CN1882416A - Method of making a coated abrasive - Google Patents
Method of making a coated abrasive Download PDFInfo
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- CN1882416A CN1882416A CNA2004800343631A CN200480034363A CN1882416A CN 1882416 A CN1882416 A CN 1882416A CN A2004800343631 A CNA2004800343631 A CN A2004800343631A CN 200480034363 A CN200480034363 A CN 200480034363A CN 1882416 A CN1882416 A CN 1882416A
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- Prior art keywords
- abrasive
- substrate
- distal region
- projection
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
- B24D—TOOLS FOR GRINDING, BUFFING OR SHARPENING
- B24D3/00—Physical features of abrasive bodies, or sheets, e.g. abrasive surfaces of special nature; Abrasive bodies or sheets characterised by their constituents
- B24D3/02—Physical features of abrasive bodies, or sheets, e.g. abrasive surfaces of special nature; Abrasive bodies or sheets characterised by their constituents the constituent being used as bonding agent
- B24D3/20—Physical features of abrasive bodies, or sheets, e.g. abrasive surfaces of special nature; Abrasive bodies or sheets characterised by their constituents the constituent being used as bonding agent and being essentially organic
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
- B24D—TOOLS FOR GRINDING, BUFFING OR SHARPENING
- B24D3/00—Physical features of abrasive bodies, or sheets, e.g. abrasive surfaces of special nature; Abrasive bodies or sheets characterised by their constituents
- B24D3/02—Physical features of abrasive bodies, or sheets, e.g. abrasive surfaces of special nature; Abrasive bodies or sheets characterised by their constituents the constituent being used as bonding agent
- B24D3/20—Physical features of abrasive bodies, or sheets, e.g. abrasive surfaces of special nature; Abrasive bodies or sheets characterised by their constituents the constituent being used as bonding agent and being essentially organic
- B24D3/28—Resins or natural or synthetic macromolecular compounds
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
- B24D—TOOLS FOR GRINDING, BUFFING OR SHARPENING
- B24D11/00—Constructional features of flexible abrasive materials; Special features in the manufacture of such materials
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
- B24D—TOOLS FOR GRINDING, BUFFING OR SHARPENING
- B24D11/00—Constructional features of flexible abrasive materials; Special features in the manufacture of such materials
- B24D11/04—Zonally-graded surfaces
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Polishing Bodies And Polishing Tools (AREA)
Abstract
An abrasive article includes an array of protruding abrasive units. Each unit has a base and a distal apex that is off-center from the base when projected on to a plane that is coplanar with the base. The abrasive article includes a backing bonded to an abrasive coating formed to include the aforementioned abrasive units. Methods for making the abrasive article include nipping a production tool, an abrasive slurry, and the backing. A binder within the slurry is cured during fabrication. The abrasive article may be used to abrade a workpiece.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the manufacture method of abrasive material array, abrasive product, this abrasive product and the using method of this abrasive product.Abrasive product comprises substrate, and this substrate has at least one the lip-deep abrasive coating that is bonded to this substrate.Abrasive coating becomes to comprise projection unit that this projection unit has available geometry.
Background technology
Abrasive product is used for grinding and there has been a century of going up on the polishing workpiece surface.The meticulous polishing of the scope of these application from high stock removal, high-pressure metal grinding technics to lens.Usually, abrasive product comprises a plurality of abrasive particles, and these abrasive particles or bond together (for example bonded abrasive or emery wheel) perhaps are bonded in (for example band coating abrasive material) on the substrate.For the band coating abrasive material, have single layer of abrasive particles usually, have two-layer abrasive particle sometimes.In case these abrasive wears, coating abrasive material will wear and tear basically, and can be discarded usually.
By United States Patent (USP) the 5th, 152, No. 917 (people such as Pieper), we recognize structured abrasive.Importantly, the structured abrasive of being told about by Pieper produces on surface of the work than higher cutting speed and meticulousr surface smoothness.That structured abrasive comprises is nonrandom, the abrasive composites of Accurate Shaping, and this abrasive composites is bonded on the substrate.
Although for example the structured abrasive of being told about by Pieper has desirable characteristic, for example high cutting speed, but still have such trend, promptly the validity of structured abrasive can incur loss in time.Like this, in three or four initial abrasion circulations, structured abrasive can produce specific cutting speed (for example, with gram/cyclic representation), but after 5 or 10 circulations, the cutting speed that can produce has only the part of its initial value.The degeneration of this cutting speed is disadvantageous to the target that effective abrasion technology is provided.
From the content of front, obviously, there are needs for such scheme, promptly by this scheme, can the manufacturing structure abrasive material, prolonging its life span, and its cutting speed is degenerated minimize.
Summary of the invention
The present invention relates to the manufacture method of abrasive material array, abrasive product, abrasive product and the using method of abrasive product.According to one embodiment of present invention, the abrasive material array of a plurality of projection units can be such structure, that is: each unit has body, and described body is by abrasive grain and binding agent constitute at least.Each body can have the zone of substrate and the described substrate farthest side of distance.Described abrasive material array can comprise a plurality of projection units, and described projection unit becomes bidimensional to distribute.Each projection unit has substrate, and described substrate has periphery.For each unit, when its distal region separately projects to it separately on the plane of substrate coplane, between the central point of the projection of distal region and described substrate, limit and depart from vector.Described a plurality of projection units depart from vector and can not approach the limit zero.
According to another embodiment of the present invention, abrasive product comprises substrate, and described substrate has front and rear surfaces.Abrasive coating can be bonded to the front surface of described substrate.Described abrasive coating can comprise a plurality of projection units, and described projection unit becomes bidimensional to distribute.Each projection unit has substrate, and described substrate has periphery.For each unit, when its distal region separately projects to it separately on the plane of substrate coplane, between the central point of the projection of distal region and described substrate, limit and depart from vector.Described a plurality of projection units depart from vector and can not approach the limit zero.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the amplification view of a representative abrasive product embodiment of the present invention;
Fig. 2 is the schematic diagram of manufacturing process of the abrasive product of Fig. 1;
Fig. 3 is the schematic diagram of another manufacturing process of the abrasive product of Fig. 1;
Fig. 4 A describes is the top view of projection unit according to an embodiment of the invention;
Fig. 4 B describes is the top view of abrasive product according to an embodiment of the invention;
Fig. 4 C describes is the top view of abrasive product according to an embodiment of the invention;
Fig. 4 D describes is another top view of projection unit according to an embodiment of the invention;
Fig. 4 E describes is another top view of projection unit according to an embodiment of the invention;
Fig. 4 F describes is another top view of projection unit according to an embodiment of the invention;
Fig. 4 G describes is another top view of projection unit according to an embodiment of the invention;
Fig. 4 H describes is another top view of projection unit according to an embodiment of the invention;
What Fig. 5 described is another kind of according to an embodiment of the invention abrasive product;
Fig. 6 A describes is the array of projection unit according to an embodiment of the invention;
What Fig. 6 B described is another kind of according to an embodiment of the invention projection unit array.
