through directly eventually warm storage tank 4 storages of input of control module 2 controls, when solar energy is not enough or solar thermal collector erection space when not enough, the secondary hot water of making is input in the stepped-heating type warm water heat storage water tank 612 and stores for future use, but and heat pump make further heat temperature raising after the eventually warm storage tank 4 of input store.
Solar thermal collector 1 is the perpendicular three-dimensional solar heat collector of installing and using of putting of metope, can avoid like this image appearance of building is produced destruction, the apparatus for heating water by solar energy of being made up of solar thermal collector etc. comprises heat exchange circulation line etc., and its pipeline connects the pipeline that adopts the Natural Circulation reverse-flow type and connects.Be stored in after quantitative hot water is made in advance and be used as the supply of timesharing hot water in the water tank, store in two water tanks of quantitative hot water and all have temperature and level sensor, store the management of water through the control program of control module 2, in addition, store two water tanks of quantitative hot water except adopting the positive displacement water tank of common single formula, also all can adopt the parallel water tank of displacement type water heater, thereby can select for use favourable size shape to reduce the floor space of water tank.
Referring to shown in Figure 4 be four the apparatus structure signal of Application Example of the present invention, comprise solar thermal collector 1, control module 2, heat pump 3, warm storage tank 4, booster pump 5, heating water tank 6, electric heater unit 7 etc. eventually.Wherein, the classification heating that solar thermal collector 1 is formed different temperatures arranges, simultaneously, solar thermal collector 1 is also formed the classification heating setting of different temperatures with heat pump 3, solar thermal collector classification heating arranges the classification that constitutes and adds thermal output, and solar thermal collector and heat pump classification are heated and the classification that constitutes is set is added the classified heated type of the thermal output boiler that confluxes and be connected by the road with corresponding heat storage water tank respectively, can be provided with electrical heating elements 7 in the stepped-heating type water tank, solar thermal collector, storage tank, water pump, heating water tank, heat pump and electrical heating elements etc. are connected with control module 2 electric control respectively, are stored in respectively after the classified heating of made quantitative hot water in stepped-heating type warm water heat storage water tank 612 and the whole warm storage tank 4.
Solar thermal collector 1 is the tilting two-dimentional solar heat collector of installing and using, the apparatus for heating water by solar energy of being made up of solar thermal collector etc. comprises heat exchange circulation line etc., its pipeline connects and comprises single flow, loops back streaming or the connection of the pipeline of its combination, at this, can adopt forced circulation reverse-flow type pipeline to connect.
The combined type water tank that the energy storage that water tank adopts heating water tank and heat storage water tank to form is heated, wherein, heating water tank 6 is stepped-heating type water tanks, the stepped-heating type water tank is made up of 3 heat collector cyclic heating water tanks 610,611 and 612, before stepped-heating type warm water heat storage water tank is arranged on whole warm storage tank 4, arrange in proper order by the classification heating-up temperature each other, be connected by the road between warm storage tank with end, stepped-heating type warm water heat storage water tank all can have the booster pump 5 that hot water is exported with whole warm storage tank 4.
Described stepped-heating type boiler can comprise stepped-heating type water tank 610 and 611, after confluxing boiler 611, the classified heated type of elementary hot water after the solar thermal collector heating sends into stepped-heating type warm water heat storage water tank 612, whole warm water after the heating is through directly eventually warm storage tank 4 storages of input of control module 2 controls, when solar energy is not enough or the secondary hot water made when not enough of solar thermal collector erection space be input in the stepped-heating type warm water heat storage water tank 612 and store for future use, but and heat pump make further heat temperature raising after the eventually warm storage tank 4 of input store.Be stored in after quantitative hot water is made in advance and be used as the supply of timesharing hot water in the water tank, store in two water tanks of quantitative hot water and all have temperature and level sensor, store the management of water through the control program of control module 2.
The method of wood invention and use and the operation principle of device are as follows: shining upon down, adopt solar thermal collector that the water in the classification heating water tank is heated, at the preferential heat pump that adopts of paddy electricity period at night the water of classification heating water tank is heated, environment temperature is crossed when hanging down the electric heating pump cisco unity malfunction in the winter time, adopting electrical heating elements or gas-fired heat pump to substitute electric heating pump heats, be stored in after quantitative hot water is made in advance and be used as the supply of timesharing hot water in the water tank, only supply second day early, the constant temperature hot water amount of two peak valley required assurance timesharing supplies between the electricity period in evening.
