CN1886865B - 用于无线多波段通信系统的改进印刷偶极天线 - Google Patents

用于无线多波段通信系统的改进印刷偶极天线 Download PDF

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CN1886865B
CN1886865B CN200480034696.4A CN200480034696A CN1886865B CN 1886865 B CN1886865 B CN 1886865B CN 200480034696 A CN200480034696 A CN 200480034696A CN 1886865 B CN1886865 B CN 1886865B
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conducting element
dielectric layer
antenna
leg
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CN1886865A (zh
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伊曼诺伊尔·瑟杜坎
丹尼尔·艾恩库
约翰·格洛斯纳
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Qualcomm Inc
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    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01QANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q9/00Electrically-short antennas having dimensions not more than twice the operating wavelength and consisting of conductive active radiating elements
    • H01Q9/04Resonant antennas
    • H01Q9/16Resonant antennas with feed intermediate between the extremities of the antenna, e.g. centre-fed dipole
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01QANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q9/00Electrically-short antennas having dimensions not more than twice the operating wavelength and consisting of conductive active radiating elements
    • H01Q9/04Resonant antennas
    • H01Q9/16Resonant antennas with feed intermediate between the extremities of the antenna, e.g. centre-fed dipole
    • H01Q9/28Conical, cylindrical, cage, strip, gauze, or like elements having an extended radiating surface; Elements comprising two conical surfaces having collinear axes and adjacent apices and fed by two-conductor transmission lines
    • H01Q9/285Planar dipole
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01QANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q1/00Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
    • H01Q1/36Structural form of radiating elements, e.g. cone, spiral, umbrella; Particular materials used therewith
    • H01Q1/38Structural form of radiating elements, e.g. cone, spiral, umbrella; Particular materials used therewith formed by a conductive layer on an insulating support
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01QANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q21/00Antenna arrays or systems
    • H01Q21/30Combinations of separate antenna units operating in different wavebands and connected to a common feeder system
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01QANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q9/00Electrically-short antennas having dimensions not more than twice the operating wavelength and consisting of conductive active radiating elements
    • H01Q9/04Resonant antennas
    • H01Q9/16Resonant antennas with feed intermediate between the extremities of the antenna, e.g. centre-fed dipole
    • H01Q9/28Conical, cylindrical, cage, strip, gauze, or like elements having an extended radiating surface; Elements comprising two conical surfaces having collinear axes and adjacent apices and fed by two-conductor transmission lines

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Abstract

一种用于无线通信装置的偶极天线,该偶极天线包括经由第一介电层叠置在第二导电元件一部分上并且与第二导电元件分开的第一导电元件。第一导电通道穿过所述第一介电层连接所述第一和第二导电元件。所述第二导电元件为大致U形。所述第二导体包括多个分隔开的导电条,所述多个分隔开的导电条从所述U形的各腿的相邻端部横向延伸。各条形成用于不同中心频率λ0的合适尺寸。所述第一导电元件可以为L形,并且所述L形的各腿中的一个叠置在所述U形的各腿中的一个上。所述第一导电通道将所述L形的另一腿连接到所述U形的另一腿上。

