CN1846135A - Apparatus for making high-sensitivity measurements of various parameters, and sensors particularly useful in such apparatus - Google Patents
Apparatus for making high-sensitivity measurements of various parameters, and sensors particularly useful in such apparatus Download PDFInfo
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- CN1846135A CN1846135A CN 200480009417 CN200480009417A CN1846135A CN 1846135 A CN1846135 A CN 1846135A CN 200480009417 CN200480009417 CN 200480009417 CN 200480009417 A CN200480009417 A CN 200480009417A CN 1846135 A CN1846135 A CN 1846135A
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Abstract
A sensor for sensing a predetermined parameter having a known relationship with respect to the transit time of an energy wave through a medium, includes a body of soft elastomeric material having high transmissivity and low attenuation properties with respect to the energy waves; and a transmitter and receiver carried by the body in spaced relation to each other such that the energy waves received by the receiver are those transmitted by the transmitter after having traversed at least a portion of the body of soft elastomeric material. The transit time of the energy wave through the elastomeric body is measured to produce a measurement of the predetermined parameter. In the described preferred embodiments, the energy wave is a sonic wave, such that the body of soft elastomeric material serves as an acoustical channel between the transmitter and receiver.
Description
Invention field and background
The application relates to: International Application PCT/IL00/00241 that on November 9th, 2000 announced, as international publication number WO00/67013; International Application PCT/IL02/00854 that on October 24th, 2002 submitted to announces on May 1st, 2003, as international publication number WO03/036321; International Application PCT/IL02/00983 that on Dec 5th, 2002 submitted to announces on June 12nd, 2003, as international publication number WO03/048668; And the United States Patent (USP) 6,621,278 of issue on September 16th, 2003, the content of these applications and patent is attached to its full content herein by reference.
Application cited above and patent relate to high sensitivity measure have with respect to can ripple (electromagnetic wave or sound wave) method and apparatus by the travel-time various parameters known or confirmable relation of medium (solid, liquid or gas).Put it briefly, this is undertaken by following steps: transmit the energy ripple that circulation repeats by medium; The energy ripple that reception transmits by medium; Predetermined reference point in the energy ripple that detection is received; Continuously according to each that detects receive can ripple reference point change can the ripple transmission frequency, make that the quantity of the ripple received is a complete integer; And survey frequency changes, with produce can ripple from the measuring of the variation in the travel-time of transmitted from transmitter to receiver, thereby and obtain measuring of preset parameter.
Application cited above and patent have been described the many realizations in a lot of fields of this method and apparatus, and medical science and antimedical is used to provide the measurement of the sensitivity with very high degree.The realization of describing comprises that the variation according to the preset parameter of measuring draws those situations that propagation distance changes and/or energy velocity changes.Also described various types of sensors, be used to measure the variation of propagation distance, comprised deformable films, bellows, the parts of spring and movable piston have been installed.
Purpose of the present invention and summary
An object of the present invention is to provide this equipment, it has a novel sensor, make equipment responsive especially to Displacement Measurement, has high sensitivity, thereby make equipment very accurately detect any situation, perhaps substantially measure any parameter, induction, sensed or follow a displacement.The example of the situation that is detected is to follow to breathe and the very fast or little action of cardiomotility; And the example of measured parameter, as described below, comprise the degree of depth, magnetic field intensity, respiratory rate, blood pulse rate and the blood pressure of pressure, distortion linear acceleration, weight, temperature, angular velocity, linear velocity, fluid density, a group liquid.
Another object of the present invention provides useful especially novel sensor in this equipment.
According to an aspect of the present invention, be provided for measuring the equipment of preset parameter, preset parameter has with respect to the travel-time known or confirmable relation of energy ripple by medium, comprise: be used for the sensor of sensing preset parameter, described sensor comprises transmitter, be used for transmitting and pass through medium by ripple, and a receiver, be used for the energy ripple that receiver/transmitter transmits; And data processor, be used to measure can ripple from the variation in the travel-time or the travel-time of transmitted from transmitter to receiver, thereby draw measuring of preset parameter; It is characterized in that, sensor comprises soft elastomeric material body, this material is with respect to having high-transmission rate and low attenuation characteristic by ripple, transmitter and receiver is separated by described soft elastomeric material body each other, make that when the sensor sensing parameter generating transmitter is measured the travel-time thus with respect to a displacement of receiver, perhaps can ripple changing from travel-time of transmitted from transmitter to receiver provides measuring of the displacement of transmitter with respect to receiver, thereby obtains preset parameter.
