CN1867690A - Method for producing platinum alloys and alloys which can be obtained using this method - Google Patents
Method for producing platinum alloys and alloys which can be obtained using this method Download PDFInfo
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- CN1867690A CN1867690A CNA2004800296058A CN200480029605A CN1867690A CN 1867690 A CN1867690 A CN 1867690A CN A2004800296058 A CNA2004800296058 A CN A2004800296058A CN 200480029605 A CN200480029605 A CN 200480029605A CN 1867690 A CN1867690 A CN 1867690A
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C5/00—Alloys based on noble metals
- C22C5/04—Alloys based on a platinum group metal
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22F—CHANGING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF NON-FERROUS METALS AND NON-FERROUS ALLOYS
- C22F1/00—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working
- C22F1/16—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working of other metals or alloys based thereon
Abstract
Method for producing platinum/copper alloys which envisages the steps of melting platinum and copper parts and/or powders in a predetermined ratio in a controlled atmosphere and subjecting the fusion product thus obtained to heat treatment so as to produce a platinum/copper alloy which is devoid of phase separation products and can be easily worked in the manner of a gold alloy.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the preparation method of platinum base alloy and the alloy that available this method obtains.
Constitute the method and the alloy of main body of the present invention, can be advantageously used in half-finished production that preparation is made by precious metal alloys.
Background of invention
Platinum (with silver and gold) is one of the preferable alloy that is widely used in the preparation of jewelry article, and especially As time goes on chemical stability and its aesthetic feeling characteristic owing to it also keep color constant.And platinum is feature with the ductility of height and forging property.Yet it often can not use with pure state, but as with other metal for example the alloy of palladium and iridium (they improve its physical strength and make it be easier to processing) use.
Nowadays, platinum and alloy thereof are widely used in embedding gem, and especially diamond mainly is because the color that they show slightly " neutrality " makes the more apparent radiance of diamond.Therefore, known present foremost diamond nearly all is embedded in the platinum collet (mountings).
In the jewelry field, " platinum content " indicated-be called to the platinum content of goods with content usually, and it often uses mark, promptly represents with respect to the millesimal metal of described goods gross weight.The platinum base alloy that is used for jewel industry at present has the content of standard, that is, and and 850/1000,900/1000 or 950/1000.Above-mentioned content is also used carat (Kt) expression, and wherein the fraction representation with respect to the metal of goods gross weight is 1/24th (1/24), replaces thousandth, as indicating with platinum content.
For various platinum alloy, its content and often depend on commercial factors and the type of the product that will obtain with the selection of the metal (generally claiming " alloying element ") of platinum alloyage in the present technique field.
The most frequently used alloying element has cobalt (Co), iridium (Ir), gold (Au), palladium (Pd), rhodium (Rh) and ruthenium (rhutenium) (Ru) at present.In recent years, these metals of part, even particularly palladium, ruthenium and rhodium be raised to be not higher than platinum also can with platinum price relatively, this makes them cause the final price of the jewelry for preparing with these alloys soaring greatly.
The main drawback relevant with the use of these alloys be, the high melting temperature of platinum (1769 ℃), and road as known, this makes any process complications relevant with the metallurgy of platinum and alloy thereof.
And metallurgical equipment that this area in the consideration can commercially availablely obtain and device almost are specifically designed to the goldsmith field, more particularly, are used for the processing of gold and silver and alloy thereof, and this processing with platinum and alloy thereof is compared, and its difference is very simple metallurgical properties.
Therefore, verified, equipment designed in the golden and silver-colored manufacture field is to realizing that plant-scale metallurgical operation is not suitable for fully under the required high temperature of platinum base alloy.For example, the smelting furnace that is used for gold and silver-base alloy processing traditionally is usually far below being to move under the designed temperature of platinum or its alloy.
Because supply the device of gold-base alloy welding not reach the high melting temperature of platinum usually, the half-finished welding that is prepared by platinum base alloy has problem equally.Weld under low melting temperature with welding material, for example soldering although this may solve the problem relevant with the high welding temperature of platinum, is unsuitable from the cost viewpoint of considering whole processing step.In fact, use impure welding material can cause the variation of finished product content.This must give necessary consideration, for determining final content, adopts complicated calculating under some situation.For example,, begin to set the platinum base alloy that employing contains suitable a high proportion of platinum owing to use the content loss of welding material for compensation.
