CN1868157A - Methods for forward error correction coding above a radio link control layer and related apparatus - Google Patents
Methods for forward error correction coding above a radio link control layer and related apparatus Download PDFInfo
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- CN1868157A CN1868157A CN200480028696.3A CN200480028696A CN1868157A CN 1868157 A CN1868157 A CN 1868157A CN 200480028696 A CN200480028696 A CN 200480028696A CN 1868157 A CN1868157 A CN 1868157A
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Abstract
Transmission techniques are provided that improve service continuity and reduce interruptions in delivery of content that can be caused by transitions that occur when the User Equipment (UE) moves from one cell to the other, or when the delivery of content changes from a Point-to-Point (PTP) connection to a Point-to-Multipoint (PTM) connection in the same serving cell, and vice-versa. Such transmission techniques enable seamless delivery of content across cell borders and/or between different transmission schemes such as Point-to-Multipoint (PTM) and Point-to-Point (PTP). Mechanisms for adjusting different streams and for recovering content from each data block during such transitions are also provided so that data is not lost during a transition. In addition, mechanisms for realigning data during decoding at a receiving terminal are also provided.
Description
Priority according to 35 U.S.C. §, 119 requirements
The application require " the Method and Apparatus forSeamless Delivery of Broadcast and Multicast Content Across Cell Bordersand/or Between Different Transmission Schemes " by name that submitted on August 21st, 2003 60/497,60/497 of " the L2 Design for Outer Coding Scheme " by name that submits in No. 457 provisional application and on August 21st, 2003, the priority of No. 456 provisional application, they the two can be transferred to its assignee, thereby can be at this as a reference with its specific reference.
Technical field
The present invention relates generally to communication system, and relates more specifically to broadcast the transmission with multicast content.
Background technology
Wireless communication system has been used to transmit the non-voice service of speech business and low data rate traditionally.Now, the wireless communication system that also transmits such as the business of high data rate (HDR) multimedia service of video, data and other type just is implemented.The stream that multimedia broadcasting and multicast services (MBMS) channel can be used for transmitting based on voice, Voice ﹠ Video data source is used, such as the audio or video content of radio broadcasting, television broadcasting, film and other type.Delay and a certain amount of loss or bit error can be tolerated in the flow data source, because these flow data sources are intermittent sometimes, and compress typically.In this regard, the transmit data rate of arrival wireless access network (RAN) may be extremely variable.Because the application layer buffering area is limited typically, so need to support the MBMS transmission mechanism of variable source data rate.
Typically, the base station offers subscriber station to this multimedia service service by launching the information signal that can be organized into a plurality of groupings usually.Grouping can be the one group of byte that is arranged in specific format that comprises data (payload) and control element.Control element can comprise for example preamble (preamble) and quality metric, and quality metric can comprise the tolerance of Cyclic Redundancy Check, parity check bit and other type.Grouping is formatted into message usually according to communication channel structure.Message is propagated between initial terminal and purpose terminal, and can be subjected to the influence of communication channel characteristics, becomes and the influence of other such characteristic such as being subjected to signal noise ratio, decline, time.In different communication channels, these characteristics can differently influence modulation signal.Wherein one is, the transmission of modulating information signal on radio communication channel, and the suitable method of needs selection is protected the information in the modulation signal.These methods can comprise that for example coding, symbol repeat, interweave and the known additive method of those of ordinary skill in the art.Yet these methods have increased expense.Therefore, must between message transmission reliability and amount of overhead, make in the design compromise.
Typically, the operator selects point-to-point (PTP) connection or point-to-multipoint (PTM) to connect according to receiving the number of MBMS content users interest station or subscriber equipment (UE) by ground, sub-district.
Point-to-point (PTP) transmission uses dedicated channel that service is sent to selected user in the overlay area." special use " channel sends information to the unique user station or sends information from the unique user station.In point-to-point (PTP) transmission, independent channel can be used for the transmission to each travelling carriage.Upwards be used for the private subscribers business that a user serves at forward link or downlink side, can transmit by the logic channel that for example is called Dedicated Traffic Channel (DTCH).For example, if there is not the user of specific multimedia broadcasting of enough needs and multicast services (MBMS) in the overlay area, then point-to-point (PTP) communication service is the most effective typically.Only service is sent under such situation of the specific user who asks this service in the base station, can use point-to-point (PTP) transmission.For example, in the WCDMA system, before the travelling carriage that has more than predetermined number, using dedicated channel or point-to-point (PTP) to transmit can be more effective.
" broadcast communication " or " point-to-multipoint (PTM) communication " is by the communication of common communication channel to a plurality of travelling carriages." public " channel sends information to a plurality of subscriber stations or sends information from a plurality of subscriber stations, and can be used simultaneously by several terminals.In point-to-multipoint (PTM) communication service, if for example in the overlay area of base station, need the multimedia service service the user outnumber predetermined threshold number, then cellular basestation can be broadcasted this multimedia service service on common signal channel.In CDMA 2000 systems, broadcasting or point-to-multipoint (PTM) transmission typically replace PTP to transmit and use, because the PTM radio bearer is almost the same with the PTP radio bearer effective.From the common signal channel transmission of certain base station, can be unnecessary and synchronous from the common channel communication of other base station.In typical broadcast system, one or more central stations offer content (user's radio network).Central station can send information to all subscriber stations or one group of specific subscriber station.Each monitors the common forward link signal to broadcast service users interest station.Point-to-multipoint (PTM) transmission can send on down link or forward common channels.Typically, common broadcast forward link signal is broadcasted on one-way channel, goes up broadcasting such as the CTCH Common Traffic Channel (CTCH) in being present in forward link or " down link " direction.Because this channel is unidirectional, thus subscriber station usually not with base station communication because allow all subscriber units, may make the communication system overload conversely to base station communication.Like this, under the background of point-to-multipoint (PTM) communication service, when in the information that receives at subscriber station error code being arranged, subscriber station may not be conversely to base station communication.Therefore, the out of Memory safeguard measure can be desirable.
In CDMA 2000 systems, subscriber station can soft combination in point-to-multipoint (PTM) transmission.Even when having taked measure to protect information signal, the situation of communication channel also may worsen, so that can not decode by some grouping of dedicated channel transmission in the point of destination.In these cases, a kind of method can be the automatic repeat requests (ARQ) of being stood and being made to initial (base station) station by purpose (user) by using, and retransmits the grouping that can not decode simply.Re-transmission helps to guarantee the transmission of packet.If data can not correctly be transmitted, then the user of the RLC of transmission end can obtain notice.
Typically, subscriber station can experience conversion in many cases.These are changed available different mode and classify.For example, conversion can be divided into " cross over transition " and " directly conversion ".Also conversion can be divided into " minizone " conversion and " in the sub-district " conversion.
Conversion between sub-district or the transfer scheme can cause the undesirable service disruption of user's possibility.When subscriber station or subscriber equipment (UE) when a sub-district moves to another, or when in the transmission of broadcasting of Serving cell inner multimedia and multicast services (MBMS) content when a kind of pattern becomes another kind of pattern, may go wrong.From the transmission of adjacent cell, the relative to each other time shift of the amount of having Δ t1.And, may introduce additional delay in the transition period, because travelling carriage need be determined the system information in the Target cell, this needs a certain amount of processing time Δ t2.Data flow from different districts (or point-to-point (PTP)/point-to-multipoint of different transmission channel kinds (PTM)) transmits relative to each other may have skew.Therefore, between point-to-multipoint (PTM) transmission period of different districts, travelling carriage may receive same content twice, and perhaps some piece content may be lost.This is not fully up to expectations aspect service quality.Between the sub-district and/or the conversion between point-to-point (PTP) transmission and point-to-multipoint (PTM) transmission, depend on the duration of conversion and transmit between delay or deviation, the interruption in can causing serving.
Therefore, need to provide the transmission technology of the interruption in service continuity and the transmission of minimizing content in the art, interruption during wherein content transmits can be caused by the conversion that takes place in the following moment: when subscriber equipment (UE) when a sub-district moves to another, or connect when becoming point-to-multipoint (PTM) and connecting, and when the rightabout conversion of generation when the content in same Serving cell transmits from point-to-point (PTP).These transmission technologys will preferably can realize striding cell boarder and/or such as the seamless delivery of the content between the different transmission schemes between point-to-multipoint (PTM) and point-to-point (PTP).Be used for adjusting different data streams and recovering the mechanism of content, also expect, so that data can not lost in the transition period from each data block in these transition period.Be provided for during the decoding of receiving terminal, rearranging the mechanism of data, also will expect.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the figure of communication system;
Fig. 2 is the block diagram of UMTS signaling protocol stack;
Fig. 3 is the block diagram on the packet switching user plane of UMTS protocol stack;
Fig. 4 is the block diagram of the Access Layer part of UMTS signaling protocol stack;
Fig. 5 A is the block diagram of data-transmission mode that uses in Radio Link control (RLC) layer of UMTS signaling protocol stack and the various channels that use in every layer;
Fig. 5 B is the block diagram that shows the structure of Radio Link control (RLC) layer that comprises various RLC data-transmission modes;
Fig. 5 C is the block diagram that shows the entity be used to realize Radio Link control (RLC) affirmation mode (AM);
Fig. 6 is improved block diagram with UMTS protocol stack of forward error correction layer;
Fig. 7 A has shown the embodiment of the protocol architecture of the Access Layer that comprises forward error correction (FEC) layer;
Fig. 7 B has shown another embodiment of the protocol architecture of the Access Layer that comprises forward error correction (FEC) layer;
Fig. 8 be block of information and with the block diagram of the corresponding external code piece of this block of information;
Fig. 9 A shows the external code block structured block diagram that may be used in multimedia broadcasting and multicast services (MBMS) data;
Fig. 9 B is the external code block structured block diagram of displayed map 9A, and wherein every Transmission Time Interval (TTI) sends multirow;
Fig. 9 C is the external code block structured block diagram of displayed map 9A, and wherein every row is sent out in a plurality of TTI;
Figure 10 A and 10B are the block diagrams that shows the external code piece that is generated by the forward error correction layer;
Figure 11 is the embodiment of forward error correction (FEC) layer that uses in the RLC UM+ entity;
Figure 12 A has shown the encoding process that is used for generating from data cell the external code piece, and wherein the capable size of external code piece is fixed;
Figure 12 B has shown in Figure 12 A the example by aerial emission information;
Figure 13 has shown the encoding process that is used to generate the external code piece with variable row size;
Figure 14 is the figure of the embodiment of forward error correction (FEC) form;
Figure 15 is used to make the travelling carriage can be the algorithm of the time migration between the decoding delay Different Logic stream;
Figure 16 shows when travelling carriage is being received from point-to-multipoint (PTM) transmission of sub-district A and is changing between another point-to-multipoint (PTM) transmission of sub-district B, by the figure of the time relationship between the external code piece of travelling carriage reception;
When Figure 17 is the conversion generation that is presented between point-to-multipoint (PTM) transmission and point-to-point (PTP) transmission, by the figure of the time relationship between the external code piece of travelling carriage reception;
Figure 18 is presented at from radio network controller (RNC) A point-to-point (PTP) transmission with during the conversion between another point-to-point (PTP) of radio network controller (RNC) B transmission or reorientating, by the figure of the time relationship between the external code piece of travelling carriage reception.
Embodiment
Speech " schematically " is used to refer to " as example, example or illustration " in this article.Any embodiment that describes as " schematically " not necessarily is interpreted as preferred embodiment or more favourable than other embodiment in this article.
Term " travelling carriage " can exchange with term " point of destination ", " subscriber station ", " subscriber unit ", " terminal " and " subscriber equipment (UE) " in this article and use, and be used to refer to hardware in this article, such as the base station, this base station with communicate by letter such as the Access Network of UMTS Terrestrial radio access network (UTRAN).In the UMTS system, subscriber equipment (UE) is to allow the user to insert the device of UMTS network service, and preferably includes the USIM that comprises all consumer premise information.Travelling carriage can be that move or static, and can comprise usually by wireless channel or any communicator, data set or the terminal that communicate by the wire message way that for example uses optical fiber or coaxial cable.Travelling carriage can be implemented in such device, and this device comprises PC card, compact flash, outside or internal modems or mobile or fixed line telephone, but included parts are not limited to these parts.
Term " state is set up in connection " refers to such state, travelling carriage be in set up with processing that the active traffic channel of base station is connected in.
Term " service condition " refers to such state, and travelling carriage has and that set up is connected with the active traffic channel base station.
Term " communication channel " in this article based on context is used to refer to physical channel or logic channel.
Term " physical channel " is used to refer to the channel that transmits user data or control information by air interface in this article.Physical channel provides wireless platform " transmission medium ", and in fact information be transmitted by this wireless platform, and physical channel is used for transmitting signaling and user data by Radio Link.Typically, physical channel comprises the combination of scrambling code and channel code.On uplink direction, also can comprise relative phase.Just attempt the thing done based on travelling carriage, can on up link, use many different physical channels.In the UMTS system, the term physical channel can also refer to for the different types of bandwidth of different purposes by the Uu interface assignment.The physics that physical channel constitutes the Uu interface between subscriber equipment (UE) territory and the network insertion territory exists.Physical channel can define by physical mappings and the attribute that is used for transmitting by air interface data.
Term " transmission channel " is used to refer in this article, is used for the communication route of the transfer of data between the reciprocity physical layer entity.Transmission channel relates to the mode that information is transmitted.Usually, two types the transmission channel that is called Common transport channel and dedicated transmission channel can be arranged.Transmission channel can define by how maybe transmitting which type of performance data by the air interface on the physical layer by the air interface transmission characteristic data on the physical layer, for example whether use special use or public physic channel, or logic channel is multiplexing.Transmission channel can be used as the Service Access Point (SAP) of physical layer.In the UMTS system, how transmission channel can transmit logic channel if being described, and these information flows are mapped to physical channel.Transmission channel is used between medium access control (MAC) layer and the physical (L1) and transmits signaling and user data.Radio network controller (RNC) is checked transmission channel.Information passes to physical layer by in many transmission channels that can be mapped to physical channel any one from the MAC layer.
Term " logic channel " is used to refer to the information flow that the information that is specifically designed to particular type or wave point transmit in this article.Logic channel relates to the information that just is being transmitted.Can be that what type is come definition of logical channels by the information that is transmitted, for example can define, and it can be interpreted as the different task that network and terminal should be carried out in different time points by signaling or user data.Can be mapped to logic channel in the transmission channel of the actual information transmission of carrying out between travelling carriage territory and the input field.Information transmits via logic channel, and logic channel can be mapped by the transmission channel that can be mapped to physical channel.
