CN1881413B

CN1881413B - Musical sound waveform synthesizer

Info

Publication number: CN1881413B
Application number: CN2006100925760A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 梅山康之; 赤泽英治
Original assignee: Yamaha Corp
Current assignee: Yamaha Corp
Priority date: 2005-06-17
Filing date: 2006-06-16
Publication date: 2010-12-15
Anticipated expiration: 2026-06-16
Also published as: JP2006350101A; CN1881413A; JP4552769B2

Abstract

In a musical sound waveform synthesizer apparatus, a performance event information receiver receives performance event information representing musical performance events which successively occur as a musical performance progresses. A musical sound synthesizer synthesizes a waveform of a musical sound corresponding to each musical performance event based on the performance event information. An overlap detector detects whether or not a first musical sound and a second musical sound overlap with each other based on the performance information. A sound length meter obtains a sound length of the first musical sound based on the received performance event information. When the first musical sound and the second musical sound overlap with each other, the musical sound synthesizer instantly terminates synthesizing of a waveform of the first musical sound and starts synthesizing of a waveform of the second musical sound if the sound length of the first musical sound does not exceed a predetermined sound length.

Description

Musical sound waveform synthesizer

Technical field

The present invention relates to a kind of musical sound waveform synthesizer, even can comprise under the situation of minor not synthesis tone waveform lingeringly at musical sound.

Background technology

According to the characteristic of waveform, tone waveform can be divided at least initial waveform, keep waveform and finish waveform.The tone waveform that causes by the performance of carrying out such as the legato that two musical sounds are bonded together smoothly (legato) comprises: the connection waveform that carries out transition between the pitch of two musical sounds.

In known musical sound waveform synthesizer, in storage unit, stored polytype tone data part of tone waveform, comprise initial waveform portion (head), maintenance waveform portion (main body), the end waveform portion (afterbody) of tone waveform and connect waveform portion (joint), each connects waveform portion and represents transition portion between the pitch of two musical sounds, and from storage unit, read suitable Wave data part according to playing event information, then the Wave data that reads partly is bonded together, thus the synthesis tone waveform.In this musical sound waveform synthesizer, discern pronunciation (articulation) according to playing event information, and by combination and the corresponding waveform portion of pronunciation (comprise initial waveform portion (head), keep waveform portion (main body), end waveform portion (afterbody) and represent between the pitch of two musical sounds the pitch transition be connected waveform portion (joint)), synthesize the tone waveform of the characteristic of the pronunciation discerned of expression along the reproduction time axle, thereby waveform portion is arranged along this time shaft.Such method is disclosed in open No.2001-92463 of Japanese laid-open patent application and the open No.2003-271139 of Japanese laid-open patent application.

The synthetic ultimate principle of musical sound of traditional musical sound waveform synthesizer is described referring now to Figure 11 to 13.Figure 11,12 and 13 part (a) (after this being called as Figure 11 a, 12a and 13a respectively) show the music score that writes with piano roller shutter musical notation (piano roll notation), and Figure 11,12 and 13 part (b) (after this being called as Figure 11 b, 12b and 13b equally respectively) show tone waveform synthetic when playing music score.

When the music score shown in performance Figure 11 a, locate to occur the note of musical sound 200 in the time " t1 " and opened (note-on) incident, this incident is received by musical sound waveform synthesizer then.Therefore, this compositor is from the tone waveform of initial waveform portion (head) the beginning synthesis tone 200 of the time shown in Figure 11 b " t1 ".When finishing head synthetic because the tone that does not also receive shown in Figure 11 b closes (note-off) incident, musical sound waveform synthesizer tone waveform is carried out the transition to from the head keep waveform portion (main body) in still synthetic this tone waveform.When locating to receive note pass incident in the time " t2 ", this compositor is the synthesis tone waveform tone waveform being carried out the transition to end waveform portion (afterbody) from main body when.After finishing afterbody synthetic, this musical sound waveform synthesizer has been finished tone waveform synthetic of musical sound 200.According to this mode, this compositor is opened the time of incident " t1 " beginning and is sequentially arranged head, main body and afterbody, the tone waveform of synthesis tone 200 along time shaft shown in Figure 11 b by received note from it.

Shown in Figure 11 b, this head is the partial waveform that comprises the cycling wave form (loop waveform) 101 that the single pulse waveforms 100 of (attack) links to each other with tail end with single pulse waveforms 100 of starting the music expression, and corresponding to the rising edge of tone waveform.This main body be comprise cycling wave form 102,103 that a plurality of orders with different tone colors link to each other ..., and 107 partial waveform, and corresponding to the retaining part of the tone waveform of musical sound.This afterbody is the partial waveform of the cycling wave form 108 that comprises that single pulse waveforms 109 that expression discharges links to each other with head end with single pulse waveforms 109, and corresponding to the negative edge of tone waveform.Adjacent cycling wave form links to each other by cross compound turbine (cross-fading), thereby carries out synthesis tone waveform in the transition between part or cycling wave form.

For example, cycling wave form 101 and cycling wave form 102 are adjusted to homophase, couple together by cross compound turbine then, thereby when tone waveform is carried out the transition to main body from the head, two waveform portion (that is, head and main body) are bonded together smoothly.In addition, cycling wave form 102 and cycling wave form 103 are adjusted to homophase, then, when tone color is changed into the tone color of the cycling wave form 103 the main body from the tone color of cycling wave form 102, both are linked together by cross compound turbine.According to this mode, the adjacent circulation waveform in a plurality of cycling wave forms 102 to 107 in the main body links together by cross compound turbine, thus will with offer musical sound along with the corresponding trill of the change in pitch of time (vibrato) or tone color change.In addition, cycling wave form 107 and cycling wave form 108 are adjusted to homophase, link together by cross compound turbine then, thus with tone waveform when main body carries out the transition to afterbody, two waveform portion (being main body and afterbody) are bonded together smoothly.Because connecting a plurality of cycling wave forms 102 to 107 by cross compound turbine synthesizes main body, can carry out the transition to afterbody etc. from the optional position of main body.Because the main waveform of each head and afterbody is a single pulse waveforms, can not carry out the transition to next waveform portion from each head and afterbody, particularly between the real-time synthesis phase to head and afterbody.

Figure 12 a and 12b show when playing legato by single-tone musical instruments such as wind instruments, how to come the synthesis tone waveform by connecting two musical sounds.

When the music score shown in performance Figure 12 a, locate to occur the note of musical sound 210 in the time " t1 " and opened incident, this incident is received by musical sound waveform synthesizer then.Therefore, this compositor begins the tone waveform of synthesis tone 210 from the head that comprises single pulse waveforms 110 of the time shown in Figure 12 b " t1 ".When finishing head synthetic, musical sound waveform synthesizer is still synthetic this tone waveform when tone waveform being carried out the transition to from the head main body (main body 1), because its note that does not also receive shown in Figure 12 b closes incident.When the note of locating to receive musical sound 211 in the time " t2 " is opened incident, because its note that does not still receive musical sound 210 closes incident, this compositor determines whether to have carried out legato and plays, and tone waveform being carried out the transition to the single pulse waveforms 116 that comprises expression pitch transition portion of 211 from main body (main body 1) when from musical sound 210 to musical sound, the synthesis tone waveform." t3 " locates in the time, and the note that this compositor receives musical sound 210 closes incident.When finishing joint synthetic close incident owing to also receive the note of musical sound 211, this compositor tone waveform is carried out the transition to main body (main body 2) from this joint when, synthesis tone waveform still.Afterwards, " t4 " locates in the time, and the note that this compositor receives musical sound 211 closes incident, and with its synthesis tone waveform when main body (main body 2) carries out the transition to afterbody.Then, this compositor has been finished the synthetic of the afterbody that comprises single pulse waveforms 122, thereby has finished the synthetic of tone waveform.According to this mode, this musical sound waveform synthesizer is opened the time of incident " t1 " beginning and is sequentially arranged head (Head), main body (main body 1), joint (Joint), main body (main body 2) and afterbody (Tail) along time shaft shown in Figure 12 b by received note from it, comes the tone waveform of synthesis tone 200 and 211.Be connected these waveforms according to the mode identical with the example of Figure 11 a and 11b.

Figure 13 a and 13b show when how lacking when playing the synthesis tone waveform.

When the music score shown in performance Figure 13 a, locate to occur the note of musical sound 220 in the time " t1 " and opened incident, this incident is received by compositor then.Therefore, this compositor begins the tone waveform of synthesis tone 220 from the head of the single pulse waveforms that comprises musical sound 220 125 of the time shown in Figure 13 b " t1 ".Locate finishing the time " t2 " of head before synthetic, the note that musical sound 220 occurred closes incident, is received by musical sound waveform synthesizer then.After finishing head synthetic, this compositor when tone waveform is carried out the transition to the afterbody that comprises single pulse waveforms 128 from the head, synthetic this tone waveform, after finishing afterbody synthetic, this compositor has been finished tone waveform synthetic of musical sound 220.According to this mode, when playing short playing, this compositor is opened the time of incident " t1 " beginning sequentially arrange head (Head) and afterbody (Tail) along time shaft shown in Figure 13 b by received note from it, comes the tone waveform of synthesis tone 220.

Afterbody is synthesized usually from the time beginning when receiving note pass incident.Yet in Figure 13 b, the time place of afterbody when being later than the note that receives musical sound 220 and closing incident is synthesized, and the length of this synthesis tone waveform is greater than the length of musical sound 220.This is because this head is the partial waveform of the cycling wave form 126 that comprises that single pulse waveforms 125 links to each other with afterbody with this single pulse waveforms 125, and as above can not be between the synthesis phase of described single pulse waveforms 125 with reference to Figure 11 to the afterbody transition, but also since this tone waveform before the monopulse 128 of afterbody is finished, can not finish.Therefore, even when request is synthesized the sound of the total length that is shorter than head and afterbody, can not synthesize the tone waveform that is shorter than its total length.Also there is specific restriction in short degree (shortness) to the actual sound of acoustics musical instrument.For example, the musical sound of wind instrument can not be shorter than length-specific, even because when playing wind instruments one during the short time, this wind instrument also can be rung the voice response duration of its blowpipe at least.Therefore, for the sound musical instrument, can also suppose that it can not synthesize the tone waveform of the summation that is shorter than head and afterbody.In addition, under the situation of Figure 12 a that plays legato and 12b, can not carry out the transition to next waveform between synthesis phase at the waveform of joint, because this joint comprises single pulse waveforms.Therefore, when playing legato, can not synthesize the tone waveform of the total length that is shorter than head, joint and afterbody.

When using the sound musical instrument that a short time is played in the legato with two musical sounds by quick playing, must be since second note ETAD expected time of arrival and departure place pitch transition of two musical sounds.Yet the problem of traditional musical sound waveform synthesizer is: the response meeting of the note of second musical tone being held incident postpones with respect to the sound musical instrument.As mentioned above, the sound musical instrument has the voice response duration, when utilizing the sound musical instrument to play legato, has caused (or unclear) the at a slow speed transition between the pitch, but not quick change in pitch.Yet, this voice response duration can't to the pitch transition begin postpone.On the contrary, traditional musical sound waveform synthesizer can be postponed the response that incident takes place, thereby makes its synthetic longer tone waveform from the minor of playing performances such as (mis-touching) by quick playing, mistake.This has caused the delay of musical sound, and produces self-holding sound (self-sustaining sound) owing to play by mistake.Term " mistake is played " is meant that the player's generation with inferior grade technical ability can cause the action of the performance incident of the unnecessary sound with short duration.For example, in keyboard instrument, when simultaneously and inadvertently required key being adjacent key and pressing, mistake can occur and play.In the wind instrument controller as the MIDI controller of emulation wind instrument, when pressing at different time places must press down the key of determining pitch simultaneously the time, perhaps when key and respiratory movement do not match, wrong sound can appear lacking.

In this case, mistake is played sound and subsequent sound links together, play sound thereby in than the longer time of actual misoperation, produce mistake, and can be postponed as normal generation of playing the subsequent sound of sound by joint.According to this mode, the performance pattern of performing music (musicperformance pattern) has caused generating the delay of musical performance, has caused significant problem when listening to musical sound, and makes that the existence of by mistake playing sound is very obvious.

As mentioned above, the problem of traditional musical sound waveform synthesizer is: when playing when playing minor by quick playing or mistake, the generation of subsequent sound can be postponed.

