CN1854005A

CN1854005A - Electric automobile with telescopic body

Info

Publication number: CN1854005A
Application number: CN 200510098359
Authority: CN
Inventors: 居永明
Original assignee: Individual
Current assignee: Individual
Priority date: 2003-12-29
Filing date: 2003-12-29
Publication date: 2006-11-01
Anticipated expiration: 2023-12-29
Also published as: CN100590019C

Abstract

An electric automobile with telescopic body is composed of a main beam of frame for supporting automobile body, a drive wheel set unit, a torque dividing centralized controller, an accumulator unit, a steering wheel unit and a brake unit. Said main beam consists of front and back main beams and a connection unit for regulating its length and in turn the body length.

Description

Electric automobile with telescopic body

The application is to be that December 29, application number in 2003 are 200310121587.3, name is called dividing an application of " can distinguish the modular power automobile that individual drive also can drive simultaneously " application for a patent for invention the applying date.

Technical field

The present invention relates to a kind of electronlmobil, more specifically, relate to a kind of electric automobile with telescopic body.

Background technology

The arrival of auto age makes global energy shortage problem become increasingly conspicuous, and in this case, more car production manufacturer and customer begin to pay close attention to electronlmobil, thereby make increasing electronlmobil appear in the daily life.

But the bodywork length and the volume of present electronlmobil are fixed, and this makes this class automobile can only hold the passenger or the goods of some, have brought restriction for people's transportation demand.

In order to overcome above-mentioned defective, be necessary to design a kind of new bodywork length and the electronlmobil of variable volumeization.

Summary of the invention

The object of the present invention is to provide a kind of electric automobile with telescopic body.

To achieve these goals, the present invention is such design-calculated:

A kind of electronlmobil, it comprises the vehicle frame main beam that supports car body, is installed in the drive wheel pair unit as power wheel on the girder, is used for transfer central-control processor unit, battery unit, bearing circle unit and the brake equipment unit of Control of Automobile operation by axletree, described vehicle frame main beam comprises front vehicle frame girder and back vehicle frame main beam, and this forward and backward vehicle frame main beam is fastenedly connected by the mode of connecting device with adjustable car load frame girder entire length.

Use electric automobile with telescopic body of the present invention, can be according to the needs that hold passenger or the goods auto body that suitably stretches, thus satisfy different transportation demands, for people's life brings more convenience.

Description of drawings

Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing, specifically describe the present invention, identical Reference numeral is represented identical parts among the figure.Wherein:

Fig. 1 and the essential structure figure that Figure 2 shows that electronlmobil;

Fig. 3 is to Figure 8 shows that the pro forma various variations of Drive for EV;

Fig. 9-1 is depicted as the essential structure of the built-in before driving wheel set (power wheel) that can turn to, the essential structure of Fig. 9-2 built-in rear drive wheel set of expression;

Fig. 9-3, Fig. 9-4 is the type of attachment of wheel and axletree;

Figure 10, Figure 11 shows that the structure of external hub-type before driving wheel set;

Structure, Figure 12-2 that Figure 12-1 is depicted as shaft coupling formula before driving wheel set is depicted as the structure of shaft coupling formula rear drive wheel set;

Figure 13-1 is depicted as preceding braking wind wing;

Several structures that add water conservancy diversion wind groove when braking wind wing was swung before Figure 13-2, Figure 13-3, Figure 13-4 were depicted as change;

Figure 14 shows that the back braking wind wing;

Figure 15-1 is depicted as several structures variations of bearing circle to Figure 15-4;

The structure signal that Figure 16 shows that forward mounting, turns to;

Figure 17 shows that the structure signal of anti-collision gradually damage device;

The structure that Figure 18-1, Figure 18-2 illustrates vehicle frame main beam changes.

The specific embodiment

The basic configuration of the electronlmobil that the present invention relates to there is no obvious difference with the various automobiles that use at present, so identical seldom giving unnecessary details.Its essential structure such as Fig. 1 are to shown in Figure 17: mainly by car body; the preceding anti-collision gradually damage device 1 of vehicle frame; baggage container 2; transfer collection control mechanism 3; instrument carrier panel 4; preceding braking wind wing 5; back braking wind wing 6; battery 8; battery compartment 9; rear anti-crash gradually damage device 10; drive wheel (power wheel) 11; brake equipment 12 (not drawing among brake equipment 1201 figure); vehicle frame main beam 13; load wheel (load-carrying wheel) 14; front-wheel steering carriage 15; front-wheel steering vertical shaft 16; front-end equipment (Shock absorber) 17; steering hardware 18; 19; bearing circle 20; front frame 21; rear linkage (Shock absorber) 22; rear axle (fixing coaxial) 23; front axle (fixedly minor axis) 24; back axis of revolution 2301; preceding revolution minor axis 2401; the hollow tubular 101 of the absorbed impulsive force of anti-collision gradually damage device 1; anti-collision air bag 102; rivet 103 (1031; 1032 are rivet); slide block 104; (1041; 1042 are slide block); reinforced rib 1301, the tire 1101 of driving wheel set; wheel hub 1102; brake disc folder 1103; built-in motor 1104; bearing and waterproof; dust keeper 1105; bolt of rear end plate 1106; external motor 1111; transmission shaft 1112; driven bevel pinion (or Hooke's coupling) 1113; driving bevel gear (or Hooke's coupling) 1114; driving pulley 1121; drive belt (or driving chain) 1122; connection wheel hub belt pulley 1123; shaft coupling belt pulley 1124; connection flywheel belt pulley 1125; flywheel 1126; the protection air bag 2001 of power-transfer clutch 1127 and bearing circle; steering indicating light master cock 2002; horn switch 2003; cvt controller 2004; other master cocies 2005～2008 are formed.