Term " dedicated channel " be used to refer in this article typically be specifically designed to the specific user or keep for the specific user and information is sent to specific travelling carriage, subscriber unit or user's set or sends channel from the information of specific travelling carriage, subscriber unit or user's set.Typically, dedicated channel transmits plans to mail to the information that given user uses, and this information comprises data and the higher level control information that is used for active service.Dedicated channel can be by the certain code identification on the certain frequency.Dedicated channel can be two-way, to be convenient to feedback potentially.
Term " common signal channel " is used to refer in this article and information is sent to a plurality of travelling carriages or send transmission of Information channel from a plurality of travelling carriages.In common signal channel, information can be shared in all travelling carriages.Can divide common signal channel between all users or between one group of user in a sub-district.
Term " point-to-point (PTP) communication " is used to refer to the communication that is sent to single mobile station by special-purpose physical communication channels in this article.
Term " broadcast communication " or " point-to-multipoint (PTM) communication " can be used to refer to by the communication of common communication channel to a plurality of travelling carriages in this article.
Term " reverse link or uplink channel " is used to refer to communication channel/link in this article, and by this communication channel/link, travelling carriage sends to the base station to signal in wireless access network.This channel also can be used for the signal from travelling carriage is sent to the mobile base station, or the signal from the mobile base station is sent to the base station.
Term " forward link or downlink channel " is used to refer to communication channel/link in this article, and by this communication channel/link, wireless access network sends to travelling carriage to signal.
Term " Transmission Time Interval (TTI) " is used to refer to data in this article and how long arrives physical layer once from higher level.Transmission Time Interval (TTI) can refer to the blanking time that transmission block collection (TBS) arrives, and is approximately equal to the cycle that TBS is transmitted by the physical layer on the wave point.In the data that on transmission channel, transmit during the TTI, can be encoded and weave in.The sustainable a plurality of radio frames of TTI, and can be interweave many times of cycle of minimum.Can be the original position of the TTI of single connection multiplexing different transmission channels together, is time alignment.TTI has public starting point.The every TTI of medium access control just is transferred to physical layer to a transmission block collection.Be mapped in the different transmission channels on the same physical channel, can have different Transmission Time Intervals (TTI) duration.Can in a TTI, transmit a plurality of PDU.
Term " grouping " is used to refer to the one group of bit that is arranged in specific format that comprises data or payload and control element in this article.Control element can comprise for example preamble, quality metric and other control element as well known to those skilled in the art.Quality metric comprises, for example Cyclic Redundancy Check, parity check bit and other quality metric as well known to those skilled in the art.
Term " Access Network " is used to refer in this article and is used for the necessary equipment of access network.Access Network can comprise the set or the network of base station (BS) and one or more base station controller (BSC).Access Network transmits packet between a plurality of subscriber stations.Access Network can further be connected to the other network beyond the Access Network, such as Intranet or internet, and can access terminal and this external network between transmit packet.In the UMTS system, can call UMTS Terrestrial radio access network (UTRAN) to Access Network.
Term " core net " is used to refer in this article and is used to the circuit-switched call in circuit switching (CS) territory and is connected to PSTN (PSTN), or is connected to the exchange and the routing capability of packet data network (PSDN) for the packet switched call in packet switching (PS) territory.The routing capability that term " core net " also refers to be used for mobility and customer location management and is used for authentication service.Core net is included as exchange and the user controls needed network element.
Term " base station " is used to refer to " initiating station " in this article, should " initiating station " comprise the hardware that travelling carriage is communicated by letter with it.In the UMTS system, term " Node B " can exchange with term " base station " and use.The base station can be that fix or mobile.
Term " sub-district " depends on the context that uses this term in this article, is used to refer to hardware or geographical coverage area.
Term " service data unit (SDU) " is used to refer in this article, be positioned at the data cell of agreement exchange of agreement interested top.
Term " payload data unit (PDU) " is used to refer in this article, be positioned at the data cell of agreement exchange of agreement interested below.If the sign of agreement interested indeterminate, then will in title, mention clearly.For example, FEC-PDU is the PDU of FEC layer.
Term " soft handover " is used to refer to the communication between subscriber station and two or more sectors in this article, and wherein each sector belongs to different sub-districts.Reverse link communication can be received by two sectors, and forward-link communication can be transmitted on the forward link of two or more sectors simultaneously.
Term " softer handover " is used to refer to the communication between subscriber station and two or more sectors in this article, and wherein each sector belongs to identical sub-district.Reverse link communication can be received by two sectors, and forward-link communication is transmitted in the forward link of two or more sectors simultaneously.
Term " deletion " is used to refer in this article can not identification message, also can be used to refer to the sets of bits that can lose when decoding.
Term " cross over transition " may be defined as, and is transferred to the conversion that point-to-multipoint (PTM) is transmitted from point-to-point (PTP), or rightabout conversion.Four kinds of possible cross over transition are: point-to-point (PTP) from the A of sub-district is transferred to the conversion of point-to-multipoint (PTM) transmission among the B of sub-district, point-to-multipoint from the A of sub-district (PTM) is transferred to the conversion of point-to-point (PTP) transmission among the B of sub-district, point-to-point (PTP) from the A of sub-district is transferred to the conversion of point-to-multipoint (PTM) transmission among the A of sub-district, and the point-to-multipoint from the A of sub-district (PTM) is transferred to the conversion of point-to-point (PTP) transmission among the A of sub-district.
Term " directly conversion " may be defined as, the conversion from a point-to-point transmission to another point-to-point transmission and be sent to the conversion of point-to-multipoint transmission from point-to-multipoint.Two kinds of possible direct conversions are, the conversion of conversion of point-to-point (PTP) transmission in the B of sub-district of point-to-point (PTP) from the A of sub-district and the point-to-multipoint from the A of sub-district (PTM) point-to-multipoint (PTM) transmission in the B of sub-district.
Term " inter-cell transitions " is used to refer to the conversion of striding cell boarder.Four kinds of possible inter-cell transitions are: point-to-point (PTP) from the A of sub-district is transferred to the conversion of point-to-point (PTP) transmission among the B of sub-district, point-to-multipoint from the A of sub-district (PTM) is transferred to the conversion of point-to-multipoint (PTM) transmission among the B of sub-district, point-to-point (PTP) from the A of sub-district is transferred to the conversion of point-to-multipoint (PTM) transmission among the B of sub-district and the conversion that the point-to-multipoint from the A of sub-district (PTM) is sent to point-to-point (PTP) transmission among the B of sub-district.Usually, the most frequent conversion is that the point-to-multipoint (PTM) of striding cell boarder is transferred to the conversion that point-to-multipoint (PTM) is transmitted.
Term " sub-district internal conversion " is used to refer to the conversion from a kind of pattern to another kind of pattern in the sub-district.Two kinds of possible sub-district internal conversions are: point-to-point (PTP) from the A of sub-district is transferred to the conversion of point-to-multipoint (PTM) transmission among the A of sub-district and the conversion that the point-to-multipoint from the A of sub-district (PTM) is transferred to point-to-point (PTP) transmission among the A of sub-district.
Term " radio bearer " is used to refer to, by layer 2 service that is provided that are used for the user data transmission between subscriber equipment (UE) and the UMTS Terrestrial radio access network (UTRAN).
Now embodiments of the invention will be discussed, aspect discussed above in these embodiments is implemented in WCDMA or the UMTS communication system.Fig. 1-5C has illustrated some aspects of traditional UMTS or WCDMA system, and that wherein describes in this article can be applicable to this aspect of the present invention in describing, and only is provided for the purpose that illustrates and limit.Be understood that, aspect of the present invention also can be applicable to and not only transmits voice but also transmit in other system of data, such as gsm system that meets following standard and CDMA 2000 systems: be embodied in and comprise 3G TS25.211,3G TS 25.212, " third generation partner program " in one group of file of 3G TS 25.213 and 3G TS 25.214 (W-CDMAB standard) number file (3GPP), or " the TR-45.5 physical layer standard that is used for the cdma2000 spread spectrum system " (IS-2000 standard) and such as TS 04.08 (mobile wireless interface layer 3 standards), the GSM standard of TS 05.08 (wireless subsystem controlling links) and TS 05.01 (physical layer on the wireless path (describe, in general terms)).
For example, indicate although describe, wireless access network 20 can be realized by using universal land radio access web (UTRAN) air interface, but alternatively, in the GSM/GPRS system, Access Network 20 can be GSM EDGE Radio Access Network (GERAN), or it can comprise the sub-district of UTRAN air interface and the sub-district of GSM/EDGE air interface under the situation between system.
UMTS network topology
Fig. 1 is the block diagram according to the communication system of UMTS network topology.The UMTS system comprises subscriber equipment (UE) 10, Access Network 20 and core net 30.UE 10 is connected to Access Network, and Access Network is connected to core net 30, and core net 30 can be connected to external network.
The Radio Resource of RNC control UTRAN.The RNC 24 of Access Network 20 communicates by letter with core net 30 by the Iu interface.Uu interface, Iu interface 25, Iub interface and Iur interface allow from the internetworking between the equipment of different manufacturers, and are described in detail in the 3GPP standard.The realization of radio network controller (RNC) changes with the difference of producer, therefore will describe with generic term below.
Radio network controller (RNC) 24 is used as the exchange and the control element of UMTS Terrestrial radio access network (UTRAN), and between Iub interface and Iu interface 25.RNC for example for managing the connection of subscriber equipment, serves as Service Access Point for offered all services of core net 30 by UTRAN.Iub interface 23 connected node B22 and radio network controller (RNC) 24.The Iu interface is connected to core net to UTRAN.Radio network controller (RNC) provides the switching point between Iu carrying and the base station.Subscriber equipment (UE) 10 can it self and radio network controller (RNC) 24 between, have several radio bearers.This radio bearer relates to subscriber equipment (UE) border (contex), and this border, user field is that Iub is connected and one group of definition of needs with special-purpose in order to arrange the public connection between subscriber equipment (UE) and the radio network controller (RNC).Corresponding RNC 24 can be by the optional Iur interface of the soft handover between the sub-district that allows to be connected to different nodes 22, intercommunication mutually.Like this, the Iur interface allows the connection between RNC.In these cases, when Drift Radio Network Controller by one or more base stations 22, the frame that can exchange by the Iur interface, when sending travelling carriage 10 to, the Iu that Serving RNC is maintained to core net 30 connects 25, and execution selector and exterior ring power controlled function.
Can call the control RNC of Node B to the RNC of a Node B 22 of control, its controls the load of himself sub-district and congested, also carries out for the new Radio Link that will be established in those sub-districts and admits control routine to distribute.
RNC and base station (or Node B) can be connected and communicate by letter via Iub interface 23.RNC controls the use of each 22 pairs of Radio Resource in the base station that is connected to specific RNC 24.One or more sub-districts are controlled in each base station 22, and Radio Link is offered travelling carriage 10.But the base station executive's interface is handled, such as chnnel coding with interweave rate adapted and expansion.Basic radio resource management operations is also carried out in the base station, controls such as inner loop power.Data flow between base station 22 conversion Iub and the Uu interface 23,26.Base station 22 also participates in RRM.Air interface Uu26 is connected to travelling carriage 10 to each base station 22.The wireless transmission of travelling carriage 10 can be responsible in one or more sub-districts in the base station, and can be responsible in one or more sub-districts the wireless receiving from travelling carriage 10.
External circuit exchange (CS) network 42 that provides circuit switching to connect core net 30 can be provided, such as current be PSTN (PSTN) or (ISDN) under the packet switched call situation, perhaps core net 30 can be connected to PS network 44, such as current be the internet that is provided for the connection of packet data service under the situation of packet switched call.
The UMTS signaling protocol stack
Fig. 2 is the block diagram of UMTS signaling protocol stack 110.UMTS signaling protocol stack 110 comprises Access Layer and Non-Access Stratum (NAS).
Typically, Access Layer comprises physical layer 120, layer 2 130 and Radio Resource control (RRC) layer 160, and its middle level 2 130 comprises medium access control (MAC) layer 140 and Radio Link control (RLC) layer 150.Below, will each layer of Access Layer be described in more detail.
The UMTS Non-Access Stratum is identical with the GSM upper strata in fact, and can be divided into circuit switching part 170 and packet switched portion 180.Circuit switching part 170 comprises connection management (CM) layer 172 and mobile management (MM) layer 178.The 172 treatment circuit switched call of CM layer, and comprise each Seed Layer.Calling out control (CC) sublayer 174 carries out such as the function of setting up and discharging.The function that carry out such as Call Forwarding and Three-Way Calling supplemental services (SS) sublayer 176.Short Message Service is carried out in Short Message Service (SMS) sublayer 177.Upgrade and authentication by the position for circuit-switched call is handled for MM layer 178.Packet switched portion 180 comprises session management (SM) sublayer 182 and GPRS Mobility Management (GMM) sublayer 184.Session management (SM) sublayer 182 is handled packet switched call, and can be comprised Short Message Service (SMS) part 183 by carrying out such as the function of setting up and discharging.The position is upgraded and authentication for packet switched call is handled in GMM sublayer 184.
Fig. 3 is the block diagram on the packet switching user plane of UMTS protocol stack.This stack comprises Access Layer (AS) and Non-Access Stratum (NAS).The NAS layer comprises application layer 80 and packet data protocol (PDP) layer 90.Application layer 80 is provided between subscriber equipment (UE) 10 and the long-distance user 42.Such as the PDP layer 90 of IP or PPP, be provided between GGSN 40 and the subscriber equipment (UE) 10.Low layer packet oriented protocol (LLPP) 39 is provided between long-distance user 42 and the SGSN 38.Iu interface protocol 25 is provided between radio network controller (RNC) 24 and the SGSN 38, and the Iub interface agreement is provided between radio network controller (RNC) 24 and the Node B 22.The other parts of AS layer will be described below.
Access Layer (AS)
Fig. 4 is the block diagram of the Access Layer part of UMTS signaling protocol stack.The tradition Access Layer comprises physical (L1) 120, data link layer (L2) 130, Radio Link control (RLC) layer 150, PDCP (PDCP) layer 156, broadcast/group broadcast control (BMC) layer 158 and Radio Resource control (RRC) layer 160, and wherein data link layer (L2) 130 has the sublayer that comprises medium access control (MAC) layer 140.Will be further described below these layers.