As mentioned above, minor can be played by mistake and generate.Even play when taking place, also minor is synthesized to permanently happy sound wave shape, thereby has caused that mistake plays the problem that sound is controlled oneself by mistake when the performance incident of minor.Term " mistake is played " is meant that the generations such as player with inferior grade technical ability can cause the action of the performance incident of the unnecessary sound with short duration.For example, in keyboard instrument, when simultaneously and inadvertently required key being adjacent key and pressing, mistake can occur and play.In the wind instrument controller as the MIDI controller of emulation wind instrument, when pressing at different time places must press down the key of determining pitch simultaneously the time, perhaps when key and respiratory movement do not match, wrong sound can appear lacking.

When a short time was played in the legato that utilizes the sound musical instrument will have two musical sounds by quick playing, the pitch transition usually must be since second note ETAD expected time of arrival and departure place of two musical sounds.Yet the response meeting that traditional musical sound waveform synthesizer is held incident to the note of second musical tone postpones with respect to the sound musical instrument.As mentioned above, the sound musical instrument has a voice response duration, can cause (or unclear) the at a slow speed transition between the pitch when utilizing the sound musical instrument to play legato, but not quick change in pitch.Yet what this voice response duration can be to the pitch transition begins to cause delay.On the contrary, this tradition musical sound waveform synthesizer can be postponed the response that incident takes place, so that its synthetic longer tone waveform from minor.Even when playing the performance incident that has taken place with the overlapping minor of previous sound by mistake, also minor is synthesized permanently happy sound wave shape, thereby caused that mistake plays the problem that sound is controlled oneself.

Summary of the invention

Therefore, the objective of the invention is to propose a kind of musical sound waveform synthesizer, wherein when playing when playing minor by quick playing or mistake, the generation of subsequent sound can not postpone.

Another object of the present invention is to propose a kind of musical sound waveform synthesizer, and when playing by mistake when playing minor, mistake is played sound and controlled oneself.

Be by the most important characteristic of musical sound waveform synthesizer provided by the invention to achieve these goals: when detecting the musical sound that will generate with previous sound when overlapping, do not surpass the predetermined duration of a sound if determine the length of previous sound, stop tone waveform synthetic of previous sound, and initiate tone waveform synthetic of the musical sound that will generate.

To achieve these goals and be: when detecting not when opening incident with the overlapping note of previous sound by another most important characteristic of musical sound waveform synthesizer provided by the invention, surpass the length of predetermined stop length and definite previous sound above the predetermined duration of a sound if determine the length of stopping that previous sound and note are opened between the incident, stop tone waveform synthetic of previous sound, and initiation is opened synthesizing of the corresponding tone waveform of incident with note.

According to the present invention, overlapping when detecting the musical sound that will generate, and the length of also determining previous sound is when surpassing the predetermined duration of a sound with previous sound, stop tone waveform synthetic of previous sound, and initiate tone waveform synthetic of the musical sound that will generate.Therefore, when playing minor, the generation of subsequent sound can not be delayed.

In addition, according to the present invention, when detecting not when opening incident with the overlapping note of previous sound, surpass the length of predetermined stop length and definite previous sound above the predetermined duration of a sound if determine the length of stopping that previous sound and note are opened between the incident, stop tone waveform synthetic of previous sound, and initiation is opened synthesizing of the corresponding tone waveform of incident with note.This has reduced the length of tone waveform synthetic when performance is played the minor that causes by mistake, thereby it is self-holding to have prevented that mistake from playing the sound quilt.

Description of drawings

Fig. 1 is the block scheme according to the exemplary hardware configuration of the musical sound waveform synthesizer of the embodiment of the invention;

Fig. 2 a shows according to the Wave data that uses in the musical sound waveform synthesizer of the present invention typical case partly to 2d;

Fig. 3 shows the block scheme of carrying out the tone waveform complex functionality in musical sound waveform synthesizer according to the present invention;

Fig. 4 is the process flow diagram of the pronunciation deterministic process carried out in musical sound waveform synthesizer according to the present invention;

Fig. 5 is the example flow diagram of the middle non junction phonation of carrying out of performance synthesis processor (acoustical generator) in musical sound waveform synthesizer according to the present invention;

Fig. 6 a shows with the corresponding music score of playing with 6b and compares, the tone waveform example of synthesizing in musical sound waveform synthesizer according to the present invention;

Fig. 7 a shows with the corresponding music score of playing with 7b and compares, another example of synthetic tone waveform in musical sound waveform synthesizer according to the present invention;

Fig. 8 is another example flow diagram of the middle non junction phonation of carrying out of performance synthesis processor (acoustical generator) in musical sound waveform synthesizer according to the present invention;

Fig. 9 a shows with the corresponding music score of playing with 9b and compares, another example of synthetic tone waveform in musical sound waveform synthesizer according to the present invention;

Figure 10 a shows with the corresponding music score of playing with 10b and compares, another example of synthetic tone waveform in musical sound waveform synthesizer according to the present invention;

Figure 11 a shows with the corresponding music score of playing with 11b and compares, the tone waveform example of synthesizing in musical sound waveform synthesizer;

Figure 12 a shows with the corresponding music score of playing with 12b and compares, another example of synthetic tone waveform in musical sound waveform synthesizer;

Figure 13 a shows with the corresponding music score of playing with 13b and compares, another example of synthetic tone waveform in musical sound waveform synthesizer;

The music score that Figure 14 a and 14b show when playing music score, will play and will be by the synthetic tone waveform of musical sound waveform synthesizer;

Another music score that Figure 15 a and 15b show when playing music score, will play and will be by the synthetic tone waveform of musical sound waveform synthesizer;

Figure 16 is the process flow diagram of the pronunciation deterministic process carried out in musical sound waveform synthesizer according to the present invention;

Figure 17 is the example flow diagram based on the phonation of head that having of carrying out in the performance synthesis processor (acoustical generator) in musical sound waveform synthesizer according to the present invention faded out;

Figure 18 a shows with the corresponding music score of playing with 18b and compares, the example of synthetic tone waveform in musical sound waveform synthesizer according to the present invention; And

Figure 19 a shows with the corresponding music score of playing with 19b and compares, another example of synthetic tone waveform in musical sound waveform synthesizer according to the present invention.

Embodiment

Figure 14 a and 15a show the music score that is typically write with piano roller shutter musical notation by the example modes (pattern) of missing the minor of playing and generating.

In the pattern shown in Figure 14 a, formerly occurred mistake between sound 250 and the subsequent sound 252 and played sound 251, and this mistake plays sound 251 and before sound and

subsequent sound

250 and 252 both are overlapping.Particularly, the note of previous sound 250 is opened incident and is appeared at the time " t1 " locates, and " t3 " locates and note pass incident appears at the time.The note that mistake is played sound 251 is opened incident and is appeared at the time " t2 " locates, and " t5 " locates and its note pass incident appears at the time.The note of subsequent sound 252 is opened incident and is appeared at the time " t4 " locates, and " t6 " locates and its note pass incident appears at the time.Therefore, it is overlapping with previous sound 250 since the time " t2 " that mistake is played sound 251, and overlapping since time " t4 " and subsequent sound 252.

In the pattern shown in Figure 15 a, formerly occurred mistake between sound 260 and the subsequent sound 262 and played sound 261, and this mistake to play sound 261 not overlapping and overlapping with subsequent sound 262 with previous sound 260.Particularly, the note of previous sound 260 is opened incident and is appeared at the time " t1 " locates, and " t2 " locates and note pass incident appears at the time.The note that mistake is played sound 261 is opened incident and is appeared at the time " t3 " locates, and " t5 " locates and its note pass incident appears at the time.The note of subsequent sound 262 is opened incident and is appeared at the time " t4 " locates, and " t6 " locates and its note pass incident appears at the time.Therefore, play the note of sound 261 and open the time " t3 " of incident and stop time period of previous sound 260 before in that mistake takes place, and mistake to play sound 261 overlapping since time " t4 " and subsequent sound 262.

How Figure 14 b shows when the music score of playing shown in Figure 14 a synthesis tone.

When the musical sound shown in performance Figure 14 a, locate to occur the note of previous sound 250 in the time " t1 " and opened incident, receive this incident by compositor then.Therefore, this musical sound waveform synthesizer begins the tone waveform of previous sound 250 is synthesized from its head (head 1) of the time " t1 " shown in Figure 14 b.After finishing head (head) synthetic because the note that does not also receive shown in Figure 14 b closes incident, this compositor with this tone waveform from the head (head 1) still tone waveform is synthesized when carrying out the transition to main body (main body 1).When it was located to receive mistake and plays the note of sound 251 and open incident in the time " t2 ", do not close incident owing to still also receive the note of previous sound 250, it is overlapping with previous sound 250 that musical sound waveform synthesizer determines that this mistake is played sound 251, and this tone waveform being carried out the transition to the joint (joint 1) of expression from main body (main body 1) when, tone waveform is synthesized from previous sound 250 to the pitch transition portion of playing sound 251 by mistake." t3 " locates in the time, and the note that this compositor receives previous sound 250 closes incident.Then, receive before mistake plays the note pass incident of sound 251 before finishing joint (joint 1) synthetic and at it, the note that this compositor locates to receive subsequent sound 252 in the time " t4 " is opened incident.When having finished joint (joint 1) synthetic, when this compositor carries out the transition to tone waveform expression and plays sound 251 to the joint (joint 2) of the pitch transition portion of subsequent sound 252 from mistake from joint (joint 1) tone waveform is synthesized.

After finishing joint (joint 2) synthetic, do not close incident owing to also receive the note of the subsequent sound 252 shown in Figure 14 b, this musical sound waveform synthesizer with tone waveform when joint (head 2) carries out the transition to main body (main body 2), still tone waveform is synthesized.Then, " t6 " locates in the time, and the note that this compositor receives subsequent sound 252 closes incident, and tone waveform is being synthesized tone waveform when main body (main body 2) carries out the transition to afterbody (afterbody 2).Then, this compositor has been finished the synthetic of afterbody (afterbody 2), thereby has finished tone waveform synthetic that previous sound 250, mistake are played sound 251 and subsequent sound 252.

In aforesaid way, open the time " t1 " of incident from the note that previous sound 250 takes place, sequentially the head (head 1) and the main body (main body 1) of previous sound 250 are synthesized, and play the note of sound 251 and open the time " t2 " of incident and locate in that mistake takes place, carry out transition from main body (main body 1) to joint (joint 1).The pitch transition portion of sound 251 is played in this joint (joint 1) expression to mistake from previous sound 250.Subsequently, carry out transition from joint (joint 1) to joint (joint 2).This joint (joint 2) expression is played the pitch transition portion of sound 251 to subsequent sound 252 from mistake.Then, sequentially this joint (joint 2) and main body (main body 2) are synthesized.Locate in the time " t6 " that note pass incident takes place, carry out transition from main body (main body 2) to afterbody (afterbody 2), synthetic then afterbody (afterbody 2), thus the tone waveform to subsequent sound 252 synthesizes shown in Figure 14 b.

As mentioned above, when the music score shown in performance Figure 14 a, it is linked to each other with (joint 2) by the joint shown in Figure 14 b (joint 1), synthesize previous sound 250, play the tone waveform of sound 251 and subsequent sound 252 by mistake, thereby make mistake play the longer time of real time length that sound 251 is rung and played than mistake.This has postponed the generation as the subsequent sound 252 of normal performance sound.According to this mode, the delay that the pattern shown in Figure 14 a of playing has caused musical sound to generate, this has caused significant problem when listening to musical sound performance sound, and makes the existence of by mistake playing sound 251 very obvious.

How Figure 15 b shows when the music score of playing shown in Figure 15 a synthesis tone.

When the musical sound shown in performance Figure 15 a, locate to occur the note of previous sound 260 in the time " t1 " and opened incident, receive this incident by compositor then.Therefore, this musical sound waveform synthesizer begins the tone waveform of previous sound 260 is synthesized from its head (head 1) of the time " t1 " shown in Figure 15 b.After finishing head (head 1) synthetic because the note that does not also receive shown in Figure 15 b closes incident, this compositor with this tone waveform from the head (head 1) still tone waveform is synthesized when carrying out the transition to main body (main body 1).When its note of locating to receive previous sound 260 in the time " t2 " closes incident, this compositor with this tone waveform when main body (main body 1) carries out the transition to afterbody (afterbody 1), tone waveform is synthesized.After finishing afterbody (afterbody 1) synthetic, this compositor has been finished synthetic to the tone waveform of previous sound 260.