Advantageously, consider, during fusing, obtain the number of times that the finished product need welding operation, need pre-determine half-finished platinum content by being calculated as for reality.Yet melting operation costliness and non-quantitative that relates to different platinum contents is handled normally impracticable and is not had cost-benefit
The known commercially available platinum base alloy that obtains is at present said with mechanical term, is feature with low prolongation property, the preparation of work in-process, especially chain, the ring etc. of its restriction elongation.By the same token, so-called " hollow " goods, hollow necklace for example, the preparation of the goods of the promptly built-in nuclear of being made by other material also is a problem very much.
On an average, the cold stretch value of the platinum base alloy of known type is 10%, thereby is significantly less than the stretch value of the gold-base alloy that changes with content and described alloying element, and gold-base alloy is a feature with the stretch value between between 20%-60% generally.
At present, with quite complicated conventional alloys working method, design is replaced cold rolling step with annealing steps, partly overcomes the elongation deficiency of platinum base alloy.Like this, during each annealing steps, internal stress in the crystalline structure of the alloy that makes during the rolling the preceding step (internal tensions) and distortion reduce, thereby recover initial mechanical elongation performance before each new rolling step.
Yet, to compare with gold or silver-colored work in-process related production technology, the half-finished production technique of platinum is in quite disadvantageous status in (thereby and finally aspect production efficiency) aspect time and the cost for this reason.
Known subject matter also faces the waste material utilization that processing generates about platinum base alloy.In fact, in the course of processing that it stands, melting completely and simply again of waste material can not removed by the material of platinum catalysis and absorption.Therefore, in fact described waste material can not utilize, and from the cost benefit viewpoint, this obviously constitutes major defect.
As already mentioned, the catalytic performance of the platinum of knowing causes impurity increase in its processing waste material, and the diamond cutting work in-process processing that platinum or its alloy are made faces difficulty.Diamond cutting technology comprises, the upper layer of removing product with instrument cutting that studs with the diamond point and machinery under the state of cooling.By in fact indispensable this technology of jewel industry, may obtain to make value-added, glossiness especially surface of work in-process and illumination effect.
Verified, be used for precious metal for example the conventional tool of the diamond cutting of gold and silver be unsuitable for carrying out the diamond cutting of platinum fully because it is surrounded by the consume that adamantine part is subjected to intensity of anomaly, in addition this consume and gold cutting ran into can't compare.The consume that the chemical erosion that the consume that the mechanical wear effect that very soft platinum surface produces causes does not produce the platinum katalysis of diamond carbon crystalline structure causes is big.
Because the quick consume of actual diamond part, from the cost viewpoint, the diamond cutting of the product of being made by platinum or its alloy can't be born at present.
The invention summary
In this case, main purpose of the present invention provides platinum base alloy, it has aesthetic characteristic (can match in excellence or beauty with the characteristic of existing platinum base alloy) and has machinability, particularly stretch value percentage ratio (can compare with the present gold and the stretch value of silver-base alloy).
Another object of the present invention provides platinum base alloy, and they are similar to the platinum base alloy that can commercially availablely obtain at present aspect aesthetic feeling, but they can stand welding and diamond cutting operation, and the time of operation can be compared with silver-base alloy with gold with cost factor.
Another purpose of the present invention is the simple economically and reliable method that the platinum base alloy that the processing machinery processibility can match well with present gold-base alloy will be provided.According to appending claims, can all realize this and other purpose by method for preparing platinum base alloy and the alloy that can obtain in this way.
Advantageously, be characterised in that stretch value is comparable to the stretch value of traditional gold-base alloy between 30%-60% with the resulting platinum base alloy of the inventive method.Therefore, these alloys can carry out mechanical cold working (cold-machinable) with gadolinium system and anneal cycles, and this mechanical cold working is significantly shorter than and is the designed mechanical cold working of present platinum base alloy.With above-mentioned platinum base alloy of the present invention, can be made into hollow bodY, for example the chain of hollow.
Other advantage comprises the following fact, and nowadays the article made from platinum base alloy of the present invention can stand the diamond cutting operation that the generation instrument consumes (can be suitable with the consume that gold-base alloy is produced).
Finally, it should be noted that platinum base alloy of the present invention can experience the typical operation time and the step of gold and silver-base alloy, with welding gun (Blowtorch) and laser technology welding.
Method of the present invention has designed processing step, and from the viewpoint of producing, these processing steps are simple to operate, and make described method be suitable for the market requirement with flexi mode.