From above-mentioned main parts size table as seen, the electronlmobil that the present invention relates to mainly is divided into several big modular functionality unit, is respectively that vehicle frame main beam unit module, anti-collision gradually damage device unit module, transfer central-control processor unit module, battery unit module, drive wheel pair unit module, bearing circle control unit comprise the steering hardware unit module.Here in fact said unit module is exactly a component assembly.It is characterized in that: anti-collision gradually damage device unit, transfer central-control processor unit, battery unit, drive wheel pair unit, bearing circle unit, brake equipment unit etc. need be installed on the vehicle frame main beam unit according to design; With the more high-power power unit that is decomposed into some smaller powers of electronlmobil, adopting and driving wheel set 11 is power take-off unit.Particularly be exactly, the front end of vehicle frame main beam 13 is connected with driving wheel set 11 or the load wheel 14 that is installed on the bogie bracket 15, the rear portion then is connected with device at long driving wheel set 11 or load wheel 14 on coaxial, the motor that drives wheel set 11 is connected with battery 8 by transfer central-control processor 3, after the energized, can drive that to the present invention relates to a kind of fully be the modular electronlmobil that the individual drive distinguished of power also can drive simultaneously with the portable power source.The parts or the assembly of electronlmobil is unit-modularized for the electronlmobil that the present invention relates to, no matter be the manufacturing, maintain and replace, still improvement innovation all has very important significance.Even for the manufacturing, the maintain and replace of general-utility car even any product, the improvement innovation all has very important meaning.

The anti-collision gradually damage device functional unit block: different with common automobile, the electronlmobil that the present invention relates to is installed anti-collision gradually damage device 1 at the front end of vehicle frame main beam 13 especially.It is unbearably damaged behind bump to see a lot of vehicles, and so very difficult reparation the, and the safety that seriously jeopardizes driver and crew are this device of design.Though the volume of device anti-collision gradually damage device 1 is less, it is an important modular functionality unit, and its radical function is crashproof, avoids car body and personal injury as far as possible; Its concrete manifestation then is gradually to decrease, and possesses the material that absorbs strong impact force or structure and the parts repairing easily or change are less damage (gradually decreasing) cost with some, avoids car body and personal injury as far as possible.Gradually decreasing, is exactly to damage gradually, and the impulsive force that successively decreases is protected the intact of personal safety and car body.If reasonably gradually do not decrease, then the crash-proof effect of out of reach also is not easy to reach and as much as possible protects personal safety and car body purpose in working order.As shown in figure 17, anti-collision gradually damage device 1 is made up of hollow tubular 101, hollow tubular 101 in-to-in Anti-bumping protection air bags 102, rivet 103, slide block 104.The reinforced rib 1301 that also has a crashproof retaining on the back of anti-collision gradually damage device 1 vehicle frame main beam 13, anti-limited slip block 104 pours the compartment under strong impact force, injure driver and crew.Hollow tubular 101 is the metal manufacturing that certain intensity is arranged, and also can make by other non-metallic materials; Certain impulsive force can be resisted and greater impact power can be absorbed.During general the impact, easily the hollow tubular of repairing 101 can bear.When impulsive force meets or exceeds setting value; hollow tubular 101 is at first resisted the part impulsive force then with by dynamic deformation absorption portion impulsive force with himself intensity; 102 in Anti-bumping protection air bag is inflated to nearly saturation conditions in moment immediately; the charge air of nearly saturation conditions is about and is inflated to below 95% of saturation conditions, more than 50%.Nearly saturation conditions is a comparatively desirable safe condition, under such state, just can resist the part impulsive force and can absorb a large amount of impulsive forces again.Promptly be inflated to nearly saturation conditions line and may be difficult to resist impulsive force if Anti-bumping protection air bag 102 charge airs are very few with next.If Anti-bumping protection air bag 102 is inflated to complete saturation conditions; can resist impulsive force; but can't absorb impulsive force; the excessive elasticity of gases when being inflated to complete saturation conditions then might cause on the contrary roll etc. dangerous; therefore, Anti-bumping protection air bag 102 can only be inflated to nearly saturation conditions and should not be inflated to complete saturation conditions.That is to say that charge air very few (nearly saturation conditions line is following promptly below 50%) can not be resisted impulsive force, charge air sufficient excessively (saturation conditions is promptly more than 95% fully) can not absorb impulsive force again, all is unsafe.Anti-bumping protection air bag 102 must neatly be folded up the responsibility of awaiting orders to guarantee that it is sensitive when flat.Usually have only an air chamber in the Anti-bumping protection air bag 102, but also can be provided with some independently air chambers as 1021,1022 ..., can be inflated to nearly saturation conditions gradually in moment.Independent air chamber should edge as shown in figure 17 be subjected to force direction to do transversely arranged or does latticed arrangement.Anti-bumping protection air bag 102 must be made with very soft high strength flexible material, all can not tear in whole gas replenishment process, phenomenons such as gas leakage, explosion, and can pack up the continuation repeated usage.Some slide blocks 104 (1041,1042 are arranged in the back of hollow tubular 101 ... 104N) and with rivet or screw or sell 103 (1031,1032 ... 103N, for the purpose of convenient narration, with the rivet is description object) connect successively, last slide block 104N then is connected on the vehicle frame main beam 13.The shape of slide block 104 is regardless of, and can be strip shape, also can be other shapes of being convenient to slippage, and slide block mostly is the metal manufacturing, also can be non-metal, and the surface between slide block can be machined to smooth, also can be processed into the rough surface that delays slippage.The diameter of rivet 103 can be consistent, also can be inconsistent.The less row of rivet of general diameter is listed in preceding (as 103), and the rivet that diameter is bigger then is arranged in the back (as 1031,1032 ... 103N), the diameter maximum of rivet 103N is got the last place side by side.Before can certainly the row of rivet that diameter is bigger being listed in, after the less row of rivet of diameter is listed in.The less rivet of diameter is more easily severed, and the impulsive force of the impulsive force that can only successively decrease is less, and the rivet that diameter is bigger is then difficult to be severed the greater impact power that can successively decrease.When impulsive force met or exceeded setting value, slide block promptly to the direction slippage of tailstock portion, produced shearing force along the direction of impulsive force between slide block, and rivet is severed gradually.At first be that diameter less rivet 103 is severed by the shearing force of the slide block under the less impact force action 104, then impulsive force is promptly weakened relatively, be larger-