Afterwards, " t3 " locates in the time, and this compositor receives mistake and plays the note of sound 261 and open incident, and this compositor begins mistake is played tone waveform synthetic of sound 261 from the head shown in Figure 15 b (head 2).When the note that the synthetic time " t4 " is before located, this compositor receives subsequent sound 262 of finishing head (head 2) is opened incident, owing to still also do not receive the note pass incident that mistake is played sound 261, it is overlapping that it determines that subsequent sound 262 and mistake are played sound 261, and with tone waveform from the head (head 2) carry out the transition to expression from the mistake play sound 261 in the joint (joint 2) of the pitch transition portion of subsequent sound 262, tone waveform is synthesized.After finishing joint (joint 2) synthetic, do not close incident owing to also receive the note of the subsequent sound 262 shown in Figure 15 b, this musical sound waveform synthesizer with tone waveform when joint (joint 2) carries out the transition to main body (main body 2), still tone waveform is synthesized.Then, " t6 " locates in the time, and the note that this compositor receives subsequent sound 262 closes incident, and tone waveform is being synthesized tone waveform when main body (main body 2) carries out the transition to afterbody (afterbody 2).Then, this compositor has been finished the synthetic of afterbody (afterbody 2), thereby has finished tone waveform synthetic that previous sound 260, mistake are played sound 261 and subsequent sound 262.

In aforesaid way, open the time " t1 " of incident from the note that previous sound 260 takes place, sequentially the head (head 1) and the main body (main body 1) of previous sound 260 are synthesized, and the time " t2 " of closing incident at the note that previous sound 260 takes place is located, carry out transition from main body (main body 1) to afterbody (afterbody 1), synthetic then afterbody (afterbody 1), thus the tone waveform to previous sound 260 synthesizes shown in Figure 15 b.Play the note of sound 261 and open the head (head 2) that the time " t3 " of incident begins mistake is played sound 261 and synthesize from mistake has taken place, proceed to the transition of joint (joint 2) then, thereby the tone waveform of shown in Figure 15 b mistake being played sound 261 synthesizes.This joint (joint 2) expression is played the pitch transition portion of sound 261 to subsequent sound 262 from mistake.This is synthetic in that tone waveform is carried out when joint (joint 2) carries out the transition to main body (main body 2).The time " t6 " of closing incident at the note that subsequent sound 262 takes place is located, and carries out the transition from main body (main body 2) to afterbody (afterbody 2), synthetic then afterbody (afterbody 2), thus the tone waveform to subsequent sound 262 synthesizes shown in Figure 15 b.

When the music score played shown in Figure 15 a, if the different passage (channel) shown in Figure 15 b to the tone waveform of head (head 1), main body (main body 1) and the afterbody (afterbody 1) relevant with previous sound 260 and with miss the tone waveform of playing head (head 2), joint (joint 2), main body (main body 2) and afterbody (afterbody 2) that sound 261 is correlated with and synthesize.In this case, connect mistake by joint (joint 2) and play sound 261 and subsequent sound 262, thereby make mistake play the longer time of actual duration that sound 261 is rung and played than mistake, and the normal generation of playing the subsequent sound 252 of sound of conduct is postponed.According to this mode, the delay that the pattern shown in Figure 15 a of playing has caused musical sound to generate, this has caused significant problem when listening to musical sound performance sound, and makes the existence of by mistake playing sound 261 very obvious.

According to the present invention, by providing a kind of musical sound waveform synthesizer to solve above-mentioned defective, when this musical sound waveform synthesizer detects second or the follow-up musical sound that will generate subsequently and first or previous sound when overlapping, immediately stop tone waveform synthetic of previous sound, if and the length of determining previous sound surpasses the predetermined duration of a sound, then initiate synthetic to the tone waveform of the follow-up musical sound that will generate.

Fig. 1 is the block scheme according to the exemplary hardware configuration of the embodiment of the invention.Hardware configuration as shown in Figure 1 is almost identical with the configuration of personal computer, and realizes this musical sound waveform synthesizer by operation tone waveform program.

In musical sound waveform synthesizer 1 as shown in Figure 1, the whole operation of CPU (central processing unit) (CPU) 10 control musical sound waveform synthesizers 1, and operation is such as function softwares such as musical sound synthesis programs.By CPU 10 operation such as function software such as musical sound synthesis program or be used for the Wave data of synthesis tone and partly be stored in the ROM (read-only memory) (ROM) 11, this ROM is a kind of stored program machine readable media that is used for.In random-access memory (ram) 12, be provided with the workspace of CPU 10 or the storage area of various data.Can will can rewrite ROM such as flash memory etc., thereby this function software can be rewritten and can be easily the version of function software be upgraded as ROM 11.This can also partly upgrade the Wave data that is stored among the ROM 11.

Operating means 13 comprises such as performance operating means such as keyboard or controllers and is being used to carry out the front panel operating apparatus that is provided with on the panel of various operations.Testing circuit 14 comprises the incident that the operating means 13 of performance operating means and front panel operating apparatus comes detecting operation device 13 by scanning, and when incident takes place, provides and the corresponding incident output of the part of operating means 13.Display circuit 16 comprises such as display units such as LCD 15.To be presented on the display unit 15 by the various sampling Wave datas or the various default on-screen data of front panel operating apparatus input.Various default screens allow the user to utilize graphical user interface (GUI) to issue various instructions.Comprise A/D converter in the waveform loader 17, this converter can be taken a sample to the outside waveform signal by microphone input, being converted into numerical data, and it partly can be loaded among RAM 12 or the HDD 20 as Wave data.It is synthetic with the synthesis tone Wave data that this CPU 10 utilizes the Wave data of being stored in RAM 12 or HDD 20 partly to carry out tone waveform.Synthetic music waveform data is offered waveform output unit 18 via communication bus 23, be stored in the impact damper then.

The music waveform data that waveform output unit 18 comes in the output buffer to be stored according to specific output sampling frequency also provides it to audio system 19 after carrying out the D/A conversion.Audio system 19 produces musical sound according to the music waveform data from 18 outputs of waveform output unit.Audio system 19 is designed to allow audio volume or quality control.Be used for specifying and the pronunciation table of the corresponding Wave data part of pronouncing or be used for determining that the pronunciation of pronunciation determines that parameter is stored in ROM 11 or the hard disk 20, and will partly be stored in wherein with the Wave data of the corresponding a plurality of types of pronunciation.The type of Wave data part comprise tone waveform initial waveform portion (head), keep waveform portion (main body), finish waveform portion (afterbody) and connect waveform portion (joint), each connects the transition portion between the pitch that waveform portion is illustrated in two musical sounds.Communication interface (I/F) the 21st, be used for compositor 1 and Local Area Network or the Internet or with the interface that links to each other such as communication networks such as telephone wires.Musical sound waveform synthesizer 1 can link to each other with external unit 22 via communication network.The element of this compositor 1 links to each other with communication bus 23.Therefore, compositor 1 can be downloaded various programs, Wave data part etc. from external unit 22.The program downloaded, Wave data part etc. are stored among RAM 12 or the HDD 20.

The overview synthetic according to the tone waveform of musical sound waveform synthesizer 1 of the present invention of configuration as mentioned above will be described now.

Tone waveform can be divided into the expression its rising edge initial waveform, represent the maintenance waveform of its retaining part and the end waveform of representing its negative edge.Comprise by the tone waveform of playing such as the generations such as legato that two musical sounds are bonded together smoothly: the connection waveform that between the pitch of two musical sounds, carries out transition.In musical sound waveform synthesizer 1 according to the present invention, in ROM 11 or HDD 20, stored the Wave data part of a plurality of types, comprise initial waveform portion (being called as head afterwards), keep waveform portion (being called as main body afterwards), finish waveform portion (being called as afterbody afterwards) and connect waveform portion (being called as joint afterwards), each all represents the transition portion between the pitch of two musical sounds, and partly comes the synthesis tone waveform by sequentially connecting Wave data.Employed Wave data part or its combination when coming to determine the synthesis tone waveform in real time according to pronunciation specific or that determine.

The typical case that is stored in the Wave data part among ROM 11 or the HDD 20 as Fig. 2 a to shown in the 2d.Wave data shown in Fig. 2 a partly is the head Wave data, and comprises the single pulse waveforms SH of the rising edge (promptly starting the music) of representing tone waveform and the cycling wave form LP that links to each other with next partial waveform.Wave data shown in Fig. 2 b partly is the Wave data of main body, and comprises a plurality of cycling wave form LP1 to LP6, the retaining part of expression tone waveform.Cycling wave form LP1 sequentially connects synthesizing by cross compound turbine to LP6, and the quantity of cycling wave form is corresponding to the length of main body.Can adopt the combination in any of cycling wave form LP1 to LP6.Wave data shown in Fig. 2 c partly is the Wave data of afterbody, and comprises the single pulse waveforms SH of the negative edge (being that it discharges) of representing tone waveform and the cycling wave form LP that links to each other with previous partial waveform.Wave data shown in Fig. 2 d partly is the Wave data of joint, and comprises the single pulse waveforms SH of the transition portion between the pitch of representing two musical sounds, the cycling wave form LPa that links to each other with previous partial waveform and the LPb that links to each other with next partial waveform.Because each Wave data part has cycling wave form at its head end and/or tail end, the Wave data part can link together by the cross compound turbine of its cycling wave form.

When playing, offering compositor 1 along with playing by the performance operating means in the operating means in the musical sound waveform synthesizer 1 13 (keyboard, controller etc.) with will playing event sequence.Can utilize pronunciation that the pronunciation that switch specifies each to play sound is set, and if also specify pronunciation, the pronunciation of each performance sound then can be provided according to the performance event information that provides.When pronunciation is determined, be used for the Wave data part of synthesis tone waveform also correspondingly to be determined.Specify the Wave data part that comprises with the corresponding head of pronunciation, main body, joint or the afterbody determined with reference to the pronunciation table, and specify the time on the time shaft that partly to arrange Wave data.From ROM 11 or HDD 20, read the Wave data part of appointment, sequentially synthetic at the time place of appointment then, thus tone waveform is synthesized.

When playing two sounds of music score that connect shown in Figure 12 a, open incident owing to before receiving the note pass incident of musical sound 210, receive the note of musical sound 211, determine that legato is played.By from the time " t2 ", deducting the length that the time " t1 " obtains musical sound 210.Compare with the length of this musical sound and according to the length of playing the determined appointment of parameter.In this example, determine that the length of musical sound 210 has surpassed the length of appointment.Therefore, determine that legato is played, and musical sound 210 and musical sound 211 to utilize joint (Joint) synthetic.Shown in Figure 12 b,, head (Head), main body (main body 1), joint (Joint), main body (main body 2) and afterbody (Tail) sequentially are arranged on the time shaft, thereby tone waveform is synthesized from the time " t1 " that note is opened incident takes place.Specify Wave data part with reference to the pronunciation table, and formulate the time on the time shaft that Wave data is partly arranged as head (Head), main body (main body 1), joint (Joint), main body (main body 2) and afterbody (Tail).From ROM11 or HDD 20, read the Wave data part of appointment, sequentially synthetic at the time place of appointment then, thus tone waveform is synthesized.

Figure 14 and 15 shows the example modes of playing etc. the minor that generates by aforesaid mistake.When traditional musical sound waveform synthesizer during from minor pattern synthesis tone waveform, the generation of the subsequent sound after minor can be postponed.Inputs such as therefore, as described later, according to the length of input sound, musical sound waveform synthesizer 1 according to the present invention determines whether minor is played by missing, quick playing.When minor by mistake play, during input such as quick playing, compositor leaves the moment that incident is transfused at the note of subsequent sound and begins the tone waveform of subsequent sound is synthesized, even minor and subsequent sound are overlapping.Therefore, synthesize, and can not postpone the generation of subsequent sound, even (will describe in detail after a while) under the situation that such minor pattern is played according to 1 pair of tone waveform of musical sound waveform synthesizer of the present invention.

Fig. 3 shows according to the block scheme of carrying out the synthetic function of tone waveform in the musical sound waveform synthesizer 1 of the present invention.

In the functional-block diagram of Fig. 3, keyboard/controller 30 is the performance operating means in the operating means 13, and detected performance incident offers the tone waveform synthesis unit when keyboard/controller 30 is operated.The tone waveform synthesis unit is realized by moving the tone waveform program by CPU 1, and is comprised performance (MIDI) receiving processor 31, performance analysis processor (performance device) 32, performance synthesis processor (acoustical generator) 33 and waveform synthesis processor 34.In ROM 11 or HDD 20, be provided with the memory block of vector data storage unit 37, will pronounce to determine wherein that parameter 35, pronunciation table 36 and Wave data partly are stored as vector data.

