CN1857775A - Carbonyl nickel powder and carbonyl iron powder on palygorskite carrier and their preparing method - Google Patents

Carbonyl nickel powder and carbonyl iron powder on palygorskite carrier and their preparing method Download PDF

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Publication number
CN1857775A
CN1857775A CN 200610051811 CN200610051811A CN1857775A CN 1857775 A CN1857775 A CN 1857775A CN 200610051811 CN200610051811 CN 200610051811 CN 200610051811 A CN200610051811 A CN 200610051811A CN 1857775 A CN1857775 A CN 1857775A
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palygorskite
carbonyl
powder
carrier
nickel powder
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叶瑛
夏枚生
张平萍
邬黛黛
陈雪刚
王丽丹
蒋淑华
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Zhejiang University ZJU
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Zhejiang University ZJU
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Abstract

The present invention discloses carbonyl nickel powder and carbonyl iron powder on palygorskite carrier. Palygorskite with intragranular tunnel pores can adsorb great amount of small molecular weight gas, such as H2, CO, CO2 and CH4, and is favorable to the synergistic effect of carbonyl nickel powder and carbonyl iron powder and can raise the catalytic efficiency. In addition, palygorskite is one kind of alkali mineral and can inhibit carbon accumulation during use to prolong the service life of the catalyst. The preparation process is one chemical evaporation and deposition process, and Ni(CO)4 or Fe(CO)5 vapor and palygorskite powder preheated to 180-300 deg.c are made to react inside a pyrolysis oven, so that the vapor is decomposed into fine Ni or Fe particles distributed homogeneously on the surface of palygorskite. The catalyst has high catalytic activity and long service life, and is used in petroleum hydrocracking and other hydrogenation reaction.