diameter rivet

1031,1032 successively ... 103N is by the

slide block

104,1041,1042 under the bigger impact force action ... the shearing force of 104N severs, slide block whenever severs a rivet, and impulsive force is promptly weakened a bit relatively.Destructive impulsive force is constantly sheared rivet with slide block and is decremented to final thoroughly disappearance, reaches the purpose and the effect of protection vehicle.Installing anti-collision gradually damage device 1 can make any automobile comprise to the present invention relates to is that the damage of modular power automobile when being subjected to head-on clashing into that also can drive simultaneously of the individual drive respectively of power is as far as possible little fully with the portable power source---mainly damage hollow tubular 101, rivet 103.Comparatively speaking, the damage meeting of slide block 104, headstock front shroud is less relatively, also more easily repairs.Hollow tubular 101, rivet 103 are more easily changed.In the practical application, not only can adjust the diameter of rivet 103 and adjust shock proof dynamics, the quantity that also can be by adjusting rivet 103 or the material of rivet be adjusted shock proof dynamics, and roughness that can also slide block 104 surfaces is adjusted shock proof dynamics.The form of slide block 104 is regardless of, and can be columniform slide cartridge or other forms, also can spring, hydraulic pressure, air-actuator makes anti-collision gradually damage mechanism.In order to prevent that the slide block on the rear anti-crash gradually damage device 1 from pouring the compartment under strong impact force, shown in Figure 17,17-1, be processed with the reinforced rib 1302 of a crashproof retaining on the vehicle frame main beam 13.Anti-collision gradually damage device is actually a multiple fender guard: hollow tubular 101 can resist and absorption portion impulsive force, the Anti-bumping protection air bag 102 that is inflated to nearly saturation conditions are main can resist and the parts of absorption portion impulsive force, the slide block 104 that is processed with the rough surface that delays slippage can be resisted and absorption portion impulsive force, the rivet 103 that severed by slide block 104 also are main can resisting and the parts of absorption portion impulsive force.Anti-collision gradually damage device 1 also can be installed on other vehicles that need prevent to clash into or other utensils, equipment on.For the safety of battery, also for the safety of the vehicle that clashes into up from the rear, the tailstock can be installed rear anti-crash gradually damage device 10, and rear anti-crash gradually damage device 10 is identical with structure, the function of preceding anti-collision gradually damage device 1.

Baggage container 2 is arranged on the front portion of automobile usually, also can be arranged on rear portion or interior other suitable places of car body of car body certainly.

Transfer central-control processor functional unit block: as shown in Figure 1, transfer central-control processor 3 is the brain of electronlmobil, it is important function unit module very, and in fact transfer central-control processor 3 is exactly a microcomputer, being a power-supply management system, is again the match management system of each functional unit block.Each drives the battery pack 801 that wheel set all has independent power supply the electronlmobil that the present invention relates to, so transfer central-control processor 3 both must drive wheel set 11 with all and be connected, also must be connected with each battery pack 801, should manage and the secondary corresponding independent current source of this drive wheel according to set management program, also will all power supplys be concentrated for any one driving wheel set use or one group of power supply is driven wheel set to each and power respectively according to the instruction of navigating mate.

Transfer central-control processor 3 can be divided into group with driving wheel set, by the function branch, can will be one group as the driving wheel set that turns to guide wheel for example; Also can press the axletree branch, be one group with same driving wheel set on coaxial.Under need the situation than slow train speed, transfer central-control processor 3 can instruct any one to drive wheel set 11 or one group of drive wheel subtask, and remaining drives wheel set 11 and is ready; Under the situation of the very fast speed of a motor vehicle of needs, can instruct several to drive wheel set 11 work, the driving wheel set 11 that does not obtain instruction still is ready; Under the situation that needs are run at high speed, can instruct whole driving wheel sets 11 to work the output maximum power.

Non-emergent glancing impact, slippage switch 2004 (not cutting off the electricity supply) on the transfer central-control processor 3 meeting locking direction dishes 20, behind slippage switch 2004 automatic blockings, no matter whether pass slippage switch 2004, slippage switch 2004 all only keeps original intensity of current and no longer strengthens electric current and give any driving wheel set 11.Navigating mate is faulty operation or is subjectively to think that speed-raising is all impossible, stops the traffic accident that causes because of misoperation to greatest extent.And when promptly stepping brake equipment 12 to set condition under the situation of emergency braking, transfer central-control processor 3 can cut off the power supply that the relevant driving that drives wheel set 11 is advanced, the relevant wheel set that drives of instruction quits work, but other functional units such as braking, illumination still keep mode of operation, and can instruct and drive the wheel set reversing back.Under the state of particularly urgent, counter-rotating that can motor 1104/1111 is promptly moveed backward and is forced emergency braking.After stopping emergency braking, transfer central-control processor 3 must recover the relevant power supply that drives wheel set 11 immediately.The braking classification of transfer central-control processor 3:

Non-emergent braking: any braking mode of brake equipment 1201 comprises sudden stop and vehicle effectively stopped stops the static non-emergent braking that also belongs to, brake equipment 12 steps to the maximum permissible value of setting, still belonging to non-emergent braking---non-emergent braking is not cut off the electricity supply, but the slippage switch 2004 on the meeting locking direction dish 20 prevents maloperation.

Emergency braking: brake equipment 1201 does not have emergency braking function, has only brake equipment 12 that emergency braking function is just arranged---and emergency braking only cuts off the power supply that advances, and other functional units such as braking, illumination still keep mode of operation.

Particularly urgent braking: under the state of particularly urgent, counter-rotating that can motor promptly moves backward the braking of compulsory implement particularly urgent.