The summary of figure
According to above-mentioned purpose, can know definite technical characterictic of the present invention from the content of following claim, as long as the accompanying drawing of their pure exemplary and non-limiting embodiments of referential expression, can clearly illustrate its advantage more by following detailed, wherein :-accompanying drawing 1 is the state graph of binary alloy Pt-Cu;
-Fig. 2 is the time-hygrogram with the step of the inventive method of implementing in embodiment 1 of schematic form explanation;
-Fig. 3 is the time-hygrogram with the step of the inventive method of implementing in embodiment 2 of schematic form explanation;
-Fig. 4 is the time-hygrogram with the step of the inventive method of implementing in embodiment 3 of schematic form explanation;
-Fig. 5 is the time-hygrogram with the step of the inventive method of implementing in embodiment 4 of schematic form explanation;
-Fig. 6 is the Photomicrograph of the figure of the preceding Pt alloy sample of the present invention of the designed thermal treatment of demonstration the inventive method, and it derives from scanning electronic microscope (SEM);
The difference of the same sample of the Pt alloy that-Fig. 7-10 expression obtains with the described the inventive method of Fig. 3 and the SEM Photomicrograph of different magnification ratios.
Detailed Description Of The Invention
The present invention relates to the preparation method of platinum base alloy, it consists essentially of following operating procedure:
-fusing step;
The heat treatment step of-melting product;
The final cooling step of the melting product the behind-heat treatment step.
For accompanying drawing, hereinafter represent to melt step with F, represent heat treatment step with T, use R2 represents final cooling step.
In more detail, the platinum content that will reach in the alloy is once determining, will melt predetermined and The copper of the platinum of respective amount and predetermined and respective amount is to obtain containing the fusing of corresponding predetermined platinum content Product. Method decision design of the present invention adopts copper as alloying element, although also may establish Meter adopts the method for other alloying element, although with less amount, but still belong to the present invention Protection domain.
As be shown in and see specific solidus temperature T in the state diagram (temperature is with respect to the platinum weight content) of platinum/copper binary alloy of Fig. 11With particular fluid phase line temperature T1' and various platinum contents Value is consistent. Known these two kinds of temperature change with the content of bianry alloy, draw among the figure separately The solidus curve that represents with S and the liquidus line that represents with L. To the alloy of every kind of content, It is partially liq and part solid that these two curve S and L determine to be in the solid-liquid poised state The temperature range of bianry alloy. Temperature is lower than solidus temperature T1The time, it is solid-state that described alloy is fully, and temperature is higher than liquidus temperature T1In ' time, described alloy is in a liquid state fully.
Equal and preferably be higher than liquidus temperature T in temperature
1' down, melt step F, because the time cycle is enough to make the melt raw material of wanting of all-mass to be converted into liquid state, obtain basic melting product uniformly.For this reason, can adopt smelting furnace known type, that can reach required temperature of fusion.
According to temperature condition and content value, can in solidifying platinum/copper base alloy scope, prepare be separated product, for example Cu
3Pt and CuPt.These compounds are chemically stable in given temperature range (hereinafter referred to as " stable range ") only, and this can be with the curve limit shown in the dotted line under solidus S and the liquidus line L in the state graph of Fig. 1.To each platinum content value, the curve that these dotted lines are represented is determined the ceiling temperature T of the stability of these compounds that are separated
2
According to the present invention, be heat treatment step T after the fusing step F, it comprises in fact, in 2-20 hour time period, makes described melting product maintain solidus temperature T
1With above-mentioned ceiling temperature T
2Between scope in, these compounds that are separated are stable in this scope.
By described thermal treatment T, may eliminate the preferential segregation (preferential segregation) that betides the melting product setting up period, more avoid the formation of other compound that is separated of existing with crystalline structure.Described processing T destroys the compound that may form, thereby causes forming the uniform distribution of the element of the alloy that do not have the product that is separated and crystalline structure.
Advantageously, for optimizing thermal treatment T time length and essential energy expenditure, be higher than above-mentioned ceiling temperature T
2About 100 ℃ of temperature under heat-treat T.The time length of thermal treatment T reduces along with the rising of the service temperature of carrying out described processing.And described temperature also depends on the performance of used smelting furnace type.
Yet, can be higher than or heat-treat T, to help eliminating disassociation from kinetics and the technological process of the time length of be separated product and minimizing thermal treatment T near under the solidus temperature.
As thinking more fully that at following this platinum/copper base alloy of the present invention advantageously contains 400/1000-800/1000, the platinum content of preferred 400/1000-600/1000 scope is to realize above-mentioned thermal treatment by the smelting furnace that is generally used for the metal working industry.