Description

用于无线多波段通信系统的改进印刷偶极天线
技术领域
本发明的公开内容涉及一种用于无线通信装置和系统的天线,并且更具体地涉及一种用于无线多波段通信系统的通信的印刷偶极天线。 
背景技术
无线通信装置和系统通常是手提式的或是便携式电脑的一部分。因此,其天线必须具有非常小的尺寸以安装合适的装置。该系统用于一般的通信,以及用于无线局域网络(WLAN)系统。由于偶极天线较小并且可以调谐到合适的频率,所以其已经用在上述的系统中。印刷偶极的形状通常是狭窄、矩形的条,其宽度小于0.05λ0并且总长度小于0.5λ0。各向同性偶极的理论上的增益通常为2.5dB并且对于双偶极来说增益小于或等于3dB。一种流行的印刷偶极天线是平面倒置F天线(PIFA)。双模式印刷偶极天线的典型实例示出在美国专利5,532,708和WO02/23669。 
发明内容
本发明公开内容是用于无线通信装置的偶极天线。其包括经由第一介电层叠置在第二导电元件一部分上并且与第二导电元件分开的第一导电元件。第一导电通道穿过所述第一介电层连接所述第一和第二导电元件。所述第二导电元件为大致U形。所述第二导体包括多个分隔开的导电条,所述多个分隔开的导电条从所述U形的各腿的相邻端部横向延伸。各条形成用于不同中心频率λ0的合适尺寸。所述第一导电元件可以为L形,并且所述L形的各腿中的一个叠置在所述U形的各腿中的一个上。所述第一导电通道将所述L形的另一腿连接到所述U形的另一腿上。 
所述第一和第二导电元件各自为平面的。各条具有小于0.05λ0的宽度以及小于0.5λ0的长度。 
所述天线可以是全向的或单维。如果其是单维的,其包括经由第二介电层与所述第二导电元件叠置并且与所述第二导电元件分开的接地平面导体。第三导电元件经由所述第一介电层与所述第二导电元件的各条叠置并且与 其分开。第二导电通道穿过所述各介电层将所述第三导电元件与所述接地导体连接。所述第一和第三导电元件可以在同一平面。所述第三导电元件包括多个指部,所述多个指部叠置在各所述条中各自的横向边缘的一部分上。 
附图说明
结合附图考虑,通过以下对本发明的详细说明,本发明的这些和其他方面会变得显而易见。 
图1是结合了本发明原理的全向、四波段偶极天线的透视简图。 
图2A是图1的偶极导电层的平面图。 
图2B是图2A的偶极导电层的六波段变型。 
图3是图1的天线的平面图。 
图4是图1的天线的方向图。 
图5是两个调谐频率的方向性增益的图线。 
图6是频率与电压驻波比(VSWR)和S11的增益的关系图线。 
图7A是曲线图,其示出了改变馈电点或通道对图1的偶极天线的特性的影响,对馈电点或通道的改变如图7B所示。 
图8是曲线图,其示出了改变图1所示偶极的槽S的宽度的影响。 
图9是曲线图,其示出了图1所示的2-、3-和4-带偶极。 
图10A是曲线图,其示出了如图10B改变图1的偶极的宽度的影响。 
图11是结合了本发明原理的定向偶极天线的透视简图。 
图12是图11的天线的顶视平面图。 
图13是图11的天线的仰视图。 
图14是用于五频率的图11所示天线的方向性增益的图线。 
图15是图11所示天线的频率与VSWR和S11的关系图线。 
图16A是曲线图,其示出了在如图16B所示的馈给位置改变图11所示偶极天线的馈电点或通道40的影响。 
图17是曲线图,其示出了改变如图11所示偶极天线的槽S宽度的影响。 
图18A是曲线图,其示出了如图18B所示改变如图11所示天线的偶极宽度的影响。 
图19A是第二频率的曲线图,其示出了如图19B所示改变如图11所示偶极天线的定向偶极长度的影响。 
具体实施方式
虽然将相对于例如大约2.4GHz和5.2GHz的WLAN双频率波段来说明系统的本天线,但是该天线可设计用于便携式、无线通信装置的任何频率波段。这些装置可包括GPS(1575MHz)、移动电话(824-970MHz和860-890MHz)、一些PCS装置(1710-1810MHZ、1750-1870MHz和1850-1990MHz)、无绳电话(902-928MHz)或蓝牙规范2.4-2.5GHS频率波段。 
图1、2A和3的天线系统10包括带有盖层14、16的介电基板12。印刷在基板12上的是第一导电层20,该导电层为微带线,而印刷在相反侧上的是分裂偶极导电层30。第一导电层20是具有腿22、24的大致L形。第二导电层30包括具有弯曲部31和一对分离腿33的大致U形子导体32。横向延伸的并且邻近于腿33的端部的是多个条35、37、34和36。第一导电层20的腿22叠置于第二导电层30的其中一个腿33之上并且另一腿24横向于一对腿33延伸。导电通道40穿过介电基板12将腿24的端部与腿33的其中一个连接。在第一导电层20的腿22的另一端上的末端26接受天线10的驱动。 
四个条34、36、35和37各自形成独特的尺寸以调谐或接受不同的频率信号。他们各自形成合适的尺寸,以使得所述的带具有小于0.05λ0的宽度和小于0.5λ0的长度。 
图2B示出了图2A的变型,其包括六个条35、37、39、34、36和38,所述六个条各自从第二导电层30的各腿33的邻近端部延伸。这能够调谐并且接受六个不同频率波段。两个实施例中的各条都大致彼此平行。 
介电基板12可以是印刷电路板、纤维玻璃或由聚酰亚胺制成的柔性薄膜基板。盖14、16可以是附加施加的介电层或者可以是中空的铸造结构。优选地,导电层20、30印刷在介电基板12上。 
