CN1882759A - 在流动通道中提供暂时性阻隔物的方法 - Google Patents
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Abstract
流动管道(10)具有至少一个位于流动源附近的孔口(12)。该流动源至少部分覆盖一种任选的暂时性包覆层或阻隔物(而且该流动源的流动被该任选的暂时性包覆层或阻隔物阻塞)。孔口与流动源之间的流动通道被可降解材料或阻隔物(18)暂时地阻塞。该材料分解(例如，在时间或温度的影响下)以任选地产生一种产物，该产物能去除阻隔物附近区域的暂时性包覆层。本方法用于一种回收烃的非限制性范围中，其中流动管道是油井的套管或衬筒，流动源是地下储层，和暂时性包覆层是滤饼。
Description
发明领域
本发明涉及用于暂时堵塞流动通道的方法和组合物，和在一个实施方案中，更具体地涉及用于在烃回收操作过程中暂时堵塞至地下岩层的流动通道的方法和组合物。
发明背景
有许多方法和应用涉及在其它的步骤或工序进行的同时形成暂时的密封或阻塞，而所述密封或阻塞之后必须被去除。当需要之后的移动或流动时，通常提供这样的密封或阻塞来暂时地阻止或堵塞流动通道、或流体或其它材料(例如，可流动的颗粒)在短时间内沿某一特定方向的移动。
从地下岩层回收烃涉及使用暂时性包覆层或阻塞的各种应用和方法，回收烃的操作必须远程进行(即，在地层深处)，但设备和材料只能在一定距离内操作。一种具体的所述操作涉及射孔和/或包括将滤饼等作为暂时性包覆层的完井操作。
油井射孔使用一种特制的枪，所述枪在套管上射一些相对小的孔。在套管相对产油带的一侧形成这些孔。这些连通的通道或射孔穿透套管或衬筒以及套管或衬筒周围的粘结剂(cement)。射孔穿透套管和粘结剂并经过一段短的距离进入生产层。含油和气的地层流体流经这些射孔并进入油井。
最常用的射孔枪使用聚能射孔弹，其与用于穿甲炮弹的那些类似。高速、高压的射流穿透钢套管、粘结剂以及紧挨着粘结剂的地层。其它射孔方法包括子弹射孔、磨蚀喷射或高压流体喷射。
连通路径(射孔)的特性和位置会对油井的产率有显著的影响。因此，坚固的设计和施工过程之后应确保有效地获得具有适宜的数量、大小和取向的射孔。组装有适合聚能射孔炸药的构造和用于检验或比较适宜的射孔深度的装置的射孔枪可以装配在钢缆、管或挠性管上
理想的是在其它操作进行的同时能够暂时地堵塞、填充或阻塞射孔的连通路径，如果射孔保留开口会带来许多问题。这些问题包括，但不必须限于，不希望的工作流体泄露进入地层和可能损害地层。
发明概述
因此，本发明的一个目的是提供一种用于暂时地堵塞流动通道的方法，其中暂时性阻隔物能够易于去除。
本发明的另一个目的是提供一种双组分暂时性阻隔物和包覆层，其中第一组分或阻隔物分解或降解为一种产物，所述产物去除第二阻隔物或包覆层。
在实现本发明的这些和其它目的时，在一种形式中，提供了一种用于暂时地堵塞流动通道的方法，其包括在流动源或流动目标的附近提供流动管道，其中该流动管道在其中有至少一个孔口。在孔口与流动源或流动目标之间提供可降解阻隔物。可降解阻隔物被降解，从而在孔口和流动源或流动目标之间形成通道。在一些实施方案中，在提供可降解阻隔物和降解该阻隔物之间进行另一操作、步骤或方法。
在本发明的另一个非限制性实施方案中，用于暂时地堵塞流动通道的方法包括在流动源或流动目标(例如，地下储层)的附近提供流动管道(例如，油井套管或衬筒)，其中该流动管道在其中有至少一个孔口(例如，由射孔枪形成的孔口)。在提供流动管道之前或之后，将暂时性包覆层(例如，滤饼)放置在流动源或流动目标(例如，储层的井筒表面)的至少一部分上。可降解阻隔物(例如，可生物降解的聚合物或其它可去除的材料)被提供或放置于孔口与在流动源或流动目标上的暂时性包覆层之间。随后，在孔口和流动源或流动目标之间至少部分围绕阻隔物形成通道。可降解阻隔物被降解为一种产物(例如，反应性酸)。最终，通过该产物的作用去除在可降解阻隔物以前位置附近的暂时性包覆层。在烃回收操作或注水操作的情况中，当流体来自地下储层时，地下储层是流动源。在注水操作中，储层是流动目标。