The specific embodiment
The present invention relates to the manufacture method of abrasive material array, abrasive product, abrasive product and the using method of abrasive product.
With reference to Fig. 1, abrasive product 20 comprises the abrasive composites 22 that is separated by border 25.Abrasive composites is bonded on the surface of substrate 21.One or more boundary line relevant with composite shape separates to a certain degree an abrasive composites abrasive composites adjacent with another piece.In order to form independent abrasive composites, the part in the boundary line of formation abrasive composites shape must be separated from each other.Note, in Fig. 1, substrate or the abrasive composites part of the close substrate abrasive composites adjacency that can be adjacent.Abrasive composites 22 comprises a plurality of abrasive particles 24, and this abrasive particle is dispersed in binding agent 23 and the grinding aid 26.Scope of the present invention also comprises the combination that is bonded to the abrasive composites on the substrate, part abrasive composites adjacency wherein, and have open space between other abrasive composites.
Substrate
Substrate of the present invention has front and rear surfaces, and can be the abrasive material substrate of any routine.Available substrate example comprises thin polymer film, goes up thin polymer film, cloth, paper, sclerotic fiber, non-weaving cloth and the above-mentioned composition of primer.Other available substrate comprises as United States Patent (USP) 5,316, the fiber reinforced thermolplastic substrate disclosed in 812, and at the bottom of the ring-type seamless lining disclosed in world patent application WO93/12911.Substrate also can comprise one or more seal substrate and/or some physical property of substrate be carried out the processing of modification.These are handled in the present technique field is known.
Substrate also can have attachment arrangement on its rear surface, so that resulting coated abrasives can be fixed on supporting pad or the support pad.As above-mentioned United States Patent (USP) 5,316, disclosed in 812, this attachment arrangement can be that pressure sensitive adhesives, one side are the attachment system or the threaded ridge of hook and ring.Perhaps can be the United States Patent (USP) 5,201 as the assignee, the intermeshing attachment system described in 101 be incorporated this paper at this into way of reference.
Non-skid coating or friction coating can also be contained in the back side of abrasive product.The example of this class coating comprises the inorganic particles (for example, calcium carbonate or quartz) that is dispersed in the binding agent.
Abrasive coating
Abrasive particle
The particle size range of abrasive particle is generally about 0.1～1500 micron, between about 0.1～400 micron, is preferably between 0.1～100 micron usually, is preferably between 0.1～50 micron.Preferably, the Morse hardness of abrasive particle is at least about 8, more preferably greater than 9.The example of this class abrasive particle comprises aluminium oxide (comprising brown aluminium oxide, heat treatment aluminium oxide and white alumina), ceramic alumina, green silicon carbide, carborundum, chromium oxide, alumina zirconia abrasive, diamond, iron oxide, ceria, cubic boron nitride, boron carbide, garnet and the above-mentioned composition of fusion.
Term " abrasive particle " also comprises by single abrasive particle and bonding together to form abrasive agglomerate.United States Patent (USP) 4,311,489,4,652,275 and 4,799,939 have further described abrasive agglomerate, and above-mentioned all patents are incorporated this paper at this into way of reference.
The present invention also is included in has face coat on the abrasive particle.Face coat can have multiple difference in functionality.In some cases, face coat can improve abrasive particle to the adhesion of binding agent, the abrasive characteristic of change abrasive particle etc.The example of face coat comprises coupling agent, halide salt, comprises siliceous metal oxide, fire-resistant metal nitride, fire-resistant metal carbides etc.
In the abrasive composites particulate that mixes can also be arranged.These granularities of mixing particulate can be in the same order of magnitude with abrasive particle.The example that this class is mixed particulate comprises gypsum, marble, lime stone, flint, silica, glass envelope, bead, alumina silicate etc.
Binding agent
Abrasive particle is dispersed in the organic binder bond to form abrasive composites.Binding agent is derived by binder precursor and is got, and contains polymerisable organic resin in the binder precursor.In abrasive particle manufacture process of the present invention, binder precursor is exposed to energy source, and this energy source helps initiated polymerization process or solidification process.The example of energy source comprises heat energy and radiant energy, and the latter comprises electron beam, ultraviolet light and visible light.In polymerization process, resin polymerization and binder precursor change into solid binder.After binder precursor is solidified, form abrasive coating.Binding agent in the abrasive coating also plays usually abrasive coating is bonded to effect on the substrate.
There are two class preferred resins to can be used among the present invention, promptly curable condensation resin and polymerisable addition resin.Preferred binder precursor comprises polymerisable addition resin, because this resinoid solidifies by being exposed to radiant energy easily.Polymerisable addition resin can the polymerization by cationic mechanism or free radical mechanism.The chemical property that depends on employed energy source and binder precursor is preferably helped initiated polymerization with curing agent, initator or catalyst sometimes.
Commonly used and preferred organic resin example comprises phenolic resins, urea formaldehyde resin, melamine formaldehyde resin, acroleic acid polyurethane, acrylic acid epoxy resin, ethylenically unsaturated compounds, has the aminoplast derivative of side chain unsaturated carbonyl, has the acrylate-based isocyanurate derivative of at least one side chain, has the acrylate-based isocyanate derivates of at least one side chain, vinyl ethers, epoxy resin and above-mentioned mixture and composition.Term " acrylate " comprises acrylate and methacrylate.
Phenolic resins because of its thermal property, obtain easily and cost is low is widely used in the abrasive product binding agent.Two class phenolic resins, resol and novolac resins are arranged.The mol ratio of formaldehyde and phenol is more than or equal to 1: 1, usually between 1.5: 1.0～3.0: 1.0 in the resol.The mol ratio of formaldehyde and phenol was less than 1: 1 in the novolac resin.Commercially available phenolic resins example comprises following product: commodity are called " Durez " and " Varcum ", and OccidentalChemicals company produces; " Resinox ", Monsanto produces; " Aerofene ", Ashland Chemical Co. produces; " Aerotap ", Ashland Chemical Co. produces.
The polyurethane of propylene acidifying is with the polyester hydroxy-end capped, that isocyanates NCO stretches or the diacrylate of polyethers.Commercially available acroleic acid polyurethane product example comprises that commodity " UVITHANE 782 " Morton Thiokol Chemical by name produces, and " CMD6600 ", " CMD 8400 " and " CMD 8805 " Radcure Specialties product.
Acrylic acid epoxy ester is the diacrylate of epoxy resin, for example the diacrylate of bisphenol A epoxide resin.Commercially available acrylic acid epoxy ester product example comprises that commodity are called " CMD3500 ", " CMD 3600 " and " CMD 3700 ", and Radcure Specialties produces.