After the heat collector of apparatus for heating water by solar energy absorbs solar energy, through its circulating heat exchanging pipe and the heat exchange of stepped-heating type heat collector cyclic water tank, the water in the heating water tank; When overcast and rainy or winter, the solar thermal collector collecting efficiency reduces, the quantitative hot water reserves deficiency of supply next cycle in the storage tank 4, at this moment, can continue the water in the water tank is heated through heat pump in the paddy electricity period at night, peak valley electricity period night in winter crosses low the influence when making the electric heating pump cisco unity malfunction because being subjected to environment temperature, can adopt electrical heating elements in the classification heating water tank to substitute and heat.The prefabricated quantitative hot water amount of heating that the peak valley electricity period finishes when finishing only is second day morning, the constant temperature hot water amount of two peak valley required assurance timesharing supplies between the electricity period in evening, this water yield only accounts for the 80%-90% of stepped-heating type warm water heat storage water tank or whole warm heat storage water tank volume, therefore guaranteed that its storage capacity when the sun sets is large enough to hold the warm water that solar thermal collector and heat collector cyclic heating water tank and stepped-heating type conflux and discharge in the boiler, can not influence second day solar thermal collector and continue the efficient that classification is heated, when warm storage tank water is full eventually, preposition classification hot water output transfers to the whole warm water of stepped-heating type warm water heat storage water tank 612 storages, can replenish to whole warm storage tank through the delivery pump of bypass conduit when needing, or when sun deficiency or solar thermal collector erection space deficiency, then earlier carry secondary hot water storage standby to stepped-heating type warm water heat storage water tank 612, and can be at any time or after low ebb electricity period heat pump is made further heat temperature raising by the time the eventually warm storage tank of input store; The non-peak valley electricity period of no sunlight can arrange demand according to quantitative hot water reserves and adopt heat pump and stored hot water.Because being provided with preposition heat collector cyclic heating water tank also is the stepped-heating type boiler that confluxes at this simultaneously, make rearmounted stepped-heating type warm water heat storage water tank 612 and whole warm storage tank 4 can be arranged on indoor or not influence the building level surface that carries is installed, avoided the roof that unfavorable factor and bearing capacity restriction are installed, for the installation of solar thermal collector has saved more area, and the workload and the difficulty that make the water tank roof install reduce greatly, simultaneously, appearance effects to building also greatly reduces, therefore, the application of this hot water apparatus and installation adaptability are expanded.
Hot water under-reserve in sunlight sky storage tank, as during the corresponding Minimum requirements water level that is lower than that certain sets period, and when the water storage temperature is also less than 45 ℃ in the stepped-heating type warm water heat storage water tank 612, control module just starts the rearmounted heat pump heating water storage of meeting an urgent need immediately, so just can guarantee 365 days 24 hours through the hot water of eventually warm storage tank supply more than 45 ℃, in addition, the classified heated type warm water of hot water apparatus heat storage water tank 612 can also be supplied secondary temperature as 30 ℃-40 ℃ hot water, under the condition of farthest utilizing solar energy for the master, use electric energy power supply heat pump of electric period of paddy at night or electrical heating elements heating, reduce peak in the existing electrical network, intersegmental load difference during paddy.
In addition, the classification heating that device adopts arranges, and can make when the solar thermal collector erection space is not enough, adopts the heat collector operating temperature to be set to secondary output temperature, like this, can improve collector efficiency to a greater degree, compensation heat collector erection space deficiency; Being provided with stepped-heating type warm water heat storage water tank makes device can store secondary or whole level hot water, the storage tank size is reduced, and make storage tank separate setting with the roof, avoid problems such as bearing capacity that the roof installs and appearance effects, but can also increase the heat collector erection space, reduce device cost and the installation adaptability that has enlarged hot water apparatus are set.
Claims (10)
1. solar energy-heat pump is compound, the hot-water making method of stepped-heating type energy-storage, comprise the method that adopts solar thermal collector to heat, the method of the method for heat pump and electric heater unit heating, it is characterized in that, hot water manufacturing process is through solar thermal collector, heat pump, electric heater unit is at the same time or separately to the heat collector cyclic heating water tank, conflux water in boiler and the energy-accumulating water tank of stepped-heating type carries out the combination of classification heating, and, the making of hot water and the deposit of hot water use and adopt time sharing system, namely heat through the periodicity classification to be stored in stepped-heating type after prepared quantitative hot water is made in advance and to conflux and be used as the timesharing hot water supply of next cycle in boiler and the energy-accumulating water tank.
