CN1849946A - Plum product forced ventilating green house-heat-collector type solar drying apparatus - Google Patents
Plum product forced ventilating green house-heat-collector type solar drying apparatus Download PDFInfo
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- CN1849946A CN1849946A CNA2006100109103A CN200610010910A CN1849946A CN 1849946 A CN1849946 A CN 1849946A CN A2006100109103 A CNA2006100109103 A CN A2006100109103A CN 200610010910 A CN200610010910 A CN 200610010910A CN 1849946 A CN1849946 A CN 1849946A
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Abstract
The present invention relates to a forced ventilation greenhouse-heat-collector type solar drying equipment for plum product. Said invention belongs to an equipment for drying fruits and vegetables, and is aimed at providing a solar drying equipment for drying preserved fruits products, such as preserved plum, preserved apricots and others. Said solar drying equipment includes the following several portions: air heat-collector, greenhouse, extractor fan, fan-driven generator, photovoltaic cell and power supply. Said invention also provides the concrete structures of said air heat-collector and greenhouse.
Description
Affiliated technical field
The invention belongs to the equipment that is used for dry fruit, vegetables.
Background technology
The north, height above sea level 1600-2500m the western regions of the Yunnan Province belongs to low latitude plateau monsoon weather, the illumination abundance, and four seasons gentleness, Xia Qiu is rainy, and low temperature is outstanding.The dam district is 2061-2485 hour the whole year at sunshine, daily mean temperature is all more than 0 ℃ all the year round, 17.1 ℃-13.3 ℃ of average temperatures of the whole year, 6241.5 ℃-4124.5 ℃ of year total accumulated temperature, along with the height above sea level elevated temperature reduces gradually, be distributed as the torrid zone, temperate zone and frigid zone by the about 1600m of height above sea level valley to high and cold district weather more than the 2500m, vertical differentiation is fairly obvious.This regional plum cultivated area is wide, output is sufficient, produce nearly ten thousand tons on bright plum per year, and quality is superior, and plum product is one of this area's pillar industry.
In the process of plum product, account for larger proportion drying time, be example with preserved plum production, account for 70% of the whole production time drying time.Traditional teds in the open, and baking temperature is low, the time is long, arranged by natural climate condition, and sanitary condition is poor; uneven drying is even; need the large tracts of land threshing ground, can not get fine quality dry products, more limited scale, the benefit production of plum product.And adopting the raw coal drying, one ton of plum product need consume raw coal more than a ton, not only can increase the goods cost, and can destroy and pollution of ecological environment.The domestic existing relevant report of the dry agricultural byproducts of solar energy drying equipment, but still useless in the solar energy equipment of plum product drying.
Summary of the invention
The purpose of this invention is to provide efficient, energy-saving and environmental protection, be used for the solar drying apparatus of all kinds of preserved plum products and preserved fruit series products dryings such as carving Lee, carving plum.
The present invention realizes by following approach: comprise greenhouse 15, the air collector 17 that communicates with greenhouse 15 is characterized in that:
A. the air collector height is 150～170mm, and wave mode heat collection chip 7 is separated into two air ducts with heat collector cavity, and wherein, sunny slope air duct 2 highly is 1.8～2.2 times of opaco air duct 3 height, heat collector air inlet 18 dress air cleaners 8;
C. air collector air outlet 19 directly is connected with greenhouse air inlet 16, in both junctions extraction fan is installed;
D. wind-driven generator, photovoltaic cell power supply as the air collector extraction fan in parallel with batteries are connected with extraction fan by metal-oxide-semiconductor field effect transistor, metal-oxide-semiconductor field effect transistor grid and reverse operational amplifier A
4The triode Q of output
1Colelctor electrode connects, and the control metal-oxide-semiconductor field effect transistor ends or conducting.
Described heat collector is 2000mm * 1000mm * (160～180) mm cuboid, and its backboard 1 has threaded connector, assembles with modular parallel for a plurality of heat collectors.
The ratio of described greenhouse charging tray 11 areas and heat collection chip area is 1.25～1.33: between 1.