Radio bearer transmits user data 163 between application layer and layer 2 (L2) 130.Control plane signaling 161 can be used for all UMTS dedicated control signaling, and comprises the application protocol of the signaling bear that is used for transmitting application protocol message.Application protocol can be used for setting up carrying to UE 10.All user plane information 163 that sent and received by the user of user-plane transmissions are such as the grouping in encoded voice in the audio call or the internet connection.User plane information 163 transmits data flow and is used for the Data-carrying of those data flow.Each data flow can be characterized for the Frame Protocol of that interface appointment by one or more.
Radio Resource control (RRC) layer 160 is as the master controller of Access Layer, and all other layers in the configuration Access Layer.Rrc layer 160 generates control plane signaling 161, control plane signaling 161 control Radio Link control units 152, physical (L1) 120, medium access control (MAC) layer 140, Radio Link control (RRC) layer 150, PDCP (PDCP) layer 156 and broadcast/group broadcast control (BMC) layer 158.The type of Radio Resource control (RRC) layer 160 definite measurement of being done, and report those measurement results.Rrc layer 160 is also with control and the signaling interface of accomplishing Non-Access Stratum.
More specifically, rrc layer 160 is broadcast to all subscriber equipmenies (UE) 10 to the system information that comprises Access Layer and Non-Access Stratum cell.The Radio Resource control (RRC) that rrc layer 160 is set up, keeps and discharged between UTRAN 20 and the UE 10 connects.UE RRC asks to connect, and UTRAN RRC foundation is connected with discharging.The radio bearer between UTRAN 20 and the UE 10 is also set up, reshuffles and discharged to rrc layer 160, and start these operations by UTRAN 20.
Data link layer (L2) 130 comprises medium access control (MAC) sublayer 40, Radio Link control (RLC) sublayer 150, PDCP (PDCP) sublayer 156 and broadcast/group broadcast control (BMC) sublayer 158.
Broadcasting and multicast control protocol (BMC) 158 come to transmit the message from CBC via wave point by adapting on wave point with from the broadcast/multicast service of broadcast domain.BMC agreement 158 provides the service that is called " radio bearer ", and is present in the user plane.BMC agreement 158 and RNC store the cell broadcast messages by the CBC-RNC interface reception of the transmission that is used to be scheduled.At the UTRAN end, BMC 158 be calculated as the needed transmission rate of cell broadcast service based on passing through the message that (unshowned) CBC-RNC interface receives, and from the suitable CTCH/FACH resource of RRC request.BMC agreement 158 also by the CBC-RNC interface, receives schedule information together with each cell broadcast messages.Based on this schedule information, on the UTRAN end, BMC generates scheduling message, thereby generates scheduling BMC message sequence.On the subscriber equipment end, BMC estimates scheduling message, and scheduling parameter is indicated to RRC, and this RRC can use these scheduling parameter to dispose the lower level that is used for discontinuous reception then.BMC also transmits BMC message, such as scheduling with according to the cell broadcast messages of dispatching.The cell broadcast messages of non-damage can be sent to the upper strata.Part control signaling Radio Resource control (RRC) 160 message between UE 10 and the UTRAN 20, this radio resource control information can be transmitted as foundation, revises and discharge layer 2 protocol 130 and needed all parameters of layer 1 agreement, 120 entity.RRC message transmits all higher level signalings in their payload.Radio Resource control (RRC) is by the signaling such as measurement, handover and cell update, and control is in the mobility of user equipment in the connection mode.
PDCP (PDCP) 156 is present in the user plane that is used for from the service in PS territory.Can call radio bearer to the service that provides by PDCP.PDCP (PDCP) provides letter head compression service.PDCP (PDCP) 156 includes compression method, and these compression methods can provide better spectrum efficiency for the service that transmits the IP grouping by radio.Can use any one in several letter header compression algorithms.PDCP is transmitting compression redundancy protocol information on the entity, and these information decompress on receiving entity.The letter head compression method can be exclusively used in particular network layer, transport layer or for example upper-layer protocol combination of TCP/IP and RTP/UDP/IP.PDCP also transmits the user data of the form of its usefulness PDCP service data unit (SDU) from the Non-Access Stratum reception, and gives the RLC entity these data forwarding, and vice versa.PDCP also provides support for harmless SRNS reorientates.When PDCP uses affirmation mode (AM) RLC to transmit according to the order of sequence, can be configured to support can't harm the PDCP entity that RSRNS reorientates, has protocol Data Unit (PDU) sequence number, these protocol Data Unit sequence numbers are during reorientating, can be forwarded to new SRNC together together with unacknowledged PDCP grouping.
On control plane 161, the RLC service can be used to be used for the signaling transmission by rlc layer.On user plane 163, RLC service can be by using with special services protocol layer PDCP or BMC, or can be used by other higher level user-plane function.For the service of not using PDCP 156 or user-plane protocol, in control plane 161, the RLC service can be called Signaling Radio Bearer, in user plane 163, can be referred to as radio bearer.In other words, if service can not be used PDCP and BMC agreement, then rlc layer 150 provides the service that is called Signaling Radio Bearer (SRB) in control plane 161, and the service that is called radio bearer (RB) is provided in user plane 163.Otherwise the RB service can be provided by PDCP layer 156 or BMC layer 158.
150 couples of user of Radio Link control (RLC) layer and control data are carried out the framing function, and this framing function comprises segmentation/splice and fills functional.Typically, rlc layer 150 offers Radio Resource control (RRC) 160 layers of the control data that is used for control plane 161 with segmentation and retransmission service, and offers the application layer of the user data that is used for user plane 163.Typically, rlc layer is segmented into less rlc protocol data cell (PDU) to the higher layer protocol data units of variable-length (PDU) and from the higher layer protocol data units (PDU) of less rlc protocol data cell (PDU) reorganization variable-length.Typically, Radio Link control (RLC) protocol Data Unit (PDU) transmits a PDU.For example, can the size of Radio Link control (RLC) PDU be set according to the minimum possibility bit rate of the service that is used to use Radio Link to control (RLC).As below discussing,, when use is higher than any bit rate of lowest bit rate, during a Transmission Time Interval (TTI), can transmit several Radio Link control (RLC) PDU for variable rate services.RLC transmits entity and also carries out splicing.If the content of Radio Link control (RLC) service data unit (SDU) is not filled integer Radio Link control (RLC) PDU, then can be put into first section of next Radio Link control (RLC) SDU among Radio Link control (RLC) PDU, with the final stage splicing of previous RLC SDU.Typically, RLC transmits entity and also carries out the filling function.When remaining when the data that are transmitted are not filled whole Radio Link control (RLC) PDU to sizing, the remainder of that data field, available filling bit is full of.For example, according to the aspect of discussing below with reference to Figure 11-13 of the present invention, can be provided for reducing or eliminating the technology of employed loading.
The RLC receiving entity detects the repetition of Radio Link control (RLC) PDU that receives, and guarantees that the result among the higher level PDU is transmitted to the upper strata once.Rlc layer is also controlled PRLC and is transmitted the speed that entity can send to information the RLC receiving entity.
Fig. 5 A is the block diagram of explanation data-transmission mode of use in Radio Link control (RLC) layer of UMTS signaling protocol stack, the figure illustrates the possible mapping with respect to Access Layer of logic, transmission and physics UMTS channel.What those skilled in the art may appreciate that is, for given subscriber equipment (UE), all mappings will not necessarily be defined at synchronization, and a plurality of examples of some mappings can take place simultaneously.For example, audio call can use three Dedicated Traffic Channels (DTCH) logic channel that is mapped to three dedicated channels (DCH) transmission channel.And some channels that show among Fig. 5 such as CPICH, SCH, DPCCH, AICH and PICH, are present in the physical layer background, and do not transmit top signaling or user data.Can define the content of these channels at physical layer 120 (L1).
Each RLC example in Radio Link control (RLC) layer can be controlled (RRC) layer 160 by Radio Resource and be configured to, and operates in the pattern in following three kinds of patterns: transparent mode (TM), Unacknowledged Mode (UM) or affirmation mode (AM).Be discussed in more detail below them with reference to Fig. 5 B.Three kinds of data-transmission modes indicate the pattern that Radio Link control (RLC) is configured for logic channel.Transparent and Unacknowledged Mode RLC entity is defined by unidirectional, and the affirmation mode entity is two-way.Usually, for all RLC patterns, crc error detects and is performed on physical layer, and the result of CRC check, is transmitted to RLC together with real data.According to the particular requirement of each pattern, these patterns are carried out the some or all of functions of rlc layer 150, comprise segmentation, reorganization, splicing, filling, re-transmission control, current control, duplicate detection, transmission according to the order of sequence, error correction and encryption.Be described in greater detail below these functions with reference to Fig. 5 B and 5C.According to aspect this discussion of the present invention, can provide a kind of new Radio Link control (RLC) data-transmission mode.
The MAC layer also depends on the instantaneous source speed of logic channel, for each transmission channel is selected suitable transformat (TF).MAC layer 140 provides the processed of data flow by selecting " bit rate " and " low bit speed rate " transformat (TF) for different data flow.Packet switching (PS) data are paroxysmal inherently, and therefore the amount of the data that can be used for sending changes with the difference of frame.But as the more data time spent, MAC layer 140 can be selected in the high data rate more, yet but when signaling and user data time spent all, MAC layer 140 is selected between them, so that the amount maximum of the data that send from the higher priority channel.Can select transformat (TF) with respect to being controlled to be the transformat combination (TFC) that each connects definition by admittance.
Medium access control (MAC) layer is also carried out and is encrypted.Can encrypt each radio bearer respectively.The details of encrypting is described among the 3GPP TS 33.102.
In system such as WCDMA, have three types can be used for transmitting the transmission of packet data channel.These channels are usually said Common transport channel, dedicated transmission channel and shared transmission channels.In down link, the transmission channel grouped data is selected by packet scheduling algorithm.In up link, transmission channel is selected based on the parameter of packet scheduling algorithm setting by wheeled apparatus 10.
Common signal channel can be for example the Random Access Channel RACH in the up link and the forward access channel FACH in the down link.They all transmit signaling data and user data.Common signal channel has low settling time.Because common signal channel can be used for sending signal before connecting foundation, so can being used for sending at once, common signal channel divides into groups, and very not long settling time.Typically, there are several RACH or FACH in each sector.Common signal channel does not have feedback channel, therefore typically uses open Loop Power control or constant power.And common signal channel can not use soft handover.Therefore, the junctor level performance of common signal channel can be than the junctor level poor performance of dedicated channel, and can produce more the interference than dedicated channel.Therefore, common signal channel can be more suitable for transmitting little single grouping.The application of using in common signal channel will be the application such as Short Message Service and short text mail.Single request is sent to webpage, also meet very much the notion of common signal channel, but under the situation of larger data amount, the wireless performance that common signal channel is differed from.
Dedicated channel can be used fast power control and the soft handover characteristic of improving wireless performance, and typically, than common signal channel generation interference still less.Yet, set up dedicated channel than inserting common signal channel cost more time.Dedicated channel can have from the variable bit-rate of several kilobytes per seconds up to 2 megabyte per seconds.Because bit rate changes during the transmission, so must be according to bit rate allocation of downlink orthogonal code.Therefore, the variable bit-rate dedicated channel consumes valuable down link orthogonal code space.
Physical (L1) 120 is connected to MAC layer 140 by transmitting the transmission channel of signaling information and user data.Physical layer 120 by can by how transmission characteristic data and transmit the transmission channel which type of performance data characterizes, service is offered the MAC layer.
Physical (L1) 120 receives signaling and user data on the Radio Link by physical channel.Typically, physical (L1) is carried out multiplexing and is comprised chnnel coding, forward error correction (FEC), rate-matched, interlaced transmission channels data and the multiplexing transmission information channel data that CRC calculates, and other physical layer procedure, such as obtain, access, paging and Radio Link foundation/failure.Physical (L1) also can be responsible for spread spectrum and scrambling, modulation, measurement, transmission diversity, power weightings, handover, compact model and power control.
Fig. 5 B is the block diagram of the structure of display radio controlling links (RLC) layer.As mentioned above, each RLC entity in Radio Link control (RLC) layer 150 or example 152 can be controlled (RRC) layer 160 by Radio Resource and be configured to, and operate in the pattern in following three kinds of data-transmission modes: transparent mode (TM), Unacknowledged Mode (UM) or affirmation mode (AM).Service quality (OoS) is provided with the data-transmission mode that may command is used for user data.
TM is unidirectional, and comprises transmission TM entity 152A and receive TM entity 152B.In transparent mode, there is not agreement to be added in the higher-layer data in proper order.The protocol Data Unit of discardable mistake (PDU) or it is designated as wrong.Higher-layer data typically not by the situation of segmentation under, can use stream transmission,, can realize the transmission of limited segmentation/reorganization ability although under specific circumstances.When using segmentation/reorganization, can set up in the process at radio bearer and consult.
UM also is unidirectional, and comprises transmission UM entity 152C and receive UM entity 152D.UM RLC entity is defined as unidirectional, because do not need the contact between up link and the down link.Do not guarantee that in UM data transmit.UM can be used for for example certain RRC signaling procedure, and in this process, confirming and retransmitting is not the part of RRC process.Use the example of user's service of Unacknowledged Mode RLC to be, cell broadcast service and the voice by IP.According to configuration, but the misdata that mark receives or it is abandoned.Can use do not have the explicit signaling function based on the abandoning of timer, like this, can be simply the RLCPDU that transmits in can not be at the appointed time, from transmit buffer, remove.In non-affirmation data-transmission mode, the PDU structure comprises sequence number, and can carry out the sequence number verification.When the sequence number verification is controlled among (RLC) SDU by being recombined to Radio Link at Radio Link control (RLC) PDU, sequence number among verification Radio Link control (RLC) PDU, help to guarantee the integrality of the PDU that recombinates and the means that detect Radio Link control (RLC) SDU that damages are provided.Can abandon Radio Link control (RLC) SDU of any damage.In Unacknowledged Mode (UM), also can provide segmentation and splicing.