In Fig. 3, operate detected performance incident when keyboard/controller 30 is operated with midi format, comprise the pronunciation specific data and the tone data of input in real time, be entered into then in the tone waveform synthesis unit.In this case, performance incident can not comprise the pronunciation specific data.Can be not only with tone data but also will add in the performance incident such as various source of sound control datas such as volume control datas.Performance in the tone waveform synthesis unit (MIDI) receiving processor 31 receives the performance incident of input from keyboard/controller 30, and decipher should the performance incident to play analysis processor (playing device 32).According to the performance incident of input, this performance analysis processor (playing device 32) utilizes the definite parameter 35 of pronunciation to determine its pronunciation.This pronunciation determines that parameter 35 comprises that being used for detecting the pronunciation of playing the minor of generation by quick playing or mistake determines time parameter.From the performance incident of input, obtain the length of sound, and the sound length obtained and pronunciation determined that the time compares, with determine corresponding pronunciation utilize joint based on the pronunciation of joint or do not utilize joint not based on the pronunciation of joint.When pronunciation is determined, determine the Wave data part that to use according to determined pronunciation.

In playing synthesis processor (acoustical generator) 33, specify the corresponding Wave data part of determining with the analysis of passing through performance analysis processor (performance device) 32 of pronunciation with reference to pronunciation table 36, and specify the time on the time shaft that Wave data is partly arranged.Waveform synthesis processor 34 reads the vector data of the Wave data part of appointment from make vector data storage unit 37 (comprising ROM 11 or HDD 20), sequentially synthesize the Wave data of appointment at the time place of appointment then, thereby tone waveform is synthesized.

Play synthesis processor (acoustical generator) 33 and the corresponding pronunciation of pronunciation specific data that switch is provided with is set, determine the Wave data part that to use according to the pronunciation of determining based on the event information that receives or with utilizing pronunciation.

Fig. 4 is the process flow diagram by the feature pronunciation deterministic process of the pronunciation analysis processor in the musical sound waveform synthesizer 1 according to the present invention (performance device) 32 execution.

During the note of corresponding previous sound is opened the tone waveform building-up process that the reception of incident carries out, receive follow-up note when opening incident, activate pronunciation deterministic process as shown in Figure 4, thereby detect the generation overlapping (S1) that follow-up note is opened incident and previous sound.((receiving processor 31 receives follow-up note before receiving the note pass incident of previous sound and opens incident MIDI, and then can detecting follow-up note, to open incident overlapping with the generation of previous sound when playing.Open incident with the duration of previous sound when overlapping when detecting note,, the storage time in advance when opening incident (, previous sound note was opened incident), obtain the length of previous sound by from the current time, deducting the note that receives previous sound at step S2.Then, whether the length of determining the previous sound that obtains at step S3 place determines " mistake is played sound and determined the time " of time parameter greater than being stored as pronunciation.When the length of the previous sound of determining to obtain was played sound and determined the time greater than mistake, process proceeded to step S4, was to allow the pronunciation based on joint that utilizes joint that tone waveform is synthesized to determine this pronunciation.When the length of the previous sound of determining to obtain is less than or equal to mistake and plays sound and determine the time, process proceeds to step S5, to stop previous sound, and determine that this pronunciation is based on jointless pronunciation, make the tone waveform of corresponding sound begin to synthesize again, and do not use joint by different synthetic passages from its head.When step S4 or S5 have determined this pronunciation, the time when storing follow-up note and opening incident and be transfused to, and stop this pronunciation deterministic process, this compositor turns back to the tone waveform building-up process then.

Fig. 5 is when determining to utilize the non junction pronunciation that tone waveform is synthesized, and plays the example flow diagram how synthesis processor (acoustical generator) 33 carries out the non junction phonation.

When having activated the non junction phonation, at step S10 place, by searching for pronunciation table 36 based on playing event information, the vector data of the Wave data part of selecting to use, and come element data included in the selected vector data (or data element) is made amendment according to playing event information.This element data comprises waveform (or timbre) element and the amplitude element of waveform (or timbre) element, pitch element and the amplitude element and the non-harmonic component of harmonic component.Utilization comprises that the vector data of these elements forms the Wave data part.These element datas can change in time.

Then, at step S11, the instruction that stops being in the tone waveform in the process of synthesizing by already used synthetic passage till up to now is distributed to waveform synthesis processor 34.In this case, if stopped tone waveform between the synthesis phase of Wave data part, then it is rung as non-natural musical sound.Therefore, the waveform synthesis processor 34 that has received this instruction stops tone waveform after wait its Wave data part in the process of synthesizing is synthetic fully.Particularly, when being in the process of synthesizing such as monopulse tone waveforms such as head, joint or afterbodys, waveform synthesis processor 34 fully is synthesized to its end with the monopulse tone waveform.Operate performance synthesis processor 33 and waveform synthesis processor 34 by the multitask of CPU 10, play synthesis processor 33 when waveform synthesis processor 34 is in this synthetic process of termination, proceed to next step S12 thereby make.Then, at step S12, play synthesis processor 33 and determine to be used for opening the new synthetic passage of incident synthesis tone waveform at the note that receives.Then,, play Wave data partly vector data number, element data value and the time of synthesis processor 33, prepare the synthetic of tone waveform by specifying the synthetic passage that will be used to determine at step S13.Therefore, the non junction phonation is terminated, compositor turns back to the tone waveform building-up process then, thereby stops synthetic by already used synthetic passage till up to now, and synthesizes the tone waveform that the note that receives is opened incident by determined synthetic passage.

To describe pronunciation analysis processor (performance device) 32 now and carry out the example of pronunciation deterministic process (comprising pronunciation deterministic process as shown in Figure 4), with determine pronunciation and thereby be identified for the Wave data part of synthesis tone waveform, and pronunciation synthesis processor (acoustical generator) 33 and 34 pairs of tone waveforms of waveform synthesis processor synthesize.In this example, the pronunciation deterministic process of carrying out as shown in Figure 4 also is based on jointless pronunciation to determine the pronunciation that corresponding pronunciation is based on joint.

Fig. 6 a and 6b show when the music score of playing shown in Figure 14 a, the synthetic example of the tone waveform in the musical sound waveform synthesizer 1.

Fig. 6 a shows the identical music score that writes with the piano roller shutter musical notation shown in Figure 14 a.Operate when playing music score when the keyboard/controller in the operating means 13 30, play the note that (MIDI) receiving processor 31 locates to receive previous sound 40 in the time " t1 " and open incident.Therefore, musical sound waveform synthesizer begins the tone waveform of synthetic previous sound 40 from the head (head 1) of the time shown in Fig. 6 b " t1 ".After finishing head (head 1) synthetic, do not close incident owing to also receive the note of the previous sound 40 shown in Fig. 6 b, musical sound waveform synthesizer synthesizes tone waveform when (head 1) carries out the transition to main body (main body 1) from the head with tone waveform.When locating to receive mistake in the time " t2 " and play the note of sound 41 and open incident, do not close incident owing to still receive the note of previous sound 40, it is overlapping with previous sound 40 that musical sound waveform synthesizer determines that mistake is played sound 41, and activate pronunciation deterministic process as shown in Figure 4, and obtain the length of previous sound 40.The length of the previous sound 40 that obtains is determined that with pronunciation " mistake is played sound and the determined the time " parameter in the parameter 35 compares.Here, because before the length of sound 40 was greater than " mistake was played sound and determined the time ", this pronunciation is confirmed as the pronunciation based on joint.Therefore, " t2 " locates in the time, and compositor synthesizes tone waveform tone waveform being carried out the transition to the joint (joint 1) of expression from previous sound 40 to the pitch transition portion of playing sound 41 by mistake from main body (main body 1) when.

Then, " t3 " locates in the time, and the note that compositor receives previous sound 40 closes incident.When the note of locating to receive subsequent sound 42 of the time " t4 " before finishing joint (joint 1) synthetic is opened incident, owing to still do not receive the note pass incident that mistake is played sound 41, it is overlapping that musical sound waveform synthesizer determines that subsequent sound 42 and mistake are played sound 41, and activate pronunciation deterministic process as shown in Figure 4, and obtain the length " ta " that mistake is played sound 41.The mistake of obtaining is played the length " ta " of sound 41 and determine that with pronunciation " mistake is played sound and the determined the time " parameter in the parameter 35 compares.Be less than or equal to this " mistake is played sound and determined the time " because mistake is played the length " ta " of sound 41, this pronunciation is confirmed as based on jointless pronunciation.Therefore, when stopping joint (joint 1) synthetic, this compositor does not use joint (joint 2) to stop mistake and plays sound 41, and locates in the time " t4 ", and (head 2) begins the tone waveform of synthetic subsequent sound 42 from the head.Then, " t5 " locates in the time, and compositor receives mistake and plays sound 41 notes pass incident.When finishing head (head 2) synthetic, close incident owing to also receive the note of the subsequent sound 42 shown in Fig. 6 b, musical sound waveform synthesizer still carries out synthesizing tone waveform when (head 2) carries out the transition to main body (main body 2) from the head with tone waveform.Then, " t6 " locates in the time, and the note that compositor receives subsequent sound 42 closes incident, and tone waveform is being synthesized tone waveform when main body (main body 2) carries out the transition to afterbody (afterbody 2).Then, compositor has been finished the synthetic of afterbody (afterbody 2), thereby has finished tone waveform synthetic that previous sound 40, mistake are played sound 41 and subsequent sound 42.

According to this mode, compositor is when playing sound 41 with previous sound 40 and mistake and being bonded together, utilize joint to carry out phonation, and mistake played when sound 41 and subsequent sound 42 be bonded together based on joint, carry out as shown in Figure 5 not based on the phonation of joint.Therefore, the tone waveform that utilizes head (head 1), main body (main body 1) and joint (joint 1) that previous sound 40 and mistake are played sound 41 synthesizes, and the combination that utilizes head (head 2), main body (main body 2) and afterbody (afterbody 2) is synthesized the tone waveform of subsequent sound 42.In playing synthesis processor (acoustical generator) 33, specify vector data number and the element data value that is used for based on the definite Wave data part of the pronunciation of judging by the analysis of playing analysis processor (performance device) 32 with reference to pronunciation table 36, and specify the time on the time shaft of arranging the Wave data part.Particularly, in the first synthetic passage, specify: initiate head (head 1) from the time " t1 ", main body (main body 1) is arranged in follows this head (head 1) afterwards, and initiate joint (joint 1) from the time " t2 ".In addition, in the second synthetic passage, specify: initiate head (head 2) from the time " t4 ", main body (main body 2) is arranged in follows this head (head 2) afterwards, and initiate afterbody (afterbody 2) from the time " t6 ".Waveform synthesis processor 34 reads the Wave data vector data partly of the vector data number of appointment from vector data storage unit 37 (comprising ROM 11 or HDD 20), locate synthetic waveform data division sequentially according to the element data value of appointment in the time of appointment then.In this case, synthesize previous sound 40 that comprises head (head 1), main body (main body 1) and joint (joint 1) and the tone waveform of by mistake playing sound 41 by the first synthetic passage, and synthesize the tone waveform of the subsequent sound 42 that comprises head (head 2), main body (main body 2) and afterbody (afterbody 2) by the second synthetic passage.

Therefore, when shown in Fig. 6 a, playing, shown in Fig. 6 b, come the synthesis tone waveform.Particularly, waveform synthesis processor 34 reads the head vector data of the specifies vector data bulk of the time " t1 " in the first synthetic passage from vector data storage unit 37, then head (head 1) is synthesized.This head vector data comprises the single pulse waveforms a1 that starts the music that represents previous sound 40, the cycling wave form a2 that links to each other with the tail end of single pulse waveforms a1.After the tone waveform of finishing head (head 1) synthetic, waveform synthesis processor 34 reads the main body vector data of specifies vector data bulk from vector data storage unit 37, and the tone waveform of main body (main body 1) is synthesized.The appointment main body vector data of previous sound 40 comprised cycling wave form a3, a4, a5, a6 and the a7 of a plurality of different tone colors, and carried out from the head (head 1) transition to main body (main body 1) by cycling wave form a2 and a3 are carried out cross compound turbine.By cycling wave form a3, a4, a5, a6 and a7 being linked together to synthesize the tone waveform of main body (main body 1), thereby when changing its tone color, carry out tone waveform synthetic of main body (main body 1) via cross compound turbine.