作为图1的四波段偶极天线的实例,频率可以在例如2.4-2.487,5.15-5.25,2.25-5.35和5.74-5.825GHz的范围内。对于图4的方向图,在图5中示出了两个频率2.4GHz(图A)和5.6GHz(图B)的方向性增益。在90度的最大增益是频率为2.4GHz时的5.45dB和频率为6.19GHz时的5.6GHz。VSWR和大小S11示出在图6中。VSWR的值在2.4GHz和5.6GHz频率波段处低于2。从5.15到5.827的波段会合在5.6GHz的频率。 
介电基板12的高度h会取决于层的磁导率或介电常数而变化。 
具有合适尺寸的狭窄矩形条34、36、35、37通过减小导电层中的表面波和损耗来增加总的增益。导电条的数量也影响频率分波段。 
通道40的位置以及U形子导体32的各腿33之间的槽S影响与频率波段中的增益“分布”相关的天线性能。槽尺寸S的宽度和通道40的位置选定成在各条34、36、35、37的所有频率波段中具有大约相同的增益。所获得的理论最大增益超过4dB,并且在频率为2.4GHz时为5.7dB,在频率为5.4GHz时为7.5dB。 
图7A是馈电点fp或通道40的各位置以及对VSWR和S11的影响的图线。中心馈电点fp1对应于图6的结果。虽然馈电点fp1的变化对增益具有较小的影响,但是其对在5GHz范围内的第二频率波段处λ0的偏移具有较大影响。 
图8示出了槽宽度从1mm变化到3mm再到5mm的影响。3mm的槽宽度对应于图6。虽然VSWR的变化不大,但是S11的增益具有显著的变化。例如,对于5mm槽宽度条来说,S11在2.5GHz时为-21dB,而在5.3GHz时为-16dB。对于3mm槽宽度条来说,S11在2.5GHz时为-14dB,而在5.23GHz时为-25dB。对于1mm槽宽度条来说,S11在2.5GHz和5.3GHz时大约等于-13dB。 
应该注意的是,在5mm、10mm和15mm之间改变各腿34、35、36、37的长度对于S11的增益和VSWR具有非常小的影响。图6对应于15mm的长度。还有,在1mm、2mm、4mm之间改变各腿34、35、36、37之间的距离对S11的增益和VSWR也具有很小的影响。在图6中反映了2毫米的分开距离。2mm和4mm间隔之间的增益的差别大约为2dB。图9示出了图1的2-、3-和4-条偶极的效果。 
图10A和10B示出了在保持单个条的宽度的同时改变偶极宽度的影响。偶极宽度从6mm、8mm变化到10mm。6mm的宽度对应于图6。对于6mm的宽度,具有两个不同的频率波段2.4GHz和5.3GHz,在2.4GHz,S11增益为-14dB,而在5.3GHz,S11增益为-25dB。对于8mm的宽度,具有一个大波段,该波段在从1.75延伸到5.4GHz时VSWR低于2,而S11增益大约为20dB。类似地,对于10mm宽度,具有一个大波段,该波段在从1.65延 伸到5.16GHz时VSWR低于2,并且增益为从2.2GHz的-34dB到4.9GHz的-11dB。 
在图7至9示出了结合了本发明原理的方向或单方向偶极天线。与图1的全向天线具有相同结构、功能和目的的这些元件具有相同的附图标记。 
图11至13的天线11除包括介电基板12的第一表面上的第一导电层20和介电基板12的相反表面上的第二导电偶极30之外,还包括通过下介电层16与第二导电层30分开的接地导电层60。还有,第三导电元件50设置在介电基板12上的第一导电元件20设置在其上的同一表面。第三导电元件50是方向偶极。其包括具有一对端部53的中心条51。这是大致杠铃形的导电元件。其叠置在第二导电层30的各条34、36、35、37。其通过延伸穿过介电基板12和介电层16的通道42连接到接地层60上。 
方向偶极50包括多个叠置在各条34、36、35、37的边缘部上的指部。如图所示,端条52、58叠置于并且横向延伸超过各条34、36、35、37的横向边缘。内指部54、56邻近于各条34、36、35、37的内边缘但不在此横向延伸超过。 
优选地,介电基板12的磁导率或介电常数大于介电层16的磁导率和介电常数。还有,介电基板12的厚度h1基本上小于介电层16的厚度h2。优选地,介电基板12为介电层16的厚度的至少一半。 
方向偶极50的端部53的多边形周边具有PEAN03分形方向偶极的类似形状。还应该注意的是,天线11的轮廓具有双平面倒置F天线(PIFA)的外貌。 
图14是天线11的方向增益的图线,而图15示出了VSWR和S11增益的图线。在图14中示出了5个频率。最大增益在7dB以上并且在2.5GHz时为8.29dB,而在5.7GHz时为10.5dB。图15中的VSWR是至少两个频率波段的VSWR值,其低于2。 
图16A和16B示出了馈电点fp或通道40的影响。馈电零点类似于图15所示的馈电零点。图17示出了槽宽度S在1mm、3mm和5mm之间变化的影响。该3mm宽度大致对应于图15中的3mm宽度。图18A和18B示出了偶极条宽度SW在6mm、8mm和10mm的宽度之间变化的影响。该6mm对应于图15中的宽度。图19A和19B示出了方向偶极50的部分51的长度SDL对在5GHz范围内的第二频率的影响。该8mm的宽度大致相当于图15 中的8mm宽度。 
虽然没有示出,但是可以在偶极周围设置穿过绝缘层12的许多通道孔。这些通道孔可以提供伪光晶体(pseudo-photonic crystals)。这通过减小介电材料中的表面波和辐射会增加总增益。对两种天线都是这样。 
虽然已经详细地说明和阐述了本发明公开的内容,但是可以清楚地理解地是,这仅是通过例证和实例而不是通过限制方式来实现的。本发明公开内容的范围仅仅受到所附权利要求书的限制。 