在本发明的另一个可选的非限制性实施方案中，提供了一种用于暂时地堵塞装置的方法，其包括在装置的至少一部分上形成可降解阻隔物，远程放置该堵塞或保护的装置，和使阻隔物降解。该装置可以是井下工具，和该远程可以是地下储层的井下。可降解阻隔物可用于保护井下工具敏感的、易碎的或精密的部分。井下工具可以是防砂过滤网。
附图简述
图1是井筒中的油井套管或管道的示意性截面图，其有两个阻隔物、套筒或筒管，在套管的每一侧各有一个，每一个从套管中的孔口一直到达井壁上的滤饼处；和
图2是井筒中的油井套管的示意性截面图，在其每一侧各有一个流动通道，其阻隔物、套筒或筒管已经分解或降解，并且储层附近的井壁上的滤饼已去除。
发明详述
在一个非限制性实施方案中，本发明使用可生物降解的聚合物或其它可降解或反应性材料作为暂时性阻隔物和钻井液(drill-influid)滤饼破坏剂(breaker)用于油井、气井或注水井的完井方法。然而，如在本文其它地方所注意到的，本发明的方法不限于这一具体的实施方案。在完井方法的一个实施方案中，阻隔物、套环(collar)、套筒、栓塞或筒管(可能含有特定尺寸的砾石填充材料并下入在套管或衬筒上的合适位置)被放置在井壁上的滤饼或其它类型的包覆层或膜与在套管中的孔口之间，并被适当地粘结。一旦适当地被粘结，为了进行开采，或者如果井是注水井，则为了进行注水，需要去除滤饼。开采或注水包括流体流过套环、套筒、栓塞或筒管和流过套管或衬筒。或者，开采或注水的进行将经过替代阻隔物、套环、套筒、栓塞或筒管的通道，例如由粘结剂形成的。典型的方法是泵送化学物质通过或接近阻隔物、套环、套筒、栓塞或筒管以溶解滤饼或密封膜。即，套环、套筒、栓塞、筒管或阻隔物被留在原地以瓦解或分解，而不是整个地被去除。该过程中的影响因素包括，但不必须限于，化学物质无能力自己到达滤饼处、滤饼或密封膜表面的不完全的覆盖、通过打开的通道损失了一些或所有化学物质进入地层、和在储层内或储层上损害性残余物的形成。但与现在使用的方法相比，本发明的方法极大地减少了这些影响因素。
在本发明一个非限制性实施方案中，套筒、筒管或阻隔物包含或至少部分由可降解材料制成，该可降解材料降解或分解为又将套筒或筒管和井壁之间的滤饼或膜去除的产物或物质。该方法将进一步消除和/或将上述众多问题减至最少。将进一步认识到当阻隔物在合适的位置实施其堵塞功能时，并不严格地需要阻隔物为有效地实施其功能而密封或液封流动通道。
合适的用于套筒、筒管或阻隔物的可降解材料包括，但不必须限于降解为酸的可生物降解的聚合物。一种所述聚合物是PLA(聚交酯)聚合物4060D(来自NatureWorksTM，Cargill Dow LLC的一个部门)。在一定时间和温度内这种聚合物分解为乳酸，其不仅溶解夹在套筒、筒管或阻隔物和井壁间的滤饼，也可刺激地层的近流动通道区域。TLF-6267聚乙醇酸(来自DuPont Specialty Chemicals)是另一种聚合物，其降解为具有相同官能度(functionality)的乙醇酸。其它的聚酯材料像聚己内酰胺和PLA与PGA的混合物以相似的方式降解，并可提供相似的滤饼去除用官能度。在非限制性的例子中，与蜡或其它合适的粘合剂材料结合在一起的固体酸(例如，氨基磺酸、三氯乙酸和柠檬酸)也是适用的。在存在液体和/或加温时，粘合剂将溶解或熔融以及固体酸颗粒将液化，并在适当的位置局部接触和从井筒表面去除滤饼，而且酸刺激流动通道当地的部分地层。聚乙烯均聚物和石蜡也是本发明方法中的可降解阻隔物可期望使用的材料。由阻隔物的降解得到的产物包括，但不必须限于，酸、碱、醇、二氧化碳及其结合物等。与全部被去除相比，可以理解这些暂时性阻隔物被适当地降解或分解。在此处的暂时性阻隔物不应当与油井中使用的常规的粘结剂或聚合物栓塞混淆。