Then, " t2 " locates in the time, and waveform synthesis processor 34 reads the joint vector data of specifies vector data bulk from vector data storage unit 37, and butt junction then (joint 1) is synthesized.Specify the joint vector data to represent to play the pitch transition portion of sound 41 to mistake, and comprise single pulse waveforms a9, the cycling wave form a8 that links to each other with the head end of single pulse waveforms a9 and the cycling wave form a10 that links to each other with its tail end from previous sound 40.Carry out transition by cycling wave form a7 and a8 being carried out cross compound turbine from main body (main body 1) to joint (joint 1).When carrying out joint (joint 1) synthetic, carry out the transition of playing the tone waveform of sound 41 to mistake from the tone waveform of previous sound 40, when the tone waveform of having finished joint (joint 1) synthetic, the tone waveform of having finished the first synthetic passage is synthetic.

Then, " t4 " locates in the time, and waveform synthesis processor 34 reads the head vector data of specifies vector data bulk from vector data storage unit 37, by the second synthetic passage head (head 2) synthesized then.Specify the head vector data to comprise the single pulse waveforms b1 that starts the music that represents subsequent sound 42, the cycling wave form b2 that links to each other with the tail end of single pulse waveforms b1.After the tone waveform of finishing head (head 2) synthetic, waveform synthesis processor 34 reads the main body vector data of specifies vector data bulk from vector data storage unit 37, and the tone waveform of main body (main body 2) is synthesized.The appointment main body vector data of subsequent sound 42 comprises cycling wave form b3, b4, b5, b6, b7, b8, b9 and the b10 of a plurality of different tone colors, and carries out from the head (head 2) transition to main body (main body 2) by cycling wave form b2 and b3 being carried out cross compound turbine.By cycling wave form b3, b4, b5, b6, b7, b8, b9 and b10 being linked together to synthesize the tone waveform of main body (main body 2), thereby when changing its tone color, carry out tone waveform synthetic of main body (main body 2) via cross compound turbine.

Then, " t6 " locates in the time, and waveform synthesis processor 34 reads the afterbody vector data of specifies vector data bulk from vector data storage unit 37, then afterbody (afterbody 2) synthesized.The afterbody vector data of specifies vector data bulk is represented the release of subsequent sound 42, and comprises single pulse waveforms b12, the cycling wave form b11 that links to each other with the head end of single pulse waveforms b12.Carry out transition by cycling wave form b10 and b11 being carried out cross compound turbine from main body (main body 2) to afterbody (afterbody 2).When the tone waveform of having finished afterbody (afterbody 2) synthetic, finished tone waveform synthetic of previous sound 40, mistake being played sound 41 and subsequent sound 42.

Shown in Fig. 6 b, play under sound 41 and previous sound 40 and subsequent sound 42 both overlapping situations in mistake with minor length, carry out tone waveforms when synthetic when playing sound 41 to mistake from previous sound 40, carry out the joint phonation, and, carry out non junction phonation as shown in Figure 5 when playing sound 41 from mistake when subsequent sound 42 execution tone waveforms are synthetic.Therefore, mistake is played the tone waveform of sound 41 and is located to stop at joint (joint 1), and the tone waveform of the joint that is illustrated by the broken lines (joint 2) is not synthetic.Therefore, the tone waveform that mistake is played sound 41 is shortened, and plays sound 41 by mistake and control oneself.In addition,, synthesize the tone waveform of subsequent sound 42, thereby prevent owing to miss the delay of subsequent sound 42 generations that the existence of playing sound 41 causes by new synthetic passage from the time " t4 " that the note that subsequent sound 42 has taken place is opened incident.

Fig. 7 a and 7b show the synthetic example of the tone waveform in musical sound waveform synthesizer 1 when the music score of playing shown in Figure 15 a.

Fig. 7 a shows the identical music score that writes with the piano roller shutter musical notation shown in Figure 15 a.Operate when playing music score when the keyboard/controller in the operating means 13 30, play the note that (MIDI) receiving processor 31 locates to receive previous sound 43 in the time " t1 " and open incident.Therefore, musical sound waveform synthesizer begins the tone waveform of synthetic previous sound 43 from the head (head 1) of the time shown in Fig. 7 b " t1 ".After finishing head (head 1) synthetic, do not close incident owing to also receive the note of the previous sound 43 shown in Fig. 7 b, musical sound waveform synthesizer still synthesizes tone waveform when (head 1) carries out the transition to main body (main body 1) from the head with tone waveform." t2 " locates in the time, play the note that (MIDI) receiving processor 31 receives previous sound 43 and close incident, and compositor with tone waveform when main body (main body 1) carries out the transition to afterbody (afterbody 1), tone waveform is synthesized.By finishing the synthetic of afterbody (afterbody 1), compositor has been finished tone waveform synthetic of previous sound 43.Locate being right after, play (MIDI) receiving processor 31 and receive mistake and play the note of sound 44 and open incident, and compositor begins mistake is played tone waveform synthetic of sound 44 from its head shown in Fig. 7 b (head 2) in the time " t3 " afterwards time " t2 ".

When the note of locating to receive subsequent sound 45 of the time " t4 " before finishing head (head 2) synthetic is opened incident, owing to still do not receive the note pass incident that mistake is played sound 44, it is overlapping that this musical sound waveform synthesizer determines that subsequent sound 45 and mistake are played sound 44, and activate pronunciation deterministic process as shown in Figure 4, and obtain the length " tb " that mistake is played sound 44.The mistake that obtains is played the length " tb " of sound 44 and determine that with pronunciation " mistake is played sound and the determined the time " parameter in the parameter 35 compares.Be less than or equal to " mistake is played sound and determined the time " because mistake is played the length " tb " of sound 44, this pronunciation is confirmed as based on jointless pronunciation.When stopping head (head 2) synthetic, this compositor does not use joint to stop mistake and plays sound 44, and locates in the time " t4 ", and (head 3) begins the tone waveform of synthetic subsequent sound 45 from the head.Then, " t5 " locates in the time, and compositor receives the note pass incident that mistake is played sound 44.When finishing head (head 3) synthetic, close incident owing to also receive the note of the subsequent sound 45 shown in Fig. 7 b, musical sound waveform synthesizer still carries out synthesizing tone waveform when (head 3) carries out the transition to main body (main body 3) from the head with tone waveform.Then, " t6 " locates in the time, and the note that compositor receives subsequent sound 45 closes incident, and tone waveform is being synthesized tone waveform when main body (main body 3) carries out the transition to afterbody (afterbody 3).Then, compositor has been finished the synthetic of afterbody (afterbody 3), thereby has finished tone waveform synthetic that previous sound 43, mistake are played sound 44 and subsequent sound 45.

According to this mode,, synthesize the tone waveform of previous sound 43 by the first synthetic passage from the time " t1 " when the note that receives previous sound 43 is opened incident.Particularly, synthesize by headgear combination (head 1), main body (main body 1) and afterbody (afterbody 1) tone waveform previous sound 43.Time " t3 " when opening incident, synthesize the tone waveform that mistake is played sound 44 by the second synthetic passage from the note of playing sound 44 when the generation mistake.When mistake being played sound 44 and subsequent sound 45 when being bonded together, this compositor carry out as shown in Figure 5 based on jointless phonation.When carrying out the non junction phonation, the tone waveform that only utilizes head (head 2) that mistake is played sound 44 synthesizes, and utilizes head (head 3), main body (main body 3) and afterbody (afterbody 3) to synthesize the tone waveform of subsequent sound 45 by the 3rd synthetic passage.Therefore, locate to stop the tone waveform that mistake is played sound 44 at head (head 2).

In playing synthesis processor (acoustical generator) 33, specify vector data number and the element data value that is used for based on the definite Wave data part of the pronunciation of judging by the analysis of playing analysis processor (performance device) 32 with reference to pronunciation table 36, and specify the time on the time shaft of arranging the Wave data part.Particularly, in the first synthetic passage, specify: initiate head (head 1) from the time " t1 ", main body (main body 1) is arranged in follows this head (head 1) afterwards, and initiate afterbody (afterbody 1) from the time " t2 ".In addition, in the second synthetic passage, specify: from time " t3 " initiation head (head 2), and in the 3rd synthetic passage, specify: from time " t4 " initiation head (head 3), main body (main body 3) is arranged in follows this head (head 3) afterwards, and initiate afterbody (afterbody 3) from the time " t6 ".Waveform synthesis processor 34 reads the Wave data vector data partly of the vector data number of appointment from vector data storage unit 37 (comprising ROM 11 or HDD 20), locate synthetic waveform data division sequentially according to the element data value of appointment in the time of appointment then.In this case, the tone waveform that synthesizes the previous sound 43 that comprises head (head 1), main body (main body 1) and afterbody (afterbody 1) by the first synthetic passage, and synthesize the tone waveform that the mistake that comprises head (head 2) is played sound 44, and synthesize the tone waveform of the subsequent sound 45 that comprises head (head 3), main body (main body 3) and afterbody (afterbody 3) by the 3rd synthetic passage by the second synthetic passage.

Therefore, when shown in Fig. 7 a, playing, shown in Fig. 7 b, come the synthesis tone waveform.Particularly, waveform synthesis processor 34 reads the head vector data of the specifies vector data bulk of the time " t1 " in the first synthetic passage from vector data storage unit 37, then head (head 1) is synthesized.This head vector data comprises the single pulse waveforms d1 that starts the music that represents previous sound 43, the cycling wave form d2 that links to each other with the tail end of single pulse waveforms d1.After the tone waveform of finishing head (head 1) synthetic, waveform synthesis processor 34 reads the main body vector data of specifies vector data bulk from vector data storage unit 37, and the tone waveform of main body (main body 1) is synthesized.The appointment main body vector data of previous sound 43 comprised cycling wave form d3, d4, d5 and the d6 of a plurality of different tone colors, and carried out from the head (head 1) transition to main body (main body 1) by cycling wave form d2 and d3 are carried out cross compound turbine.By cycling wave form d3, d4, d5 and d6 being linked together to synthesize the tone waveform of main body (main body 1), thereby when changing its tone color, carry out tone waveform synthetic of main body (main body 1) via cross compound turbine.

Then, " t2 " locates in the time, and waveform synthesis processor 34 reads the afterbody vector data of specifies vector data bulk from vector data storage unit 37, then afterbody (afterbody 1) synthesized.The afterbody vector data of specifies vector data bulk is represented the release of previous sound 43, and comprises single pulse waveforms d8, the cycling wave form d7 that links to each other with the head end of single pulse waveforms d8.Carry out transition by cycling wave form d6 and d7 being carried out cross compound turbine from main body (main body 1) to afterbody (afterbody 1).It is synthetic that tone waveform by finishing afterbody (afterbody 1) synthetic, compositor have been finished the tone waveform of previous sound 43 of the first synthetic passage.

" t3 " locates in the time, and waveform synthesis processor 34 reads the head vector data of specifies vector data bulk from vector data storage unit 37, then head (head 2) synthesized.This head vector data comprises represents to play the single pulse waveforms e1 that starts the music of sound 44 and the cycling wave form e2 that links to each other with the tail end of single pulse waveforms e1 by mistake.When the tone waveform of having finished this head (head 2) synthetic, it is synthetic that the mistake of having finished the second synthetic passage is played the tone waveform of sound 44, and not synthetic its joint.

Then, " t4 " locates in the time, and waveform synthesis processor 34 reads the head vector data of specifies vector data bulk from vector data storage unit 37, by the 3rd synthetic passage head (head 3) synthesized then.Specify the head vector data to comprise the single pulse waveforms f1 that starts the music that represents subsequent sound 45, the cycling wave form f2 that links to each other with the tail end of single pulse waveforms f1.After the tone waveform of finishing head (head 3) synthetic, waveform synthesis processor 34 reads the main body vector data of specifies vector data bulk from vector data storage unit 37, and the tone waveform of main body (main body 3) is synthesized.The appointment main body vector data of subsequent sound 45 comprises cycling wave form f3, f4, f5, f6, f7, f8, f9 and the f10 of a plurality of different tone colors, and carries out from the head (head 3) transition to main body (main body 3) by cycling wave form f2 and f3 being carried out cross compound turbine.By cycling wave form f3, f4, f5, f6, f7, f8, f9 and f10 being linked together to synthesize the tone waveform of main body (main body 3), thereby when changing its tone color, carry out tone waveform synthetic of main body (main body 3) via cross compound turbine.