2. the hot-water making method of compound, the stepped-heating type energy-storage of solar energy-heat pump according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, the combination that described water through solar thermal collector, heat pump, electric heater unit conflux boiler and energy-accumulating water tank respectively to heat collector cyclic heating water tank, stepped-heating type in carries out classification heating comprises: sunlight sky daytime, all adopt solar thermal collector to heat and stored hot water, adopt heat pump or electric heater unit to carry out supplementary heating and stored hot water in the peak valley electricity period at night; When overcast and rainy or winter, the solar thermal collector collecting efficiency reduces, the quantitative hot water reserves deficiency of supply next cycle in the storage tank, at this moment, can continue the water in the water tank is heated through heat pump in the paddy electricity period at night, peak valley electricity period night in winter crosses low the influence when making the electric heating pump cisco unity malfunction because being subjected to environment temperature, can adopt electrical heating elements in the classification heating water tank to substitute and heat.
One kind be used for to implement solar energy-heat pump compound, the isolated plant of stepped-heating type energy-storage hot-water making method, mainly comprise solar thermal collector, water pump, heat pump, electric heater unit, composition such as water tank and control module, it is characterized in that, described water tank is by the heat collector cyclic heating water tank, conflux boiler and energy-accumulating water tank of stepped-heating type formed, solar thermal collector is connected with the heat collector cyclic heating water tank, heat collector cyclic heating water tank and the stepped-heating type boiler that confluxes is connected, the stepped-heating type boiler that confluxes is connected with energy-accumulating water tank, energy-accumulating water tank is provided with heat pump or electric heater unit, solar thermal collector, water pump, heat pump and electric heater unit are electrically connected with control module respectively.
4. isolated plant according to claim 3, it is characterized in that, described energy-accumulating water tank is more than one water tank, energy-accumulating water tank comprises stepped-heating type warm water heat storage water tank and whole warm heat storage water tank, and stepped-heating type confluxes boiler with stepped-heating type warm water heat storage water tank and being connected between warm heat storage water tank is to be connected in series eventually.
5. isolated plant according to claim 3, it is characterized in that, described heat collector cyclic heating water tank is more than one or two, wherein, last the heat collector cyclic heating water tank after interconnecting of the heat collector cyclic heating water tank more than two double as stepped-heating type boiler that confluxes simultaneously.
6. isolated plant according to claim 4 is characterized in that, described heat pump is a heat pump, and described heat pump configuration is connected stepped-heating type warm water heat storage water tank and warm heat storage water tank eventually between the two.
7. isolated plant according to claim 4, it is characterized in that, more than one heat pump be configured in stepped-heating type conflux boiler and eventually warm storage tank go up or be configured in stepped-heating type and conflux boiler with eventually between the warm storage tank, and can form direct or indirect being connected in series between the heat pump.
8. isolated plant according to claim 4, it is characterized in that, also be provided with bypass conduit between described stepped-heating type warm water heat storage water tank and whole warm heat storage water tank, have the check valve to whole warm heat storage water tank water flowing from stepped-heating type warm water heat storage water tank on this bypass conduit.
9. isolated plant according to claim 4 is characterized in that, described stepped-heating type conflux boiler and stepped-heating type warm water heat storage water tank and be equipped with the electric-controlled switch valve on the supply channel that is connected in series between warm heat storage water tank eventually.
10. isolated plant according to claim 4 is characterized in that, is equipped with the output tube connector that supplies water on described stepped-heating type warm water heat storage water tank and the whole warm heat storage water tank, on this water supply output tube connector the hot water booster pump is set also.
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| CN101813386B (en) * | 2009-05-31 | 2012-12-05 | 邢玉明 | Solar heat supply system |
| CN103244987B (en) * | 2013-05-03 | 2016-02-24 | 武汉工程大学 | Based on heating installation round the clock efficient under the limited space area of optically focused current collection |
| CN113531919B (en) * | 2021-07-06 | 2023-06-30 | 西安交通大学 | Multi-source complementary railway turnout snow and ice melting system and method |
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