According to the present invention, heat treatment step T heel is with final cooling step R2, and cooling step comprises with the speed of cooling that is equal to or higher than 20 ℃/min, makes the alloy cool to room temperature that obtains behind the heat treatment step T.Alloy that obtain, that have the homogeneous crystalline structure that does not have the product that is separated is cooled to room temperature when thermal treatment T is finished, and final cooling step R2 is necessary.
Carry out in the stable range of these separated products during the final cooling step R2, above-mentioned speed of cooling value can be avoided, the at first excessive increase of alloy grain size, secondly, the formation of the described intragranular product that is separated.For this reason, final cooling step R2 also can advantageously handle with quencher and carry out.
Platinum/copper base alloy according to the acquisition of this method is characterised in that crystalline structure does not have the compound of being separated.These identical alloys are also with those aesthetic feeling characteristics that can compare with present platinum base alloy and the machinability that can compare with silver-base alloy with present gold with especially to extend performance be feature.
In the jewelry field, the final color of platinum base alloy is even more important.Traditionally, all platinum jewelry are handled (finishing treatment) through final rhodium finishing, and it is included in the rhodium of one deck (the about 0.1 μ m of thickness) of described gemstone surface deposit very thin.This layer rhodium provides stronger gloss and light for the platinum jewelry.Yet, because wearing and tearing, this layer in time passing and tend to deterioration (deteriorate) or the cracking, expose following platinum base alloy surface inevitably.Contain 850, traditional platinum base alloy of 900-950 platinum content has the color that is comparable to the rhodium layer, thereby guarantees that As time goes on jewelry has basicly stable aesthetic effect.
Opposite with the presumable idea of people, even have lower platinum content, platinum/copper base alloy of the present invention also surprisedly has and can compare beautiful color with conventional platinum base alloy.
These results realize that with alloy its copper content is represented the whole nubbin of described alloy all wts, only changes with the platinum content that will obtain.According to key property of the present invention, described platinum content or platinum content are selected from the scope of 400/1000-800/1000, and as seen, preferably in the scope of 400/1000-600/1000, what wherein pay close attention to astoundingly is that the platinum color is preponderated than copper color.
Term " is preponderated " and is interpreted as, and aspect color, means second kind of ingredients constitute advantage of first kind of ratio of component, so that two kinds of components are mixed the color of the color of resulting final alloy near first kind of component.In alloy, a kind of color of component was covered the color of another kind of component and was in the ascendance, and was not simple inevitably owing to they weight percents in described alloy.
Yet outside the copper removal, described method also can consider with different alloying elements as main alloy element, thereby do not deviate from the inventive concept of desired method.
Because designed thermal treatment T in the inventive method is lower than solidus curve T in temperature
1Under the temperature, preferential segregation (preferential divisions) and for example Cu of compound that is separated
3The formation of Pt or CuPt is different.
From the Photomicrograph of alloy sample of the present invention shown in Fig. 7-10, that use scanning electronic microscope (SEM) shooting, can understand preamble qualitatively.With these Photomicrographs, with expression same composition arranged but the photo of Fig. 6 of the alloy sample made with the traditional method of no above-mentioned thermal treatment T step compare, can find immediately, in the crystalline structure with the sample of the inventive method preparation bigger homogeneity is arranged, and do not have the preferential segregation of alloying element fully.
Adopt EDAX (energy dispersion X ray) technology to carry out concentration analysis, determine these qualitative observations.
Therefore can determine that the alloy for preparing with the inventive method has constant substantially platinum content in its whole material.
This fact has active effect to the machinability of the alloy of such acquisition.
In fact, the platinum base alloy that obtains with the inventive method is characterised in that stretch value is between 30%-60%.
These stretch values in these alloys are justifiable on physics, just in time preferentially emanate and the compound that is separated, for example Cu owing to lacking
3Pt or CuPt.Can be observed in the Pt-Cu structural diagram from be shown in Fig. 1, these same compounds replace and have the Pt-Cu alloy, then greatly reduce the cold elongation of described material, hinder the motion in the crystalline structure.The tensile test that has the isolating Pt-Cu alloy sample of these products that are separated to carry out in its crystalline structure has in fact produced and has approached 0% stretch value, and this makes the cold working of these alloys absolutely not.
And about how avoiding these compound formation that is separated in the Pt-Cu alloy, present known metallurgy method does not provide any instruction, and wherein owing to designed thermal treatment T, finding does not have these separation conspicuous anything but.