Then, " t6 " locates in the time, and waveform synthesis processor 34 reads the afterbody vector data of specifies vector data bulk from vector data storage unit 37, then afterbody (afterbody 3) synthesized.The afterbody vector data of specifies vector data bulk is represented the release of subsequent sound 45, and comprises single pulse waveforms f12, the cycling wave form f11 that links to each other with the head end of single pulse waveforms f12.Carry out transition by cycling wave form f10 and f11 being carried out cross compound turbine from main body (main body 3) to afterbody (afterbody 3).When the tone waveform of having finished afterbody (afterbody 3) synthetic, finished tone waveform synthetic of previous sound 43, mistake being played sound 44 and subsequent sound 45.

Shown in Fig. 7 b, because when subsequent sound 45 and mistake are played sound 44 execution non junction phonation when overlapping, therefore, from the time " t4 " that the note that subsequent sound 45 takes place is opened incident, synthesize the tone waveform of subsequent sound 45 by new synthetic passage, thereby prevent owing to miss the delay of subsequent sound 45 generations that the existence of playing sound 44 causes.

Fig. 8 is when determining to utilize the non junction pronunciation to synthesize, and plays another example flow diagram how synthesis processor (acoustical generator) 33 carries out the non junction phonation.

When having activated non junction phonation as shown in Figure 8, at step S20 place, by searching for pronunciation table 36 based on playing event information, the vector data of the Wave data part of selecting to use, and come element data included in the selected vector data (or data element) is made amendment according to playing event information.Then, at step S21, will fade out and the instruction that stops being in the tone waveform in the process of synthesizing by already used synthetic passage till up to now is distributed to waveform synthesis processor 34.Then, at step S22, play synthesis processor 33 and determine to be used for opening the new synthetic passage of incident synthesis tone waveform at the note that receives.Then,, play synthesis processor 33, prepare the synthetic of tone waveform by specifying vector data number, element data value and the time at the Wave data part of selected synthetic passage at step S23.Therefore, the non junction phonation is terminated, and compositor turns back to the tone waveform building-up process then.In the example of this non junction phonation, stop being in the tone waveform in the process of synthesizing by fading out, thereby it is rung as natural musical sound.

With reference now to Fig. 9 and 10,, the synthetic example of the tone waveform in the waveform synthesis processor 34 is described when as shown in Figure 8 non junction phonation of execution.

Fig. 9 a shows the identical music score that writes with the piano roller shutter musical notation shown in Fig. 6 a, and Fig. 9 b shows tone waveform synthetic when playing musical sound.The difference of the tone waveform shown in the tone waveform shown in Fig. 9 b and Fig. 6 b only is that joint is faded out.Therefore, following description will concentrate on joint (joint 1) and how be faded out.As mentioned above, compositor is carried out the phonation based on joint when previous sound 40 and mistake being played sound 41 being bonded together, and mistake is being played when sound 41 and subsequent sound 42 be bonded together, execution as shown in Figure 8 not based on the phonation of joint.Therefore, determine to utilize the combination of head (head 1), main body (main body 1) and joint (joint 1) to synthesize previous sound 40 and play the tone waveform of sound 41 by mistake, and will utilize the combination of head (head 2), main body (main body 2) and afterbody (afterbody 2) to synthesize the tone waveform of subsequent sound 42.In this example, the tone waveform that mistake is played sound 41 is located to stop at joint (joint 1), and synthetic linker (joint 2) as mentioned above not.Yet, stop the tone waveform that mistake is played sound 41 by the joint that fades out (joint 1).Particularly, when time of arrival " t4 ", by controlling the amplitude of joint (joint 1) according to the waveform g1 that fades out, synthetic this joint (joint 1) when fading out.Because it is similar to the description of the waveform building-up process of Fig. 6 b, therefore will omit the description of other features of the waveform building-up process of tone waveform.

Figure 10 a shows the identical music score that writes with the piano roller shutter musical notation shown in Fig. 7 a, and Figure 10 b shows tone waveform synthetic when playing musical sound.The difference of the tone waveform shown in the tone waveform shown in Figure 10 b and Fig. 7 b only is that head (head 2) is faded out.Therefore, following description will concentrate on head (head 2) and how be faded out.As mentioned above, compositor is being played mistake when sound 44 and subsequent sound 45 be bonded together, carry out as shown in Figure 8 based on jointless phonation.Therefore, determined to utilize head (head 2) to come synthetic mistake to play the tone waveform of sound 44, and will utilize the combination of head (head 3), main body (main body 3) and afterbody (afterbody 3) to synthesize the tone waveform of subsequent sound 45.In this example, the tone waveform that mistake is played sound 44 is located to stop at head (head 2), and synthetic linker as mentioned above not.Yet, stop the tone waveform that mistake is played sound 44 by the head that fades out (head 2).Particularly, when time of arrival " t4 ", by controlling the amplitude of head (head 2) according to the waveform g2 that fades out, synthetic this head (head 2) when fading out.Because it is similar to the description of the waveform building-up process of Fig. 7 b, therefore will omit the description of other features of the waveform building-up process of tone waveform.

When the non junction phonation carried out as shown in Figure 8, stop by the tone waveform in the building-up process of this passage by in passage, it being faded out, thereby the musical sound of passage is rung as natural musical sound.

According to alternative plan of the present invention, a kind of musical sound waveform synthesizer has been proposed, wherein when detecting not and first or the note of overlapping second or the follow-up musical sound of previous musical sound when opening incident, do not surpass the predetermined length of stopping if determine the length of stopping that previous sound and note are opened between the incident, and the length of also having determined previous sound does not surpass predetermined sound length, then immediately stop tone waveform synthetic of previous sound, and the note of initiation and second musical tone is opened synthesizing of the corresponding tone waveform of incident.

Figure 16 is the process flow diagram by the feature pronunciation deterministic process of carrying out according to the pronunciation analysis processor in the musical sound waveform synthesizer 1 of second embodiment of the invention (performance device) 32.

After the note pass incident that is receiving previous sound, receive note when opening incident, activate pronunciation deterministic process as shown in figure 16, thus detect this note open incident not with the generation of previous sound overlapping (S31).After having passed through the note that does not have pitch open the time period of incident after the note that receives previous sound closing incident, when performance (MIDI) receiving processor 31 receives note when opening incident, can detecting this note, to open incident not overlapping with the generation of previous sound.Open incident not with the generation of previous sound when overlapping when detecting this note that receives, at step S32, by deduct the previously stored time (previous sound note closes the time) when the note that receives previous sound closes incident from the current time, the note that obtains previous sound closes incident and the note that receives is opened stopping between the incident (or time-out) length.Then, determine at step S33 whether the length of stopping that is obtained determines " mistake is played the time of determining of stopping " of time parameter greater than being stored as pronunciation.When being less than or equal to mistake, the length of determining to be obtained of stopping plays when stopping the time of determining, this process proceeds to step S34, so that the previously stored time when opening incident by deducting the note that receives previous sound another time of storing in advance (previous sound note closes the time) when the note that receives previous sound closes incident (, previous sound note ETAD expected time of arrival and departure), obtain the length of previous sound.Then, whether the length of definite previous sound that is obtained determines time " mistake is played sound and determined the time " greater than being stored as pronunciation at step S35 place.Length is less than or equal to mistake and plays to stop and determine the time if determine to stop, and the length of previous sound also is less than or equal to mistake and plays sound and determine the time, determines that then previous sound is that mistake is played sound and this process proceeds to step S36.At step S36 place, determine that this pronunciation is the pronunciation based on head of fading out, make that opening incident at the response note begins from its head in synthesizing of tone waveform previous sound to be faded out, and carries out corresponding phonation then.Therefore, when definite previous sound is a mistake when playing sound, previous sound was faded out, thereby had prevented that mistake from playing controlling oneself of sound.

Length is played the time of determining of stopping greater than mistake if determined to stop, length is less than or equal to mistake and plays and stop the time of determining and the length of previous sound is played the time of determining of stopping greater than mistake if perhaps determined to stop, then process is branched off into step S37, to determine that this pronunciation is based on the pronunciation of head, make to open and continue synthetic to previous sound when incident begins tone waveform synthetic from its head, carry out corresponding phonation then at the response note.Therefore, be not to be when playing sound, to continue the synthetic of previous sound when definite previous sound, and the response note is opened the synthetic of incident initiation tone waveform by mistake.When step S36 or S37 have determined pronunciation, the time that note is opened incident has been imported in storage, and stops the pronunciation deterministic process, and then, this compositor turns back to the tone waveform building-up process.

Figure 17 is when having determined to utilize the pronunciation based on head of fading out to come the synthesis tone waveform, plays synthesis processor (acoustical generator) 33 and how to carry out the process flow diagram based on the phonation of head that fades out.

When activated fade out based on the phonation of head the time, at step S40, select Wave data vector data partly by searching for pronunciation table 36, and revise the element data (or data element) that comprises in the selected vector data according to playing event information according to the performance event information.This element data comprises waveform (or timbre) element and the amplitude element of waveform (or timbre) element, pitch element and the amplitude element and the non-harmonic component of harmonic component.Utilization comprises that the vector data of these elements forms the Wave data part.These element datas can change in time.

Then, at step S41, will fade out and the instruction that stops being in the tone waveform in the process of synthesizing by already used synthetic passage till up to now is distributed to waveform synthesis processor 34.Therefore, the tone waveform of previous sound is rung as natural musical sound, even when receiving this instruction, waveform synthesis processor 34 is under the situation of the tone waveform that has stopped previous sound between the synthesis phase of its Wave data part.Operate performance synthesis processor 33 and waveform synthesis processor 34 by the multitask of CPU 10, play synthesis processor 33 when waveform synthesis processor 34 is in this synthetic process of termination, proceed to next step S42 thereby make.Then, at step S42, play synthesis processor 33 and determine to be used for opening the new synthetic passage of incident synthesis tone waveform at the note that receives.Then,, play synthesis processor 33, prepare the synthetic of tone waveform by specifying selected Wave data vector data number, element data value and the time partly of the synthetic passage that will be used to determine at step S43.Therefore, the phonation based on head that fades out is terminated, compositor turns back to the tone waveform building-up process then, thereby stops synthetic by already used synthetic passage till up to now, and synthesizes the tone waveform that the note that receives is opened incident by determined synthetic passage.

To describe pronunciation analysis processor (performance device) 32 now and carry out the example of pronunciation deterministic process (comprising pronunciation deterministic process as shown in figure 16), with determine pronunciation and thereby be identified for the Wave data part of synthesis tone waveform, and pronunciation synthesis processor (acoustical generator) 33 and 34 pairs of tone waveforms of waveform synthesis processor synthesize.In this example, carry out the pronunciation that pronunciation deterministic process is as shown in figure 16 still faded out with definite corresponding pronunciation of pronouncing to be based on head based on head.

Figure 18 a and 18b show when receiving and comprise when playing first example of performance incident of minor of generation by mistake the synthetic example of the tone waveform in the musical sound waveform synthesizer 1.

Operate when the keyboard/controller in the operating means 13 30 and to play the music score that writes with the piano roller shutter musical notation shown in Figure 18 a when (comprise by mistake and play the minor of generation), located to take place the note of previous sound 40 in the time " t1 " and opened incident, received by musical sound waveform synthesizer then.Here, as shown in figure 16 pronunciation deterministic process and un-activation, and, then this pronunciation is defined as pronunciation based on head owing to formerly before the sound 40 the performance incident does not take place.Therefore, musical sound waveform synthesizer begins the tone waveform of previous sound 40 is synthesized from its head (head 1) of the time shown in Figure 18 b " t1 ".After finishing head (head 1) synthetic, because the note that does not also receive shown in Figure 18 b closes incident, musical sound waveform synthesizer synthesizes tone waveform when (head 1) carries out the transition to main body (main body 1) from the head with tone waveform.After locating to receive the note pass incident of previous sound 40 in the time " t2 ", musical sound waveform synthesizer with tone waveform when main body (main body 1) carries out the transition to afterbody (afterbody 1), tone waveform is synthesized.After finishing afterbody (afterbody 1) synthetic, musical sound waveform synthesizer has been finished tone waveform synthetic of previous sound 40.