The brake equipment functional unit block: the brake equipment modular unit comprises brake and braking wind wing.Brake equipment 12 and 1201 (not drawing among the figure) is foot-operated, can distinguish or the while abrupt deceleration vehicle.Brake equipment 12 can be braked all wheels simultaneously, but at actual glancing impact, be successively from after forward by the wheel braking on the axle, promptly at first from the trailing wheel braking, braking forward successively.The braking of the wheel on each front axle than a back braking of going up wheel, has extremely short hysteresis in time.1201 of brake equipments can only be braked rear wheel, also be successively from after forward by the axle brake wheel.When emergency braking, brake equipment 12 is stepped on the electrical source of power of can the force disconnect vehicle advancing to set condition.When orderly shutdown, no matter whether to cut off the electricity supply, brake equipment 1201 can the same instruction locking vehicle according to navigating mate with the hand brake device on the fuel vehicle.

Because the electronlmobil that the present invention relates to the especially electronlmobil of smaller power wants light far beyond the weight of present fuel-engined vehicle probably, during when higher moving velocity or at emergency braking, may produce ground shakiness, the erratic state of grabbing, so the top at electronlmobil is provided with and the similar braking wind wing of aircraft aileron, can eliminate this hidden danger.Braking wind wing also can be made by high-intensity other non-metallic materials usually with the lightweight metal material manufacturing.As shown in Figure 1, preceding braking wind wing 5, back braking wind wing 6 are swung rise forward when work, but braking wind wing is flat on roof under normal conditions, can increase windage to any swing of 120 ° of previous crops according to the actual conditions of travelling and braking.As shown in figure 13, swing is risen before preceding braking wind wing 5 and back braking wind wing 6 forwards, and angle is less than 90 ° state.The swing angle of braking wind wing is 90 ° in vertical state the time, the windage maximum; When the angle that braking wind wing continues to swing forward was equal to or greater than 90 °, braking effect was best.The difference of preceding braking wind wing 5 and back braking wind wing 6 is that the bottom of preceding braking wind wing 5 is processed with a breach, when swing is risen with window at the bottom of one of the roof formation, the high velocity air end window of braking wind wing 5 in the past passes through, give the roof certain pressure, can increase the stability of electronlmobil, and the high velocity air that passes through under the end window of the past braking wind wing 5 impacts on the braking wind wing 6 of back, can increase braking effect again.Certainly, according to actual conditions, preceding braking wind wing 5 bottoms are machining gap not also, does not form end window with roof.Shown in Figure 13-1,13-2,13-3, can also be connected with preceding braking wind wing 5 by water conservancy diversion wind groove 501.Water conservancy diversion wind groove 501 folding packing up under the common state, glancing impact rises with the swing of preceding braking wind wing 5 and forms water conservancy diversion wind groove, and braking effect can be better.Before the wind area (by the wind area) of braking wind wing 5 can be big with the wind area etc. of back braking wind wing 6, also can not wait big.The vehicle that has can only be provided with a braking wind wing as required, braking wind wing 5 for example only is set or braking wind wing 6 only is set.If braking wind wing 5 only is set, braking wind wing 5 is advisable not process end window.Braking wind wing is a self contained system, be again one can with brake equipment 12, drive the device of stop mechanism 1103 interlocks on the wheel set, at the needs glancing impact, when depressing brake equipment 12/1201, when driving the stop mechanism 1103 clamping brake discs on the wheel set, preceding braking wind wing 5 all can rise simultaneously with back braking wind wing 6, assists car brakeing.When only standing the preceding braking wind wing 5 of control, can not influence the stop mechanism 1103 on brake equipment 12/1201 and the driving wheel set with back braking wind wing 6.Braking wind wing also can be installed on other vehicles that need increase brake efficiency or equipment, the utensil.

Battery functi on unit module: as shown in Figure 1, battery 8 (particularly, because characteristic as the battery of propulsion source, cell can't drive electronlmobil, each drives wheel set respectively the battery pack as propulsion source of oneself again, so battery module unit 8 must be subdivided into cell 802, several cells 802 are formed battery pack 801 in the mode of serial or parallel connection, the summation that several battery pack 801 are battery pack comprises that stand by battery 801 constitutes battery module unit 8, as a means of identification) be placed in the battery compartment 9, for safety, battery compartment 9 is arranged on the rear portion of car body usually, also can disperse to be arranged on other safety in the following or car body at the front portion of car body or seat, suitable place.Battery compartment 9 should have thermal window 7 usually, can certainly not open thermal window.Battery 8 in the battery compartment 9 is divided into some battery pack 801 (not drawing among the figure) usually, a battery pack 801 is independent corresponding with a driving wheel set 11, promptly one drives battery pack 801 of wheel set 11 configurations, guarantee that each battery pack 801 can drive wheel set 11 to one and power, each drives wheel set 11 can both the individual drive electronlmobil.Simultaneously, each Battery pack 801 can be to 11 power supplies of different driving wheel sets under the management of transfer central-control processor 3.

In addition, 9 also have standby battery pack 801 in the battery compartment, in case of need.Because automobile as the particularity of the vehicle, can not be got rid of the possibility of traffic accident.Therefore, should be able to bear certain extruding, bump and do not burn, not explode, under short circuited situation, also require not burn, not explode.

Standby battery pack 801 drives wheel set 11 when flat and is connected with each, can in time switch the battery pack of power shortage when needed, changes even also need not stop on the way under steam.

Charger 803 (not drawing among the figure) has long cable to extend out to power supply from car, both can be all battery pack 801 chargings simultaneously, can also be wherein any one battery pack 801 charging separately.

Charger 803 is each battery pack 801 charging according to fuzzy logic, must guarantee each battery cell 802 sufficient electrical energy.

Onboard charger carries out deep charge for each battery pack 801 usually in several hours, this deep charge method makes the electric weight abundance, and usefulness is better, but also can be each battery pack 801 charging as required fast.