In affirmation mode, RLC AM entity is two-way, and can be the indication of Link State incidentally in reciprocal user data.Fig. 5 C shows the block diagram that is used to realize the entity of Radio Link control (RLC) affirmation mode (AM) entity and how can constructs AM PDU.From the packet (RLC SDU) that higher level receives, can and/or splice the protocol Data Unit (PDU) of 514 one-tenth regular lengths via AM-SAP by segmentation.The length of protocol Data Unit is the semi-static value that is determined in the foundation of radio bearer, and can reconfigure process change by the RRC radio bearer.In order to splice or to fill purpose, can the bit that be loaded with about length and extend information be inserted in the beginning part of last protocol Data Unit, perhaps comprise data from SDU.If several SDU can put into a PDU, then they can be spliced.Can insert suitable length indicator (LI) in the beginning part of PDU.Then, can be placed on PDU and transmit in the buffer 520, this transmission buffer is also safeguarded retransmission management.
Can construct PDU in the following way: get a PDU from transmitting buffer 520,,, then can add and fill field or interpolation status message incidentally if the data among the PDU are not full of whole RLC PDU for it adds the letter head.Status message incidentally can be from receiving terminal or from transmitting terminal, to indicate abandoning of RLCSDU.Letter head comprises RLC PDU sequence number (SN), can be used for from the poll bit (P) of peer-entities solicited status and optional length indicator (LI), if SDU splicing, filling or PDU have incidentally taken place in RLC PDU, then can use this length indicator.
Typically, affirmation mode (AM) is used for the service of packet type, downloads such as internet browsing and mail.In affirmation mode, repetitive requests (ARQ) mechanism can be used for error correction automatically.Any grouping with error code that receives can be retransmitted.The performance of the quality of RLC to postponing can be controlled by many re-transmissions that RLC provides by configuration by RRC.If RLC can not correctly transmit data, for example,, perhaps surpassed the re-transmission time if reached the maximum number of re-transmission, then notify the upper strata, and discardable this Radio Link control (RLC) SDU.Also can be by in status message, sending the movably receiving window order, come SDU abandon the operational notification peer-entities belong to the PDU that the Radio Link that is dropped is controlled (RLC) SDU so that receiver also removes all.
Both can be to transmit according to the order of sequence and also can be unordered (out-of-sequence) transmission configuration RLC.By transmitting according to the order of sequence, can keep the order of the PDU of higher level, and the in a single day complete higher level PDU that receives of unordered transmission just sends them.Rlc layer provides the transmission according to the order of sequence of higher level PDU.This function has kept the order of the submitted higher level PDU that transmits for RLC.If do not use this function, then can provide unordered transmission.Except data PDU transmitted, state and replacement control procedure can be sent with signal between reciprocity RLC entity.Control procedure even can use the logic channel that separates, like this, an AM RLC entity can use one or two logic channel.
In rlc layer, can be and confirm and non-affirmation RLC pattern execution encryption.In Fig. 5 C, except two front twos that comprise PDU sequence number and poll bit, AM RLC PDU encrypted 540.The PDU sequence number is an input parameter of cryptographic algorithm, and must be able to be read by peer-entities, encrypts to carry out.3GPP standard TS33.102 has described encryption.
Then, can be transmitted to MAC layer 140 to PDU via logic channel.In Fig. 5 C, extra logic channel (DCCH/DTCH) with dashed lines shows that explanation can become a RLC physical arrangements, uses different logic channels to send control PDU and data PDU.The receiving terminal 530 of AM entity receives RLC AMPDU by one in the logic channel from the MAC layer.The physical layer CRC that available energy is calculated on whole RLC PDU comes the verification error code.Actual CRC check can be carried out in physical layer, and the RLC entity result that receives CRC check together with whole letter the data after decrypted, and possible state information incidentally can be extracted from RLC PDU.If the PDU that receives is healthy and strong message, if perhaps state information is piggybacked in AM PDU, then can pass to transmitting terminal to control information (status message), the state information that the transmitting terminal contrast receives is checked its re-transmission buffer.PDU numbering from RLC letter head is used to decipher 550, and when storing into the PDU that encrypts in the reception buffer, the PDU sequence number also is used.In case all PDU that belong to complete SDU are in reception buffer the time, SDU just can recombinate.Although do not illustrate, before RLC SDU is sent to higher level, can be and transmit according to the order of sequence and duplicate detection execution verification.
When subscriber equipment (UE) or travelling carriage mobile between PTM transmission and point-to-point (PTP) transmission (or changing sub-district), RLC entity 152 is reinitialized.This is can cause any not fully up to expectationsly is arranged in the losing of data of Radio Link control (RLC) buffer.As mentioned above, when travelling carriage when a sub-district moves to another, or when in the transmission of Serving cell inner multimedia broadcasting and multicast services (MBMS) content when point-to-point (PTP) transmission mode becomes point-to-multipoint (PTM) transmission mode, problem may occur.
Expectation can be in the transition period between point-to-point (PTP) transmission and point-to-multipoint (PTM) transmission, or the conversion that takes place between different districts (for example, handover) during, keep the continuity of multimedia broadcasting and multicast services (MBMS), and expectation can be avoided the submission of duplicate message.For continuity that keeps the MBMS service and the submission of avoiding repetition message, layer 2150 data that should be able to rearrange from two streams.Thisly can not provide by physical layer synchronously, because internet destination may be different in each pattern.If below rlc layer 150, carry out forward error correction (FEC), as the situation among the 3GPP2, any transition period between point-to-multipoint (PTM) transmission and point-to-point (PTP) transmit and then in the reciprocal transition period, may obliterated data.In addition, this will require physical layer synchronization and share identical medium access control (MAC) between a plurality of sub-districts (for example, having public scheduling).Thereby this can cause problem in the inapplicable 3GPP2 of these supposition institutes.
Point-to-point (PTP) transmission
Suppose to use to have significant delay tolerance, then active data transmission mode is Radio Link control (RLC) affirmation mode (AM) for point-to-point (PTP) transmission.For example, RLC affirmation mode (AM) typically is used for the packet switched data transmission (PTP) on the dedicated logical channel.Operation in the affirmation pattern (AM) of RLC on dedicated logical channel.Shown in Fig. 5 A, upwards be used for the private subscribers business that a user serves at downlink side, can be sent out by the logic channel that is called Dedicated Traffic Channel (DTCH).
In affirmation mode (AM), if data have error code, then reverse link can be used for repeat requests.RLC transport service data unit (SDU), and by retransmitting the transmission that guarantees its peer-entities.If it is RLC can not correctly transmit data, then notified the user of the RLC of transmission end.Operation has higher power efficiency usually in RLC AM, and this is a cost to introduce additional delay.
Point-to-multipoint (PTM) transmission
CTCH Common Traffic Channel (CTCH) is the one-way channel that is present in the down link direction, and when information being sent to all terminals or specific one group of terminal, can use this CTCH Common Traffic Channel.These data-transmission modes all use the unidirectional common signal channel of not setting up reverse chain channel.
Expectation can provide the structure of a kind of permission MBMS service transparent switching between point-to-point (PTP) and point-to-multipoint (PTM) transmission mode.Obtain good performance during for the conversion between point-to-point (PTP) and point-to-multipoint (PTM) transmission mode, the structure that can provide a kind of permission to switch between different radio controlling links (RLC) pattern also is provided.This can help for example to reduce power requirement.
To aspect of the present invention be described according to shown and now with reference to the embodiment that Fig. 6 to 19 describes.These features by using new forward error correction (FEC) layer, especially can help to remain on the service continuity of these transition periods.
Fig. 6 is improved figure with UMTS protocol stack of forward error correction (FEC) layer that can operate in forward error correction (FECd) pattern and forward error correction (FECc) pattern.Radio Link control (RLC) entity 152 that forward error correction (FEC) layer allows lower floor at subscriber equipment (UE) when point-to-point (PTP) transmission becomes point-to-multipoint (PTM) transmission, become another kind of Radio Link control (RLC) data-transmission mode from a kind of Radio Link control (RLC) data-transmission mode, keep service continuity simultaneously.According to this embodiment, the FEC layer can be operated in first pattern (FECc) or second pattern (FECd).In an implementation, first pattern (FECc) can be used parity block, and second pattern (FECd) can be operated under the situation of not using parity block.Between FECd and FECc pattern, change to influence meeting more much lower than the influence that changes between the RLC pattern, and can be seamless, so that do not have loss of data in the transition period.
Forward error correction (FECc) pattern can use the external encode technology to protect user data.This can be effective especially on common signal channel.Forward error correction (FECc) pattern allows to have the function that typically exists in Unacknowledged Mode (UM) on Radio Link control (RLC) layer, adds such as framing (segmentation and splicing) and sequence number.As a result, Radio Link control (RLC) layer can use transparent mode (TM) for point-to-multipoint (PTM) transmission, because traditional Unacknowledged Mode (UM) function can be carried out at forward error correction (FEC) layer.Although can control at Radio Link in (RLC) affirmation mode (AM) and duplicate this function and since the gain compensation that ARQ produces this duplicating.
By forward error correction (FEC) layer or external encode are placed on Radio Link control (RLC) layer top, can be added in sequence number in the layer that is independent of Radio Link control (RLC).Additional overhead such as sequence number is used in non-affirmation transmission, can during the asynchronous transmission of MBMS data, be rearranged the have encoder packet protocol Data Unit (PDU) of (EP).Because sequence number is added in the layer of Radio Link control (RLC) top, so sequence number is public in point-to-point (PTP) transmission and point-to-multipoint (PTM) transmission, therefore when the conversion that is transferred to point-to-point (PTP) transmission from point-to-multipoint (PTM) takes place, can keep the continuity of sequence number.This allows data to be rearranged, so that can avoid the repetition of data and/or losing of data.
Also can in point-to-point (PTP) transmission, use external encode, the delay that this can obtain some power and/or reduce to retransmit for system potentially.Multimedia broadcasting and multicast services (MBMS) data can have delay tolerance to a certain degree.In point-to-point (PTP) transmission, provide feedback path.Owing to use ARQ to retransmit where necessary, make that the use of Radio Link control (RLC) affirmation mode (AM) is more effective, wherein ARQ retransmits more has wireless efficient than the FEC scheme that always sends the additional parity piece usually.Thereby on the dedicated logical channel of for example point-to-point (PTP), it is unnecessary that the MBMS payload data is added parity block.
Fig. 7 A and 7B have shown the embodiment of the protocol architecture of Access Layer, and this Access Layer comprises forward error correction (FEC) layer 157 that places Radio Link control (RLC) layer 150 top.An embodiment of forward error correction (FEC) layer is described with reference to Figure 11.
Forward error correction (FEC) layer 157 directly receives user plane information 163 by User Plane Radio Bearers.Because forward error correction (FEC) layer is positioned at the top of Radio Link control (RLC) layer, so FEC protocol Data Unit (PDU) is corresponding to RLC service data unit (SDU).The FEC layer is preferably supported: arbitrarily (be restricted to 8 bits many times) SDU size, variable bit rate source, unordered reception are from the grouping of low layer with receive repeated packets from low layer.Can be restricted to many times of 8 bits to the size of FEC PDU.
As reference Fig. 9 A below in greater detail, FEC layer 157 is the higher level user data blocks such as SDU, segmentation and be spliced into the row of equal sizes.Also can call internal block to every row.Each protocol Data Unit (PDU) can comprise expense.Expense can comprise length indicator (LI), and this length indicator indicates the original position of last protocol Data Unit (PDU), from the data of specific user's data block, such as service data unit (SDU), can be positioned like this.The set of PDU comprises encoder packet (EP) or " encoder matrix ".Be included in the numbering of the PDU in the encoder packet (EP), especially depend on the external code that is used.Each encoder " matrix " row is bundled to independently or independent Transmission Time Interval (TTI) in, can strengthen the physical layer performance.In order to reduce the buffering burden, can use short Transmission Time Interval (TTI) duration.
Then, can transmit encoder packet (EP), generate parity rows by the external code encoder.As following with reference to Fig. 9 A in greater detail, FEC layer 157 can be carried out external encode by the function that Reed Solomon (RS) encoder is provided in UMTS Terrestrial radio access network (UTRAN) 20, and can be by providing the function of ReedSolomon decoder to carry out external decoder in subscriber equipment (UE) 10.
Can the parity rows that external encoder generates be added on the encoder packet (EP), and can place it in the transmission buffer as one group of internal block.Each internal block has the information that adds thereon, to generate protocol Data Unit (PDU).Can transmit this group PDU then.
FEC layer 157 also allows to recover to belong to the data of single EP, even receive different internal blocks from different sub-districts.This can obtain by transmit sequence number (SN) in the letter head of each protocol Data Unit (PDU).In one embodiment, System Frame Number (SFN) can help to keep the arrangement of data with respect to encoder packet (EP).For example run through this piece document, discuss sequence number in more detail with reference to Figure 10 A and 10B.
FEC layer 157 is also carried out and is filled and reorganization; The transmission of user data; And the transmission according to the order of sequence of execution upper strata PDU, duplicate detection and sequence number check.
Among the embodiment that in Fig. 6 to 7A, shows, forward error correction (FEC) layer 157 (for example is displayed between PDCP (PDCP) layer 156 and Radio Link control (RLC) layer 150, with (BMC) layer at same one deck, and in PDCP (PDCP) layer below).By forward error correction (FEC) layer 157 just being placed Radio Link control (RLC) layer 150 top, performance that can the optimization external code, size is complementary because internal block size and " gold " by the aerial grouping that sends divide into groups.Yet, it should be understood that to show forward error correction (FEC) layer here, only be purpose in order to illustrate rather than to limit.Can on the top of forward error correction (FEC) layer 157, use PDCP (PDCP) layer 156, to use its letter compressed capability.It should be noted, for point-to-point (PTP) transmission of using dedicated logical channel defines current grouped data convergence protocol (PDCP) layer 156.Shown in Fig. 7 B, can control any position in the Access Layer of (RLC) layer top at Radio Link or forward error correction (FEC) layer is provided in application layer.Forward error correction (FEC) layer can be in the below or the top of PDCP (PDCP) layer.If carry out FEC, then can be applied to it in the same manner among GSM and the WCDMA, even " gold " grouping size will be different for these two in application layer 80.
The external code design
New forward error correction (FEC) layer can be carried out the external encode about user plane information.Fig. 8 is display message piece 91 and external code piece 95 figure with explanation external code block structured notion.Fig. 9 A shows the figure that how can be applied to the external code block structure example in multimedia broadcasting and multicast services (MBMS) data 91.When the content that postpones was tolerated in broadcasting on whole sub-district, external encode can improve the physical layer performance.External code can for example help to avoid in the transition period during the inter-cell transitions and between point-to-point (PTP) transmission mode and point-to-multipoint (PTM) transmission mode, the losing of data.