The ethylenic unsaturated-resin had both comprised that monomeric compound also comprised polymerizable compound, and this monomeric compound and polymerizable compound contain carbon atom, hydrogen atom and oxygen atom, and contained nitrogen-atoms and halogen atom alternatively.Oxygen atom or nitrogen-atoms or the two appear in ether, ester group, urethane ester group, amide groups and the urea groups usually.
Ethylenically unsaturated compounds is preferably molecular weight less than about 4,000, and be preferably the ester that generates by containing the reaction of polyhydric compound of aliphatic monohydroxy or aliphatic and unsaturated carboxylic acid, unsaturated carboxylic acid is acrylic acid, methacrylic acid, itaconic acid, crotonic acid, iso-crotonic acid and maleic acid etc. for example.The representative instance of acrylate comprises methyl methacrylate, EMA styrene, divinylbenzene, vinyltoluene, ethylene glycol diacrylate, methacrylic acid glycol ester, diacrylate adipate ester, diacrylate triethyleneglycol ester, trimethyol propane triacrylate, three acrylic acid glyceride, pentaerythritol triacrylate, methacrylic acid pentaerythritol ester, pentaerythritol tetracrylate and pentaerythritol tetracrylate.Other ethylenic unsaturated-resin comprises monoene propyl diester, polyenoid propyl diester and many methylallyls ester and carboxylic acid amide, for example diallyl phthalate, diallyl adipate and N, N-diallyl adipamide.Other nitrogen-containing compound also comprises three (2-acryloyl ethyoxyl) isocyanuric acid ester, 1,3,5-three (2-methacryl ethyoxyl)-triazine, acrylamide, Methacrylamide, N methacrylamide, N,N-DMAA, N-vinyl pyrrolidone and N-vinyl piperidones.
Has at least one α on each molecule of amino resin or the oligomer, β side chain unsaturated carbonyl.These unsaturated carbonyls can be acrylate, methacrylate or acid/acrylic amide type group.The example of this class material comprises N-(methylol) acrylamide, N, N '-oxygen ethanetetrayl bisacrylamide, ortho position and contraposition acrylamide methylate phenolic aldehyde, acrylamide methylate novolac resin and above-mentioned composition.United States Patent (USP) 4,903,440 and 5,236,472 have further described these materials, and above-mentioned patent is incorporated this paper at this into way of reference.
United States Patent (USP) 4,652,274 have further described and have the acrylate-based isocyanurate derivative of at least one side chain, have the acrylate-based isocyanate derivates of at least one side chain, and this patent is incorporated this paper at this into way of reference.Preferred isocyurnate material is the triacrylate of three (ethoxy) isocyanuric acid ester.
Epoxy resin has oxirane, and forms by ring-opening polymerisation.This based epoxy resin comprises monomeric epoxy resins and epoxy resin oligomer.Some preferred epoxy resin examples comprise 2, [4-(2 for 2-two, the 3-glycidoxy)-and phenyl-propane] (diphenol diglycidyl ether) and commercially available proprietary concentrate, these materials can be following products, commodity are called " Epon 828 ", " Epon1004 " and " Epon 1001F " produced by Shell Chemical Co., and commodity " DER-331 ", " DER-332 " and " DER-334 " by name, produce by Dow Chemical Co..Other suitable epoxy resin comprises the glycidol ether (for example, can available from " DEN-431 " and " DEN-428 " of Dow chemical Co.) of phenolic resin varinish.
Epoxy resin of the present invention can carry out polymerization with cationic mechanism by adding suitable cation curing agent.Cation curing agent produces acid source, to cause polymerization of epoxy resins.These cation curing agents can comprise the salt with complex cation and halogen, and this salt contains metal or nonmetal coordination anion.United States Patent (USP) 4,751,138 (the 6th hurdle the 65th row is to the 9th hurdle the 45th row) have also been described other cation curing agent, comprise the salt with organic metal coordination cation and halogen, this salt contains metal or nonmetal complex anion, and this patent is incorporated this paper at this into way of reference.United States Patent (USP) 4,985,340 (the 4th hurdle the 65th row is to the 14th hurdle the 50th row) and on March 8th, 1989 disclosed european patent application 306,161 and 306,162 examples of having described another kind of organic metal salt and salt, above-mentioned patent is all incorporated this paper into way of reference.In addition, November 21 nineteen eighty-three disclosed european patent application 109,581 have described other cation curing agent, this cation curing agent includes the ion salt of organic metal complex, wherein metal is selected from IVB, VB, VIB, VIIB and the VIIIB family element of the periodic table of elements, and this patent is incorporated this paper into way of reference.
About the free radical curable resin, be preferably in some cases and also comprise free radical curing agent in the abrasive material slurry.But under the situation of electron beam, because electron beam itself just produces free radical, so not necessarily always need curing agent as energy source.
The example of free radical thermal initiator comprises peroxide, for example benzoyl peroxide, azo-compound, benzophenone and quinone.For ultraviolet light or visible light energy source, this curing agent is called as light trigger sometimes.Be exposed to the initator example that can produce the free radical source under the ultraviolet light, include but not limited to be selected from the group that constitutes by following material: organic peroxide, azo-compound, quinone, benzophenone, nitroso compound, acryloyl halogenation thing, hydrazone, sulfhydryl compound, pyrylium compound, three propylene imidazoles (triacrylimdazoles), diimidazole, chlorine alkyl triazine, benzoin ether, dibenzoyl ketal, thioxanthones and acetophenone derivs and above-mentioned mixture.At the United States Patent (USP) 4 that is entitled as " Coated Abrasive Binder Containing Ternary PhotoinitiatorSystem (the coated abrasives binding agent that contains triple photoinitiator systems) ", 735, in 632, can find to be exposed to the initator example that visible radiation can produce the free radical source, this patent is incorporated this paper at this into way of reference.The preferred initator that uses together with visible light is can be from " Irgacure 369 " that Ciba Geigy Corporation buys.
Grinding aid
Grinding aid is defined as a kind of like this material, is preferably microparticle material, this material is added in the abrasive product and can produce remarkable result to the chemistry and the physical process of grinding, thereby improve performance.Common and preferable methods is that grinding aid is added in the slurry as particulate, adds in the slurry but grinding aid can be used as liquid.Compare with the abrasive product that does not comprise grinding aid, use grinding aid can improve the grinding efficiency or the cutting speed (being defined as the workpiece weight that loss Unit Weight abrasive product is removed) of corresponding abrasive product.Specifically, in this area, believe that grinding aid can reach following effect: 1) reduce abrasive grain and the workpiece that ground between friction, 2) prevent " block " of abrasive grain, that is, prevent that metallic (under the situation of metal works) is heat fused to the top of abrasive grain, 3) reduce the interface temperature between abrasive grain and the workpiece, 4) reduce required abrasive power, perhaps 5) stop the oxidation of metal works.Usually, add the service life that grinding aid can prolong abrasive product.