As described below, the present invention with respect to can ripple be sound wave, so the transmission channel between the transmitter and receiver is that the application of passage is particularly useful.But, should be appreciated that the present invention can also such as light, infrared ray or RF, particularly at for example U. S. application 6,621, realize under the situation that the modulation technique described in 278 is used ripple being to realize in the electromagnetic application.
According to another aspect of the present invention, a kind of sensor is provided, be used for sensing with respect to can ripple travel-time by medium have preset parameter known or confirmable relation, comprising: with respect to the soft elastomeric material body that can ripple has high-transmission rate and low attenuation characteristic; And the transmitter and receiver of packing into by shell, this transmitter and receiver each interval, what make that receiver receives can ripple be that transmitter sends and reception the shell that crosses the soft airframe material of at least a portion after.
Just as will be described in more detail below, in that to use sound wave and airframe material be the formula of continuing (Shore) A hardness as 5-40, can obtain good especially result when being preferably the silicone elastomer of 7-20.In following application, it is most preferred that about 10 the formula that continues A hardness is found.
Others of the present invention, advantage and application are described below.
Brief description of drawings
The present invention only is described with reference to the accompanying drawings by illustration, wherein:
Fig. 1 is the block scheme of general introduction according to the measuring equipment of the sensor that comprises a kind of form of the present invention;
Fig. 2 is the control in the equipment of more specifically key diagram 1 and the block scheme of treatment circuit (CPC);
Fig. 3 explanation another sensor according to the present invention constitutes;
Fig. 4 explanation constitutes according to the sensor of a kind of acceleration-type of the present invention;
Fig. 5-8 explanation is according to other structure of sensor of the present invention and the several application of this sensor;
Fig. 9 a-9c explanation the present invention be used to detect breath stopped (apnea detector) or be used to detect individually move, more application of breathing, pulse frequency or other situation;
Figure 10 illustrates that the present invention is used to prevent the application of bedsore;
Figure 11 illustrates anti-snoring application of the present invention;
Figure 12-14 is used for the various formations of the sensor of monitors pulse rate according to the present invention;
Figure 15 illustrates that the present invention is used for the application that blood pressure is measured in non-intervention according to oscillometric method;
Figure 16 illustrates that the present invention is used for measuring the application of the moment of torsion of kinematic train, for example automobile;
Figure 17 illustrates that the present invention is used to monitor the application of car chair, so that existence of the people of inspection vehicle the inside, weight, respiratory activity, heartbeat or the like are with the control air bag;
Figure 18 a-18c explanation is implemented in the present invention in the sensor matrices as keyboard or as pressure distribution sensor;
Figure 19 and 20 explanation the invention process are used for representing respectively the pressure of pressurized container and pipeline in a pressure gauge;
Figure 21 illustrates that the invention process is used to the purpose of weighing in scale;
Figure 22 illustrates the invention process in a kind of immersible sensor, is used to measure the degree of depth that density of liquid that it immerses or sensor immerse;
Figure 23 illustrates that the invention process is used to measure magnetic field intensity in a magnetic field sensor;
Figure 24 illustrates that the invention process is used to measure the angular velocity and/or the tangential acceleration of rotary body in an apparatus;
Figure 25 illustrates that the invention process in a pitot tube, is used for the speed of measuring object by fluid media (medium);
Figure 26 illustrates that the invention process is in the sensor of an acceleration-type;
Figure 27 explanation constitutes according to the another kind of sensor of the present invention;
Figure 28 illustrates that the sensor of Figure 27 is embodied as a kind of sensor of acceleration-type;
Figure 29 is a 3-D view; And Figure 30 is the exploded view of the sensor that is embodied as pressure transducer of explanation Figure 27;
Figure 31 illustrates that the sensor of Figure 27 is implemented in the belt sensor of elastic webbing or high sensitivity, goes up detection breathing or heartbeat to be applied in the person;