Described reverse operational amplifier A
4The reverse operational amplifier A of in-phase end and open loop
1-A
3After the in-phase end parallel connection, by voltage-stabiliser tube ZD
1Ground connection, operational amplifier A
1-A
4End of oppisite phase is respectively by electrochemical capacitor C
1-C
4Ground connection, the reverse operational amplifier A of open loop
1-A
3Output respectively with LED
1-LED
4Connect, constitute the supply voltage indicating circuit.
Before the design of this device, we have studied the drying property of bubble plum.In the rate of drying starting stage, plum fruit surface moisture evaporation capacity is big, rate of drying is fast; When evaporating of surface moisture, the very fast decline of rate of drying; After treating whole being heated of plum fruit, go out in conjunction with elutriation in the fruit, rate of drying rises to some extent.Along with the minimizing of residue moisture content, rate of drying descends gradually.If the starting stage temperature is too high, what the plum fruit was inner goes out the too late afterwards just vaporization rapidly of epidermis of separating out in conjunction with elutriation, makes the very fast crust of plum fruit epidermis, and steam is wrapped in the epidermis and can't get out, drying effect is bad on the contrary, and it is comparatively suitable that baking temperature steadily remains between the 50-80 degree.Except that the starting stage, after bubble plum residue moisture content was about 48%, the rate of drying change curve was steady relatively.The over dry quality that the bubble plum dewaters fully accounts for 31.92% of initial mass, but moisture content is generally 1/2, could guarantee quality of item.
The length of air collector and thickness proportion are directly connected to the thermal efficiency and the outlet temperature of heat collector.With the wave mode heat collection chip heat collector cavity is separated into two air ducts, the wave mode heat collection chip can increase heat exchange area; The sunny slope air duct is 1.8～2.2 times of opaco air duct, and not only the air collector outlet temperature can reach 70 ℃, and exchange heat is abundant in the heat collector; In hot state change process, heat passes to greenhouse plum embryo from heat collector, and temperature drops to about 50 ℃, is suitable for the dry temperature that needs of plum.
Directly connect between air channel and the greenhouse and as a wholely can reduce the air channel thermal losses, improve the thermal efficiency, reduce manufacturing cost.
The plum baking temperature just in time with solar energy heat utilization field in the low-temperature heat source utilization be complementary, utilize the solar energy drying plum product, can shorten drying time; avoid plum to pollute; the grade of improving the quality of products especially can reduce the consumption conventional energy resource, protects national resource.Therefore, the present invention adopts the solar drying apparatus good effect of Optimization Design design plum product to be: utilize the solar energy drying plum to avoid consuming conventional energy resource, play the positive role of protection the Changjiang river, Erhai forest which maintains a water source, help building green ecological economy; Material is tedding under area the same terms, and the drying time of plum kind is for tedding the 14%-40% of time in the open; To long more plum product arid cycle, the drying effect of this device is good more; Plum product cleaning, health, quality is improved largely, and particularly the preserved fruit series products that dry mass is had relatively high expectations is particularly evident, can promote the intensivization development of increasing peasant income and fruit processing industry.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is an air collector of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a greenhouse of the present invention front view.Fig. 3 is a greenhouse of the present invention side view.
Fig. 4 can dry device for greenhouse air heat collector solar of the present invention.
Fig. 5 is the force ventilated extraction fan power circuit of greenhouse of the present invention heat collector.
Fig. 6 is bubble plum wet basis plot of water cut figure.
Fig. 7 is the mean temperature curve map in one day inner drying greenhouse.
Fig. 8 is the intraday curve map of dry greenhouse each layer temperature.
Fig. 9 is greenhouse load average temperature rise fraction figure between dry period.
The specific embodiment
(1) solar drying apparatus of the present invention
1.1 single air collector
As Fig. 1, Fig. 2, Fig. 3 and shown in Figure 4, comprising: collect ripe device backboard 1, sunny slope air duct 2, opaco air duct 3, support 4, heat-insulation layer 5, glass 6, heat collection chip 7, air cleaner 8, press strip 9, threaded connector 10, charging tray 11, piston rod 12, material door 13, moisture exhausting port 14, greenhouse 15, greenhouse air inlet 16, air collector 17, heat collector air inlet 18, heat collector air outlet 19, greenhouse support 20.