Drive wheel slave function unit module: different fully with fuel-engined vehicle, comprise that with common electronlmobil blended electric power automobile (being called for short " mixing moving ") adopts power single motor big thereby that volume is also bigger also to differ widely, the Electric Vehicle power system that the present invention relates to adopts and drives wheel set (power wheel) 11 is power take-off unit, also be the most important function unit module, drive device on wheel set 11 at each and compare relative less thereby motor that volume is also less with single power of motor.Each drives, and wheel set 11 promptly is equivalent to a puffer or a small machine adds wheel, can the individual drive vehicle after the energized, connect the power supply (driving simultaneously) that all drives wheel set 11 by transfer collection control manager 3, electronlmobil can obtain bigger energy, obtains bigger power.Adopting and driving wheel set 11 is power take-off unit, can obtain bigger torque, and energy consumption is little.

The fundamental that drives wheel set is an electrical convertors and generators wheel hub tire, and tractive performance and load performance have both.Drive wheel set and be divided into built-in driving wheel set and external driving wheel set two big classes usually, external driving wheel set can be divided into connection hub-type driving wheel set again, (characteristics of connection hub-type driving wheel set are shaft coupling formula driving wheel set, the characteristics that flower wheel in the transmission device must be connected with wheel hub, the shaft coupling formula drives wheel set are that flower wheel must be connected with axis of revolution).Necessary lexical or textual analysis before the division: turning to guide wheel is the front-wheel that can turn, must be fitted in usually fixedly on the minor axis, and its position is generally primary shaft.Turning to guide wheel can be to drive wheel set, also can be the load wheel; Both can be built-in driving wheel set, also can be that external hub-type drives wheel set or external shaft coupling formula drives wheel set.From to wheel for cannot initiatively turning or at the wheel of limit to the curved radius of the constraint of device 02 (not drawing the figure) downward modulation turn over, polygamy be contained in coaxial on, its position be generally second and more after axle.From being to drive wheel set, also can be the load wheel to wheel.Now division is as follows:

Be illustrated in figure 9 as built-in driving wheel set 11-1, built-in driving wheel set 11-1 is by built-in motor 1104, tire 1101, wheel hub 1102, brake disc folder 1103, fixedly minor axis 24, bearing and waterproof and dustproof device 1105 and form by the battery pack 801 that the lead bonded assembly can independent power supply.Wheel hub 1102 is connected with fixing minor axis 24 by bearing, can fixedly rotate freely on the minor axis 24.Wheel hub 1102 mostly is the metal manufacturing, also can be high-intensity non-metallic material.Built-in motor 1104 is fixedly mounted in the centre of wheel hub 1102, and the layer structure of built-in motor 1104 is connected with wheel hub 1102 and tight formation one.When the axle of fixing built-in motor 1104, then built-in motor 1104 drives wheel hubs 1102 and rotates simultaneously.Wheel hub 1102 can be processed as one with the layer structure of built-in motor 1104.The fixedly minor axis 24 that built-in driving wheel set 11 adopts can be the axle of built-in motor 1104.Built-in driving wheel set 11 is connected with battery pack 801, transfer collection control manager 3 by lead.Built-in driving wheel set is most typical driving wheel set, and volume is little, and compact conformation has very big development prospect.Turn to the built-in driving wheel set of the more employing of guide wheel.

Be depicted as built-in driving wheel set as Fig. 9-1 and be fitted in the situation of fixing on coaxial 23.

Requiring more high-performance electronlmobil or the driving wheel set that can adopt external motor on the electronlmobil of special purpose is being arranged, be that external hub-type drives wheel set 11-2 as shown in figure 10, external hub-type drives wheel set 11-2 by external motor 1111, tire 1101, wheel hub 1102, brake disc folder 1103, fixedly minor axis 24, bearing and waterproof and dustproof device 1105, transmission shaft 1112, bevel gear pair 1113/114 and form by the battery pack 801 that the lead bonded assembly can independent power supply.Wheel hub 1102 is connected with fixing minor axis 24 by bearing, can fixedly rotate freely on the minor axis 24.Driven bevel pinion 1113 is fixed on the wheel hub 1102.During external motor 1111 rotations, transmission shaft 1112 i.e. rotation simultaneously, and the driving bevel gear 1114 of transmission shaft 1,112 one ends that is rotation also drive driven bevel pinion 1113 rotations.

When adopting as shown in figure 10 external hub-type to drive wheel set when turning to guide wheel, the line of centers of transmission shaft 1112 preferably should with the central lines of kingpin 16 on the front-wheel steering carriage 15 (certainly design, use need the time can not overlap yet, though for example adopt bevel gear not adopt bevel gear promptly can not need the central lines of the line of centers and the kingpin 16 on the front-wheel steering carriage 15 of transmission shaft 1112).Adopt such design, external motor 1111 can be contained in as on the member of driving wheel set that turns to guide wheel, that is to say, external motor 1111 needn't with as turning to the driving wheel set of guide wheel to do turning action together.Otherwise will directly be contained on the auxiliary part that turns to guide wheel, drive wheel could rotate flexibly.The flower wheel that external hub-type drives wheel set 11 should be connected on the wheel hub 1102, drives wheel hub 1102 rotations under the driving of driving wheel.

Also be that external hub-type drives wheel set as shown in figure 11, but the transmission device difference adopt

belt wheel set

1122,1121/1123 transferring power.External hub-type drives wheel set also by external motor 1111, tire 1101, wheel hub 1102, brake disc folder 1103, fixedly minor axis 24, bearing and waterproof and dustproof device 1105 and form by the battery 801 that the lead bonded assembly can independent power supply.Wheel hub 1102 is connected with fixing minor axis 24 by bearing.Wheel hub 1102 can fixedly rotate freely on the minor axis 24.

Be depicted as external hub-type as Figure 10-1,11-1 and drive the situation of wheel set 11 on fixing coaxial 23.