Description

Carbonyl nickel powder and carbonyl iron powder using palygorskite as carrier and preparation method thereof
Technical Field
The invention relates to carbonyl nickel powder and carbonyl iron powder taking palygorskite as a carrier and a preparation method thereof.
Background
The carbonyl nickel powder and the carbonyl iron powder are prepared from Ni (CO)4、Fe(CO)5The metal particles formed after the steam is decomposed by heating are catalysts for hydrocracking and hydrogenation reactions. Due to the shortage of light crude oil in international market, the crude oil of oil refining enterprises in China has become significantly heavy in recent years, and hydrocracking reaction is a main means for improving the utilization rate of crude oil and the yield of high-quality fuel oil. In addition, by the hydrogenation reaction, fuel or chemical raw material such as methane, methanol, formaldehyde and the like can be produced from carbon dioxide, and the CO can be reduced2Environmental problems caused by emission and simultaneously contributes to reasonable development and utilization of CO2And (4) resources. The nickel-based supported catalyst is widely applied due to low price and high catalytic activity. With the development of the hydrocracking and hydrogenation preparation fields, higher requirements are put on the performance of the nickel-based catalyst, especially the micronization of the carrier and nickel. The existing nickel-based and iron-based catalysts generally use artificially synthesized oxides, such as Al2O3、SiO2And ZrO2And the like, which are carriers of nickel, have defects such as poor bonding of the carrier to the metal fine particles, uneven distribution of the metal on the carrier, and the like to some extent, and the oxide fine particles used as the carrier are expensive. The development of novel catalysts and catalyst carriers is of great significance to the development of hydrocracking and hydrogenation preparation industries.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide carbonyl nickel powder and carbonyl iron powder taking palygorskite as a carrier and a preparation method thereof.
The carbonyl nickel powder and carbonyl iron powder with palygorskite as carrier features that the palygorskite has nickel or iron particles adhered to its surface.
The palygorskite is a magnesium silicate mineral with a layer chain structure, and the theoretical molecular formula of the palygorskite is as follows:
Mg5Si8O20(OH)2(OH2)4·4H2O
the output form of the mineral is clay, mudstone, shale or loose blocky ore in nature. The carbonyl nickel powder or carbonyl iron powder is prepared from Ni (CO)4Or Fe (CO)5The steam is heated to decompose and form metal particles.
The preparation method of carbonyl nickel powder and carbonyl iron powder with palygorskite as a carrier comprises the following steps:
mixing Ni (CO)4Or Fe (CO)5Introducing steam into a closed cylindrical pyrolysis furnace, wherein the temperature in the pyrolysis furnace is 80-150 ℃, separating, purifying, spraying and drying the palygorskite powder, preheating to 180-300 ℃, spraying into the pyrolysis furnace under the carrying of nitrogen carrier gas, and introducing Ni (CO)4Or Fe (CO)5Steam is decomposed and deposited on the surface of the palygorskiteAnd precipitating to form carbonyl nickel powder and carbonyl iron powder, and attaching the carbonyl nickel powder and the carbonyl iron powder to the surface of the palygorskite to obtain the products, namely the carbonyl nickel powder and the carbonyl iron powder which take the palygorskite as a carrier.
The invention adopts natural palygorskite as the carrier of carbonyl nickel powder and carbonyl iron powder, and has the characteristics of wide source and low cost. The paligorskite crystal lattice is filled with tunnel holes and can adsorb a large amount of small molecule gas such as H2、CO、CO2And CH4The catalyst is beneficial to forming a synergistic effect with the carbonyl nickel powder and the carbonyl iron powder and improving the catalytic efficiency of the carbonyl nickel powder and the carbonyl iron powder. In addition, the palygorskite is an alkaline mineral, and can inhibit the formation of carbon deposit in the using process, thereby prolonging the service life of the catalyst. In the preparation method, the chemical evaporation precipitation method, namely the CVD method, is adopted to respectively mix Ni (CO)4、Fe(CO)5Reacting steam and palygorskite powder preheated to 180-300 ℃ in a pyrolysis furnace, wherein the reaction is Ni (CO)4、Fe(CO)5The steam is decomposed into metallic nickel and iron particles on the surface of the palygorskite, and the metallic particles are uniformly distributed on the carrier and are firmly combined with the carrier, so that the service life and the catalytic activity of the catalyst are longer than those of the traditional nickel-based and iron-based catalysts taking oxides as carriers.
The carbonyl nickel powder and carbonyl iron powder with palygorskite as carrier are suitable for hydrocracking petroleum and various hydrogenation reactions in chemical and chemical fields.
Detailed Description
Palygorskite is a natural magnesium silicate mineral with a chain-layered structure. The palygorskite is in a fibrous shape, the diameter of the palygorskite is 10-100 nanometers, the length of the palygorskite is several micrometers to dozens of micrometers, and in terms of single crystal size, the palygorskite accords with the definition of a nano material and belongs to typical natural one-dimensional nano minerals.
The theoretical molecular formula of palygorskite is:
Mg5Si8O20(OH)2(OH2)4·4H2O
on the crystal structure, a Mg-O (OH) octahedral layer is sandwiched between every two Si-O tetrahedral layers to form basic structural units, and the basic structural units are staggered to form a tunnel hole parallel to the lattice direction, and the cross section of the tunnel hole is 0.37 multiplied by 0.64 nanometers. The nano-sized intragranular tunnel pores enable the palygorskite to have huge specific surface area and adsorption-catalytic activity, which is the basis for being suitablefor serving as a catalyst carrier.
Palygorskite is commonly symbiotic with impurity minerals in nature, and tightly agglomerated with each other to produce clay, mudstone, shale or loose massive ore. The present invention uses the known technology to separate and purify natural palygorskite (also called attapulgite), and comprises the steps of crushing, pulping to prepare suspension, grading and collecting particles smaller than 5 mu, and spray drying. Wherein the purpose of the spray drying is to prevent agglomeration of the palygorskite during the dehydration process. The palygorskite after separation, purification and spray drying is one kind of loose powder with loose structure and loose mineral monocrystal contact, and is suitable for use as catalyst carrier. The separation and purification and spray drying process of the palygorskite can adopt conventional equipment.
The precursors of the carbonyl nickel powder and the carbonyl iron powder are respectively Ni (CO)4、Fe(CO)5Their preparation equipment and techniques are well known. Nickel tetracarbonyl and iron pentacarbonyl are easy to oxidize and need to be stored in an air-isolated manner before use.Ni(CO)4Boiling point 43 ℃, Fe (CO)5They have a boiling point of 103 ℃ and when heated to about 180 ℃ will immediately decompose into metallic nickel and metallic iron:
both of the above two formulae are endothermic reactions.
Firstly, Ni (CO)4Or Fe (CO)5Introducing steam into a closed cylindrical pyrolysis furnace, wherein the temperature in the furnace body is kept at 80-150 ℃; preheating the palygorskite powder subjected to separation and purification and spray drying to 180-300 ℃, spraying the palygorskite powder into a pyrolysis furnace under the carrying of nitrogen carrier gas, and carrying Ni (CO)4、Fe(CO)5And decomposing and precipitating the steam on the surface of the high-temperature palygorskite to form carbonyl nickel powder and carbonyl iron powder, and attaching the carbonyl nickel powder and the carbonyl iron powder to the surface of the palygorskite to obtain products, namely the carbonyl nickel powder and the carbonyl iron powder which take the palygorskite as a carrier. The product is precipitated at the bottom of the pyrolysis furnace and can be collected by a cloth bag, and CO is taken away by carrier gas.
The invention is further illustrated below with reference to specific examples.
Example 1:
mixing Ni (CO)4Introducing steam into a sealed 80 deg.C cylindrical pyrolysis furnace, preheating the spray-dried palygorskite powder to 180 deg.C, spraying into the pyrolysis furnace under the carrying of nitrogen carrier gas, and introducing into Ni (CO)4And decomposing and precipitating the steam on the surface of the palygorskite to form carbonyl nickel powder and attaching the carbonyl nickel powder to the surface of the palygorskite, wherein the obtained product is the carbonyl nickel powder taking the palygorskite as a carrier.
Example 2:
mixing Fe (CO)5Introducing steam into a sealed cylindrical pyrolysis furnace at 150 deg.C, preheating the palygorskite powder after separation and purification and spray drying to 300 deg.C, spraying into the pyrolysis furnace under the carrying of nitrogen carrier gas, and adding Fe (CO)5The steam is decomposed and precipitated on the surface of the palygorskite to form carbonyl iron powder which is attached to the surface of the palygorskite, and the obtained product is the carbonyl iron powder taking the palygorskite as a carrier.