还有其它类型的材料可起到阻隔物或栓塞的作用并可受控地被去除。聚环氧烷(例如，聚环氧乙烷)和聚亚烷基二醇(例如，聚乙二醇)是在其它内容中被最广泛使用的一些材料。这些聚合物缓慢地溶于水中。溶解速率或速度由这些聚合物的分子量决定。可接受的溶解速率可在分子量范围为100,000-7,0000,000内获得。因此，可采用适宜分子量或混合分子量设计对于温度范围为50℃-200℃的溶解速率。
在本发明的一个非限制性实施方案中，可降解材料在约1-约240小时的时间内降解。在一个可选的非限制性实施方案中，该时间范围为约1-约120小时，可选地为1-72小时。在本发明的另一个非限制性实施方案中，可降解材料的降解温度范围为约50℃-约200℃。在一个可选的非限制性实施方案中，温度范围为约50℃-约150℃。或者，温度范围的下限可以是约80℃。当然，能够理解时间和温度可以同时对材料的降解起作用。并且当然如常用于钻井液或完井液的水，或其它一些化学物质，可单独使用或与时间和/或温度一起作用以使材料降解。其它可使用的流体或化学物质包括，但不必须限于醇、互溶溶剂、燃料油例如柴油等。在本发明的上下文中，如果至少一半的阻隔物可溶于其中或溶解于其中，则认为可降解阻隔物基本上可溶于该流体中。
可以理解如果可降解材料充分分解或降解产生的产物将去除足够的滤饼以允许流体通过通道，则认为本发明的方法是成功的。即，即使不是全部的可降解材料分解、降解、溶解或被取代和/或不是全部的穿过流体通道的滤饼被去除，本发明的方法仍可认为是有效的。在一个可选的非限制性实施方案中，如果至少50％的可降解材料被分解和/或至少50％的穿过或在流体通道内的滤饼被去除，和在仍然另一个本发明的非限制性实施方案中，如果至少90％的在流动通道中的材料被分解、去除或取代，则认为本发明是成功的。这些去除率中的任何一个可在本发明上下文中被看作“基本上去除”。
现在将参照附图更详细的描述本发明，其中图1示出垂直定向的圆柱形套管或衬筒10(在文中也可称作流动管道)的截面图，在其两侧各有一个孔口12。孔口可通过射孔枪、在先的将套管插入到油井中的机械、或其它合适的技术形成。套管10被置入穿过地下储层20(文中也称为流动源，但在注水等操作的实施方案中也可看作流动目标)的带有井壁16的井筒14中。井壁16上有滤饼22，滤饼可通过钻井流体(drilling fluid)、或更通常的钻井液的沉积形成。滤饼22的沉积是本领域众所周知的现象。滤饼22(也称为暂时性包覆层)阻挡液体的流动并必须在来自地下岩层20的烃流动之前被去除，或在将水注入地层20之前被去除。
套环、套筒、阻隔物或筒管18置于孔口12和滤饼22之间。这些套筒、筒管或栓塞18由可降解的阻隔物材料制成。在图1和图2中示出的非限制性实施方案中，可降解阻隔物18是中空的。在本发明的另一个非限制性实施方案中，这些中空的套筒可至少部分填有特定尺寸的砾石填充材料。在一个本发明可选的非限制性实施方案中，可降解阻隔物18是实心的和非中空的。可以预期为了易于制造，阻隔物、套环、套筒或筒管18的形状通常是圆柱形的并有圆形的截面，但这不是本发明的必要条件或关键。套筒18被引入油井环带26中的粘结剂24包围并适当地固定(不是永久的)。粘结剂24(或其它合适的刚性材料，例如与可降解阻隔物18不同的不可生物降解的聚合物)在每一个阻隔物18周围形成一个通道是可以理解的，一旦阻隔物18被去除这将变得更明显。
在图1和图2之间，套环、阻隔物、套筒或筒管18的可降解材料通过一种机理例如加热、经过足够长的时间(例如，数小时)、或两者的结合而被降解或分解。如上所述，可降解阻隔物18降解或分解为至少一种产物，例如酸或其它试剂，该产物又将去除阻隔物18以前位置附近的滤饼22。由此产生的结构示意性地与图2相似，其中留下了在孔口12和地层20之间的穿过粘结剂24的流动通道28。之后，油井准备开采(烃从地层20流过通道28进入套管10)，或油井准备进行注水，沿着从套管10通过流动通道28进入地层20的方向。