Then, when the note of locating to receive minor 41 in the time " t3 " is opened incident, open incident, musical sound waveform synthesizer activation pronunciation deterministic process as shown in figure 16 owing to after the note that receives previous sound 40 closes incident, received note.In this pronunciation deterministic process, obtain the length of stopping between previous sound 40 and the minor 41 by deduct the time " t2 " from the time " t3 ", and the length of stopping that will obtain determines that with pronunciation " mistake is played definite time of the stopping " parameter in the parameter compares.In this example, determined that the length of stopping that is obtained is less than or equal to mistake and plays the time of determining of stopping.In addition, time " t1 " when opening incident by deducting the note that receives previous sound 40 time " t2 " when the note that receives previous sound 40 closes incident, obtain the length of previous sound 40, and the length of the previous sound 40 that obtained and pronunciation are determined that mistake in the parameter plays sound and determine that the time compares.In this example, determined that previous sound 40 is longer, determined the time, and thereby pronunciation has been defined as pronunciation based on head thereby make the length of previous sound 40 play sound greater than mistake.Just, determine that previous sound 40 is not that mistake is played sound.Therefore, musical sound waveform synthesizer 1 begins the tone waveform of minor 41 is synthesized from its head (head 2) of the time shown in Figure 18 b " t3 ".Time " t4 " before the note pass incident of minor 41 appears at synthesizing of termination head (head 2) is located, and is received by musical sound waveform synthesizer then.Therefore, when finishing head (head 2) synthetic, compositor with tone waveform from the head (head 2) when carrying out the transition to afterbody (afterbody 2) tone waveform is synthesized.

Then, the note of locating to receive subsequent sound in the time " t5 " is opened incident owing to received note after the note that receives minor 41 closes incident after opening incident, so musical sound waveform synthesizer activation pronunciation deterministic process as shown in figure 16.In this pronunciation deterministic process, obtain the length of stopping " ta " between minor 41 and the subsequent sound 42 by from the time " t5 ", deducting the time " t4 ", and the length of stopping " ta " that will obtain determines that with pronunciation " mistake is played the time of determining of the stopping " parameter in the parameter compares.In this example, determined that the length of stopping " ta " that is obtained is less than or equal to mistake and plays the time of determining of stopping.In addition, time " t3 " when opening incident by deducting the note that receives minor 41 time " t4 " when the note that receives minor 41 closes incident, obtain the length " tb " of minor 41, and the minor length " tb " that is obtained is played sound with the mistake in the definite parameter of pronunciation determine that the time compares.In this example, determined that minor 41 is shorter, played the length that sound is determined the time thereby make the length " tb " of minor 41 be less than or equal to mistake, and thereby the pronunciation based on head that pronunciation is defined as fading out.Just, determine that minor 41 is for play sound by mistake.Therefore, musical sound waveform synthesizer is carried out the phonation based on head that fades out as shown in figure 17, so that the time " t5 " when the note that receives subsequent sound 42 is opened incident, when waveform g1 controls the amplitude of tone waveform according to fading out, the tone waveform of minor 41 is synthesized." t5 " locates in the time, and this musical sound waveform synthesizer begins the tone waveform of subsequent sound 42 is synthesized from its head (head 3) by the new synthetic passage shown in Figure 18 b.When having finished head (head 3) synthetic, do not close incident owing to receive the note of the subsequent sound 42 shown in Figure 18 b, musical sound waveform synthesizer still synthesizes tone waveform when (head 3) carries out the transition to main body (main body 3) from the head with tone waveform.Then, " t6 " locates in the time, and the note that compositor receives subsequent sound 42 closes incident, and with tone waveform when main body (main body 3) carries out the transition to afterbody (afterbody 3), tone waveform is synthesized.Then, compositor has been finished the synthetic of afterbody (afterbody 3), thereby has finished tone waveform synthetic of subsequent sound 42.

According to this mode, when musical sound waveform synthesizer is opened incident at the note that receives previous sound 40 and minor 41, execution is based on the phonation of head, and the phonation based on head (as shown in figure 17) that execution is faded out when the note that receives subsequent sound 42 is opened incident.Therefore, compositor utilizes head (head 1), main body (main body 1) and afterbody (afterbody 1) to synthesize the tone waveform of previous sound 40, and utilizes head (head 2) and afterbody (afterbody 2) to synthesize the tone waveform of minor 41.Yet compositor is from the special time between the synthesis phase of its tone waveform, and the tone waveform of waveform g1 to minor 41 fades out according to fading out.In addition, compositor utilizes head (head 3), main body (main body 3) and afterbody (afterbody 3) to synthesize the tone waveform of subsequent sound 42.

Therefore, when playing, shown in Figure 18 b, tone waveform is synthesized as Figure 18 a.Particularly, waveform synthesis processor 34 reads the head vector data of the specifies vector data bulk of the time " t1 " in the first synthetic passage from vector data storage unit 37, then head (head 1) is synthesized.This head vector data comprises the single pulse waveforms a1 that starts the music that represents previous sound 40, the cycling wave form a2 that links to each other with the tail end of single pulse waveforms a1.After the tone waveform of finishing head (head 1) synthetic, waveform synthesis processor 34 reads the main body vector data of specifies vector data bulk from vector data storage unit 37, and the tone waveform of main body (main body 1) is synthesized.The appointment main body vector data of previous sound 40 comprised cycling wave form a3, a4, a5 and the a6 of a plurality of different tone colors, and carried out from the head (head 1) transition to main body (main body 1) by cycling wave form a2 and a3 are carried out cross compound turbine.By cycling wave form a3, a4, a5 and a6 being linked together to synthesize the tone waveform of main body (main body 1), thereby when changing its tone color, carry out tone waveform synthetic of main body (main body 1) via cross compound turbine.Then, " t2 " locates in the time, and waveform synthesis processor 34 reads the afterbody vector data of specifies vector data bulk from vector data storage unit 37, then afterbody (afterbody 1) synthesized.The afterbody vector data of specifies vector data bulk is represented the release of previous sound 40, and comprises single pulse waveforms a8, the cycling wave form a7 that links to each other with the head end of single pulse waveforms a8.Carry out transition by cycling wave form a6 and a7 being carried out cross compound turbine from main body (main body 1) to afterbody (afterbody 1).Tone waveform by finishing afterbody (afterbody 1) synthetic, compositor have been finished tone waveform synthetic of previous sound 40.

" t3 " locates in the time, and waveform synthesis processor 34 reads the head vector data of the specifies vector data bulk in the second synthetic passage from vector data storage unit 37, then head (head 2) is synthesized.This head vector data comprises the single pulse waveforms b1 that starts the music that represents minor 41, the cycling wave form b2 that links to each other with the tail end of single pulse waveforms b1.Because the time " t4 " when the note that receives minor 41 closes incident is finished tone waveform synthetic of head (head 2) afterwards, waveform synthesis processor 34 reads the afterbody vector data of specifies vector data bulk from vector data storage unit 37, and afterbody (afterbody 2) is synthesized.The afterbody vector data of this appointment is represented the release of minor 41, and comprises single pulse waveforms b4, the cycling wave form b3 that links to each other with the head end of single pulse waveforms b4.Carry out from the head (head 2) transition by cycling wave form b2 and b3 being carried out cross compound turbine to afterbody (afterbody 2).Yet, as mentioned above,, its amplitude with the waveform g1 that fades out is multiplied each other by since time " t5 ", come the tone waveform of head (head 2) and afterbody (afterbody 2) is faded out.Tone waveform by finishing afterbody (afterbody 2) synthetic, compositor are finished tone waveform synthetic of having finished minor 41 by the second synthetic passage.Here, when the amplitude of tone waveform approached zero when according to the waveform g1 that fades out it being faded out, compositor can stop synthesizing tone waveform.

" t5 " locates in the time, and waveform synthesis processor 34 reads the head vector data of the specifies vector data bulk of the time " t5 " in the 3rd synthetic passage from vector data storage unit 37, then head (head 3) is synthesized.This head vector data comprises the single pulse waveforms c1 that starts the music that represents subsequent sound 42, the cycling wave form c2 that links to each other with the tail end of single pulse waveforms c1.After the tone waveform of finishing head (head 3) synthetic, waveform synthesis processor 34 reads the main body vector data of specifies vector data bulk from vector data storage unit 37, and the tone waveform of main body (main body 3) is synthesized.The appointment main body vector data of subsequent sound 42 comprises cycling wave form c3, c4, c5, c6, c7, c8, c9 and the c10 of a plurality of different tone colors, and carries out from the head (head 3) transition to main body (main body 3) by cycling wave form c2 and c3 being carried out cross compound turbine.By cycling wave form c3, c4, c5, c6, c7, c8, c9 and c10 being linked together to synthesize the tone waveform of main body (main body 3), thereby when changing its tone color, carry out tone waveform synthetic of main body (main body 3) via cross compound turbine.

Then, " t6 " locates in the time, and waveform synthesis processor 34 reads the afterbody vector data of specifies vector data bulk from vector data storage unit 37, then afterbody (afterbody 3) synthesized.Specify the afterbody vector data to represent the release of subsequent sound 42, and comprise single pulse waveforms c12, the cycling wave form c11 that links to each other with the head end of single pulse waveforms c12.Carry out transition by cycling wave form c10 and c11 being carried out cross compound turbine from main body (main body 3) to afterbody (afterbody 3).When the tone waveform of having finished afterbody (afterbody 3) synthetic, finished tone waveform synthetic of previous sound 40, minor 41 and subsequent sound 42.

As mentioned above, when the note that receives subsequent sound 42 is opened incident, carry out the phonation that fades out shown in Figure 17 based on head, thereby the time " t5 " when the note that receives subsequent sound 42 is opened incident, fade out according to the tone waveform of waveform g1 that fade out, shown in Figure 18 b to minor 41.Therefore, be defined as mistake and played the minor 41 of sound by self-holding.

Figure 19 a and 19b show when receiving and comprise when playing second example of performance incident of minor of generation by mistake the synthetic example of the tone waveform in the musical sound waveform synthesizer 1.

Operate when the keyboard/controller in the operating means 13 30 and to play the music score that writes with the piano roller shutter musical notation shown in Figure 19 a when (comprise by mistake and play the minor of generation), located to take place the note of previous sound 50 in the time " t1 " and opened incident, received by musical sound waveform synthesizer then.Here, owing to formerly before the sound 50 the performance incident does not take place, as shown in figure 16 pronunciation deterministic process and un-activation, and this pronunciation is defined as pronunciation based on head.Therefore, musical sound waveform synthesizer begins the tone waveform of previous sound 50 is synthesized from its head (head 1) of the time shown in Figure 19 b " t1 ".After finishing head (head 1) synthetic, because the note that does not also receive shown in Figure 19 b closes incident, musical sound waveform synthesizer still synthesizes tone waveform when (head 1) carries out the transition to main body (main body 1) from the head with tone waveform.The note of locating to receive minor 51 in the time " t2 " closes incident owing to still receive the note of previous sound 50 after opening incident, and musical sound waveform synthesizer determines that minor 51 was overlapping with previous sound 50.Therefore, compositor utilizes joint to carry out pronunciation based on joint, and when tone waveform is carried out the transition to the joint (joint 1) of the pitch transition portion of expression from previous sound 50 to minor 51 from main body (main body 1), tone waveform is synthesized.Then, compositor was located in the synthetic time " t3 " before of finishing joint (joint 1), and the note that receives previous sound 50 closes incident, and located to receive the note pass incident of minor 51 subsequently in the time " t4 ".Therefore, after finishing joint (joint 1) synthetic, this compositor is synthesizing tone waveform when joint (joint 1) carries out the transition to afterbody (afterbody 1) to tone waveform.

Then, be right after the note of locating to receive subsequent sound 52 in the time " t5 " afterwards time " t4 " when opening incident, open incident owing to received note after the note that receives minor 51 closes incident, musical sound waveform synthesizer activates pronunciation deterministic process as shown in figure 16.In this pronunciation deterministic process, obtain the length of stopping " tc " between minor 51 and the subsequent sound 52 by deduct the time " t4 " from the time " t5 ", and the length of stopping " tc " that will obtain determines that with pronunciation " mistake is played the time of determining of the stopping " parameter in the parameter compares.In this example, determined that the length of stopping " tc " that is obtained is less than or equal to mistake and plays the time of determining of stopping.In addition, time " t3 " when opening incident by deducting the note that receives minor 51 time " t4 " when the note that receives minor 51 closes incident, obtain the length " td " of minor 41, and the length " td " of the minor 51 that obtained and pronunciation are determined that mistake in the parameter plays sound and determine that the time compares.In this example, determined that length " td " is shorter, played sound and determine the time thereby make the length of minor 51 be less than or equal to mistake, and thereby the pronunciation based on head that pronunciation is defined as fading out.Just, determine that minor 51 is for play sound by mistake.Therefore, musical sound waveform synthesizer is carried out the phonation based on head that fades out as shown in figure 17, so that control the amplitude of the tone waveform of minor 51 according to the waveform g2 that fades out from the time " t5 " of the synthetic well afoot of joint (joint 1)." t5 " locates in the time, and musical sound waveform synthesizer begins the tone waveform of subsequent sound 52 is synthesized from its head by the new synthetic passage shown in Figure 19 b.After finishing head (head 2) synthetic, close incident owing to also receive the note of the subsequent sound 52 shown in Figure 19 b, musical sound waveform synthesizer with tone waveform from the head (head 2) when carrying out the transition to main body (main body 2) tone waveform is synthesized.Then, " t6 " locates in the time, and the note that compositor receives subsequent sound 52 closes incident, and tone waveform is being synthesized tone waveform when main body (main body 2) carries out the transition to afterbody (afterbody 2).Then, compositor has been finished the synthetic of afterbody (afterbody 2), thereby has finished tone waveform synthetic of subsequent sound 52.