Claims (8)

1.一种用于便携无线通信装置的偶极天线,包括:
第一导电元件,其经由第一介电层叠置在第二导电元件的一部分上并且与第二导电元件分开;
第一导电通道通过第一介电层连接第一和第二导电元件;
第一导电元件为L形;
所述第二导电元件为大致U形,该U形具有弯曲部和一对分开的腿;
所述第二导电元件包括多个分隔开的导电条,所述的多个分隔开的导电条从所述U形的各个腿横向延伸并靠近所述U形的所述各个腿的端部,所述的多个分隔开的导电条分别相对于所述U形的腿垂直延伸;并且
腿上的所述的多个分隔开的导电条中的每一个形成用于不同λ0的尺寸,其中不同λ0为不同的中心频率对应的波长;
经由第二介电层与所述第二导电元件叠置并且与所述第二导电元件分开的接地导电元件,该第二介电层设置在所述第二导电元件的与第一介电层侧相反的一侧;及
经由所述第一介电层与所述第二导电元件的各条叠置并且与其分开的第三导电元件,其中第三导电元件不接触第一导电元件;以及
穿过所述各介电层将所述第三导电元件与所述接地导电元件连接的第二导电通道。
2.如权利要求1所述的天线,其中,所述第一和第三导电元件在同一平面。
3.如权利要求1所述的天线,其中,所述第三导电元件包括多个指部,所述多个指部叠置在各所述导电条的相对于所述U形的各个腿垂直延伸的边缘的一部分上。
4.如权利要求3所述的天线,其中,叠置在所述U形的各腿的第一和最末条上的第一和最末指部垂直延伸超过所述各导电条的相对于所述U形的各个腿垂直延伸的边缘。
5.如权利要求1所述的天线,其中,所述第一介电层的磁导率大于所述第二介电层的磁导率。
6.如权利要求5所述的天线,其中,所述第一介电层的厚度小于所述第二介电层的厚度。
7.如权利要求1所述的天线,其中,所述第一介电层的厚度至少是所述第二介电层的厚度的一半。
8.如权利要求1所述的天线,其中,所述天线为定向性的并且具有超过7dB的增益。
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JP2007534226A (ja) 2007-11-22
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CN104124521B (zh) 2019-09-13
TW200525819A (en) 2005-08-01
US20050110696A1 (en) 2005-05-26
US7034769B2 (en) 2006-04-25
EP1687867B1 (en) 2008-10-29
WO2005053092A1 (en) 2005-06-09
ATE412990T1 (de) 2008-11-15
KR101090592B1 (ko) 2011-12-08
KR20060123188A (ko) 2006-12-01
CN104124521A (zh) 2014-10-29
CN1886865A (zh) 2006-12-27

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