Claims (4)

1. Carbonyl nickel powder and carbonyl iron powder with palygorskite as carrier features that the fine metallic nickel or iron particles are attached to the surface of palygorskite.
2. The carbonyl nickel powder and carbonyl iron powder on palygorskite carrier according to claim 1, wherein the palygorskite is a magnesium silicate mineral with a layer chain structure, and the theoretical formula of the palygorskite is as follows:
Mg5Si8O20(OH)2(OH2)4·4H2O
3. the carbonyl nickel powder or carbonyl iron powder on palygorskite carrier of claim 1, wherein the carbonyl nickel powder or carbonyl iron powder is composed of Ni (CO)4Or Fe (CO)5The steam is heated to decompose and form metal particles.
4. A method for preparing carbonyl nickel powder and carbonyl iron powder by using palygorskite as a carrier is characterized by comprising the following steps:
mixing Ni (CO)4Or Fe (CO)5Introducing steam into a closed cylindrical pyrolysis furnace, wherein the temperature in the pyrolysis furnace is 80-150 ℃, separating, purifying, spraying and drying the palygorskite powder, preheating to 180-300 ℃, spraying into the pyrolysis furnace under the carrying of nitrogen carrier gas, and introducing Ni (CO)4Or Fe (CO)5The steam is decomposed and precipitated on the surface of the palygorskite to form carbonyl nickel powder or carbonyl iron powder which is attached to the carbonyl nickel powder or the carbonyl iron powderAnd coating on the surface of the palygorskite to obtain the product, namely the carbonyl nickel powder or the carbonyl iron powder taking the palygorskite as a carrier.
CN 200610051811 2006-06-05 2006-06-05 Carbonyl nickel powder and carbonyl iron powder on palygorskite carrier and their preparing method Pending CN1857775A (en)