Fig. 9 A has shown the schematic external code structure that is commonly referred to as Reed-Solomon (RS) block code.Reed-Solomon (RS) code can be used for detecting and correcting channel error code.The external code that shows among Fig. 9 A is that (wherein each Reed-Solomon (RS) code sign comprises the information of a byte by the row and column definition for n, k) block code in system.Every row comprise Reed-Solomon (RS) code word.If will recover n the piece of losing, then need n parity block at least.Thereby needed memory space increases with the increase of parity block number.In Reed-Solomon (RS) coding, can be added to N-k parity character on k the system symbol, with generated codeword.In other words, the code word [N, k] of Reed-Solomon (RS) code has k information or " system " symbol and N-k parity character.N is the length of code, and k is the dimension of code.For every k information byte, code generates the symbol of n coding, and its preceding k can be identical with information symbol.Can call " internal block " to every row, it represents the payload of every Transmission Time Interval (TTI).In the WCDMA of routine system, transmission can be undertaken by the basic WCDMA structure of for example 20ms frame (TTI).The generator matrix G that uses as give a definition
K * N, can obtain parity character from system symbol:
m
1 * kG
K * N=c
1 * N(equation 1)
m
1 * k=information word=[m
0m
1... m
K-1] (equation 2)
c
1 * N=code word=[c
0c
1... c
N-1] (equation 3)
M wherein
i, c
iBelong to any Galois territory.For example, if the symbol of Reed-Solomon (RS) code word is a bit, then will use the Galois territory (GF (2)) of 2 dimensions to describe decode operation.In one embodiment, if symbol is an eight bit byte, then can use the Galois territory GF (256) of 256 dimensions to describe decode operation.In this case, each information of every row is listed as by 1 byte and forms.Can go up at the Galois territory GF (256) of 256 dimensions and use [N, k] Reed-Solomon (RS) code each information row coding.If every row has the M byte, then external block is encoded M time.Therefore, each external block 95 has the N*M byte.
The deletion decoding
The external code structure allows deletion to correct.If which symbol decoder has known is wrong, then re-constructing wrong system symbol needs relatively little amount of calculation.Encoder packet (EP) or matrix refer to the externally whole set of the data of the output of encoder.To being removed from every row, and the every row that is transmitted has attached CRC thereon to redundant information according to row, and this CRC must correctly be sent with the affirmation data in verification.Under the situation of MBMS transmission, can in each transport channel block, use CRC, whether this CRC indication internal block 91 is wrong, and if the CRC failure, can suppose that then all symbols in the piece are wrong.In one embodiment, if given internal block is wrong, then can delete all bits that are used for this piece.Term " deletion " refers to each symbol of the erroneous block that belongs to the CRC failure.Can suppose that it is correct not having the symbol of deletion.Ignore CRC and do not detect wrong probability, then each N * 1 row comprise correct and symbol deletion.
The vectorial r that receives can be written as:
r
1 * N=[c
0E e c
3c
4E c
6c
8... c
N-1] (equation 4)
Wherein e sign deletion.
The deletion decoding allows to correct and is up to N-k mismark.Because can not have the deletion symbol be assumed to correct, so the error-correcting performance of RS sign indicating number is more much better than the error-correcting performance of typical R S sign indicating number usually.The size of the CRC that uses in each internal block should be enough big, is no more than remaining external block probability with the probability of guaranteeing undetected error code.For example, if use 16 CRC in internal block, the lower limit of the then remaining external block error rate will be 2
-16=1.510
-5If in a preceding k internal block, do not have error code, then do not need to carry out the RS decoding, because system symbol is identical with information symbol.
What can notice is in case receive the k piece with good CRC, just can carry out the decoding of external block, and not need to wait for the reception of all N internal block.In order to carry out deletion decoding, can be by removing all and deletion or the unnecessary corresponding row of piece, from generator matrix G
K * NThe generator matrix Ω that is improved
K * k, for example, k the good symbol that receives comes the generator matrix Ω of identification improvement before can only using
K * kAvailable following mode is recovered source information word m:
m
1 * k=[Ω
K * k]
-1R '
1 * k(equation 5)
R ' wherein
1 * kBe k vector that good symbol obtains before the improved usefulness that receives.Thereby the deletion complexity of decoding can be reduced to the complexity of k * k matrix inversion.Therefore, the computation complexity of RS decoding can be greatly simplified in the use of RS deletion decoding.
Packing data is to the external code Effect on Performance
With reference to Figure 11-13 discussion, if limited by the particular outer encoding scheme by the amount of aerial filling that sends and expense, then external encode can use jointly with the variable-speed data source, and does not cause excessive expense as following.In the above in the external code scheme of Tao Luning, can become piece to packing data, and can on these pieces, operate the ReedSolomon sign indicating number that shortens to sizing.Available at least two kinds of different modes of describing with reference to Fig. 9 A and 9B are bundled to the grouped data of coding among the TTI.
Fig. 9 B is the external code block structured figure of displayed map 9A, and wherein every Transmission Time Interval (TTI) can send multirow.According to a further aspect in the invention, the data from delegation are transmitted in single TTI.In another embodiment, the data of going from an encoder packet (EP) are placed among the TTI, so that each TTI comprises the data from that encoder packet (EP) row.Thereby, can in independent WCDMA frame or Transmission Time Interval (TTI), transmit every row.In a TTI, transmit and whenever be about to provide more performance.In Fig. 9 B, k and n are divided by the line number of every TTI, and the error code in the row can all be associated.When checking the EP error rate and the TTI error rate, this can produce tangible difference.
Fig. 9 C is the outside block structured figure of displayed map 9A, and wherein every row can be sent out in a plurality of TTI.Illustrate the every row that in four TTI (TTI0-TTI3), has sent encoder packet (EP) though it should be understood that Fig. 9 C, in fact can in the TTI of arbitrary number, send every row.Because every row are external code code words, so each " stage " in four different transmission " stage " (TTI0-TTI3) is equivalent to independently external code.In order to recover whole group, all these independently external codes are necessary correctly to decode.
Figure 10 A and 10B are the figure that shows the external code piece that is generated by the forward error correction layer.
The FECc pattern can be used on public or point-to-multipoint (PTM) logic channel, to construct external condition piece 95 on the MBMS payload data 91 by parity rows or piece 93 are added to.Each external block 95 comprises a plurality of internal blocks 91,93.The order of sign internal block and they can allow each available internal block is placed on the correct position, so that can correctly carry out external decoder with respect to the position of encoder packet.In one embodiment, each internal block comprises the letter 94 that identifies internal block by internal block numbering m and external block numbering n.For example, external block n comprises having m inner multimedia broadcasting and the data division 91 of multicast services (MBMS) payload block and the redundancy section 93 with the individual inner parity block of M-(m+1).According to this embodiment, can be MBMS optimization serial number space, and available many different sequence numbers define serial number space, for example, 0 to 127.Serial number space should be enough big, so that behind the reception gap that the conversion by any kind of causes, identical sequence number can not occur.Even some pieces are lost, receive the order that UE also should be able to determine internal block.If the internal block that UE loses is than can be many by the internal block of whole serial number space sign, then UE can not correctly resequence to internal block.The sequence number of same internal block is identical for the FECd piece with the FECc piece.The FECd piece does not comprise the redundancy section 93 that uses in the FECc piece.The FECd entity can use identical aerial bit rate with the FECc entity.
The transmission end
Transmit forward error correction (FEC) entity 410 and comprise service data unit (SDU) buffer 412 that is used to receive SDU, segmentation and concatenation unit 414, carry out the external encoder 416 of Reed Solomon (RS) coding, sequence number is added to the sequence number maker 418 on the PDU that is encoded, transmit transmission buffer 420 and the scheduling unit 422 of PDU by logic channel 406.
As the arrow indication, service data unit (SDU) buffer 412 is with the user data (FEC SDU) on the form reception radio bearer 402 of service data unit (SDU), and storage is from the FEC SDU of higher level.Reception buffer 412 is given scheduling unit 422 transmitting how many data communication.
As discussed above, typically, filling the time quantum that encoder packet (EP) spent will change, because source data rate normally changes.As reference Figure 13 explanation,, can improve frame and be full of efficient by determining when begin packing data neatly.By postponing the generation of EP as far as possible, the loading that can reduce to introduce based on the jitter toleration that receives FEC entity 430.
Scheduling entity 422 can determine when to begin coding.Scheduler program 422 is preferably based on the Qos strategy that is used for that special services, how long determines to wait for possibly before grouping need be sent out.In case scheduler program 422 is determined to have accumulated enough data, or has exhausted acceptable largest packet propagation delay, scheduler program 422 just triggers the generation of encoder packet (EP) 91.Segmentation and concatenation unit 414 are divided into each row to service data unit (SDU), and generate length indicator (LI).
Scheduling unit 422 preferably determines the optimum line number of EP or protocol Data Unit (PDU), so that SDU can install in the row (for example 12 row) of this number just.Alternatively, scheduler program 422 from those sizes by RRC configuration, the FEC PDU size that selection will cause minimum to fill, and Qing Qiufenduan ﹠amp; Splicing function 414 is formatted into size to SDU and is the k piece of PDU_size-FEC_Header_size.This format can change.With reference to Figure 12-13 dissimilar formative examples is discussed below.The data total amount of considering should comprise the expense that adds by splicing and fragmentation feature 414.In order to generate encoder packet (EP), scheduler program 422 request splicings and fragmentation feature 414 generate k that big or small PDU.This big small-scale comprises shuffling information.In one embodiment, PDU can have many times size of 8 bits, and the data of continuous P DU are corresponding with the distinct symbols in the code word.
Then, k PDU piece can be by carrying out the external encoder 416 of Reed Solomon (RS) coding.External encoder 416 comes the data in encoder packet (EP) matrix are encoded by generating redundancy or parity information and redundancy or parity information being appended in encoder packet (EP) matrix to generate the external code piece.In one embodiment, can suppose that external code is (n, n-k parity block of k) deletion decoding block code, and external encoder generation.Encoder is carried out coding on the capable information of the k of equal length, and sends it low sublayer n protocol Data Unit (PDU) of identical size to.It is identical that preceding k piece and its receive, and an ensuing n-k piece is corresponding to parity information.
Scheduler program 422 is gone back the relative timing that Looking Out Time is aimed at or PTM flows, and carries out transmission to adjust the aligning of Different Logic stream.For example, during reconfiguring, can adjust the time alignment between PTP and the PTM logic flow, to help service continuity.When these streams are synchronous fully, can obtain optimum performance.
Identical content stream is transmitted in different base station (or different transmission mode PTP, point-to-multipoint (PTM)), but these streams may be out-of-alignment.But the encoder packet of event data stream (EP) form is identical, and then the information on each stream is identical.Subscriber equipment (UE) each external block added sequence number allows subscriber equipment (UE) to make up this two streams, because can be known the relation between these two streams.
Sequence number maker 418 usefulness with in encoder 416 with generating the identical order of order of PDU, sequence number is added on the front of each piece.In one embodiment, the sequence number maker is added in the front of each external code piece to for example sequence number of 8 bits, to generate PDU.Also can be added to additional overhead information in the external code piece.Serial number space should be enough big, to hold the time difference (time-difference) of the worst condition between these streams.Therefore, in another embodiment, can use 20 serial number space, in each letter head, can keep 5 bits at least and be used for sequence number.After having carried out Reed Solomon (RS) coding, can append to this letter head in the external code piece, so this " outside " letter head is not subjected to the protection of external block.Also be preferably parity block and add sequence number, even can not transmit them.In one embodiment, the sequence number phase place can with the encoder packet boundary alignment.The upset of sequence number will be corresponding to the reception of new encoder grouping.
Forward error correction (FEC) letter form
As mentioned above, comprise by introducing the sequence number of the information relevant obtaining the synchronous of data flow with PDU ordering.Except that rearrangement and duplicate detection, sequence number allows to be rearranged from the data that are included in the source separately in the encoder packet.This sequence number can identify the order that each grouping should be considered clearly.This sequence number can be formed " FEC head ", should " FEC head " can be affixed to information payload unit (PDU) and parity block simultaneously after coding is performed.This sequence number should not be subjected to external code protection, because it need be used for decoding.
Figure 14 is the figure of the embodiment of forward error correction (FEC) form.Arrangement for the ease of data with encoder packet (EP), divisible sequence number is to comprise reserve part (R) 402, the encoder packet (EP) of sign EP is inner encoder grouping (IEPSN) 406 of (EPSN) and the sign position of specific internal piece in encoder packet partly.
Expectation FEC layer 400 can be operated between all Radio Link control (RLC) patterns.Because Radio Link control (RLC) AM and Radio Link control (RLC) UM require service data unit (SDU) to have many times size of 8 bits, expectation FEC layer 400 also meets this requirement.Because the external code that is used for FEC layer 400 is with the data recruitment operation of byte-sized, so also to need be the integral words joint to the size of encoder packet (EP) row.Therefore, the FEC head size 401 that is used for FEC protocol Data Unit (PDU) size also should be many times of 8 bits, accepts so that can be controlled (RLC) by Radio Link.In one embodiment, forward error correction (FEC) letter 401 can be a byte, reserve part (R) 402 comprises individual bit, and the part (EPSN) 404 of sign EP comprises 3 bits, and IEP part (IEPSN) 406 of the position of sign PDU in encoder packet comprises 4 bits.In this embodiment, used 8 bit sequence, will send a PDU, and surpassed 100ms because do not expect the transmission drift regularly of different districts because expect each TTI.
Transmit buffer 420 storage PDU up to having accumulated frame data.When PDU is requested, transmit buffer 420 and pass through wave point (Uu) via logic channel, frame is sent to the MAC layer one by one.The MAC layer is delivered to physical layer to PDU via transmission channel then, and in physical layer, PDU can finally be delivered to UE 10.
Receiving terminal
Still with reference to Figure 11, receive forward error correction (FEC) entity 430 and comprise reception buffer/rearrangement/repetition detection unit 438, sequence number clearing cell 436 is carried out the outer decoder 434 that Reed Solomon (RS) decodes, and recomposition unit/service data unit (SDU) transmits buffer 432.
The information row of EP matrix is corresponding to PDU.In order to support external encode, received forward error correction (FEC) entity 430 before triggering external decoder, the sequence number of accumulation FEC PDU.In order to obtain continuous reception, although the needs that have pair encoder packet to decode, subscriber equipment (UE) cushions the protocol Data Unit (PDU) that arrives when carrying out decoding.