The present invention can with grinding aid contain various material, and can be material based on inorganic matter or organic matter.The example of grinding aid chemical race comprises wax, organohalogen compounds, halide salt and metal and alloy thereof.Organohalogen compounds can decompose and discharge hydracid or gaseous halide usually in process of lapping.The example of this class material comprises chlorinated wax such as Tetrachloronaphthalene, Pentachloronaphthalene and polyvinyl chloride.The example of halide salt comprises sodium chloride, elpasolite, sodium cryolite, ammonium ice crystal, potassium tetrafluoroborate, sodium tetrafluoroborate, silicon fluoride, potassium chloride, magnesium chloride.The example of metal comprises tin, lead, bismuth, cobalt, antimony, cadmium, iron, titanium, and other various grinding aids comprise sulphur, organic sulfur compound, graphite and metal sulfide.The combination of using different grinding aids and can produce cooperative effect also within the scope of the present invention in some cases.
The example of above-mentioned grinding aid is only as representative.The grinding aid that the present invention better uses is an ice crystal, preferably potassium tetrafluoroborate (KBF
4).
It is non-abrasive material that grinding aid is considered to, that is, the Morse hardness of grinding aid is less than 8.Can also contain impurity in the grinding aid; These impurity should not can obviously reduce the performance of abrasive product.
The preferable range of grinding aid granularity is about 0.1～100 micron, more preferably between 10～70 microns.Usually, the granularity of grinding aid is preferably and is equal to or less than wear particle size.
Usually, abrasive coating comprise at least about 1% (percentage by weight), usually at least about 2.5% (percentage by weight), be preferably at least about 5% (percentage by weight), more preferably at least about the grinding aid of 10% (percentage by weight), but be preferably the grinding aid that comprises at least about 20% (percentage by weight).It can be disadvantageous that grinding aid surpasses about 50% (percentage by weight), because nonferromagnetic substance is descended (because only having less abrasive particle).Along with the raising of grinding aid content, the relative nonferromagnetic substance of estimating with cutting speed also can improve thereupon but unexpectedly.This is beat all, because along with the raising of grinding aid content in the abrasive coating, the relative amount of abrasive particle can descend.And abrasive particle is to be responsible for as-machined workpiece surface, and grinding aid does not have this effect.Usually, abrasive coating contains abrasive particle 5～90% (percentage by weight), is preferably 20～80% (percentage by weights), contain binding agent 5～80% (percentage by weight), be preferably 5～40% (percentage by weights), contain grinding aid 5～60% (percentage by weight), be preferably 10～40% (percentage by weights).
Optional additive
The present invention can with slurry can also contain optional additive, for example filler, fiber, lubricant, wetting agent, thixotropic materials, surfactant, pigment, dyestuff, antistatic additive, coupling agent, plasticizer and suspending agent.Content to these materials is selected, so that desired properties to be provided.Use these materials can influence the erosion property of abrasive composites.In some cases, have a mind to add additive, so that the easier abrasion of abrasive composites, thereby remove the abrasive particle of blunt and expose the abrasive particle that makes new advances.
The present invention can with the example of antistatic additive comprise graphite, carbon black, vanadium oxide and wetting agent etc.These antistatic additive are disclosed in United States Patent (USP) 5,061, and 294,5,137,542 and 5,203,884, above-mentioned patent is incorporated this paper at this into way of reference.
Coupling agent can form related bridge joint between binder precursor and filler grain or abrasive particle.Available coupling agent example comprises silane, titanate esters and zirconium aluminate (zirconium aluminium is coupling agent).Available slurry preferably contains the coupling agent of have an appointment 0.01～3% (percentage by weight).
The present invention can with the suspending agent example be amorphous silica particles, its surface area is less than 150 meters squared per gram, the commercially available prod has commodity to be called " OX-50 ", DeGussa company produces.
The abrasive coating that contains abrasive composites
A preferred aspect of the present invention is: abrasive coating is the form that a plurality of abrasive composites are bonded to substrate.Usually preferably, each abrasive composites has accurate shape.The accurate shape of each compound is determined by clear and legible boundary line.When microscope is for example observed the cross section of abrasive product under the SEM, these clear and legible boundary lines are easy to see and are very clear.Comparatively speaking, in the abrasive coating of forming by the compound that does not have accurate shape, the uncertain and very difficult identification in boundary line.Above-mentioned these clear and legible boundary lines form the profile or the profile of accurate shape.These boundary lines are separated from each other to a certain degree abrasive composites, also abrasive composites are distinguished each other.
With reference to Fig. 1, abrasive product 20 comprises the abrasive composites 22 that is separated by border 25.One or more boundary line relevant with composite shape to a certain degree separates an abrasive composites abrasive composites adjacent with another piece.In order to form independent abrasive composites, the part in the boundary line of formation abrasive composites shape must be separated from each other.Note, in Fig. 1, substrate or the abrasive composites part of the close substrate abrasive composites adjacency that can be adjacent.Abrasive composites 22 comprises a plurality of abrasive particles 24, and this abrasive particle is dispersed in binding agent 23 and the grinding aid 26.The present invention also comprises a kind of assembly that obtains to be bonded to the abrasive composites on the substrate, part abrasive composites adjacency wherein, and have open space between other abrasive composites.
In some cases, the border of formation shape is the plane.For the shape with plane, it has at least three planes.The number of planes of given shape changes according to required geometry, and for example number of planes can be from 3 to more than 20.Be generally 3～10 planes, be preferably 3～6 planes.These Plane intersects form required shape and angle, and the angle of cut on these planes will determine geomery.
Another aspect of the present invention is: the part abrasive composites has the adjacent abrasive composites different with its size.In this invention scheme, at least 10%, be preferably at least 30%, more preferably at least 50%, be preferably at least 60% abrasive composites and have the adjacent abrasive composites different with its size.The size of these different sizes and the shape of abrasive composites, the angle between the flat edge boundary line or abrasive composites is relevant.Adjacent abrasive composites has these different sizes, makes the abrasive product that obtains produce meticulousr surface smoothness relatively on the workpiece that is ground or make with extra care.The U.S. Patent application Ser.No.08/120 that submits in 13 days September in 1993 to be examined jointly of this assignee has further described this scheme of the present invention in 300.
The shape of abrasive composites can be an Any shape, but is preferably geometry for example rectangle, taper, semicircle, circle, triangle, square, hexagon, pyramid and octagon etc.The embodiment of preferable shape appears in the part that hereinafter is called " geometry ".Can call " projection unit " to the shape of single abrasive composites at this.Preferable shape is a pyramid, and this pyramidal bottom can be three limits or four edges.In addition, long-pending being preferably from substrate of the cross-sectional surface of abrasive composites successively decreased or reduced along its height.In use, along with the wearing and tearing of abrasive composites, the surface area of this variation causes uneven pressure.In addition, in making the abrasive product process, the surface area of this variation makes that abrasive composites is easier and breaks away from from the tool of production.Usually, every square centimeter has at least 5 independent abrasive composites.In some cases, every square centimeter has at least 500 independent abrasive composites.