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Cited By (15)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
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CN101099932B (en) * 2007-05-23 2010-04-21 江苏天一超细金属粉末有限公司 High-efficient iron-series catalyst and its preparation method
US7897801B2 (en) 2003-05-12 2011-03-01 Invista North America S.A R.L. Process for the preparation of dinitriles
US7919646B2 (en) 2006-07-14 2011-04-05 Invista North America S.A R.L. Hydrocyanation of 2-pentenenitrile
US7973174B2 (en) 2005-10-18 2011-07-05 Invista North America S.A.R.L. Process of making 3-aminopentanenitrile
US7977502B2 (en) 2008-01-15 2011-07-12 Invista North America S.A R.L. Process for making and refining 3-pentenenitrile, and for refining 2-methyl-3-butenenitrile
US8088943B2 (en) 2008-01-15 2012-01-03 Invista North America S.A R.L. Hydrocyanation of pentenenitriles
US8101790B2 (en) 2007-06-13 2012-01-24 Invista North America S.A.R.L. Process for improving adiponitrile quality
US8178711B2 (en) 2006-03-17 2012-05-15 Invista North America S.A R.L. Method for the purification of triorganophosphites by treatment with a basic additive
US8247621B2 (en) 2008-10-14 2012-08-21 Invista North America S.A.R.L. Process for making 2-secondary-alkyl-4,5-di-(normal-alkyl)phenols
US8338636B2 (en) 2009-08-07 2012-12-25 Invista North America S.A R.L. Hydrogenation and esterification to form diesters
US8373001B2 (en) 2003-02-10 2013-02-12 Invista North America S.A R.L. Method of producing dinitrile compounds
US8906334B2 (en) 2007-05-14 2014-12-09 Invista North America S.A R.L. High efficiency reactor and process
CN108865060A (en) * 2018-06-04 2018-11-23 中国航发北京航空材料研究院 The preparation method and applications of graphene composite wave-suction material based on 5G communication
CN110841705A (en) * 2019-11-29 2020-02-28 万华化学集团股份有限公司 Porous material loaded high-dispersion nano-copper catalyst and preparation method and application thereof
CN112044473A (en) * 2019-11-20 2020-12-08 榆林学院 High-activity bifunctional catalyst, preparation method and application thereof

Cited By (17)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US8373001B2 (en) 2003-02-10 2013-02-12 Invista North America S.A R.L. Method of producing dinitrile compounds
US7897801B2 (en) 2003-05-12 2011-03-01 Invista North America S.A R.L. Process for the preparation of dinitriles
US7973174B2 (en) 2005-10-18 2011-07-05 Invista North America S.A.R.L. Process of making 3-aminopentanenitrile
US8178711B2 (en) 2006-03-17 2012-05-15 Invista North America S.A R.L. Method for the purification of triorganophosphites by treatment with a basic additive
US7919646B2 (en) 2006-07-14 2011-04-05 Invista North America S.A R.L. Hydrocyanation of 2-pentenenitrile
US8394981B2 (en) 2006-07-14 2013-03-12 Invista North America S.A R.L. Hydrocyanation of 2-pentenenitrile
US8906334B2 (en) 2007-05-14 2014-12-09 Invista North America S.A R.L. High efficiency reactor and process
CN101099932B (en) * 2007-05-23 2010-04-21 江苏天一超细金属粉末有限公司 High-efficient iron-series catalyst and its preparation method
US8101790B2 (en) 2007-06-13 2012-01-24 Invista North America S.A.R.L. Process for improving adiponitrile quality
US7977502B2 (en) 2008-01-15 2011-07-12 Invista North America S.A R.L. Process for making and refining 3-pentenenitrile, and for refining 2-methyl-3-butenenitrile
US8088943B2 (en) 2008-01-15 2012-01-03 Invista North America S.A R.L. Hydrocyanation of pentenenitriles
US8247621B2 (en) 2008-10-14 2012-08-21 Invista North America S.A.R.L. Process for making 2-secondary-alkyl-4,5-di-(normal-alkyl)phenols
US8338636B2 (en) 2009-08-07 2012-12-25 Invista North America S.A R.L. Hydrogenation and esterification to form diesters
CN108865060A (en) * 2018-06-04 2018-11-23 中国航发北京航空材料研究院 The preparation method and applications of graphene composite wave-suction material based on 5G communication
CN112044473A (en) * 2019-11-20 2020-12-08 榆林学院 High-activity bifunctional catalyst, preparation method and application thereof
CN110841705A (en) * 2019-11-29 2020-02-28 万华化学集团股份有限公司 Porous material loaded high-dispersion nano-copper catalyst and preparation method and application thereof
CN110841705B (en) * 2019-11-29 2022-09-16 万华化学集团股份有限公司 Porous material loaded high-dispersion nano-copper catalyst and preparation method and application thereof

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