Receiving whole encoder grouping (EP) before, or thinking at (unshowned) scheduling unit and to die on before the re-transmission of encoder packet (EP) that reception buffer 438 can accumulate PDU.In case decision will can not receive data again for given encoder packet, just can be designated deletion to the PDU that loses.In other words, in decoding processing, the PDU by the CRC check will not replaced by deletion.
Owing to may lose some pieces during the transmission, and also because different data flow may have different delays, so receive forward error correction (FEC) entity 430 in reception buffer/rearrangement/repetition detection unit 438, carry out duplicate detection and may carry out rearrangement to the piece that receives.Can in each FEC protocol Data Unit (PDU), use sequence number, with auxiliary rearrangement/duplicate detection.Can in reception buffer 438, use sequence number, so that the unordered data that receive are resequenced.The PDU in case resequenced, repetition detection unit just based on their sequence number, detects the repetition PDU in the encoder packet (EP), and removes any repetition.
Then, can remove these sequence numbers.Sequence number clearing cell 436 is removed sequence number from encoder packet (EP), because sequence number cannot be a part that sends to the piece of Reed Solomon (RS) decoder.
Can pass to external decoder function 434 to data then, with the information of recovering to lose.Outer decoder 434 received code devices groupings (EP), and if necessary, Reed Solomon (RS) uses parity information that encoder packet (EP) is decoded, with row any mistake of regenerating or that lose.For example, if all k the protocol Data Units (PDU) that comprise information are not correctly received, or the PDU that is less than k among n PDU is not correctly received, then, can carry out the information PDU of external decoder then to recover to lose for the protocol Data Unit (PDU) of the size of as many as odd even PDU.No matter when carry out external decoder, can obtain at least one odd even PDU at receiver.Correctly received if all k comprise the protocol Data Units (PDU) of information, the PDU that perhaps is less than k among n PDU is correctly received, and then decoding there is no need.Can send recombination function 432 to message protocol data unit (PDU) to then.
Whether successfully irrelevant with external decoder, can send information row to recomposition unit/function 432 subsequently.Recomposition unit 432 is used length indicators (LI), recombinates or re-constructs SDU from the information row of encoder packet (EP) matrix.In case SDU is successfully put together, service data unit (SDU) transmits buffer 432 just by radio bearer 440 transport service data units (SDU), so that SDU is sent to higher level.
Receiving forward error correction (FEC) entity 430 places, UE can the permission system be made full use of the time migration between the decoding delay Different Logic stream owing to the unordered reception that lacks the data that may exist that cause synchronously between the logic flow.This makes service steadily during the handover and the transition period between PTP and PTM.Discuss with reference to Figure 15 and to be used to make the UE can be the algorithm of the time migration between the decoding delay Different Logic stream.
Encoder packet (EP) option: fixing or variable row is big or small
FEC or external code entity have flexibility for when constructing protocol Data Unit (PDU), because do not need to send continuously protocol Data Unit (PDU) at each Transmission Time Interval (TTI).This can cause better frame to fill up (frame-fill) efficient and littler filling (padding) expense.
If needed, the external code entity can generate payload at each Transmission Time Interval (TTI).Can construct protocol Data Unit (PDU) in real time, because can receive service data unit (SDU) from higher level.If there are not enough data configuration protocol Data Units (PDU), then RLC can add filling.
The encoder packet (EP) of fixing row size
When decoding SDU 201-204, expectation reduces the amount of the filling that will be transmitted as far as possible.
In one embodiment, the capable size of encoder packet (EP) matrix 205 can be a fixed size.The priori of encoder packet (EP) matrix 205 row sizes can allow data arrangement is returned their original configurations.Because the capable size of the SDU 201-204 that is sent out is known in advance, thus can begin to transmit once receiving data, and do not need to wait for to have checked that how many data will be sent out.
Figure 12 A has shown the example that is used for generating from data cell 201-204 the decoding processing of external code piece 214, and wherein the capable size of external code piece 214 can be fixed.In this example, user data adopts the form of a plurality of service data units (SDU) 201-204 of the bit block that comprises any size, and wherein the size of bit block depends on application-specific (video, voice etc.).
In order to transmit the FEC SDU of size arbitrarily, can carry out segmentation, splicing and filling in the FEC level.Although splicing is not strict necessary, lack the remarkable decline that it can cause the higher-layer data throughput.
Higher level SDU 201-204 can at first be formatted into fixing PDU size.In this embodiment, segmentation/splicing function generates the internal block that can be instructed to the fixed size of subscriber unit.In step 220, this group internal block can be by segmentation and splicing, to become the part of encoder packet matrix 205, this encoder packet matrix 205 comprises internal block, the filling 208 of necessary degree, and length indicator (LI) 206, this length indicator 206 can be used for finishing at the given row of EP by indicating how many SDU, points out the end position of service data unit (SDU) 201-204.The external encoder of discussing below uses these internal blocks to generate redundant block.
In Radio Link control (RLC), length indicator (LI) indicates the end position of each service data unit (SDU), and wherein each service data unit is identified with respect to protocol Data Unit (PDU) rather than service data unit (SDU).This helps to reduce expense, because the PDU size is usually less than the size of service data unit (SDU).For example, length indicator (LI) can be used for indicating last eight bit byte of each the FEC service data unit (SDU) that finishes in payload data unit (PDU).Can be set as " length indicator ", at the terminal of FEC head be up to the quantity of the eight bit byte between last eight bit byte of FEC SDU section.Length indicator (LI) can be included among the PDU of this length indicator (LI) indication fully.In other words, length indicator (LI) preferably refers to same payload data unit (PDU), and preferably the order with the FECSDU of this length indicator (LI) indication is identical
When receiving external block, can use information such as length indicator (LI), allow receiver know service data unit (SDU) and/or the position of filling beginning and finishing.
Because the existence that can not come indicating length designator (LI) in the FEC head with 1 bit, so the FEC layer adds the fixing head of the existence of indicating length designator (LI) in payload.Inner head or LI provide needed all information of SDU 201-204 that re-construct.LI can be included among the RLC-PDU of its indication.The existence of the one LI can be indicated by the label in the sequence number head that is included in RLC-PDU.Bit among each LI can be used for indicating its expansion.For the length that allows length indicator (LI) size with FEC PDU changes, the length indicator (LI) that can be a byte is introduced new particular value, lacks a byte with the SDU that indicates previous end and fills last PDU.Length indicator (LI) exists bit to realize in various manners, and wherein two kinds are discussed below.
In one embodiment, can in each protocol Data Unit (PDU), provide length indicator (LI) to have bit.For example, can add a byte at the beginning part of each encoder packet (EP) row, and the existence of the indication of the bit in that byte LI.Can be whole first byte that " there is bit in this " and keeps each protocol Data Unit (PDU).Have bit in order to hold this, the length indicator data can shorten a bit.In each small units (PDU), provide to have bit, allow decoding SDU when EP decoding failure even when a PDU loses.This can cause lower residual BER.In each PDU, provide to have bit, also allow real-time splicing/segmentation.
In another embodiment, can in a PDU, provide length indicator (LI) to have bit.Replacement is added in the beginning part of each PDU to expense, but can be added in the beginning part of first PDU of EP to the bit that exists that is used for all k information PDU.Provide at the beginning part of encoder packet (EP) to have bit, cause the littler expense when having big SDU and/or little PDU.
After segmentation and splicing, EP 205 comprises the row that many at least one and filling blocks by among a plurality of service data units (SDU) 201-204 occupy.Every row can design the row size of external block, so that can be transmitted with peak data rate during a Transmission Time Interval (TTI).Service data unit (SDU) with the data volume that sends during Transmission Time Interval (TTI) can not be arranged usually embarks on journey.Therefore, as shown in figure 11, the second and the 4th SDU 202,204 is not suitable for the Transmission Time Interval (TTI) of first and second row of EP respectively.In this example, EP has 12 row and can be used for data, and can be grouped into four SDU 201-204 in the first three rows of these 12 row.EP 205 remaining row can be occupied by filling block 208.Like this, can cut apart the 2nd SDU 202, so that the first of second service data unit (SDU) 202 begins at first row of " block of information ", and the second portion of the 2nd SDU 202 finishes in second row.Similarly, Three S's DU must be cut apart, so that the first of the 3rd service data unit (SDU) 203 begins at second row, and the second portion of Three S's DU 203 finishes in the third line.The 4th service data unit (SDU) 204 is contained in the third line, and the remainder of the third line can be full of with filling block 208.In this example, encoder packet (EP) 213 is mainly formed by filling 208.
Encoder uses EP to generate redundancy or parity information.At step S240, encoder is to encoding by adding the intermediate packets matrix 205 that outside parity block 214 is encoded, and is 16 external code piece 213 to generate length.Encoder extracts 8 Bit datas from every row of each piece, to generate resulting data 210.Reed Solomon (RS) encoder is to resulting data 210 codings, to obtain four lines redundancy or parity information 212.Parity information 212 can be used for generating outside parity block 214, and outside parity block 214 can be affixed to EP matrix 205 to generate 16 external code pieces 213.
Figure 12 B has shown the example that passes through the aerial information that transmits in the above in the example of discussing.At step S260, after the additional overhead that comprises sequence number was added to every row of EP 205,16 external code pieces 213 can be used as protocol Data Unit (PDU) 214, by being transmitted in the air.All or in the protocol Data Unit (PDU) 214 that on down link, do not send of whole encoder grouping (EP) 213 matrixes be transmitted.But protocol Data Unit (PDU) comprises the length indicator (LI) 206 of information bit 201-204 and encoder packet (EP) matrix 213.Because the capable size of encoder packet (EP) 213 is fixed, so this is known at receiver, so there is no need by transmitting filling 208 in the air practically.Filling information 208 does not transmit on down link, because the filling value is known, therefore there is no need to transmit filling information 208.For example, if fill and can form by known bit sequence, such as by complete 0, complete 1 or the bit sequence of 0 and 1 alternating structure form, then receiver can be the highest the divide into groups line lengths of (EP) 213 of standard coders that are filled into of protocol Data Unit (PDU) 214.Therefore, during transmitting, replace selecting to equal the PDU size of the capable size of EP, can use the obtainable minimum EP size that transmits all information bit 201-204 and reorganization expense 206 (for example LI).
Although encoder matrix row size is fixed, when each transmission, can from given set, select FEC PDU size, so that each FEC PDU comprises all message parts of single encoded device row matrix (filling can be excluded).When receiving size less than the PDU of encoder matrix row size, UE can be with the highest that size that is filled into of known bits sequence.This allows the internal block size to be maintained fixed, and does not increase the load of air interface.Therefore, use the big or small encoder packet (EP) 213 of fixing row can eliminate and to wait for the obtainable necessity of all data before always, can also eliminate sending the necessity of filling at beginning transport protocol data unit (PDU).
If the algorithm above realizing is handled variable rate transmission, then can use the speed equalization scheme, all encoder packet row matrixs have constant size in the speed equalization scheme.When part PDU has been formed in filling, can use littler PDU.Filling can be made up of specific bit sequence, and can be positioned at the end of data just.At receiver, the big I of the piece that receives from low layer equals baseline (base-line) size by additional filling the endways.
If predetermined bit sequence can be used for filling, then this is not filled and transmits by aerial.Receiver does not need to know actual encoder packet row size, unless receiver need carry out external decoder.Basic SDU reorganization does not need to know the loading at the PDU end.If receive all PDU that comprise from the information of a preceding k encoder packet (EP) row, then external decoder is unnecessary.On the contrary, if at least one PDU that comprises from the information of a preceding k encoder packet (EP) row has been lost, then need at least one to comprise PDU from the data of parity rows.Owing to do not fill parity rows usually, size can be used as the reference of the actual coding device grouping size of needs supposition.
The encoder packet of variable row size (EP)
Figure 13 has shown the encoding process that is used to generate the external code piece 313 with variable row size.
This aspect of the present invention relates to the coding of external block flexibly of the data that transmit by air interface.This encoding process causes still less filling being transmitted, and is full of efficient so that increase frame.The row of encoder packet (EP) 305 can be a variable-size, and can send the external block of different sizes at each Transmission Time Interval (TTI).The row size of encoder packet (EP) 305 preferably changes, in the number row of encoder packet (EP) matrix 305 so that SDU packs into just (for example 12 row).In this embodiment, the FEC layer must wait for that all data can get before structure EP, so that the FEC layer can be determined best row size.The big I of row is selected from many different sizes based on the data volume that can get, and fills with restriction.The capable size of encoder packet (EP) can be linked to the set of the PDU size that disposes into S-CCPCH.According to the data volume that when encoder packet 305 needs are generated, can get, can select to cause minimum row size of filling.Size by reducing external block 313 can send data with the transmission rate that reduces so that the block size in every frame can be littler, because send still less data in the duration at identical TTI.Use the encoder packet (EP) 305 of variable row size, help to stablize power requirement, and use parity overhead 314 still less the transmission of being useful on encoder packet (EP).To point-to-multipoint (PTM) transmission of great use, in the WCDMA system, it is variable that the wireless protocols of lower floor allows the size of the transmission block of transmission in each Transmission Time Interval (TTI) to this embodiment in such as the system of WCDMA.
In step 320, sectional and splicing a plurality of service data units (SDU) 201-204, to generate encoder packet (EP) matrix 305, wherein length indicator (LI) 206 can be used for pointing out the end position of service data unit (SDU) 201-204.Length indicator (LI) can be included in last column, and each service data unit (SDU) terminates in last column.
In step 330, by extract 8 Bit datas from each data block, redundancy or parity information are generated by row ground, and resulting data 310 can be sent to Reed Solomon (RS) encoder, to obtain parity information 312.Because the row of encoder packet (EP) matrix 305 is littler, so can generate redundant information still less.
In step 340, coding is proceeded, because parity information 312 is used to generate outside parity block 314, outside parity block 314 can be affixed to 12 block encoders grouping (EP) matrix 305, is 16 external code piece thereby be created on length in this example.This embodiment has avoided the transmission of filling, and this has improved transmission efficiency, because whole external code piece 313 is occupied by SDU, length indicator (LI) 206 and/or redundant information 314.In this particular instance, do not need to fill.Yet, it should be understood that in some cases, because the number that is configured size of PDU will be limited, and can need some fillings, though will reduce loading.This causes higher frame to be full of efficient, and can allow to stride across whole encoder grouping (EP) and keep more constant power.This expects in the cdma system that uses power control scheme.
Although not shown, will carry out with being similar to the above mode of discussing about the step S260 of Figure 12 by the transmission of aerial PDU.