The manufacture method of abrasive product
The basic step of making arbitrary abrasive product of the present invention is to prepare slurry.Make slurry by binder precursor, grinding aid, abrasive particle and optional additive being combined with any suitable hybrid technology.The example of hybrid technology comprises low shear-mixed and high shear mixing, and high shear mixing is preferred.Can also be used in combination ultrasonic energy with blend step, to reduce the viscosity of abrasive material slurry.Usually, gradually abrasive particle and grinding aid are added in the binder precursor.In the blend step process, vacuumize and to make in the slurry air bubble content reduce to minimum.In some cases, the preferred usually slurry that heats in 30～70 ℃ scope is to reduce viscosity.Importantly, slurry should have make it can be well applied rheological property, wherein abrasive particle and grinding aid can not settle from slurry.
Energy source
After slurry is coated on the substrate, for example, slurry is exposed to energy source to cause the polymerization of resin in the binder precursor by after the tool of production (hereinafter describing) is transferred on the substrate.The example of energy source comprises heat energy and radiant energy.The consumption of energy depends on Several Factors, for example the content of the granularity of the chemical property of binder precursor, abrasive material slurry, abrasive particle and type and selected content of additive and type.For heat energy, temperature can be in about 30～150 ℃ scope, is generally in 40～120 ℃ the scope.Open-assembly time can arrive above 24 hours at about 5 minutes.
Suitable radiation source comprises electron beam, ultraviolet light or visible light.Electron beam irradiation is also referred to as ionising radiation, can be used in the about 0.1～about 10Mrad of energy rank, be preferably in the occasion of the about 1～about 10Mrad of energy rank.Ultraviolet radiation refer to wavelength in about 200～about 400 nanometer range, be preferably the non-particle radiation in about 250～400 nanometer range.Visible radiation refer to wavelength in about 400～about 800 nanometer range, be preferably the non-particle radiation in about 400～about 550 nanometer range.The preferred visible light that uses 300～600 watts/inch.
After polymerization process finished, binder precursor changed into binding agent, and slurry changes into abrasive coating.Usually, made abrasive product can use.But in some cases, also can need other processing for example wetting or crooked.Before using abrasive product, can change into any required form to abrasive product, for example taper, endless belt shape, sheet and plate-like etc.
The tool of production
About third and fourth aspect of the present invention, in some cases, be preferably the abrasive composites that abrasive coating is become have accurate shape.In order to make this class abrasive product, need the tool of production usually.
The tool of production contains a plurality of cavitys.These cavitys are essentially the negative shape of abrasive composites, and are used to form the shape of abrasive composites.The size of selecting cavity is to provide required abrasive composites shape and size.If the shape of cavity or size are made improperly, the then made tool of production just can not provide required size for abrasive composites.
Cavity can be dot pattern, has between the adjacent pocket at interval, perhaps the mutual butt of cavity.Be preferably the mutual butt of cavity.In addition, select the shape of cavity that the cross-sectional area of abrasive composites is successively decreased from substrate.
The tool of production can be band, sheet, continuous sheet or net, applicator roll (for example gravure roll), be installed in sleeve pipe or mould on the coating roll.The tool of production can be made of metal (for example, nickel), metal alloy or plastics.Available any routine techniques for example engraving method, polishing method (bobbing), electrocasting, diamond turning etc. is made the Metal Production instrument.A kind of technology of preferred manufacturing Metal Production instrument is diamond turning.
Thermoplasticity instrument available metal mother-tool duplicates and forms.Mother-tool has and the opposite pattern of the required pattern of the tool of production.Mother-tool can adopt the mode identical with the tool of production to make.Mother-tool preferably with metal for example nickel make and by diamond turning.But heating thermoplastic sheet material, and can select to heat together with mother-tool, thereby by the two is forced together, and make thermoplastic impress out the pattern of mother-tool.Also thermoplastic can be extruded or is cast on the master metal instrument, then pressurization.The thermoplastic cooling curing has been made the tool of production.The example of preferred thermoplasticity tool of production material comprises polyester, Merlon, polyvinyl chloride, polypropylene, polyethylene and combination thereof.If use the thermoplasticity tool of production, it is overheated then must carefully not produce, and overheated meeting makes the distortion of the thermoplasticity tool of production.
The tool of production can also contain release coating, so that the easier disengaging tool of production of abrasive product.This metalloid comprises hard carbide, nitride or boride coating with the example of release coating.The example of the used release coating of thermoplastic comprises silicones and fluorochemical.
Fig. 2 illustrates a kind of method, is used to prepare abrasive product of the present invention as shown in Figure 1.Substrate 41 leaves unreel station 42, and the tool of production 46 leaves unreel station 45 simultaneously.By applying station 44 slurry is coated on the tool of production 46.Before applying,, can heat slurry and/or slurry is applied ultrasonic wave in order to reduce the viscosity of slurry.Applying the station can be any conventional coated tool, and for example squash type point gum machine (drop die coater), knife type coater, curtain formula coating machine, vacuum are coated with mould machine or extrusion coater (die coater).Coating procedure should reduce the formation of bubble.Preferred paint-on technique is a United States Patent (USP) 3,594,865,4,959,265 and 5,077 for example, the directed cladding process (vacuum fluid bearing die) of the vacuum fluid disclosed in 870, and above-mentioned all patents are incorporated this paper at this into way of reference.After applying the tool of production, adopt any method that makes slurry soak the front surface of substrate, substrate is contacted with slurry.In Fig. 2, slurry contacts with substrate by contact mip rolls 47.Next, contact mip rolls 47 also makes the resulting structures thing near support drum 43.Energy source 48 (being preferably visible light source) sends sufficient energy in slurry, make binder precursor partly solidified at least.Term " partly solidified " is meant that the binder precursor polymerization reaches slurry can be from being inverted the state that test tube flows down.In case binder precursor breaks away from the tool of production, makes it to solidify fully with regard to available any energy source.Subsequently, around on axle 49, the tool of production just can reuse the tool of production so again.Alternatively, before precursor is a bit all uncured, make binder precursor break away from the tool of production.After the disengaging, can make precursor cures, and the tool of production can be again around on axle 49 to reuse.In addition, abrasive product 120 is around on axle 121.If binder precursor is solidified as yet fully, then binder precursor can be through solidifying after a while fully, and/or place under the energy source it is solidified fully.United States Patent (USP) 5,152, the sequence number that on January 14th, 917 and 1993 proposed is that 08/004,929 U.S. Patent application has further described the additional step for preparing abrasive product according to this paper first method, above-mentioned document is incorporated this paper at this into way of reference.Use the U.S. Patent application Ser.No.08/120 that submitted on September 13rd, 1993,300 described instruments and technology can be made into the abrasive composites of random shape.
The preferred radiant energy cured binders precursor that uses.As long as the not obvious absorbed radiation energy of the tool of production, radiant energy just can penetrate the tool of production.In addition, radiation source should not can make tool of production obvious degradation.The preferred thermoplasticity tool of production and ultraviolet light or the visible light of using.