According to this mode, when musical sound waveform synthesizer is opened incident at the note that receives previous sound 50, execution is based on the phonation of head, when the note that receives minor 51 is opened incident, carry out phonation, and when the note that receives subsequent sound 52 is opened incident, carry out the phonation based on head (as shown in figure 17) that fades out based on joint.Therefore, compositor utilizes head (head 1), main body (main body 1), joint (joint 1) and afterbody (afterbody 1) to synthesize the tone waveform of previous sound 50 and minor 51.Yet compositor is from the special time between the synthesis phase of its tone waveform, fades out according to the tone waveform of fade out waveform g2 butt junction (joint 1) and afterbody (afterbody 1).In addition, compositor utilizes head (head 2), main body (main body 2) and afterbody (afterbody 2) to synthesize the tone waveform of subsequent sound 52.

Therefore, when playing, shown in Figure 19 b, tone waveform is synthesized as Figure 19 a.Particularly, waveform synthesis processor 34 reads the head vector data of the specifies vector data bulk of the time " t1 " in the first synthetic passage from vector data storage unit 37, then head (head 1) is synthesized.This head vector data comprises the single pulse waveforms d1 that starts the music that represents previous sound 50, the cycling wave form d2 that links to each other with the tail end of single pulse waveforms d1.After the tone waveform of finishing head (head 1) synthetic, waveform synthesis processor 34 reads the main body vector data of specifies vector data bulk from vector data storage unit 37, and the tone waveform of main body (main body 1) is synthesized.The appointment main body vector data of previous sound 50 comprised cycling wave form d3, d4, d5, d6 and the d7 of a plurality of different tone colors, and carried out from the head (head 1) transition to main body (main body 1) by cycling wave form d2 and d3 are carried out cross compound turbine.By cycling wave form d3, d4, d5, d6 and d7 being linked together to synthesize the tone waveform of main body (main body 1), thereby when changing its tone color, carry out tone waveform synthetic of main body (main body 1) via cross compound turbine.

Then, " t2 " locates in the time, and waveform synthesis processor 34 reads the joint vector data of specifies vector data bulk from vector data storage unit 37, and butt junction then (joint 1) is synthesized.Appointment joint vector data is represented the pitch transition portion from previous sound 50 to minor 51, and comprises single pulse waveforms d9, the cycling wave form d10 that links to each other with the tail end of single pulse waveforms d9.Carry out transition by cycling wave form d7 and d8 being carried out cross compound turbine from main body (main body 1) to joint (joint 1).Along with synthetic the carrying out of joint, carry out transition from the tone waveform of previous sound 50 to the tone waveform of minor 51.When the tone waveform of having finished joint (joint 1) synthetic, proceed to the transition of afterbody (afterbody 1).The release of afterbody (afterbody 1) expression minor 51, and comprise single pulse waveforms d12, the cycling wave form d11 that links to each other with the head end of single pulse waveforms d12.Carry out transition by cycling wave form d10 and d11 being carried out cross compound turbine from joint (joint 1) to afterbody (afterbody 1).Yet, as mentioned above,, its amplitude with the waveform g2 that fades out is multiplied each other by since time " t5 ", come the tone waveform of butt junction (joint 1) and afterbody (afterbody 1) to fade out.Tone waveform by finishing afterbody (afterbody 1) synthetic, compositor have been finished tone waveform synthetic of previous sound 50 and minor 51.Here, when the amplitude of tone waveform approached zero when according to the waveform g2 that fades out it being faded out, compositor can stop synthesizing tone waveform.

" t5 " locates in the time, and waveform synthesis processor 34 also reads the head vector data of the specifies vector data bulk of the time " t5 " in the second synthetic passage from vector data storage unit 37, then head (head 2) is synthesized.This head vector data comprises the single pulse waveforms e1 that starts the music that represents subsequent sound 52, the cycling wave form e2 that links to each other with the tail end of single pulse waveforms e1.After the tone waveform of finishing head (head 2) synthetic, waveform synthesis processor 34 reads the main body vector data of specifies vector data bulk from vector data storage unit 37, and the tone waveform of main body (main body 2) is synthesized.The appointment main body vector data of subsequent sound 52 comprises cycling wave form e3, e4, e5, e6, e7, e8, e9 and the e10 of a plurality of different tone colors, and carries out from the head (head 2) transition to main body (main body 2) by cycling wave form e2 and e3 being carried out cross compound turbine.By cycling wave form e3, e4, e5, e6, e7, e8, e9 and e10 being linked together to synthesize the tone waveform of main body (main body 2), thereby when changing its tone color, carry out tone waveform synthetic of main body (main body 2) via cross compound turbine.

Then, " t6 " locates in the time, and waveform synthesis processor 34 reads the afterbody vector data of specifies vector data bulk from vector data storage unit 37, then afterbody (afterbody 2) synthesized.Specify the afterbody vector data to represent the release of subsequent sound 52, and comprise single pulse waveforms e12, the cycling wave form e11 that links to each other with the head end of single pulse waveforms e12.Carry out transition by cycling wave form e10 and e11 being carried out cross compound turbine from main body (main body 2) to afterbody (afterbody 2).When the tone waveform of having finished afterbody (afterbody 2) synthetic, finished tone waveform synthetic of previous sound 50, minor 51 and subsequent sound 52.

As mentioned above, when the note that receives subsequent sound 52 is opened incident, carry out the phonation that fades out shown in Figure 17 based on head, thereby the time " t5 " when the note that receives subsequent sound 52 is opened incident, fade out according to the tone waveform of waveform g2 that fade out, shown in Figure 19 b to minor 51.Therefore, be defined as mistake and played the minor 51 of sound by self-holding.

Above-mentionedly can be applied to electronic musical instrument, be not limited to musical instrument, but not only comprise stringed musical instrument or wind instrument, and comprise musical instrument such as other types such as percussion instruments according to musical sound waveform synthesizer of the present invention.Aforesaid according to musical sound waveform synthesizer of the present invention in, by move the tone waveform program by CPU, realize this tone waveform synthesis unit.Yet, can provide this tone waveform synthesis unit with hardware configuration.In addition, can also be applied to according to musical sound waveform synthesizer of the present invention such as automatic playing equipment such as automatic player pianos.

In the above description, the cycling wave form that is connected to another Wave data part is added to according in each the Wave data part in the musical sound waveform synthesizer of the present invention.Yet, can cycling wave form not added in the Wave data part.In this case, connect the Wave data part by cross compound turbine.

Claims

1. tone waveform synthesis device comprises:

Play the event information receiver, receive the performance event information of the musical performance incident that expression occurs continuously along with the carrying out of playing, described performance incident comprises that note opens incident;

Note synthesizer, event information synthesizes and the waveform of the corresponding musical sound of each musical performance incident according to playing;

Whether overlapping detecting device detects first tone according to the performance event information and overlaps each other with the second musical tone that will produce after first tone; And

Duration of a sound measuring appliance obtains the duration of a sound of first tone according to the performance event information that receives;

Wherein, when overlapping detecting device has detected first tone and second musical tone and has overlapped each other, surpass the predetermined duration of a sound if determine the duration of a sound of the first tone that obtains by duration of a sound measuring appliance, synthesizing of the waveform of note synthesizer termination first tone, and from waveform, open the corresponding initial waveform portion of incident with the note of second musical tone, synthesizing of the waveform of beginning second musical tone, surpassed the predetermined duration of a sound if determine the duration of a sound of the first tone that obtains by duration of a sound measuring appliance, note synthesizer is carried out synthetic to the waveform of first tone and second musical tone, makes second musical tone and first tone be bonded together.

2. tone waveform synthesis device according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: when overlapping detecting device has detected first tone and second musical tone and overlaps each other, if when determining that the duration of a sound of the first tone that duration of a sound measuring appliance obtains does not surpass the predetermined duration of a sound, first tone is faded out thereby note synthesizer stops the synthetic of waveform of first tone.

3. tone waveform synthesis device according to claim 1 is characterized in that:

Note synthesizer comprises initial waveform portion, keeps waveform portion, finishes waveform portion and a plurality of waveform portion that are connected waveform portion that are used for engaging two musical sounds by combination, comes the waveform of synthesis tone.

4. tone waveform synthesis device according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: when overlapping detecting device has detected first tone and second musical tone and overlaps each other, surpassed the predetermined duration of a sound if determine the duration of a sound of the first tone that duration of a sound measuring appliance obtains, then the note synthesizer utilization connects corrugated part the two the waveform of synthetic first tone and second musical tone of assigning to.

5. tone waveform synthesis device comprises:

Play the event information receiver, receive the performance event information of expression continuous musical performance incident that occurs along with the carrying out of playing, described performance incident comprises that note is opened incident and note closes incident;

Note synthesizer is according to playing event information synthesis tone waveform;

Detecting device is according to detecting not with the note of the overlapping second musical tone of first tone and open incident by playing performance event information that the event information receiver receives;

The device for measuring length that stops, the note that has detected second musical tone when detecting device are opened incident not with first tone when overlapping, and the note that the note that obtains first tone closes incident and second musical tone is opened the length of stopping between the incident; And

Duration of a sound measuring appliance, the note that has detected second musical tone when detecting device are opened incident and when overlapping, are not obtained the duration of a sound of first tone with first tone according to described performance event information;

Wherein, when determining that the length of stopping by the device for measuring length that stops obtains does not surpass the predetermined length of stopping, and when the length of also determining the first tone that obtained by duration of a sound measuring appliance surpasses the predetermined duration of a sound, synthesizing of the waveform of note synthesizer termination first tone, so that first tone is faded out, and beginning and note are opened waveform synthetic of the corresponding second musical tone of incident.

6. tone waveform synthetic method comprises:

Play the event information receiving step, receive the performance event information of the musical performance incident that expression occurs continuously along with the carrying out of playing, described performance incident comprises that note opens incident;

The musical sound synthesis step, event information synthesizes and the waveform of the corresponding musical sound of each musical performance incident according to playing;

Whether overlapping detection step detects first tone according to the performance event information and overlaps each other with the second musical tone that will produce after first tone; And

Duration of a sound measuring process obtains the duration of a sound of first tone according to the performance event information that receives;

Wherein, when detecting first tone and second musical tone and overlap each other, if the duration of a sound of definite first tone that is obtained surpasses the predetermined duration of a sound, synthesizing of the waveform of musical sound synthesis step termination first tone, and from waveform, open the corresponding initial waveform portion of incident with the note of second musical tone, synthesizing of the waveform of beginning second musical tone, if the duration of a sound of definite first tone that is obtained has surpassed the predetermined duration of a sound, the musical sound synthesis step is carried out synthetic to the waveform of first tone and second musical tone, makes second musical tone and first tone be bonded together.

7. tone waveform synthetic method comprises:

Play the event information receiving step, receive the performance event information of expression continuous musical performance incident that occurs along with the carrying out of playing, described performance incident comprises that note is opened incident and note closes incident;

The musical sound synthesis step is according to playing event information synthesis tone waveform;

Detect step, detect not with the note of the overlapping second musical tone of first tone according to the performance event information that receives and open incident;

The linear measure longimetry step of stopping is opened incident not with first tone when overlapping when the note that detects second musical tone, and the note that the note that obtains first tone closes incident and second musical tone is opened the length of stopping between the incident; And

Duration of a sound measuring process is opened incident when the note that detects second musical tone and when overlapping, is not obtained the duration of a sound of first tone with first tone according to described performance event information;

Wherein, when the length of determining to be obtained of stopping does not surpass the predetermined length of stopping, and when also the length of definite first tone that is obtained surpasses the predetermined duration of a sound, synthesizing of the waveform of musical sound synthesis step termination first tone, so that first tone is faded out, and beginning and note are opened waveform synthetic of the corresponding second musical tone of incident.