The external encode of RLC Unacknowledged Mode (the UM)+entity (RLC UM+) that provides on Radio Link control (RLC) layer or the embodiment of forward error correction (FEC) layer 400 are provided Figure 11.Here, the FEC layer that is positioned at Radio Link control (RLC) top is carried out framing.
External encode layer 400 comprises transmission forward error correction (FEC) entity 410, and it is communicated by letter with reception forward error correction (FEC) entity 430 via logic channel 406 by wave point (Uu) 404.
Rearrangement/duplicate detection
Figure 15 is used to make the travelling carriage 10 can be the rearrangement agreement or the algorithm of the time migration between the decoding delay Different Logic stream.
Receiving forward error correction (FEC) entity 430 uses sequence number to determine the position of the given PDU in the EP matrix.For example, the position of a part of sequence number (PSN) identification PDU in encoder packet (EP).
This algorithm supposition before decoding can be activated, receives the data from two encoder packet (EP) at the most.In the following description, encoder packet (EPd) is to want decoded encoder packet (EP) according to order is next, and encoder packet (EPb) is the encoder packet (EP) that just is being cushioned.Encoder packet (EPb) is followed in encoder packet (EPd) afterwards.Need the full encoder packet delivery time to carry out the UE implementation of RS decoding, needs are carried out double buffering, so that can decode grouping continuously.Therefore, the row of the largest amount of n+k at least of UE storage coder matrix (k and n are respectively the number of information row and the total line number that comprises parity rows).UE with faster Decode engine can reduce this requirement, although be not less than n+1.For example, if having to exceed based on its decoding capability, UE receives the required a certain amount of buffer space (XtraBffr) of grouping continuously, if and the stream of supposition 64kbps, then at following decoding delay 100ms of the situation that does not increase calculation requirement, will require increases by 800 bytes with buffer sizes.
At frame 1410, can determine whether to receive new forward error correction (FEC) protocol Data Unit (PDU).If do not receive new forward error correction (FEC) protocol Data Unit (PDU), then handle at frame 1410 and restart.If received new forward error correction (FEC) protocol Data Unit (PDU),, can determine whether new forward error correction (FEC) protocol Data Unit (PDU) belongs to according to order decoded next encoder packet (EPd) then at frame 1420.
If this forward error correction (FEC) protocol Data Unit (PDU) does not belong to according to order decoded next encoder packet (EP), then, can determine whether this forward error correction (FEC) protocol Data Unit (PDU) belongs to the encoder packet (EPb) that just is being cushioned at frame 1421.If this forward error correction (FEC) protocol Data Unit (PDU) does not belong to the encoder packet (EPb) that just is being cushioned, then at frame 1440, discardable this protocol Data Unit (PDU).If forward error correction (FEC) protocol Data Unit (PDU) belongs to the encoder packet (EPb) that just is being cushioned really, then at frame 1423, this protocol Data Unit (PDU) can be added in the buffer of EPb at relevant position.At frame 1425, whether the data volume that can be identified for EPb has surpassed XtraBffr.Do not surpass XtraBffr if determine the data volume that is used for EPb, then handle at frame 1410 and restart at frame 1426.Surpassed XtraBffr if be used for the data volume of EPb, then at frame 1428, the transmission entity attempts to send the complete SDU from EPd.Then, at frame 1430, the remainder of EPd can be removed from buffer, and at frame 1434, EPb can be set as EPd.
Belong to EPd if determine forward error correction (FEC) protocol Data Unit (PDU) at frame 1420, then at frame 1422, protocol Data Unit (PDU) can be added in the buffer of EPd at relevant position.At frame 1424, can determine whether buffer has k the independent PDU that is used for EPd.If buffer does not have k the independent PDU that is used for EPd,, handle and restart at frame 1410 then at frame 1426.If buffer has k the independent PDU that is used for EPd really, then at frame 1427, decoder is that EPd carries out external decoder, and then at frame 1428, the transmission entity attempts to send the complete SDU from EPd.Then, at frame 1430, the remainder of EPd can be removed from buffer, and at frame 1434, EPb can be sent to EPd.
Figure 16 shows when travelling carriage is being received from point-to-multipoint (PTM) transmission of sub-district A99 and is changing between another point-to-multipoint (PTM) transmission of sub-district B99, by the figure of the time relationship between the external code piece of travelling carriage reception.Among the people's such as Grilli that some aspects of Figure 16 were submitted on August 21st, 2002 U.S. Patent application US-2004-0037245-A1 and US-2004-0037246-A1 and the people's such as Willenegger that submit on May 6th, 2002 the U.S. Patent application US-2003-0207696-A1 further discussion is arranged, thereby they are all quoted as a reference.
Described situation is supposed certain UMTS Terrestrial radio access network (UTRAN) 20 and subscriber equipment (UE) 10 requirements.For example, if UTRAN 20 strides the content that the same external block encoding send to be used in the sub-district, then should in adjacent cell, transmit the identical numbering of use on the piece of identical data or payload.External block with identical numbering is transmitted with the mode of time alignment relatively.Striding the peak excursion (misalignment) of the PTM transmission of sub-district is controlled by radio network controller (RNC) 24.The delay jitter that UTRAN 20 controls in point-to-multipoint (PTM) transmission of striding the sub-district.UE 10 should be able to decode to current external block when next external block just is being received.Therefore, the buffer space among the UE should preferably be held at least two external block 95A-95C, accumulates current external block because need be used for the memory of an external block.If external block is in during Reed-Solomon (RS) decoding, memory also should be able to accumulate the internal block of " OK ", with the inexactness of compensation in the time alignment of striding base station 22.
In the A98 of sub-district, externally during the transmission of piece n 95A, conversion occurs in during the transmission of the second inner multimedia broadcasting and multicast services (MBMS) payload block.Oblique line arrow 96 illustrates subscriber equipment (UE) 10 conversion from sub-district A98 to sub-district B99, and oblique line arrow 96 right and wrong levels because passed through some times in the transition period.Arrive to subscriber equipment (UE) 10 till the moment of sub-district B99, the 5th multimedia broadcasting and multicast services (MBMS) payload data just are transmitted.Thereby subscriber equipment (UE) 10 is because the time migration and the transition period elapsed time of corresponding transmission have been lost second to the 4th.If receive enough pieces in the B99 of sub-district, then external block n 95A still can be decoded, because can use parity block to re-construct the piece of losing.
Subsequently, externally during the transmission of piece n+2 95C, subscriber equipment (UE) 10 another time conversions of experience from sub-district B99 to sub-district A98, this conversion occurs in the 5th inner multimedia broadcasting and multicast services (MBMS) payload block of external block n+2 95C.In this case, lost in transition period internal block still less, and still can be recovered external block.
The use of external code piece can help to reduce the possibility of any service disruption.Recover effectively should on each transfer path, send identical piece in order to ensure error code, this means and on each transfer path, to construct parity block in a like fashion.(multimedia broadcasting must be identical on each path with multicast services (MBMS) payload block, transmits because it is broadcasting).Superincumbent application layer 80 is carried out forward error corrections (FEC) and is helped to guarantee that parity block is identical on each transfer path, carries out because be coded in forward error correction (FEC) layer 157, thereby is identical for each external block.On the contrary, carry out, for example carry out, then need some to coordinate, because parity block will be different in each transfer path at the control of Radio Link independently (RLC) entity 152 if be coded in low layer.
Conversion from point-to-multipoint (PTM) to point-to-point (PTP)
Figure 17 shows when the conversion between point-to-multipoint (PTM) transmission and point-to-point (PTP) transmission takes place, by the figure of the time relationship between the external code piece of travelling carriage 10 receptions.The scheme that shows among Figure 17 is applied to for example uses point-to-point (PTP) system for transmitting, such as WCDMA and gsm system.
One aspect of the present invention relates to forward error correction, and it is by adding parity information or piece in inner MBMS " payload " or the data block between the PTM transmission period.Each the external code piece that transmits in the PTM transmission comprises, at least one inner payload block and at least one inner parity block.The error correcting capability of external code piece can reduce significantly and tend to eliminate in the transition period MBMS perhaps losing of " payload ", this conversion such as when UE when a sub-district moves to another, or connect when becoming PTP and connecting from PTM when the transmission of MBMS content in same Serving cell, or when rightabout change takes place.
As mentioned above, given sub-district can use PTP or PTM transmission plan to be sent to user 10.For example,, then transmit the sub-district of broadcast service usually with the PTM transmission mode, can select to set up dedicated channel and transmit (only sending certain user 10 to) with ptp mode if the demand to service drops to certain below the threshold value in the sub-district.Equally, go up the sub-district that content is sent to each user in dedicated channel (PTP) usually, can determine content to be broadcast to a plurality of users by common signal channel.In addition, content can be transmitted with the PTP transmission mode in given sub-district, and identical content can the PTM transmission mode be transmitted in another sub-district.When travelling carriage 10 when a sub-district moves to another, or when the change of the number of users in the sub-district triggers transmission plan and changes or when rightabout changes takes place, change generation from PTP to PTM.
Externally between the point-to-multipoint of piece n 95A (PTM) transmission period, conversion occurs between the transmission period of the 4th inner multimedia broadcasting and multicast services (MBMS) payload block.Oblique line arrow 101 illustrates subscriber equipment (UE) and is transferred to the conversion that point-to-point (PTP) transmits from point-to-multipoint (PTM), and oblique line arrow 101 right and wrong levels because passed through some times in the transition period.When the conversion from PTM 101 to PTP took place, aerial bit rate kept approximate identical.Typically, point-to-point (PTP) transmission has less than centesimal bit error rate (for example, during the transmission, one or error code still less being arranged in per 100 payload block).On the contrary, in point-to-multipoint (PTM) transmission, can suppose higher bit error rate.For example, in one embodiment, per 16 Transmission Time Intervals in base station (TTI) generate an external block, and among these TTI 12 can occupy by payload block, and 4 TTI can be occupied by parity block.The maximum number of tolerable errored block should be 4 internal blocks in 16 (12 basic blocks+4 parity block).Thereby the bLock error rate of tolerable maximum will be 1/4.
When travelling carriage from point-to-multipoint (PTM) transmission conversion 101 when point-to-point (PTP) transmits, some internal block may be lost.Suppose that point-to-multipoint (PTM) transmission and point-to-point (PTP) are transmitted in physical (L1) and have approximately uniform bit rate, then the PTP transmission will allow the transmission rate of MBMS payload block to transmit faster than PTM, because the percentage of the piece that is retransmitted on average, will typically be lower than the percentage of parity block.In other words, point-to-point (PTP) transmission is typically faster than point-to-multipoint (PTM) transmission, says that statistically the number of parity block is more much bigger than the number that Radio Link control (RLC) retransmits (Re-Tx).Because conversion 101 is to be transformed into typically faster point-to-point (PTP) transmission from point-to-multipoint (PTM) transmission, so when subscriber equipment (UE) 10 conversions 101 were transmitted to point-to-point (PTP), first of multimedia broadcasting and multicast services (MBMS) payload data just was transmitted.Thereby elapsed time during the time migration of respective transmissions and the conversion 101 does not all cause any lose.Therefore, when moving to point-to-point (PTP) transmission from point-to-multipoint (PTM) transmission,, just can restart by the beginning part simply, come the payload block of compensating missing from current external block in case the PTP link is established at Target cell.Network can begin the PTP transmission by the beginning part from the same external piece, promptly begins to transmit with first internal block, compensates.Owing to the transmission faster of complete external block, network can recover to change the delay of introducing then.Reduce losing of data between transmission period, reduced the interruption that can transmit by the MBMS content that this conversion causes.
Subsequently, externally between the PTP transmission period of piece n+2, subscriber equipment (UE) 10 is exposed to another conversion 103 of point-to-multipoint (PTM) transmission mode.In Figure 12, this conversion 103 from point-to-point (PTP) to point-to-multipoint (PTM) occurs in last inner multimedia broadcasting and multicast services (MBMS) payload block of external block n+2.In this case, except last internal block, many inner multimedia broadcasting among the external block n+2 and multicast services (MBMS) payload block are transmitted.Typically, FEC is used under this situation that can not obtain to feed back.Because dedicated channel is used in the PTP transmission, thereby has feedback capability on reverse link, so the use of FEC is not useful.In order to minimize or eliminate the loss of data in the cross over transition, UMTS Terrestrial radio access network (UTRAN) 20 preferably relies on the low residual block error rate of RLC affirmation mode (AM) in the PTP transmission, recovers all internal blocks that may be lost to the transition period of PTM transmission.In other words, common layer 2 retransmits and can be used for retransmitting any grouping that is detected error code in the transmission of source.Therefore, as shown in figure 17, in the PTP transmission, do not need parity block.If between point-to-point (PTP) transmission period error code is arranged in payload block, decodable code external block still then is because Radio Link control (RLC) layer is with piece of any mistake of request retransmission.That is, when between the PTP transmission period error code being arranged, travelling carriage 10 or request retransmission (Re-Tx) perhaps when all pieces are correct, do not retransmit, and can use transformat zero (TF0).The layer that external encode is preferably in protocol stack carries out in 2, so that the size of each internal block 97 is packed into just in the Transmission Time Interval (TTI), because can strengthen code efficiency like this.
If forward error correction (FEC) external encode carries out on the upper strata of protocol stack, such as carrying out in application layer, then parity block will be sent out, and no matter be which kind of retransmission scheme (point-to-point (PTP) or point-to-multipoint (PTM)).Thereby parity block also will be affixed in point-to-point (PTP) transmission.
As mentioned above, in the PTP transmission, the use of parity block is optional, because more effective retransmission scheme can replace forward error correction to use.Because parity block is preferably in the PTP transmission and is not transmitted,, suppose identical aerial bit rate so the transmission of complete external block is comparable on average fast in PTM.This allows the UE compensation by the interruption that the conversion of point-to-multipoint (PTM) to point-to-point (PTP) causes, and expects that PTP transmits because can transmit with respect to PTM.Subscriber equipment (UE) can be by the internal block in conjunction with reception in (1) point-to-point (PTP) transmission in new sub-district or after conversion, (2) internal block that receives in point-to-multipoint in old sub-district or before conversion (PTM) transmission is correctly recovered external block.Subscriber equipment (UE) can be in conjunction with the internal block of internal block that receives before the conversion that belongs to same external block and the reception of conversion back.For example, subscriber equipment (UE) 10 can and pass through external block n+2 and inside multimedia broadcasting in the parity block and multicast services (MBMS) payload block that point-to-multipoint (PTM) transmission receives in conjunction with inside multimedia broadcasting among the external block n+2 that receives by point-to-point (PTP) transmission and multicast services (MBMS) payload block.UMTS Terrestrial radio access network (UTRAN) 20 can to receiving all users transmission of " expection " external block a little from the MBMS content of PTP link, make things convenient for this processing by with respect to the transmission on the PTM link.