Can be coated onto slurry on the substrate rather than be coated onto in the cavity of the tool of production.The substrate that scribbles slurry is contacted with the tool of production, thereby slurry is flow in the cavity of the tool of production.All the other steps of preparation abrasive product are with that step above is described in detail in detail is identical.
Fig. 3 illustrates another kind of method.Substrate 51 leaves unreel station 52, applies station 53 slurry 54 is coated onto in the cavity of the tool of production 55.Can be coated onto on the instrument with any slurry in the following multiple technologies, for example push that dotting glue method, rolling method, knife coating, curtain are coated with method, vacuum is coated with modulus method or extrusion coated method (die coating).Equally, before applying,, can heat slurry and/or slurry is applied ultrasonic wave in order to reduce the viscosity of slurry.Coating procedure should reduce the formation of bubble.Subsequently, substrate is contacted with the tool of production that contains the abrasive material slurry, make slurry soak the front surface of substrate with mip rolls 56.Next, be exposed to energy source 57, make it partly solidified at least by making the binder precursor in the slurry.After this was partly solidified at least, slurry changed into abrasive composites 59, and this compound is bonded to or adheres on the substrate.Mip rolls 58 makes the gained abrasive product break away from the tool of production and around to recoiling on the station 60.Alternatively, before precursor is a bit all uncured, make binder precursor break away from the tool of production.Break away from after the tool of production, can make precursor cures.In either case, energy source can be heat energy or radiant energy.If energy source is ultraviolet light or visible light, then substrate is preferably and can sees through ultraviolet light or visible light.The example of this class substrate is a polyester substrate.
Can directly be coated onto slurry the front surface of substrate.The substrate that scribbles slurry is contacted with the tool of production, thereby slurry is dipped in the cavity of the tool of production.All the other steps of preparation abrasive product are identical with the step that above describes in detail.
The repair method of surface of the work
Another aspect of the present invention relates to the Ginding process of metal surface.This method comprises that making abrasive product of the present invention and the workpiece that the metal surface is arranged produce friction contacts.Term " grinding " is meant the part of cutting or removing metal works with abrasive product.In addition, handle, can reduce the surface roughness relevant usually with surface of the work through such trimming.A kind of surface finish measurement commonly used is Ra; Ra is normally with the surface roughness on microinch or micron arithmetic mean that records.Surface roughness can for example Perthometer or Surtronic measure with talysurf.
Workpiece
Metal works can be the metal of any kind, for example mild steel, stainless steel, titanium, metal alloy and particulate metal alloy etc.Workpiece can be flat or have shape related with it or section.
According to purposes, the power of grinding at the interface can arrive above 1000 kilograms at about 0.1 kilogram.Usually grinding at the interface, this scope is 1 kilogram～500 kilograms a power.In addition, according to purposes, can there be liquid to exist in the process of lapping.This liquid can be water and/or organic compound.The example of using organic compound always comprises the organic compound of lubricant, oil, emulsification, cutting fluid, soap or the like.These liquid can also contain other additive, for example defoamer, degreasing agent, corrosion inhibiter or the like.In the use, abrasive product can grind vibration at the interface.In some cases, this vibration meeting forms meticulousr surface on polished workpiece.
Abrasive product of the present invention can use or be used in combination with machine by hand.In process of lapping, at least one or two move with respect to the other side in abrasive product and the workpiece.Abrasive product can be converted to band shape, winding shape, plate-like and sheet etc.When using, two free ends of abrasive sheet are connected together to form joint with band shape.The present invention also comprises and uses jointless band, as the assignee's that proposed on July 24th, 1992 U.S. Patent application 07/919,541 to be examined jointly, incorporates this paper at this into way of reference.Usually, the ring-type abrasive belts is through at least one idle pulley and pressing plate or contact wheel.Regulate the hardness of pressing plate or contact wheel, to obtain required cutting speed and workpiece surface roughness.The speed of abrasive belts depends on required cutting speed and surface roughness.The size range of band can be about 5mm～1, wide, the about 5mm of 000mm～10, and 000mm is long.The abrasive material winding is the abrasive product of continuous length.Its width range can be about 1mm～1, and 000mm is usually between 5mm～250mm.The abrasive material winding is uncoiled usually, and process is used for making winding to be close to the supporting pad of workpiece (support pad), and then twines.Can feed the abrasive material winding continuously by grinding the interface, and can be to the winding mark.The diameter range of mill can be about 50mm～1,000mm.Usually, with jockey mill is fixed on the support pad (back-up pad).These mills can be 100～20, and 000 rev/min, usually 1,000～15, the speed rotation between 000 rev/min.
Geometry
As what mention in the part that is entitled as " abrasive coating of being made up of abrasive composites " of this disclosure, abrasive composites can be shaped as the unit of the substrate protrusion that bonds from it.Be called " projection unit " at this compound abrasive material with single shaping.The geometry in particular of choosing for projection unit may influence the performance of the residing structured abrasive article of projection unit.Geometry scheme given below is chosen,, and revealed minimum cutting speed for each abrasion circular list in succession and degenerate with the initial cuts speed (quality with every circulation is weighed) that raising is provided.
Fig. 4 A-H, 5 and 6A and 6B shown in projection unit and other projection unit of here discussing can utilize above-mentioned manufacture method, constitute by above-mentioned material.Although Fig. 4 A-H, 5 and 6A and not shown abrasive grain and the binding agent in projection unit of 6B, should understand since projection unit abrasive grain and binding agent as composition material, so such abrasive grain and binding agent exist.
What Fig. 4 A described is the top view of projection unit 400.Projection unit has substrate 401, and this substrate is foursquare shape.Except substrate 401, projection unit 400 has four sides, and these sides extend to linear apices 406 from the different limit of each bar of substrate 401.Because the visual angle of Fig. 4 A, it is visible having only side 403 and 405.
Can see that from Fig. 4 A when linear apices 406 projected on the plane with substrate 401 coplanes, linear apices 406 was extended between the limit of the positioned opposite of substrate 401.When mention the top for example top 406 with the plane of the substrate coplane of projection unit on projection the time, can use term " projection on top " or " projection of linear apices " at this.The central point on the limit that is projected in the positioned opposite of extending therebetween of linear apices 406 identifies with little hash sign.The projection of linear apices 406 is not extended between the central point on the limit of positioned opposite.
The projection unit of Fig. 4 A can be arranged in two-dimensional array, as shown in Fig. 4 B.Fig. 4 B shows the array of roughly the same projection unit 400, and this projection unit arranges like this, promptly makes the substrate of each projection unit 400 and the substrate adjacency of adjacent projection unit 400.Projection unit 400 is depicted as and is bonded on the substrate 408, thereby generates abrasive product.Although the array of describing in Fig. 4 B is two to take advantage of two, this array can be any size in principle.In addition, as shown in Fig. 4 C, can construct array, so that make that the substrate of adjacent projection unit 400 is not adjacent to each other.