Describe as preamble,,, can determine the temperature of fusion of alloy of the present invention as the function of platinum content according to the state graph shown in Fig. 1.Than the lower temperature of fusion of the commercially available platinum base alloy that obtains, promotion will be by the solder bond edge together or the fusing of part.
In the welding test of the product that the platinum/copper base alloy that obtains through the inventive method is made, may confirm, with can with those temperature compared and the gas consumption figures (those skilled in the art are known) of gold-base alloy, adopt the feasibility of welding gun welding, it generally is used for gold and silver-colored manufacture field.Platinum content is shorter than the required time of alloy of high level required weld interval at the alloy of 400/1000-600/1000.Can also be embedded in the case of laser welding technology with the resulting result that those are compared of gold-base alloy.
Verified to diamond cutting test with the alloy of the inventive method preparation, may realize improved processing characteristics with these alloys.In fact, observe, be with the wearing and tearing of adamantine instrument at duration of test, fully can with the diamond cutting of common gold-base alloy during find compare with wearing and tearing well-known to those skilled in the art.
Therefore, because high running cost, and be used for the diamond cutting technology of known platinum base alloy so far limitedly, can not have any problem now and be widely used in the resulting alloy of the inventive method, as what taken place following of the situation of gold-base alloy in the cost benefit mode of complete economy.
The preferred embodiment of the inventive method schematically is illustrated among Fig. 3, and it is specifically related to the platinum/copper base alloy of 585/1000 platinum content.
Advantageously, described fusing step F is characterised in that, service temperature on the liquidus temperature of alloying element mixture about 100 ℃.
Last in the fusing step F, the intercooling step of representing with R1 makes melting product reduce to room temperature.Available quenching is cooled off, as represented with vertical line in the graphic representation of Fig. 3, perhaps to be equal to or greater than the speed of cooling cooling of 20 ℃/min.
The product that obtains after this intercooling step R1 is carried out heating steps C, the service temperature that it rises to melting product to heat-treat.Can select rate of heating in the scope of 1 ℃/min-15 ℃/min.The preferred value of rate of heating is 10 ℃/min.
Along with being the thermal treatment T that has mentioned after this heating steps C, it was included in for some time of the scope that is selected from 2-20 hour, and the temperature that keeps melting product is between the stable solidus temperature T of the product that is separated
1With above-mentioned limiting temperature T
2Between.For the platinum/copper base alloy of 585/1000 platinum content, confirm that the preferred value of temperature is 1000 ℃, and the time length of described processing T is 17 hours.
When thermal treatment T finished, design dropped to the final cooling step R2 of room temperature.It realizes that by hardening step the speed of cooling that perhaps also can be equal to or greater than 20 ℃/min realizes.Because relate to production technique, so preferably by the above-mentioned final cooling step R2 of quencher operation realization, as shown in the graphic representation of Fig. 3 with the actual characteristic relevant with cost.
Advantageously,, after intercooling step R1, may be easy to be stored on the point in warehouse, can end production process immediately in resulting alloy according to the embodiment of the invention described above method.Only described alloy can carry out the subsequent step of described method the stage afterwards, to obtain product of the present invention.Can be according to producing the method that needs design like this with flexi mode optimization.
In addition, because the interruption of production process may only be adopted smelting furnace to the fusing step F, replace in heat treatment step T, using the smelting furnace that can reach poorer performance aspect the temperature in maximum.
Another embodiment of present method is schematically represented among Fig. 2,4 and 5, and they relate to the alloy with 585/1000,417/1000 and 800/1000 platinum content separately.Operating process between designed different step is not interrupted.When the fusing step F finished, designed intercooling step R1 was in order to make melting product be cooled to the temperature that sets for thermal treatment.Scope at 1 ℃/min-20 ℃/min is selected speed of cooling.The preferred value of speed of cooling is 3 ℃/min.
Subsequently, after this cooling intermediate steps R1, design thermal treatment T.The preferred value in temperature and treatment time be 1000 ℃ 5 hours, the two is shown among Fig. 2 and Fig. 4, perhaps 1400 ℃ 2 hours, as shown in FIG. 5.After the thermal treatment T is the final cooling step R2 that drops to room temperature with the speed of cooling that is equal to or greater than 20 ℃/min.
During final cooling step R2, also can change speed of cooling, shown in the different sloping portions of the heating curve of the step R2 of Figure 4 and 5 graphical representation.As selection, step R2 also can be undertaken by quench treatment.