Figure 32 illustrate the invention process be applied to big surface, such as the sensor on the wing in, be used to detect its pressure distribution and/or distortion;
Figure 33 illustrates that invention is implemented in cellular telephone handset or other the portable portable electric apparatus;
Figure 34 is the incomplete cut-open view of a part of the sensor of explanation Figure 33;
Figure 35 is the top view of the sensor of Figure 34;
Figure 36 is the view corresponding to Figure 34, but explanation is as the various types of actions of the sensor of acceleration-type, such as walking or run, and breathing and heartbeat action;
Figure 37 illustrates that the portable portable electric apparatus of Figure 33 is as odometer;
Figure 38 is the sectional view of explanation differential-type pressure sensor constructed according to the invention;
Figure 39 is the planimetric map of explanation temperature-compensated force sensor constructed according to the invention;
Another sensor that Figure 40 a explanation is constructed according to the invention, particularly useful when measuring weight or some other power;
Figure 40 b is the 3-D view of the stationary installation in the sensor of key diagram 40a;
Figure 41 is the view of explanation another sensor constructed according to the invention, and it is particularly useful when the power of measuring or detecting minimum power, cause such as respiratory activity or heartbeat;
Figure 42 is the sectional view of explanation another sensor constructed according to the invention;
Figure 43 explanation comprises the apnea watch-dog of the sensor of Figure 42, is used for sensing respiration and heartbeat and controls Vib. and/or warning horn in response to this;
Figure 44 is the block scheme of the improved frequency measuring system of explanation, and it is particularly useful in equipment constructed according to the invention;
Figure 45 is the block scheme that the frequency measuring system of Figure 44 more specifically is described;
Figure 46 is that explanation realizes that the present invention is used for the diagram of temperature compensation;
Figure 47 is the block scheme of explanation according to the system of Figure 46 structure, is used to provide temperature compensation;
Figure 48 explanation is used to provide temperature compensation according to an improvement system of Figure 46 structure;
Figure 49 helps to explain the diagram that the present invention is embodied as a kind of mode of high stable frequency generator; And
Figure 50 is the block scheme of explanation according to the frequency generator circuit of the diagram structure of Figure 49.
Should be appreciated that above accompanying drawing and following description be all mainly for being convenient to understand notion of the present invention aspect and various may providing by embodiment thereof, comprise current what be considered as preferred embodiment is what.For simple and clear, do not attempt providing than making those skilled in the art utilize conventional technical ability and design to understand and putting into practice the required more details of described invention.Be also to be understood that described embodiment only for the illustration purpose, and the present invention can be embodied as and different other form and application described herein.
Embodiment
As mentioned above, the present invention relates to be used to measure one directly with a parameter that parts are relevant with respect to the displacement of another parts, and more particularly, relate to the novel sensor of in this equipment, using.Measured parameter can be pressure, moment of torsion, tension force, linear acceleration, angular velocity, temperature, weight, fluid density, liquid depth, magnetic field intensity, breathing, blood pulse or parameter any in fact other induction, sensed, perhaps follows the parameter of energy ripple by the variation in the travel-time of solid, liquid or a gas medium.
The present invention provides the sensor of a novelty especially, and it can measure each parameter by the displacement that detects a high sensitivity.Novel sensor provides an energy-transmission channel, and it comprises soft elastomeric material body, silicon rubber preferably, has high energy transmission rate and low energy attenuation characteristic; Transmitter; And receiver, transmitter and receiver separates each other, so that accurately measure the energy ripple by the variation of transmission channel from the travel-time of transmitted from transmitter to receiver, carries out each Parameter Precise Measuring.
In the preferred embodiments of the present invention as described below, can ripple be sound wave, make that transmission channel is passage.Yet should be appreciated that, can ripple can also be electromagnetic wave, such as light, infrared ray, RF or the like, particularly uses the situation of the modulation technique of describing in the United States Patent (USP) 6,621,278 cited above.