The size of air collector 17 is 2000mm * 1000mm * 160mm, the heat collector cavity cover plate is that 4mm heavy sheet glass 6 covers, in heat collector, be fixed on the heat collector inner edge frame bracket 4 as heat collection chip 7 with thick, the surperficial blacking of 0.5mm, wave mode galvanized sheet, heat collector cavity is separated into two gas channels, and the sunny slope air duct is 2 times of opaco air duct.Around the heat collector and bottom is a heat-insulation layer 5, wherein, all around with 20mm polyurethane foaming sealing, the bottom thick polystyrene sealing of 50mm.The air cleaner 8 that heat collector air inlet 18 is installed metal gauze intercepts dust.Air collector 17 mounted angles are 30 °, and the system attitude angle is 5 ° of positive souths by west.
Greenhouse 15 is a polyhedron, and the sunny slope base angle is that 120 °, angle of inclination beta are that 130 °, drift angle γ are 110 °, and its sunny slope, two sides and end face are made of transparent glass, and transparent surface is made of 3mm glass; Back side system material door 13, its upper limb is connected with the piston rod 12 of oil cylinder or cylinder, is that the arm of force makes material door 13 rotate around the upper limb axle with piston rod 12, and material door 13 is used for input and output material.15 back sides, greenhouse and bottom surface polystyrene heat-preservation.
Greenhouse air inlet 16 directly is connected with air collector air outlet 19, and end face is shaped on moisture exhausting port 14.Greenhouse end face apparent size is 1030mm * 758mm, is divided into 4 layers, joins stainless steel wire charging tray 11.
1.2 the air collector that modularization connects
Be connected and fixed 50 air collectors with the threaded connector 10 on heat collector 17 backboards 1 and be assembled into a row side by side, with the corresponding placement in greenhouse at the top that is installed in heat collector, be installed in the top of heat collector, the material efficient drying gross area that is provided is about 133m
2Charging tray 11 areas are 1.33: 1 with the area ratio of heat collection chip 7 in the greenhouse.
1.3 the force ventilated extraction fan power circuit of greenhouse heat collector
As Fig. 5, wind-driven generator, photovoltaic cell power supply as the air collector extraction fan in parallel with batteries are connected the reverse operational amplifier A of metal-oxide-semiconductor field effect transistor grid and closed loop with ventilating fan by metal-oxide-semiconductor field effect transistor
4The triode Q of output
1Colelctor electrode connects, and the control metal-oxide-semiconductor field effect transistor ends or conducting; In this circuit, differential operational amplifier A
1-A
3By comparing wind-driven generator, solar cell and battery both end voltage, indication electricity generation and electromotion gesture current potential height.Voltage-stabiliser tube ZD
2At triode Q
1During conducting, keep between the metal-oxide-semiconductor field effect transistor grid leak utmost point reverse biased stable and have stable operating point, change RP
4Can adjust ventilating fan dc motor coil current, i.e. the exhaust air rate size.
The reverse operational amplifier A of open loop
1-A
3The in-phase end parallel connection after by voltage-stabiliser tube ZD
1Ground connection, in-phase end obtain a stable reference voltage; End of oppisite phase is respectively by electrochemical capacitor C
1-C
3Ground connection is worked as K
1When closed, electrochemical capacitor C
1-C
3Pass through resistance R
1-R
3Charging, its current potential are higher, oppositely operational amplifier A
1-A
3Output is lower, corresponding LED
1-LED
3The conducting indication constitutes the cell voltage indicating circuit.Except, RP
1-RP
3For adjusting the resistance potentiometer of indicating potential height.
(2) thermodynamic property of apparatus of the present invention
2.1 method of testing and weather conditions
Adopt the collector area 6m of forced air convection mode
2Heat collector-greenhouse type solar drying apparatus.Above greenhouse inlet, outlet, four layered material dishes and the place of sheltering from heat or light respectively arrange a point for measuring temperature, shelter from heat or light place's point for measuring temperature as environment temperature, thermometric adopts the PT100 temperature sensor, shows at heat collector and arranges pyranometer collection solar radiation value, adopts TRMBV3 type temperature radiation recorder.Before the 9:00 and the late 18:00 institute's dried material of weighing later on, draw greenhouse dry materials water desorption curve every day in the morning.