Because do not arrange in the preparation process to interrupt, second embodiment of present method advantageously reduces the single-piece treatment time.
The method of illustrational two embodiments is preferably considered implementing the fusing step by vacuum or in the atmosphere of the control that inert gas is realized.Therefore can avoid in melting product, forming the oxidation products (for example Red copper oxide) that is difficult to remove with thermal treatment T of the present invention, thereby guarantee the better quality of final product.
Embodiment 1
Preparation with Pt-Cu alloy of 585/1000 platinum content
Make all to be pulverous 87.745g Pt and 62.318g Cu mixes, to obtain uniform powdered mixture.Again this mixture is placed alumina crucible.The gross weight of crucible and mixed powder equals 277.6g.
The crucible that powder is housed is placed tube furnace, before handling beginning, smelting furnace was placed argon gas (Ar) stream about one hour, therefrom to discharge oxygen.
In argon gas stream, melt step F.Shown in the graphic representation of Fig. 2, with the rate of heating of about 3 ℃/min, in 1500 ℃ of fusings that realize mixture.
With speed cooling (intercooling step R1) melting product of about 3 ℃/min, make it to reduce to 1000 ℃ again, under this temperature, continued thermal treatment T about 5 hours.Carrying out final cooling step R2 with the speed of cooling of about 20 ℃/min makes and reduces to room temperature.
Above-mentioned processing generates non-oxidation light grey agglomerate vestige, glittering, and its surface irregularity does not especially contact the surface of sidewall of crucible.
The weight of crucible and sample is about 276.7g, and weight loss 0.9g is equivalent to the less than 1% of alloy gross weight.
The platinum content of the alloy that so obtains is 585/1000 (14Kt), be suitable for usefulness or basic without welding material, used same procedure welding with traditional gold-base alloy, also be suitable for carrying out diamond cutting with diamond, its wearing and tearing are equivalent to that traditional gold-base alloy produces.Confirm to be suitable for obtaining so-called " hollow " goods to be quite analogous to the sort of mode of conventional gold-base alloy with the alloy that this method obtains.
Embodiment 2
The preparation of the Pt-Cu alloy of 585/1000 platinum content
Make all to be pulverous 87.745g Pt and 62.318g Cu mixes, to obtain uniform powdered mixture.Again this mixture is placed alumina crucible.The gross weight of crucible and mixed powder equals 277.6g.
The crucible that powder is housed is placed tube furnace, before handling beginning, smelting furnace was placed argon gas (Ar) stream about one hour, therefrom to discharge oxygen.In argon gas stream, melt step F.
Is to reduce to the intercooling step R1 of room temperature by hardening step after the fusing step F under 1500 ℃, as is shown in shown in the graphic representation among Fig. 3, generate the crude product of grey agglomerate.
Subsequently, the speed continuation processing with about 10 ℃/min is heated to 1000 ℃ (heating steps C).Under 1000 ℃, thermal treatment T continues about 7 hours, then finally cools off R2 to room temperature through hardening step.
The characteristic of resultant final product is resulting identical with embodiment 1, and described product platinum content is 585/1000 (14Kt).
Behind the intercooling step R1 of hardening step, with scanning electronic microscope (SEM) and EDAX (energy dispersion X ray) technical Analysis product sample.The SEM Photomicrograph of Fig. 6 shows that the grain pattern of sample is not subjected to thermal treatment T.Can notice the obvious non-homogeneous zone that is distributed as feature with the product that is separated of set amount.The EDAX concentration analysis result that the different concns point of this sample is carried out draws concentration value, and they have 10% deviation to 585/1000 average platinum content of product.Even consider the error (described error can be made an appointment with ± 5% calculating) of EDAX technology, it is still remarkable that sample lacks homogeneity.
When whole technology finishes, the final product sample is carried out SEM and EDAX analysis.From the SEM Photomicrograph that is shown in Fig. 7-10, they reappear with the enlarged image in various degree of sample surfaces, can notice the grain pattern and the almost uniform distribution very similar (particularly Fig. 7) of platinum grain of alloy.Figure 10 is subjected to because the slight infringement of obvious rectangular defective institute of used microscopical optical focusing system.
Show that through the EDAX that carries out on the difference of sample being analyzed the concentration value that obtains error with the average platinum content of product is very near 0%.Will without the product of thermal treatment T with make comparisons through the final product of thermal treatment T of the present invention, even consider the error of used analytical technology, the improvement aspect homogeneity also is significant.