尽管阻隔物或套筒18能够通过应用液体(例如，酸或其它化学物质)而被降解，但可以理解的是这样做的一个困难在于使液体有效地分布于套管的整个长度。本发明方法的一个重要优点是当阻隔物18降解时，产物就地生成并在沿着井筒14长度的许多位置直接运送。如果液体例如酸或其它试剂被送至井下来溶解或降解阻隔物18，与阻隔物18相邻的滤饼22也很可能被去除，然后液体将自由地泄漏进入地层10，而不是继续沿着套管10到达随后的阻隔物18。该技术是对试图从地面运送酸或其它试剂均匀地沿着井筒分布在许多位置处的改进。一般，运送的试剂的量随距离而递减。
除了在本文中最充分讨论的完成的实施方案之外，可降解阻隔物的概念可有益地用于其它应用中。例如，可降解阻隔物可作为井下工具精密或敏感部分的保护层使用。包覆层可用于其表面上并作为包覆层一直到其被适宜地放置于井中。然后启动去除机理使工具开始运转。例如，防砂网和其它井下过滤工具可被包覆以防止在孔眼中运转时阻塞，从而增加了砾石的设置以防止形成孔隙并溶解在裸眼井筒上的滤饼。
正如前面讨论的，去除机理包括但不必须限于，加热、时间、化学物质(例如，水)的应用等。这些类型的包覆层可用来控制化学物质的释放或启动井下开关，例如当水注入采出液中时。该技术可用于在孔口中放置暂时性栓塞，孔口保持闭合直到水(或其它试剂)将栓塞溶解或降解。井下液压管路也可出于“智能”完井的目的而建造。通常，这些聚合物和其它暂时性可降解材料可用于任何需要将某处与油井流体隔离的情况中，直到已知或预定的情况出现将其去除。
人们将会意识到是，暂时性阻隔物能够在除地下储层之外的远程装置之上或之内发现用途。这样的其它远程包括，但不必须限于，远程管路的内部、海底、极地、宇宙飞船、人造卫星、地球外的行星、月球和小行星、和生物体(例如，人类)内部等。
在上面的说明书中，本发明已经参照具体实施方案进行了描述，并且如期望的那样已经证实了本发明有效地提供了一种促进烃流动或将水(或其它液体)注入地下岩层的方法。但是，显而易见的是，可以在不偏离如所附的权利要求所述的较宽的精神和范围的情况下对本发明进行各种修改和改变。因此，本说明书被认为是说明性的而不是限制性的。例如，落在本发明请求保护的参数范围内、但并未在特定的组成中或具体条件下进行具体地验证或试验的可降解材料、降解的产物、滤饼材料、降解机理和其它组分的具体的组合都预期在本发明的范围内。
Claims (24)
1、一种用于暂时地堵塞流动通道的方法，其包括：
在流动源或流动目标的附近提供流动管道，其中该流动管道在其中有至少一个孔口；
在孔口与流动源或流动目标之间提供可降解阻隔物；
使可降解阻隔物降解，从而在孔口与流动源或流动目标之间形成通道。
2、如权利要求1所述的方法，其中该可降解阻隔物是可生物降解的。
3、如权利要求1所述的方法，其中在将可降解阻隔物加热至50-200℃的温度时，该可降解阻隔物基本上被去除。
4、如权利要求1所述的方法，其中通过使阻隔物与一种流体接触而使可降解阻隔物基本上被去除，其中该可降解阻隔物基本上溶于所述流体。
5、如上述任一项权利要求所述的方法，其中在经过1-240小时后，该可降解阻隔物基本上被去除。
6、如权利要求1或5所述的方法，其中该可降解阻隔物选自聚乳酸、聚己内酰胺、聚乙醇酸、聚乙烯醇、聚环氧烷、聚亚烷基二醇、聚乙烯均聚物、包含固体酸的石蜡、包含固体酸颗粒的材料、和它们的结合物。
7、如上述任一项权利要求所述的方法，其中该流动管道是油井套管或衬筒，该流动源是地下岩层和该方法是烃回收操作。
8、一种用于暂时地堵塞流动通道的方法，其包括：
在流动源或流动目标的附近提供流动管道，其中该流动管道在其中有至少一个孔口；
在流动源或流动目标的至少一部分上设置暂时性包覆层；
在孔口与流动源或流动目标上的暂时性包覆层之间提供可降解阻隔物；
在孔口与流动源或流动目标之间围绕阻隔物形成通道；
使可降解阻隔物降解为至少一种产物；和
通过该产物的作用去除可降解阻隔物以前位置附近的暂时性包覆层。
9、如权利要求8所述的方法，其中该可降解阻隔物是可生物降解的。