The weather conditions solar radiation is up to 30.72MJ/m between dry period
2, minimum is 21.07MJ/m
2, environment temperature on average changes from 15.5 ℃-19.1 ℃.
2.2 test result
Shown in Figure 6, the drying curve in the greenhouse in bubble plum wet basis moisture content change curve and the insulating box compares, and trend is very approaching, shows that the constant temperature effect of this device is better.Wherein, the wet basis moisture content is defined as follows:
In the formula, ω-wet basis moisture content, %; Contained humidity quality in the W-wet stock, kg; G-over dry quality of material.
The bubble plum of test usefulness is that fresh plum is really through adding salted primary raw materials after soaking, fermenting, through the insulating box experimental test, its initial wet basis moisture content is more stable, be about 68%, after super-dry, desalination operation, obtain the dried plum embryo of intermediate raw material, its wet basis moisture content (equilibrium moisture content) is also more stable, be about 31.25%, bubble plum wet basis moisture content change curve in the contrast greenhouse, the two is very approaching.
Shown in Figure 7, temperature changing trend and variation of ambient temperature trend basically identical in the greenhouse, thermal inertia is little in the greenhouse.With the increase of solar radiation, the very fast rising of temperature in the greenhouse, the time that medium temperature chamber was the highest in one day when 14:00 about.
Shown in Figure 8, maximum temperature reaches 72 ℃ in the greenhouse, and upper strata, greenhouse temperature is slightly higher than lower floor.
Among Fig. 9, hothouse temperature rise fraction is meant that hothouse maintains the ratio of a certain temperature rise above running time and total run time.As shown in the figure, fraction fraction fraction 13% more than 80%, 25 ℃ more than 100%, 20 ℃ more than 15 ℃.Illustrate that temperature rise of the present invention is higher, can be under higher temperature condition continuous service.
At the dry initial stage, mostly be surface moisture owing to deviate from moisture, it is big that moisture is deviate from amount, so drying efficiency is higher; In dry latter stage, deviate from mostly to be internal junction Heshui branch, deviate from difficulty of moisture, it is also less that moisture is deviate from amount, and drying efficiency is on the low side.And different material, day thermal efficiency difference is bigger.
This device thermal efficiency η is that benchmark calculates with four kinds of plum materials,
In the formula, D is the average dehydrating amount of material; γ is the gasification latent heat of water; C
PwSpecific heat at constant pressure for water; T
0Be dry greenhouse delivery temperature, T
aBe environment temperature; Q
vFor auxiliary thermal source adds heat: Q
pPower consumption for blower fan; Q
sBe average solar radiation quantity.Result such as following table:
| The bubble plum | The carving plum | Carving Lee | The desalination plum | |
| High thermal efficiency | 23.89％， | 26.3％ | 37.05％ | 37.7％ |
| The average day thermal efficiency | 7.3％ | 14.8％ | 20.9％ | 37.7％ |
(3) under identical percentage of water loss condition drying time of the present invention with ted chronergy in the open relatively
Under the homoclime condition during the contrast test, solar day, radiation was up to 30.72MJ/m in the winter time
2, minimum is 21.07MJ/m
2, 15.5 ℃-19.1 ℃ of environment temperature on average, greenhouse and open-air material are spread area out and are maintained an equal level, and put to be individual layer and closely to spread.Wherein, charging tray area in greenhouse is 132.48m
2, the charging tray area is 1.33: 1 with heat collection chip area ratio; Ted in the open on built on stilts thin bamboo strip and carry out, evening and rainy day cover with plastic foil.As a result, promptly same floor space can make dry output improve 2.5-7 doubly in order to ted the 14%-40% of time in the open nine kinds of plum product drying times in the greenhouse.Concrete data are as follows:
Table 1, bubble plum trial production result
| The name of an article | The dry time spent (my god) | Raw material initial weight (kg) | Finished product end heavy (kg) | Fluid loss (kg) | Percentage of water loss (%) | Ted the time spent in the open (my god) |
| The | 13 | 486.38 | 238.97 | 247.41 | 51 | About 90 |
In dry latter stage, tangible hygroscopic effect has appearred in the higher bubble plum of saliferous, and daytime, the drying and dehydrating rate descended, and most of bubble plum epidermis has the salt size separation to go out, and helps carrying out next step desalination operation.