Some embodiment as described below are sensors of displacement type, wherein detect and measure a displacement; And other embodiment that describes is the sensor of acceleration-type, wherein the rate of change of detection and Displacement Measurement.
Fig. 1 is the block scheme of the equipment of general introduction a kind of form constructed according to the invention.Apparatus shown comprises sensor 10, and its face is exposed to parameter, is the pressure that will measure in the case, shown in arrow P.Sensor 10 comprises acoustic transmitter 11 and sonic receiver 12, and they are embedded in the compressible soft elastomeric material body of pressure at intervals, and total is denoted as 13.The reverse side of sensor 10, just opposite with receiving pressure P face meshes or is installed on the bearing assembly or basis 14 of suitable rigidity, makes applying of pressure P that transmitter 11 will be moved to receiver 12 according to the size of exerting pressure.Therefore, sensor 10 is sensors of a displacement type, and its measurand transmitter 11 will carry out the precision measurement of pressure P with respect to the displacement or the relative position of receiver 12.
Fig. 2 is described in more detail control and the processor circuit CPC of Fig. 1.As in international patent application cited above and United States Patent (USP) in greater detail, the structure of sort circuit and operate as follows:
At first, oscillator 21 is energized, and switch 22 closures make the continuous acoustic impluse of transmitter 11 emissions be received by receiver 12 up to this pulse simultaneously.In case receiver 12 is received pulse, switch 22 disconnects, so as the pulse that receiver 12 is received after be used to control transmitter 11.
As shown in Figure 2, the voice signal received of receiver 12 is delivered to comparer 23 through input end 23a.Comparer 23 comprises the second input end 23b that is connected to predetermined bias, so that detect predetermined fiducial or reference point in the received signal.In example shown in Figure 2, this predetermined fiducial is a received signal " zero " intersection point; So the input end 23b of comparer 23 is in zero-bias.
Therefore will see that the output pulse of transmitter 12 or the frequency of signal change along with the variation of spacing between transmitter 11 and the receiver 12.To see that also transmitter 11 signal medium wavelengths emission and that receiver 12 is received or the quantity of pulse will be complete integers.By the frequency shift of transmitter 11, when the quantity of keeping ripple between the transmitter and receiver 12 is integer, can carry out the accurate judgement of distance between the transmitter and receiver.What comprise counter 26, counter 27, clock 28 and microprocessor 29 can make the frequency difference of detection and measuring accuracy increase a factor " N " with circuit, make it possible to the clock rate by selecting suitable frequency, clock 28 and the summation factor " N " of counter 27, thereby almost without any the default precision of measuring restrictedly.
Shown in Fig. 2 was further, the output of the microprocessor 29 of control and processor circuit CPC can be used to show, reports to the police and/or control, schematically shows as 17a, 17b and 17c among the figure.
The formation of such equipment and the more details of operation can obtain from international application cited above and United States Patent (USP) 6,621,278, and this patent is incorporated herein by reference.For example, United States Patent (USP) 6,621,278 comprise a modulation device, and a lag line device, they have expanded may using of this device measuring all kinds parameter significantly.
The specific implementation of the method and apparatus that international application cited above and United States Patent (USP) are described has been utilized deformable films, the bellows of sensor, the form that the parts or the movable piston of spring have been installed.Yet, find now, utilize the sensor of the above mark 10 illustrated formation in Fig. 1 and 2, promptly sensor comprises soft elastomeric material body 13, has preferably embedded transmitter 11 and the receiver 12 that separates each other, and can realize the detection and the measurement of displacement very in high sensitivity.
Therefore will see that the shell of the soft airframe material 13 between transmitter 11 and the receiver 12 defines the acoustical channel between the transmitter and receiver.Also will see, be applied to the effective length that pressure P on the sensor has changed this acoustical channel, make and to measure the instantaneous length of passage from the travel-time of transmitted from transmitter to receiver, to obtain being applied to the measurement of the pressure on the sensor by measuring sound pulse.Therefore, but being a location, the sensor of Fig. 1 and 2 moves the pressure transducer of type, the wherein measurement that measures the pressure that is applied to sensor of the variation of the displacement of acoustical channel or effective length.Circuit shown in Figure 2 detects displacement especially in high sensitivity, can be applied to the measurement of the power P of sensor especially accurately.