As shown in figure 12 then be that external shaft coupling formula drives wheel set 11-3, form by external motor 1111, tire 1101, wheel hub 1102, brake disc folder 1103, revolution minor axis 2401 and by the battery 801 that the lead bonded assembly can independent power supply, wheel is affixed with being connected to of revolution minor axis 2401, there are not bearing and waterproof and dustproof device 1105, flower wheel 1124 direct connections are on revolution minor axis 2401, during rotation, thereby 2401 rotations of external motor 1111 driving rotational minor axises drive wheel hub 1102 rotations.

External shaft coupling formula drives wheel set also can be for turning to guide wheel, and both can gear pair, the belt wheel set drives, also can Hooke's coupling etc. driving.External shaft coupling formula to the driving wheel set promptly be fitted in the driving wheel set of revolution on coaxial 2301 equally both can gear pair, driving such as belt wheel set.

External shaft coupling formula drive wheel parafacies is for built-in driving wheel set, external hub-type drive wheel set, and is simple in structure, can be equipped with more high-performance motor, thereby make it have bigger power.

Shown in Figure 12-1 then is that external shaft coupling formula drives the situation of wheel set 11-3 in revolution coaxial 2301.

Adopt external hub-type to drive wheel set or external shaft coupling formula and drive wheel set when turning to guide wheel, these do not influence the mechanism that turns to should preferentially to adopt gear pair, Hooke's coupling pair, worm couple.

The form of axletree:

Minor axis is generally the axle that connection turns to guide wheel, and the length of axle is shorter, only takes turns 14 with a driving wheel set 11 or a load usually as shown in figure 16 and is connected.Minor axis has fixing minor axis such as Fig. 9, Figure 10, fixedly minor axis 24 shown in Figure 11, be fixed on as shown in figure 16 the bogie bracket 15 by front-end equipment 17, can not with wheel with changeing; Revolution minor axis revolution minor axis 2401 is as shown in figure 12 arranged, be connected, drive wheel with bogie bracket 15.

Coaxial, be generally the adapter shaft of rear drive wheel set, the length of axle is longer, respectively is equipped with one or several drive wheel sets 11 or load wheel 14 side by side as Fig. 2, two ends shown in Figure 3.Coaxial have fixing coaxial fixing coaxial 23 shown in Fig. 9-1, Figure 10-1, Figure 11-1, be fixed on vehicle frame main beam 13 or other members by rear linkage 22, can not with wheel with commentaries on classics; There is the coaxial revolution shown in Figure 12-1 of revolution coaxial 2301, is connected, the drive wheel with vehicle frame main beam 13.

The characteristics of axis of revolution are the axles that the external motor direct drive connects wheel, thus can on coaxial, install power-transfer clutch, flywheel additional, so that motor can not stop for a long time.Be depicted as external as Figure 12-1 and drive the situation of wheel set 11 in revolution coaxial 2301, in revolution coaxial 2301, flywheel 1126, power-transfer clutch 1127 are housed.Implement external motor 1111 and do not stop by installing flywheel 1126, power-transfer clutch 1127, reduce battery because of sometimes drive, the sometimes electric quantity loss that causes of parking and to the infringement of battery.

The fixedly minor axis 24 that built-in driving wheel set adopts, fixing coaxial 23 can be the axle of built-in motor 1104.

For the convenience of dismantling, no matter be built-in driving wheel set or be that external drives wheel set, all can adopt mode shown in Fig. 9-2 ,-3 to connect as driving wheel set and being connected with the employing polygon of its axle that matches or in the mode of key 01.

The diameter that drives wheel set 11 is smaller than common wheel diameter usually, so that can some wheels of many tandems.The needed torque of the wheel that the torque of less wheel is bigger is little relatively, drive than being easier to, braking effect is relatively also just much better, and safety is higher relatively, so do not influencing under the prerequisite that drives the wheel set dynamic property, drive the wheel footpath of wheel set should be smaller for well.

All driving wheel sets 11 all are connected with battery 801, transfer collection control manager 3 by lead.All leads comprise that the lead of drawing from transfer central-control processor 3 is equipped with different connection terminals according to different purposes, connection terminal on the connecting wire of connection terminal on the connecting wire of same functional unit intermodule and different function units intermodule must have obvious difference, prevents the accident that causes because of misconnection.

With the exception of this, external drives all right Hooke's coupling of transmission device, sprocket wheel chain pair, the worm couple even flowing of wheel set.The speed ratio of flower wheel and driving wheel can be 1: 1, also can be greater than or less than 1: 1.External motor 1111 can be installed on the special framework that drives wheel set, also can be installed on vehicle frame main beam 13 or other the suitable members.If the guide wheel that turns to of front-wheel adopts external hub-type to drive wheel set 11-2, should preferentially select for use gear pair, Hooke's coupling, worm and gear etc. not to influence the transmission device that turns to; If with belt, chain or similar utensil transferring power, external motor 1111 should be installed on the special framework of wheel, could not influence the function that turns to of before driving wheel set 11; The external motor 1111 that is contained in the rear drive wheel set 11 on fixing coaxial 23 then can be installed on the vehicle frame main beam 13 or on other suitable members.Before driving wheel set 11 device usually is processed with kingpin 16, and is equiped with front-end equipment (Shock absorber) 17 on bogie bracket 15 on the bogie bracket 15.

Because the characteristic of machinery, driving wheel set 11 on the minor axis can turn to, driving wheel set 11 on coaxial cannot turn to, and therefore, the driving wheel set in fixing coaxial 23, the revolution coaxial 2301 also can adopt the

minor axis

24 or 2401 that can turn to according to the actual needs of four-wheel steering.If rear drive wheel set 11 adopts

minor axis

24 or 2401, then should adopt bogie bracket 15 simultaneously.If rear drive wheel set 11 adopts

minor axis

24 or 2401, should install limit to device 02, restriction adopts the rear drive wheel set 11 of

minor axis

24 or 2401 freely to turn to can only be with the turn radius adjustment in the very little angle of setting, and should recover and keep stable with the tropism when keeping straight on automatically.The common installing rear linkage (Shock absorber) 22 of rear drive wheel set 11, but also can install front-end equipment (Shock absorber) 17.