10、如权利要求8所述的方法，其中在将可降解阻隔物加热至50-200℃的温度时，该可降解阻隔物基本上被去除。
11、如权利要求8所述的方法，其中通过使阻隔物与一种流体接触而使可降解阻隔物基本上被去除，其中该可降解阻隔物基本上溶于所述流体。
12、如权利要求8-11中任一项所述的方法，其中在经过1-240小时后，该可降解阻隔物基本上被去除。
13、如权利要求8-12中任一项所述的方法，其中该产物是酸。
14、如权利要求8-13中任一项所述的方法，其中该可降解阻隔物选自聚乳酸、聚己内酰胺、聚乙醇酸、聚乙烯醇、聚乙烯均聚物、包含固体酸的石蜡、包含固体酸颗粒的材料、和它们的结合物。
15、如权利要求8-14中任一项所述的方法，其中该流动管道是油井套管或衬筒，该流动源或流动目标是地下岩层，该暂时性包覆层是滤饼和该方法是烃回收操作。
16、一种用于暂时地堵塞装置的方法，其包括：
在装置的至少一部分上形成可降解阻隔物；
在远程放置该堵塞的装置；和
使阻隔物降解。
17、如权利要求16所述的方法，其中该装置是井下工具。
18、如权利要求17所述的方法，其中该井下工具是井下过滤工具。
19、如权利要求16-17中任一项所述的方法，其中该可降解阻隔物是可生物降解的。
20、如权利要求16-17中任一项所述的方法，其中在将可降解阻隔物加热至50-200℃的温度时，该可降解阻隔物基本上被去除。
21、如权利要求16-17中任一项所述的方法，其中通过使阻隔物与一种流体接触而使可降解阻隔物基本上被去除，其中该可降解阻隔物基本上溶于所述流体。
22、如权利要求16-21中任一项所述的方法，其中在经过1-240小时后，该可降解阻隔物基本上被去除。
23、如权利要求16-18和22中任一项所述的方法，其中该可降解阻隔物选自聚乳酸、聚己内酰胺、聚乙醇酸、聚乙烯醇、包含固体酸颗粒的熔融材料、聚环氧烷、聚亚烷基二醇、聚乙烯均聚物、包含固体酸的石蜡、包含固体酸颗粒的熔融材料、和它们的结合物。
24、如权利要求16-23中任一项所述的方法，其中该方法选自从地下储层回收烃和将流体注入地下储层。
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Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| RU2006117365A (ru) | 2007-12-10 |
| BRPI0415835B1 (pt) | 2016-01-26 |
| AU2004286216B2 (en) | 2010-06-10 |
| CA2543408C (en) | 2008-12-30 |
| WO2005042915A1 (en) | 2005-05-12 |
| GB2423325A (en) | 2006-08-23 |
| NO330477B1 (no) | 2011-04-26 |
| US7461699B2 (en) | 2008-12-09 |
| GB0608003D0 (en) | 2006-05-31 |
| AU2004286216A1 (en) | 2005-05-12 |
| BRPI0415835A (pt) | 2007-01-02 |
| US20050092363A1 (en) | 2005-05-05 |
| NO20062241L (no) | 2006-06-02 |
| CA2543408A1 (en) | 2005-05-12 |
| US7762342B2 (en) | 2010-07-27 |
| US20090078408A1 (en) | 2009-03-26 |
| CN100564792C (zh) | 2009-12-02 |
| RU2372470C2 (ru) | 2009-11-10 |
| GB2423325B (en) | 2008-12-03 |
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