Table 2, desalination plum trial production result
| The name of an article | The dry time spent (hour) | Sunshine time (hour) | Raw material initial weight (kg) | Finished product end heavy (kg) | Fluid loss (kg) | Percentage of water loss (%) | Ted the time spent in the open (hour) |
| The desalination plum | 32 | 15 | 162.49 | 122.15 | 40.34 | 13.8 | About 96 |
Table 3, carving plum trial production result
| The name of an article | The dry time spent (hour) | Sunshine time (hour) | Raw material initial weight (kg) | Finished product end heavy (kg) | Fluid loss (kg) | Percentage of water loss (%) | Ted the time spent in the open (hour) |
| The carving plum | 73 | 25 | 67.898 | 53.774 | 14.124 | 21 | About 192 |
Table 4, carving Lee produce the result as a trial
| The name of an article | The dry time spent (hour) | Sunshine time (hour) | Raw material initial weight (kg) | Finished product end heavy (kg) | Fluid loss (kg) | Percentage of water loss (%) | Ted the time spent in the open (hour) |
| Carving Lee | 75.5 | 27 | 71.784 | 47.425 | 24.359 | 13.8 | About 216 |
Table 5, ice plum candy trial production result
| The name of an article | The dry time spent (hour) | Sunshine time (hour) | Raw material initial weight (kg) | Finished product end heavy (kg) | Fluid loss (kg) | Percentage of water loss (%) | Ted the time spent in the open (hour) |
| Ice plum candy | 47 | 15 | 198.784 | 127.056 | 71.728 | 36 | About 120 |
Table 6, blue or green preserved plum trial production result
| The name of an article | The dry time spent (hour) | Sunshine time (hour) | Raw material initial weight (kg) | Finished product end heavy (kg) | Fluid loss (kg) | Percentage of water loss (%) | Ted the time spent in the open (hour) |
| Blue or green preserved plum | 75 | 26 | 185.165 | 119.864 | 65.301 | 35.2 | About 240 |
Table 7, crisp plum trial production result
| The name of an article | The dry time spent (hour) | Sunshine time (hour) | Raw material initial weight (kg) | Finished product end heavy (kg) | Fluid loss (kg) | Percentage of water loss (%) | Ted the time spent in the open (hour) |
| Crisp plum | 55 | 22 | 43.618 | 28.17 | 15.448 | 35.4 | About 144 |
Table 8, preserved plum trial production result
| The name of an article | The dry time spent (hour) | Sunshine time (hour) | Raw material initial weight (kg) | Finished product end heavy (kg) | Fluid loss (kg) | Percentage of water loss (%) | Ted the time spent in the open (hour) |
| Preserved plum | 4.5 | 4.5 | 48.102 | 40.462 | 7.64 | 7.6 | About 11 |
Table 9, honey Lee produce the result as a trial
| The name of an article | The dry time spent (hour) | Sunshine time (hour) | Raw material initial weight (kg) | Finished product end heavy (kg) | Fluid loss (kg) | Percentage of water loss (%) | Ted the time spent in the open (hour) |
| Honey Lee | 119 | 39 | 48.65 | 34.958 | 13.692 | 28 | About 336 |
Annotate: received the 11.754kg finished product, and accounted for 34% of finished product total amount in dry back 2 days.