Adopt the external hub-type driving wheel set of bevel gear pair 1113/114 can be installed in Vehicular body front, adopt the external hub-type driving wheel set of Hooke's coupling pair, worm couple also comparatively to suit to be installed in Vehicular body front for turning to guide wheel for turning to guide wheel; Adopt the external hub-type drive wheel synetion of

belt wheel set

1122,1121/1123 to turn to reason to be installed in to turn to the back of guide wheel more, adopt the external hub-type of sprocket wheel chain pair to drive the comparatively suitable back that turns to guide wheel that is installed in of wheel set.Certainly, adopting the external hub-type of

belt wheel set

1122,1121/1123 to drive wheel set also can be for turning to guide wheel on the member of drive wheel as long as external motor 1111 directly is contained in.

The driving of the most of vehicles of electronlmobil that the present invention relates to or be carried as the diaxon vehicle, but the above vehicle of diaxon is also arranged.The definition of axletree classification: the vehicle of front and back diaxon turns to axle headed by the guide wheel (primary shaft), second to be tailing axle; Before and after three vehicle, turning to axle headed by the guide wheel (primary shaft), second is tailing axle for abdomen axle, third axle; Bigger or oversized vehicle can have a plurality of abdomen axles behind first axle, last is a tailing axle.The axle that drives wheel set 11 is housed is axle drive shaft, the axle that load wheel 14 is housed is weight loading axis, the axle that drives wheel set 11 but also load wheel 14 is housed not only has been housed has been the axle of pulling together.Bigger vehicle can be equipped with a plurality of axle drive shafts also can be equipped with a plurality of weight loading axis, and a plurality of axles of pulling together can also be housed.

As shown in Figure 1, have again in existing driving wheel set under the situation of load wheel, driving wheel set can also can take turns to turning to guide wheel by load for turning to guide wheel.

The electronlmobil that the present invention relates to both can all be equipped with and drive wheel set 11, also can be equipped with load wheel (load-carrying wheel) 14 in right amount, reduced driving the infringement of wheel set 11.Load wheel (load-carrying wheel) 14 is as good as with common wheel.

Angle from more rational power arrangement, if on the vehicle of front and back diaxon, drove wheel set 11 as shown in Figure 2 both employing of Fig. 1, adopt the words of load wheel 14 again, should with before driving wheel set 11 and being installed in for well, this is to be installed in preceding for creeping because drive wheel set 11, be installed in the back for carrying out, the usefulness that the usefulness of creeping is carried out is for well.Certainly also can adopt load wheel 14 by front-wheel on design-calculated needs, trailing wheel adopts and drives wheel set 11.

If on the vehicle of front and back diaxon as Fig. 3 shown in Figure 4 fixing coaxial 23 or turn round both to have adopted on coaxial 2301 and drive wheel set 11, adopt the words of load wheel 14 again, should be installed in the outside for well with driving wheel set 11, this is to be installed in inboard dynamic property for well because drive the dynamic property in the wheel set 11 installing outsides, and load wheel 14 is installed in the inboard, load-bearing property is installed in the outside and will gets well.Certainly also can adopt load wheel 14 in the outside on design-calculated needs, the inboard employing drives wheel set 11.

If on the vehicle more than the diaxon, drove wheel set 11 as shown in Figure 8 both employing of Fig. 5 Fig. 6 Fig. 7, adopt the words of load wheel 14 again, should be installed in the most last axle and last axle, load wheel 14 and be installed on the abdomen axle to well driving wheel set 11, this is because drive the two ends that wheel set is installed in vehicle, the existing power of creeping before stronger, stronger back implementation is arranged again, and tractive performance is installed in vehicle than load wheel 14 two ends are for well.And load wheel 14 is installed in the midfield of vehicle, load-bearing property is better.Certainly on design-calculated needs, also load can be taken turns 14 and be installed in the two ends of vehicle, and will drive the midfield that wheel set 11 is installed in vehicle.

Adopting on the standard that drives wheel set, both can all adopt a kind of standard, for example all adopt built-in driving wheel set to be called built-in full driving or all adopt external driving wheel set to be called external and drive entirely, also can adopt the mixing standard, promptly on same car, both adopted built-in driving wheel set, and adopted external to drive wheel set again and be called the full driving of the system of mixing.Also can adopt the special standard of mixing, promptly adopt built-in driving wheel set to adopt external to drive wheel set and load wheel again simultaneously, can be described as the system of mixing half and drive.

Thisly utilize drive wheel slave function unit module and successfully high-power demand is decomposed into method, the technology of the power unit of some smaller powers, solved the biggest problem that single power is nonserviceabled and can't be worked down---because itself is exactly the complete of power function unit more than and perfect system comparatively, in fact also got rid of the essentiality of so-called hybrid power.The both unnecessary property of hybrid power does not just have reasonableness yet and can say.And, with drive wheel set not only respectively individual drive but also can drive simultaneously compare, hybrid power can only be realized respectively individual drive and drives (hybrid power can certainly be realized driving simultaneously technically at all adventures, but runs counter to the basic demand of economic rationality certainly) most when can not effectively realize meeting economic rationality to switch.

The vehicle frame functional unit block: vehicle frame main beam 13 is that what the present invention relates to fully is the modular unit of the individual drive distinguished of the power modular power automobile maximum that also can drive simultaneously with the portable power source, the manufactured materials of vehicle frame main beam 13 can adopt metal, also can adopt the other materials of sufficient mechanical strength.Be processed with various technology assembly openings on the vehicle frame main beam 13, be beneficial to equipped different functional unit block and comprise the equipped more wheel set that drives.Theoretically speaking pure, possess the vehicle frame main beam 13 of enough length and width, just can be equipped with abundant driving wheel set.