Embodiment 3
Preparation with Pt-Cu alloy of 417/1000 platinum content
66.72g platinum powder and 93.28g copper powder are mixed together.According to embodiment 1 mixed powder in the alumina crucible is introduced smelting furnace.Crucible and total weight of powder are 286.9g.
Before handling beginning, make argon gas stream smelting furnace internal recycle one hour, in burner hearth, to discharge oxygen.
Processing step is illustrated in the graphic representation of Fig. 4 successively.Final product with 417/1000 platinum content is made up of glittering light grey agglomerate.
Embodiment 4
Preparation with Pt-Cu alloy of 800/1000 platinum content
128g platinum powder and 32g copper powder are mixed together.Mixed powder in the alumina crucible is introduced smelting furnace.Powder and crucible gross weight are 286.9g.
Before handling beginning, make argon gas stream smelting furnace internal recycle one hour, in burner hearth, to discharge oxygen.Processing step is illustrated in the graphic representation of Fig. 5.Final product with 800/1000 platinum content is made up of glittering light grey agglomerate.
***
Platinum/the copper base alloy that obtains with method described in the embodiment is characterised in that machinability, and especially extend, the adaptability of welding and diamond cutting, these safely challenge comparison with can in the gold-base alloy of traditional type, find with known those character of those skilled in the art.These machinabilities must be considered to be particularly related to welding, diamond cutting and rolling mechanically operated application, are routinely fully in these application aspect gold and the silver-colored processing.
Confirm that also these platinum/copper base alloys are suitable for alternately adopting annealing and rolling processing, obtaining machinable thin slice and work in-process, the equal thin slice that they can be made by gold-base alloy to safely challenge comparison with and on an equal basis half-finished certain mode process.
Initial from the resulting alloy of method of the present invention, particularly as described in the above-described embodiments, obtain having the color that platinum had that is similar to 800/1000,850/1000 or 950/1000 content and the jewelry article of aesthetic feeling characteristic.The stretch value of these alloys is between 30%-60%.With the process period that can compare with the time in golden collar territory and to welding material with without the suitability of the welding of welding material, adopt the used standard set-up of processing gold-base alloy, process described article.
Claims (19)
1. the method for preparing platinum/copper base alloy, it comprises following operation steps:
The fusing step (F) of the platinum of-at least a predetermined amount and the copper of at least a predetermined amount, with the melting product of the weight content that obtains containing corresponding platinum, in temperature/content state graph, the solidus temperature (T of the product stability that is used to be separated
1) and limiting temperature (T
2) relevant with this step;
-heat treatment step (T), it was included in time period of 2-20 hour, kept described melting product between described solidus temperature (T
1) and described limiting temperature (T
2) between, this step generates the platinum/copper base alloy that has uniform crystal structure, do not have the product that is separated; With
-described heat treatment step (T) final cooling step (R2) afterwards, it carries out with the speed of cooling that is equal to or greater than 20 ℃/min, with the cooling when described thermal treatment (T) finishes resulting described alloy to room temperature, this alloy has constant substantially described crystalline structure, thereby evenly and do not have a product that is separated.
2. the method for claim 1, it is characterized in that, color advantage with platinum, determine the scope of weight content between 400/1000-800/1000 of the described platinum that all the other weight parts are made up of copper substantially, thereby the color that keeps described platinum base alloy connects the color of the platinum base alloy with nearly 800/1000 platinum content as far as possible, rather than the color of copper.
3. the method for claim 1 is characterized in that, selects the weight content of described platinum in the 400/1000-600/1000 scope, and all the other weight parts are made up of copper substantially, so that can carry out described heat treatment step (T) at the smelting furnace that is used for the metal working industry.
4. claim 1,2 or 3 method, wherein when described fusing step (F) finishes, design intercooling step (R1), it reduces between described solidus temperature (T temperature with the speed of cooling between 1 ℃/min and 20 ℃/min
1) and described limiting temperature (T
2) between scope, and wherein said thermal treatment (T) design is in described intercooling step (R1) afterwards.
5. claim 1,2 or 3 method, wherein when described fusing step (F) finishes, design intercooling step (R1) is used to make described melting product to reduce to room temperature, so that can interrupt described processing, and it is being carried out described heat treatment step (T) before, store described melting product, and wherein said heat treatment step (T) design in described intercooling step (R1) afterwards.
6. the method for claim 5, wherein said intercooling step (R1) is a quench treatment.
7. the method for claim 5, wherein said intercooling step (R1) is carried out with the speed of cooling that is equal to or greater than 20 ℃/min, with the excessive increase of the grain size of avoiding described melting product, and the be separated formation of product of restriction.