Claims (4)
1, plum product forced ventilating green house-heat-collector type solar drying device comprises greenhouse (15), and the air collector (17) that communicates with greenhouse (15) is characterized in that:
A. air collector (17) highly is 150～170mm, wave mode heat collection chip (7) is separated into two air ducts with heat collector cavity, and wherein, sunny slope air duct (2) highly is 1.8～2.2 times of opaco air duct (3) height,, heat collector air inlet (18) dress air cleaner (8);
B. greenhouse (15) are polyhedron, the sunny slope base angle is that 120 °, angle of inclination beta are that 130 °, drift angle γ are 110 °, its sunny slope, two sides and end face are made of transparent glass, back side system material door (13), its upper limb is connected with the piston rod (12) of oil cylinder or cylinder, is that the arm of force makes material door (13) rotate around the upper limb axle with piston rod (12);
C. air collector air outlet (19) directly is connected with greenhouse air inlet (16), in both junctions extraction fan is installed;
D. wind-driven generator, photovoltaic cell extraction fan power supply as air collector (17) in parallel with batteries are connected with extraction fan by metal-oxide-semiconductor field effect transistor, metal-oxide-semiconductor field effect transistor grid and reverse operational amplifier A
4The triode Q of output
1Colelctor electrode connects, and the control metal-oxide-semiconductor field effect transistor ends or conducting.
2. plum product forced ventilating green house-heat-collector type solar drying device according to claim 1, it is characterized in that air collector (17) is 2000mm * 1000mm * (160～180) mm cuboid, its backboard (1) has threaded connector (10), assembles with modular parallel for a plurality of heat collectors.
3. plum product forced ventilating green house-heat-collector type solar drying device according to claim 1, the ratio that it is characterized in that greenhouse charging tray (11) area and heat collection chip (7) area is 1.25～1.33: between 1.
4, plum product forced ventilating green house-heat-collector type solar drying device according to claim 1 is characterized in that reverse operational amplifier A
4The reverse operational amplifier A of in-phase end and open loop
1-A
3The in-phase end parallel connection is again by voltage-stabiliser tube ZD
1Ground connection, and end of oppisite phase is respectively by electrochemical capacitor C
1-C
4Ground connection, the reverse operational amplifier A of open loop
1-A
3Output respectively with LED
1-LED
4Connect, constitute the supply voltage indicating circuit.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CNB2006100109103A CN100389688C (en) | 2006-05-22 | 2006-05-22 | Plum product forced ventilating green house-heat-collector type solar drying apparatus |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CNB2006100109103A CN100389688C (en) | 2006-05-22 | 2006-05-22 | Plum product forced ventilating green house-heat-collector type solar drying apparatus |
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| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN1849946A true CN1849946A (en) | 2006-10-25 |
| CN100389688C CN100389688C (en) | 2008-05-28 |
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Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN101861906A (en) * | 2010-03-05 | 2010-10-20 | 王卓伟 | Production method of preserved plums |
| CN107087805A (en) * | 2017-06-02 | 2017-08-25 | 同度能源科技（江苏）股份有限公司 | A kind of photovoltaic and photothermal solar economic benefits and social benefits drying of Chinese wolfberry equipment |
| CN107504790A (en) * | 2017-08-03 | 2017-12-22 | 上海理工大学 | A kind of greenhouse heat collection type solar drying kiln |
Family Cites Families (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| FR2568678B1 (en) * | 1984-01-20 | 1986-12-12 | Bellot Eric | SOLAR, FAMILY, FOLDABLE AND ADJUSTABLE DRYER |
| US5001846A (en) * | 1990-06-07 | 1991-03-26 | Stella Andrassy | Solar electric drying apparatus |
| US6922908B1 (en) * | 1999-04-16 | 2005-08-02 | Raul Raudales | Vegetable product drying |
-
2006
- 2006-05-22 CN CNB2006100109103A patent/CN100389688C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN101861906A (en) * | 2010-03-05 | 2010-10-20 | 王卓伟 | Production method of preserved plums |
| CN101861906B (en) * | 2010-03-05 | 2012-10-03 | 王卓伟 | Production method of preserved plums |
| CN107087805A (en) * | 2017-06-02 | 2017-08-25 | 同度能源科技（江苏）股份有限公司 | A kind of photovoltaic and photothermal solar economic benefits and social benefits drying of Chinese wolfberry equipment |
| CN107504790A (en) * | 2017-08-03 | 2017-12-22 | 上海理工大学 | A kind of greenhouse heat collection type solar drying kiln |
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