Fig. 4 D illustrates projection unit 410.Can see that therein projection unit has linear apices 412, this linear apices has deficiency so that its projection extends to the length on another limit from a limit of substrate 414.Like this, the linear apices of each side from substrate 414 towards the distally inwardly diminishes gradually.It should be noted that if with the projection extend outwards of linear apices 412 its outer extended line can not run into the central point on limit of arbitrary positioned opposite of substrate 414.Like this, projection that we can say linear apices 412 not the central point on the limit of the positioned opposite of substrate 414 " between " extend.
Fig. 4 E illustrates another projection unit 416.Show such characteristic at the projection unit shown in Fig. 4 A, 4B, 4C and the 4D, promptly by adopting similar scheme, its linear apices 412 is not separately extended between the central point on the limit of the positioned opposite of substrate separately at it, i.e. linear apices its all limit deflections of substrate separately relatively.As shown in Fig. 4 E, the projection of linear apices 418 can be parallel with some limit of substrate 420, but still do not extend between the central point on the limit of the positioned opposite of substrate 420.
Fig. 4 F illustrates another projection unit 422.Fig. 4 F shows, though the top of projection unit can be linearity, and the nonessential straight line that is.Projection unit 422 has curve (opposite with straight line) top 424.The projection on curve top 424 is not extended between the central point on the limit of the positioned opposite of substrate 426.
The substrate that provides in Fig. 4 A, 4B, 4C, 4D, 4E and 4F all is foursquare shape.Such restriction is also nonessential.In principle, substrate can be the shape of any closure.For instance, substrate can be any rule or irregular polygon, can be parallelogram, rectangle or tetragonal any form.Substrate can be circular or oval.The limit of substrate can be straight line or curve.For example, have four edges at the projection unit 428 shown in Fig. 4 G, wherein two 430 and 432 is curve.Can be by curved side being divided into two sections, find the central point of curved side of the positioned opposite of substrate, wherein first section the length length that equals second section.For example, limit 430 is divided into two sections: AB and BC section.Centre of location point point B promptly makes the length of AB section equal the length of BC section like this.The those skilled in the art is clear, can use other measure that centers, to discern non-directional central point.Equally, extend between the limit that is projected in positioned opposite 430 and 432 of linear apices 434 but between their central points separately, do not extend.
Fig. 4 H shows projection unit 436, and this projection unit has the substrate 438 that is pentagon shaped.The central point of limit AB identifies with little hash sign.It should be noted that at first glance as if projection unit 436 do not have the limit with limit AB positioned opposite.In order to determine the direction of linear apices 440,, composite log ACDEB can be thought in the limit relative with AB between the non-central point on the limit of the positioned opposite of substrate so that it is extended.Because the length of ACD section equals the length of DEB section, so the central point of limit ACDEB is some D.Like this, nature can see, linear apices 440 is not extended between the central point on the limit of the positioned opposite of substrate 438.
The rule of extracting from the discussion relevant with Fig. 4 H is, can use specified scheme to find the limit of giving the deckle positioned opposite with substrate.In brief, can will think jointly and the single limit (the limit ACDEB relative with limit AB can be thought and limit AB positioned opposite for instance) of being somebody's turn to do with the one group of relative limit of deckle of giving of substrate to the deckle positioned opposite.
What Fig. 5 described is the perspective view of abrasive product 500, and abrasive product 500 comprises the two-dimensional array of projection unit, and some projection unit identifies with reference number 502.Each projection unit 502 has the substrate of rectangle.According to one embodiment of present invention, the length of substrate and width can be between 1 to 150 mils.Each substrate has linear apices 504.According to one embodiment of present invention, can be with the linear apices orientation up to being higher than substrate 60 mils.Have identical size and geometry although each of the substrate among Fig. 5 is depicted as, these two conditions are all optional.Substrate can be size and/or the geometry that has nothing in common with each other.In addition, although in the linear apices 504 each is depicted as parallel to each other, this condition is also nonessential.Linear apices 504 can be uneven each other.At last, be constant distance although be depicted as each of linear apices apart from they substrates separately, this condition is also also nonessential.Distance between substrate and its linear apices 504 separately can be different because of different projection unit 502.
Fig. 6 A shows the array of projection unit 600～606.Each of projection unit 600～606 has the top 608～614 that roughly is point-like.Compare with being instantiated as linearity range, any linear apices of any previous examples can be instantiated as a little.Get back to the discussion to Fig. 6 A, in each projection unit 600～606, top 608～614 is in deep position.The projection on each top 608～614 defines and departs from vector v
1, v
2, v
3And v
4, depart from vector v
1, v
2, v
3And v
4The projection that extends to top 608～614 from the center and/or the barycenter of each substrate.It should be noted that and depart from vector v
1, v
2, v
3And v
4And be not equal to zero.For instance, suppose that each departs from vector v
1, v
2, v
3And v
4Be unit vector, vector and be 2y.For the big array of projection unit, when being aggregated in the number approach infinity of vector together, depart from vector and should not approach the limit zero:
lim
n→∞(∑v
n)≠0
Narrate in another way, when all in all, array should show the clean directionality with respect to the location on top 608～614.
The notion of the clean proportionality when Fig. 6 B shows the projection unit that notion when clean proportionality is applied to have linear apices 616～622.Can see that from Fig. 6 B the projection of linear apices 616～622 defines and departs from vector v
1, v
2, v
3And v
4, depart from vector v
1, v
2, v
3And v
4From the center that the center and/or the barycenter of each substrate extends to the projection on top 616～622.Equally, for the big array of projection unit, when being aggregated in the number approach infinity of vector together, depart from vector and should not approach the limit zero:
lim
n→∞(∑v
n)≠0
Narrate in another way, when all in all, array should show the clean directionality with respect to the location on top 608～614.
Under the situation that does not depart from protection scope of the present invention and main idea, for the those skilled in the art, various modifications and changes of the present invention are conspicuous.Should be clear, the present invention should be confined to illustrative embodiment set forth herein inadequately.
Claims (16)
1. the abrasive material array of a plurality of projection units, each unit has body, and described body is made of abrasive grain and binding agent at least, and each body has substrate and apart from the zone of described substrate farthest side, described abrasive material array comprises:
A plurality of projection units, described projection unit become bidimensional to distribute,
Wherein, each projection unit has substrate, and described substrate has periphery,
Wherein,, when its distal region separately projects to it separately on the plane of substrate coplane, drop in the periphery of described substrate, and between the central point of the projection of distal region and described substrate, limit and depart from vector for each unit; And
Wherein, described a plurality of projection units depart from vector and can not approach the limit zero.
2. abrasive material array according to claim 1, wherein, each distal region is linear.
3. abrasive material array according to claim 2, wherein, each distal region is a straight line.