The front end of vehicle frame main beam 13 is connected with front-wheel steering carriage 15 by front frame 21, and the rear portion of vehicle frame main beam 13 is connected with back fixing coaxial 23 or back revolution coaxial 2301.The rear wheel of big vehicle can be as Fig. 5, Fig. 6, the continuous tandem of Fig. 7, Fig. 8 at vehicle frame main beam 13.Under the situation of four wheel drive, the rear portion of vehicle frame main beam 13 also can with adopted

minor axis

24 or 2401 thereby also should be connected with bogie bracket 15.Front end at vehicle frame main beam 13 has a crashproof retaining reinforced rib 1301, and also there is a crashproof retaining reinforced rib 1302 rear end, and anti-limited slip block 104 pours the compartment under strong impact force, injure driver and crew.

Vehicle frame main beam 13 can also according to different vehicle for example the special purpose of special vehicle be designed to structure shown in Figure 18, Figure 18-1, before and after vehicle frame main beam 13 is divided into two section 1311/1312.As shown in figure 18, the latter half of back vent that is processed with of front vehicle frame girder 1311, be connected with back vehicle frame main beam 1312, and it is fixing with binding bolt 1313, back vehicle frame main beam 1312 can move forward and backward in the back vent of front vehicle frame girder 1311, make vehicle frame main beam 13 can adjust length as required, so that load bigger longer heavier object; Shown in Figure 18-1, front vehicle frame girder 1311 is connected to extend clamping plate 1314 with 1312 of the vehicle frame main beams in back, and also fixing with binding bolt 1313, back vehicle frame main beam 1312 can move forward and backward, the length of vehicle frame main beam 13 so can adjust as required.Whenever necessary vehicle frame main beam 13 is elongated, and optionally install the power wheel set additional, can hold more occupant or load more goods, promptly vehicle frame main beam 13 can be restored to the original state after finishing the work.

All can be equipped with on container trailer frame, the large-scale or oversized flat truck drives wheel set 11, need not make big-powered tractor especially again, thereby makes these special facilities for transport and communication have more extensive use, control means more flexibly.

Thisly utilize drive wheel slave function unit module and successfully high-power demand is decomposed into method, the technology of the power unit of some smaller powers, for example go on other any adapters on electric power tank, troop transporter, the electric power ships, also can be used on the aerospace vehicle for example electric power aircraft even.

The bearing circle modular unit: most of controller of the electronlmobil that the present invention relates to is controlled for convenience and is installed on the bearing circle 20.The form of bearing circle 20 can be shown in Figure 15 (can be described as the full moon formula), Figure 15-1 (can be described as the space flight formula), Figure 15-2 (can be described as the crescent formula), Figure 15-3 (can be described as the first quarter moon formula), and is novel, attractive in appearance, practical.The steering shaft of bearing circle is connected with turning to adaptor union 18, steerage gear head 19.The bearing circle modular unit is connected with turning to guide wheel, and control turns to the deflection angle of guide wheel when turning.During steering wheel rotation 20, turn to guide wheel promptly to take place and rotation direction device 20 rotation in the same way.The slippage switch 2004 of control rate directly is assemblied on the bearing circle 20, convenient controlling.Slippage switch 2004 is stepless change switches, also can be set to the level section and control fast switch, and the speed of a motor vehicle can be set at stepless change, also can be set at level section control speed, promptly is divided into so-called one grade, the extremely some shelves of second gear.Most of master cock such as steering indicating light master cock 2002, horn switch 2003 and other master cocies 2005～2008 also all are assemblied on the bearing circle 20.When serious bump took place, the protection air bag 2001 on the bearing circle 20 can be opened when the Anti-bumping protection air bag 102 of anti-collision gradually damage device 1 is opened, the protection mental awareness.

The maximum characteristics of bearing circle 20 are the main actuation means with the regular fuel automobile---throttle, brake, power-transfer clutch are well-separated, brake equipment separates fully by different human organs and controls with starting (power) device, both hands relate to engine installation only and do not relate to brake equipment, both feet relate to brake equipment only and can not relate to engine installation, each takes charge of its duty, thereby has avoided the navigating mate should braking brake and the wrong situation of having stepped on throttle fully.

The electronlmobil that the present invention relates to adopts the functional unit block design, and structure is more simple, not only saves a large amount of manufacturing expenses, has also saved a large amount of service expenditures.Any culture, general technical ability arranged substantially can buy functional unit block being made by manufacturers or users or maintenance per capita.

Claims

1. electric automobile with telescopic body, it comprises the vehicle frame main beam (13) that supports car body, be installed in drive wheel pair unit (11) on the girder by axletree as power wheel, the transfer central-control processor unit (3) that is used for the Control of Automobile operation, battery unit (8), bearing circle unit (20) and brake equipment unit, it is characterized in that: described vehicle frame main beam (13) comprises front vehicle frame girder (1311) and back vehicle frame main beam (1312), before this, back vehicle frame main beam (1311,1312) be fastenedly connected by the mode of connecting device with adjustable car load frame girder (13) entire length.

2. electric automobile with telescopic body as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that: front vehicle frame girder (1311) latter half is provided with the back vent that has two extension arms, and be provided with the knock hole of a plurality of spaces on two extension arms relatively, and the also corresponding mounting hole that is provided with the space on the back vehicle frame main beam (1312), this back vehicle frame main beam (1312) is installed between two extension arms of back vent, and is fastenedly connected by bolt and two extension arms that are arranged in described knock hole and mounting hole.

3. electric automobile with telescopic body as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that: be connected by two extension clamping plate (1314) between described front vehicle frame girder (1311) and back vehicle frame main beam (1312), this front vehicle frame girder (1311) and back vehicle frame main beam (1312) are equipped with the mounting hole of a plurality of spaces, the also corresponding knock hole that is provided with a plurality of spaces of described extension clamping plate (1314), described front vehicle frame girder (1311) is connected by the bolted that is arranged in described knock hole and mounting hole with described extension clamping plate (1314) with back vehicle frame main beam (1312).