Because transmitting with respect to PTM, UTRAN expects the transmission of external block, so " seamless " from PTP to PTM conversion is possible.As a result, stride cell boarder and/or, also be " seamless " such as the transmission of the MBMS content between the different transmission schemes of PTM and PTP.This " time expection ", the number of available internal block is represented.When subscriber equipment (UE) 10 was transformed into the PTM transmission, even communication link does not exist during change-over time, subscriber equipment (UE) 10 also can be lost the internal block that is up to " time expection " number, and did not damage the QoS that MBMS receives.If directly beginning MBMS in PTP, UE receives, then UTRAN can use " time expection " at once in the starting point of PTP transmission, because UTRAN 20 can meet the requirements of the transmission of external block till the internal block of " time expection " number by avoiding sky internal block (TF 0) to expect lentamente up to expection.From that, UTRAN can keep constant " time expection ".
In point-to-multipoint (PTM) transmission, can not rely on obtainable UE particular feedback information in the radio network controller (RNC).In point-to-point (PTP) transmission, UE 10 can be notified to RNC to the numbering of last external block that is correctly received before conversion.This should be adapted to any conversion (from PTM or from PTP) to PTP.If it is acceptable that this feedback is not thought, then UTRAN 20 can estimate last external block that most probable is received by subscriber equipment (UE) 10 before state exchange.This estimation can based on between the different cell transmission foreseeable maximum time inexactness understanding, and can be based on current just be transmitted or the external block that is about to be transmitted in Target cell.
Can carry out forward error correction (FEC), so that any of can recover to lose in the transition period.This possibility by reducing can be lost in the transition period content produces " seamless " conversion.The conversion that the supposition of this scheme is transmitted from point-to-point (PTP) to point-to-multipoint (PTM) occurs in identical external block just when each source is transmitted, and this typically occurs in the situation with respect to the duration of the given external block of translation duration.
Memory space among the UE 10 can be compromise with the accuracy in the time alignment of the PTM transmission of striding neighbor cell.By relaxing the memory requirement in the subscriber equipment (UE) 10, can increase the time accuracy of PTMUTRAN 20 transmission.
Figure 18 is presented at from point-to-point (PTP) transmission of radio network controller (RNC) A with from during the conversion between another point-to-point (PTP) transmission of radio network controller (RNC) B or reorientating, by the figure of the time relationship between the external code piece of travelling carriage reception.Term RNC can exchange with term " base station controller (BSC) " and use.During " reorientating ", subscriber equipment (UE) 10 is transformed into point-to-point (PTP) transmission by the same content stream in the zone of the 2nd RNC B224 control from point-to-point (PTP) transmission by the stream of the content the zone of RNC A124 control.Retransmit (re-Tx) and can be used for compensating any MBMS payload block of losing.Soft handover in ' 99 or hard handoff switch can be similar to version, carry out the direct conversion from point-to-point (PTP) to point-to-point (PTP) of minizone.Even without the coordination between two RNC A, the B, Target RNC A124 also should be able to calculate the nearest whole external block that is received by UE10.This estimation can be based on the moment of the MBMS content that is received by RNC24 on Iu interface 25.When using the PTP transmission, RNC 24 can compensate initial delay, and even without requiring break-even SRNS to reorientate, also can not lose the partial content of MBMS.
What those skilled in the art may appreciate that is, though for the ease of understanding the flow chart that can sequentially draw, can carry out some step concurrently in actual implementation.And, unless clearly show, otherwise can exchange method step without departing from the present invention.
This area professional and technical personnel is appreciated that and can uses a lot of different technologies and in the technology any one to come expression information and signal.For example, the data of mentioning in the above-mentioned explanation, instruction, order, information, signal, bit, symbol, and chip can be expressed as voltage, electric current, electromagnetic wave, magnetic field or magnetic particle, light field or light particle or above combination.
The professional and technical personnel can also further recognize, the logical block of the example of describing in conjunction with embodiment disclosed herein, module, circuit, and algorithm steps can be performed with electronic hardware, computer software or the combination of the two.For the interchangeability of hardware and software clearly is described, has described a plurality of example components, program block, module, circuit prevailingly, reached step in the above description according to function.This function can software still be specific application and the design constraint that hardware mode realizes depending on whole system actually.The professional and technical personnel can use distinct methods to realize described function to each specific should being used for, but this realization should not be considered to exceed scope of the present invention.
The logical block of the multiple example of describing in conjunction with embodiment disclosed herein, module, circuit can be with general processor, digital signal processor (DSP), application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC) (ASIC), field programmable gate array (FPGA) or other programmable logic device, discrete gate or transistor logic, discrete hardware components or the above combination in any that is designed to carry out function described herein realize or carry out.General processor can be a microprocessor, but replacedly, processor also can be processor, controller, microcontroller or the state machine of any routine.Processor also may be implemented as the combination of computer equipment, for example, and the combination of the combination of DSP and microprocessor, the combination of a plurality of microprocessors, one or more microprocessor and a DSP core or the combination of other this type of configuration arbitrarily.
Can directly implement in conjunction with the method for embodiment description disclosed herein or each step of algorithm with hardware, the software module of processor execution or the combination of the two.Software module can place the storage medium of any other form known in RAM memory, flash memory, ROM memory, eprom memory, eeprom memory, register, hard disk, removable hard disk, CD-ROM or the technical field.The storage medium of example can be connected to processor, so processor can be from read information and to the storage medium writing information.Replacedly, storage medium can be integrated in the processor.Processor and storage medium can place ASIC.ASIC can place user side.Replacedly, processor and storage medium can be used as separated components and place in the user side.
Above-mentioned explanation to disclosed embodiment makes this area professional and technical personnel can realize or use the present invention.Multiple modification to these embodiment will be conspicuous concerning those skilled in the art, and defined herein General Principle can realize in other embodiments and can not break away from the spirit or scope of the present invention.For example, indicate although describe, wireless access network 20 can be realized by using universal land radio access web (UTRAN) air interface, but alternatively, in the GSM/GPRS system, Access Network 20 can be GSM EDGE Radio Access Network (GERAN), or it can comprise the sub-district of UTRAN air interface and the sub-district of GSM/EDGE air interface under the situation between system.Therefore, the present invention will can not be restricted to these embodiment shown in this article, but will meet the principle disclosed herein the wideest scope consistent with features of novelty.
The part of file of the present invention openly comprises material protected by copyright.In the time of in it appears at the patent document of patent and trademark office or writes down, the copyright holder does not oppose anyone facsimile copy to patent document or patent disclosure, no matter otherwise which kind of situation all will keep all copyrights.
Claims (20)
1. system that is used to transmit block of information comprises:
The point of destination that comprises decoder;
First particular content source, it uses first data-transmission mode to transmit first external block by common signal channel, so that receive by described point of destination,
Wherein said first external block comprises block of information and can be used for re-constructing the redundant block of described block of information;
Wherein said redundant block is generated on wireless chain control layer; With
Second particular content source, it uses second data-transmission mode to transmit second external block that comprises block of information by dedicated channel when the experience conversion of described point of destination, so that receive by described point of destination,
Wherein said second external block have with respect to the time shift of described first external block and
Wherein said decoder is configured to, and uses described redundant block to re-construct any block of information of losing in the described transition period.
2. the system as claimed in claim 1, wherein from the transmission rate of the described block of information of described second particular content source, greater than transmission rate from the described block of information of described first particular content source, and when wherein said second particular content source takes place in described conversion, from the first information BOB(beginning of block) transmission of described first external block that just is being transmitted, thereby reduce losing in described transition period block of information.
3. the system as claimed in claim 1, if wherein in another transition period from described second particular content source to described first particular content source, any block of information from described second external block is not correctly received, and then described second particular content source retransmits described second external block by described dedicated channel.
4. the system as claimed in claim 1, wherein each piece occupies a frame.
5. the system as claimed in claim 1, described identical external block takes place simultaneously just when each source is transmitted when described conversion wherein, the described block of information that the combination of described point of destination receives from described first particular content source, with the described block of information that receives from described second source, to generate complete external block.
6. the system as claimed in claim 1, wherein said first particular content source comprises the Reed-Solomon encoder, its described block of information of encoding to be generating described redundant block, and described redundant block is added in the described block of information to generate the external code piece.
7. the system as claimed in claim 1, wherein said outer decoder described first external code piece of decoding, and regenerate any block of information of losing by described redundant block.
8. method that is used for the point of destination received content, wherein said content comprises a plurality of inner content pieces, described method comprises:
Format described content, as first external block, described first external block comprises described inner content piece and based on the inside parity block of described inner content piece;
Transmit described first external block by common signal channel;
Receive at least a portion of described first external block;
Format described content, as second external block that comprises described inner content piece;
Transmit described second external block by described dedicated channel;
Transmission from the described content by described common signal channel is transformed into the transmission by the described content of described dedicated channel;
Receive at least a portion of described second external block, wherein said second external block has time shift with respect to described first external block; With
The described part of first external block that receives before taking place in described conversion, described part together with second external block is used, comprise with generation and the complete external block of described a plurality of inner content pieces to compensate the described time shift between described first external block and described second external block thus.
9. the method for received content as claimed in claim 8, wherein when any described inner content piece that transmits by described common signal channel is not correctly received, the described inner content piece that uses described inner parity block to re-construct correctly not received.
10. the method for received content as claimed in claim 9, wherein each described internal block comprises sequence number, described sequence number comprises external block label and internal block label, and wherein the described part of first external block that receives before taking place in described conversion, described part together with second external block is used, comprise with generation the complete external block of described a plurality of inner content pieces compensating the described time shift between described first external block and described second external block thus, comprising:
Determine corresponding last the external block label of sequence number and last internal block label with last internal block that receives by described common signal channel; With
Determine corresponding new external block label of described sequence number and new internal block label with first internal block that receives by described dedicated channel.
11. the method for received content as claimed in claim 10, if wherein described last external block label mates described new external block label, then make up the described part that receives and described second external block of first external block, thereby compensate the time shift between described first external block and described second external block, wherein said second external block originates in the described internal block of second external block with the next internal block label of following described last internal block label.
12. the method for received content as claimed in claim 11 wherein further comprises:
If described last internal block label is greater than described new internal block label, then abandon the described internal block of described second external block, described internal block up to second external block has the internal block label that equals described last internal block label, thereby compensates the time shift between described first external block and described second external block.
13. the method for received content as claimed in claim 11 also comprises:
If described last internal block label is less than described new internal block label, then storage originates in described second external block of first internal block of described second external block, thereby compensates the time shift between described first external block and described second external block.
14. the method for received content as claimed in claim 10, wherein said time shift comprise the difference in the time alignment between described first external block and described second external block.
15. one kind is used for broadcasting and multicast content seamless delivery comprising to the method for terminal:
Use the external block code to transmit point-to-multipoint (PTM) transmission, wherein each external block code comprises internal data piece and inner parity block;
In described terminal when point-to-multipoint (PTM) transmission is transformed into point-to-point (PTP) transmission, begin described point-to-point (PTP) transmission by described the beginning part from described identical external block code, transmit with respect to described point-to-multipoint (PTM), be expected at the transmission of external block code between described point-to-point (PTP) transmission period, the wherein transmission of complete external block code by described point-to-point (PTP) transmission is on average faster than the transmission by point-to-multipoint (PTM) transmission; With
The transmission faster of complete external block code by described point-to-point (PTP) transmission, any delay that recovery is introduced by described conversion, recovering any internal block of losing, thereby allow to be transferred to the bumpless transfer of described point-to-multipoint (PTM) transmission from described point-to-point (PTP).
16. method as claimed in claim 15 does not wherein transmit described inner parity block in described point-to-point (PTP) transmission.
17. method as claimed in claim 16, wherein the beginning part from described identical external block code begins described point-to-point (PTP) transmission, comprising:
Begin described point-to-point (PTP) transmission from the beginning part of described first internal block.
18. one kind is used in the transition period of striding cell boarder broadcasting and multicast content seamless delivery comprising to the method for terminal:
Use the external block code to transmit point-to-multipoint (PTM) transmission, wherein each external block code comprises internal data piece and inner parity block;
When described terminal is striden the conversion of cell boarder, begin described point-to-point (PTP) transmission by described the beginning part from described identical external block code, transmit with respect to described point-to-multipoint (PTM), be expected at the transmission of external block code between described point-to-point (PTP) transmission period, the wherein transmission of complete external block code by described point-to-point (PTP) transmission is on average faster than the transmission by point-to-multipoint (PTM) transmission; With
The transmission faster of complete external block code by described point-to-point (PTP) transmission, any delay that recovery is introduced by described conversion, recovering any internal block of losing, thereby allow to be transferred to the bumpless transfer of described point-to-multipoint (PTM) transmission from described point-to-point (PTP).
19. method as claimed in claim 18 does not wherein transmit inner parity block in described point-to-point (PTP) transmission.
20. method as claimed in claim 19, wherein the beginning part from described identical external block code begins described point-to-point (PTP) transmission, comprising:
Begin described point-to-point (PTP) transmission from the beginning part of described first internal block.
Applications Claiming Priority (7)
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| US60/497,456 | 2003-08-21 | ||
| US10/922,423 US8694869B2 (en) | 2003-08-21 | 2004-08-19 | Methods for forward error correction coding above a radio link control layer and related apparatus |
| US10/922,423 | 2004-08-19 | ||
| PCT/US2004/027221 WO2005022812A1 (en) | 2003-08-21 | 2004-08-20 | Methods for forward error correction coding above a radio link control layer and related apparatus |
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| CN1868157A true CN1868157A (en) | 2006-11-22 |
| CN1868157B CN1868157B (en) | 2011-07-27 |
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| CN2004800307866A Active CN1871804B (en) | 2003-08-21 | 2004-08-20 | Outer coding methods for broadcast/multicast content and related apparatus |
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| Publication number | Publication date |
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| CN1871804A (en) | 2006-11-29 |
| CN1868157B (en) | 2011-07-27 |
| CN1864359B (en) | 2012-04-18 |
| CN1871804B (en) | 2010-09-01 |
| CN1864359A (en) | 2006-11-15 |
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