4. abrasive material array according to claim 2, wherein, each distal region is a curve.
5. abrasive material array according to claim 1, wherein, each substrate is a parallelogram.
6. abrasive material array according to claim 5, wherein, any limit in the described parallelogram is not parallel with the edge of goods, is furnished with the abrasive material array on the described goods.
7. abrasive material array according to claim 1 wherein, for each unit, when its distal region separately projects to it separately on the plane of substrate coplane, drops in the periphery of described substrate.
8. abrasive material array according to claim 1, wherein, adjacent substrate is adjacency not.
9. abrasive product comprises:
Substrate, it has front and rear surfaces; And
Abrasive coating, it is bonded to the front surface of described substrate,
Wherein, described abrasive coating comprises a plurality of projection units, and described projection unit becomes bidimensional to distribute,
Wherein, each projection unit has substrate, and described substrate has periphery,
Wherein,, when its distal region separately projects to it separately on the plane of substrate coplane, drop in the periphery of described substrate, and between the central point of the projection of distal region and described substrate, limit and depart from vector for each unit; And
Wherein, described a plurality of projection units depart from vector and can not approach the limit zero.
10. abrasive product according to claim 9, wherein, each distal region is linear.
11. abrasive product according to claim 10, wherein, each distal region is a straight line.
12. abrasive product according to claim 10, wherein, each distal region is a curve.
13. abrasive product according to claim 9, wherein, each substrate is a parallelogram.
14. abrasive product according to claim 13, wherein, any limit in the described parallelogram is not parallel with the edge of goods, is furnished with the abrasive material array on the described goods.
15. abrasive product according to claim 9 wherein, for each unit, when its distal region separately projects to it separately on the plane of substrate coplane, drops in the periphery of described substrate.
16. abrasive product according to claim 9, wherein, adjacent substrate is adjacency not.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US10/668,410 | 2003-09-23 | ||
| US10/668,410 US20050060944A1 (en) | 2003-09-23 | 2003-09-23 | Method of making a coated abrasive |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN1882416A true CN1882416A (en) | 2006-12-20 |
Family
ID=34313474
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CNA2004800343631A Pending CN1882416A (en) | 2003-09-23 | 2004-07-27 | Method of making a coated abrasive |
Country Status (7)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US20050060944A1 (en) |
| EP (1) | EP1680259A2 (en) |
| JP (1) | JP2007505754A (en) |
| KR (1) | KR20060093116A (en) |
| CN (1) | CN1882416A (en) |
| BR (1) | BRPI0414646A (en) |
| WO (1) | WO2005035193A2 (en) |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GB0612788D0 (en) * | 2006-06-28 | 2006-08-09 | Insectshield Ltd | Pest control materials |
| US8038750B2 (en) | 2007-07-13 | 2011-10-18 | 3M Innovative Properties Company | Structured abrasive with overlayer, and method of making and using the same |
| US8080073B2 (en) * | 2007-12-20 | 2011-12-20 | 3M Innovative Properties Company | Abrasive article having a plurality of precisely-shaped abrasive composites |
| US8348723B2 (en) * | 2009-09-16 | 2013-01-08 | 3M Innovative Properties Company | Structured abrasive article and method of using the same |
Family Cites Families (17)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| FR881239A (en) * | 1941-12-17 | 1943-04-19 | New process for manufacturing and using abrasive compositions | |
| DE2238387A1 (en) * | 1972-08-04 | 1974-03-28 | Winter & Sohn Ernst | MULTI-BLADE CUTTING TOOL |
| US5213590A (en) * | 1989-12-20 | 1993-05-25 | Neff Charles E | Article and a method for producing an article having a high friction surface |
| US5181939A (en) * | 1989-12-20 | 1993-01-26 | Charles Neff | Article and a method for producing an article having a high friction surface |
| EP0940224B1 (en) * | 1993-06-02 | 2002-09-04 | Dai Nippon Printing Co., Ltd. | Abrasive tape |
| ES2109709T3 (en) * | 1993-06-17 | 1998-01-16 | Minnesota Mining & Mfg | ABRASIVE ARTICLES WITH DESIGN AND METHODS OF MANUFACTURE AND USE THEREOF. |
| US5484330A (en) * | 1993-07-21 | 1996-01-16 | General Electric Company | Abrasive tool insert |
| US5489235A (en) * | 1993-09-13 | 1996-02-06 | Minnesota Mining And Manufacturing Company | Abrasive article and method of making same |
| BR9708062A (en) * | 1996-03-15 | 1999-07-27 | Norton Co | Abrasive cutting tool of a single metal layer that has a profiled cutting surface |
| US5863306A (en) * | 1997-01-07 | 1999-01-26 | Norton Company | Production of patterned abrasive surfaces |
| US5833724A (en) * | 1997-01-07 | 1998-11-10 | Norton Company | Structured abrasives with adhered functional powders |
| US6194317B1 (en) * | 1998-04-30 | 2001-02-27 | 3M Innovative Properties Company | Method of planarizing the upper surface of a semiconductor wafer |
| US6224465B1 (en) * | 1997-06-26 | 2001-05-01 | Stuart L. Meyer | Methods and apparatus for chemical mechanical planarization using a microreplicated surface |
| US6217426B1 (en) * | 1999-04-06 | 2001-04-17 | Applied Materials, Inc. | CMP polishing pad |
| US6319108B1 (en) * | 1999-07-09 | 2001-11-20 | 3M Innovative Properties Company | Metal bond abrasive article comprising porous ceramic abrasive composites and method of using same to abrade a workpiece |
| US6602123B1 (en) * | 2002-09-13 | 2003-08-05 | Infineon Technologies Ag | Finishing pad design for multidirectional use |
| US6821196B2 (en) * | 2003-01-21 | 2004-11-23 | L.R. Oliver & Co., Inc. | Pyramidal molded tooth structure |
-
2003
- 2003-09-23 US US10/668,410 patent/US20050060944A1/en not_active Abandoned
-
2004
- 2004-07-27 KR KR1020067007715A patent/KR20060093116A/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2004-07-27 CN CNA2004800343631A patent/CN1882416A/en active Pending
- 2004-07-27 JP JP2006527969A patent/JP2007505754A/en not_active Withdrawn
- 2004-07-27 BR BRPI0414646-8A patent/BRPI0414646A/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2004-07-27 WO PCT/US2004/024090 patent/WO2005035193A2/en active Search and Examination
- 2004-07-27 EP EP04757311A patent/EP1680259A2/en not_active Withdrawn
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| JP2007505754A (en) | 2007-03-15 |
| WO2005035193A3 (en) | 2005-06-09 |
| BRPI0414646A (en) | 2006-11-14 |
| KR20060093116A (en) | 2006-08-23 |
| US20050060944A1 (en) | 2005-03-24 |
| WO2005035193A2 (en) | 2005-04-21 |
| EP1680259A2 (en) | 2006-07-19 |
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