8. the method for claim 5, wherein said intercooling step (R1) is heating steps (C) afterwards, it makes the temperature of described melting product between described solidus temperature (T with the rate of heating between 1 ℃/min and 15 ℃/min
1) and described limiting temperature (T
2) between scope in.
9. each method in the aforementioned claim, wherein said final cooling step (R2) is a quench treatment.
10. each method in the aforementioned claim, wherein said fusing step (F) is carried out in check atmosphere, to avoid forming oxidation products in described melting product.
11. the method for claim 10, wherein said in check atmosphere realizes by vacuum.
12. the method for claim 10, wherein said in check atmosphere realizes by rare gas element.
13. platinum/copper base alloy that the method for useful claim 1 obtains is characterized in that, it has the uniform crystalline structure that does not have the compound that is separated.
14. the platinum/gold-base alloy of claim 13, wherein platinum exists with the content between 400/1000-800/1000, all the other weight parts are made up of copper substantially, described alloy has the color advantage of platinum, thereby color more is higher than the color of 800/1000 platinum base alloy near platinum content, and keeps off the color of copper.
15. the platinum/copper base alloy of claim 14, wherein platinum exists with the content between 400/1000-600/1000.
16. each platinum/copper base alloy among the claim 13-15, wherein said stretch value is between the 30%-60% scope.
17. each platinum/copper base alloy among the claim 13-16, the welding technique welding that its available golden collar territory is used.
18. claim 17 platinum/copper base alloy, wherein said welding technique is made up of welding gun welding and laser welding.
19. each platinum/copper base alloy among the claim 13-18, it can use the diamond cutting tool processes that is used for gold-base alloy, and is suitable with the caused wearing and tearing of gold-base alloy to the wearing and tearing of instrument.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| ITPD20030187 ITPD20030187A1 (en) | 2003-08-13 | 2003-08-13 | PROCEDURE FOR REALIZING PLATINUM ALLOYS AND ALLOYS |
| ITPD2003A000187 | 2003-08-13 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN1867690A true CN1867690A (en) | 2006-11-22 |
Family
ID=34179340
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CNA2004800296058A Pending CN1867690A (en) | 2003-08-13 | 2004-07-16 | Method for producing platinum alloys and alloys which can be obtained using this method |
Country Status (4)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP1656465A1 (en) |
| CN (1) | CN1867690A (en) |
| IT (1) | ITPD20030187A1 (en) |
| WO (1) | WO2005017224A1 (en) |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN104903477A (en) * | 2013-01-11 | 2015-09-09 | 莱高集团股份公司 | Master alloy composition for producing gold alloys and gold alloy |
Family Cites Families (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US2273806A (en) * | 1941-04-24 | 1942-02-17 | Int Nickel Co | Platinum alloy |
| US4507156A (en) * | 1984-04-09 | 1985-03-26 | Owens-Corning Fiberglas Corporation | Creep resistant dispersion strengthened metals |
| DE3712839C1 (en) * | 1987-04-15 | 1988-04-21 | Degussa | Use of platinum alloys having spring properties for jewellery pieces |
| JPH03100159A (en) * | 1989-09-12 | 1991-04-25 | Agency Of Ind Science & Technol | Platinum alloy to be brightly blackened and method for blackening the same |
| US5045280A (en) * | 1989-10-04 | 1991-09-03 | Mintek | Intermetallic compounds |
| US5846352A (en) * | 1996-11-22 | 1998-12-08 | Kretchmer; Steven | Heat treatment of a platinum-gallium alloy for jewelry |
| US6372060B1 (en) * | 2000-02-14 | 2002-04-16 | Keith Weinstein | Platinum solder |
-
2003
- 2003-08-13 IT ITPD20030187 patent/ITPD20030187A1/en unknown
-
2004
- 2004-07-16 EP EP04744050A patent/EP1656465A1/en not_active Withdrawn
- 2004-07-16 CN CNA2004800296058A patent/CN1867690A/en active Pending
- 2004-07-16 WO PCT/IB2004/002392 patent/WO2005017224A1/en active Application Filing
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN104903477A (en) * | 2013-01-11 | 2015-09-09 | 莱高集团股份公司 | Master alloy composition for producing gold alloys and gold alloy |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| WO2005017224A1 (en) | 2005-02-24 |
| ITPD20030187A1 (en) | 2005-02-14 |
| EP1656465A1 (en) | 2006-05-17 |
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