Should be appreciated that the displacement type sensor shown in Fig. 1 and 2 can also be used for other parameter that high-accuracy measurement changes the effective length of the acoustical channel that the soft airframe material 13 between transmitter 11 and the receiver 12 limits.The example of other parameter comprises moment of torsion, centrifugal force, respiratory pulsations, blood pressure pulsation, weight or the like.Illustrate in greater detail hereinafter.
As hereinafter in greater detail, sensor can comprise a weight that serves as inertia member, to obtain acceleration-type sensor, wherein detects the variation of displacement, and this variation is used for obtaining the measurement of each parameter.The sensor of this acceleration-type sensor is particularly useful under the situation that displacement usually takes place or takes place fast.
The preferred material of elastomer shell 13 is silicone rubber compounds among Fig. 1 and 2, and for example, the trade mark that Smooth-on company limited provides is those products of " Dragon skin " and " Dragon skinQ "; Be positioned at trade mark that the Rhodia company of the Cranbury of New Jersey provides those products for " Rhodorsil " RTV-585; And the RTV silicone rubber compound that provides of General Electric Apparatus Co.(U.S.A.).Best, airframe material should have the formula that the continues A hardness of 5-60, and 7-20 more preferably.For the many application that describe below, the formula A hardness of finding to continue is 10 to obtain best result.
This material has high acoustic wave transmission characteristic and low acoustic attenuation characteristic.Their feature is that also flexible Young modulus is than iron low 10
5, and Poisson (Poisson) ratio is approximately 0.5.Find that these characteristics produce beyond thought sensitivity when detecting the obtainable displacement of sensor constructed according to the invention.
The frequency of oscillator 21 will depend on the application-specific of sensor to a great extent.In major applications as described below, the frequency of oscillator 21 is preferably in the scope of 500-2000kHz, preferably about 700kHz.
The multiple formation of the displacement type that Fig. 3-39 explanation is used in the equipment of Fig. 1 and 2 and the sensor of acceleration-type and the example of application.
Therefore, Fig. 3 illustrates the displacement type sensor, and total in the drawings is denoted as 30, and it also comprises acoustic transmitter 31 and the sonic receiver 32 that is embedded in the elastomer shell 33, this elastomer shell 33 is installed on the installation component 34 at the reverse side of shell 33, is used to receive the pressure P of measurement.In this case, elastic body 33 has disposed the first support 33a that has wherein embedded transmitter 31, and the second support 33b that has wherein embedded receiver, makes the bridge 33c of receiver through connecting two supports receive acoustic impluse from transmitter 31.Therefore, this configuration provides an acoustical channel in the small-scale structure, and this structure has long relatively sound-wave path between transmitter and receiver.
Fig. 4 illustrates the sensor of an acceleration-type, always among the figure is denoted as 40, and it has the similar structure with Fig. 3.Comprise transmitter 41 in the support that is embedded in elastic body 43, be embedded in another support through the receiver 42 of bridge and transmitter communications and the installation component 44 that is used to install elastic body 43.But in this case, the bridge end of elastic body 43 has been adorned weight 45, as the inertia assembly, is used for producing the power that is applied on the elastic body when elastomer displacement.Thus, sensor 40 can be used as the accelerometer of Measuring Object linear acceleration.As described below, this sensor also can be used to the variation by the centrifugal force of weight generation during the object sensing rotation, to measure the variation of an object angle or rotational speed.
Fig. 5 illustrates the application example of sensor, and what sensor was total in the drawings is denoted as 50, and people's breathing or heart speed is measured or detected to the chest that is used to be applied to a people.For this application, being denoted as 53 elastic body among the figure comprises with position at interval and is embedded in wherein transmitter 51 and receiver 52, elastic body will be fixed, for example use elastic cord 55, be fixed to patient's chest, simultaneously apply predetermined pressure to it, thus the variation by position between the mobile generation transmitter and receiver of chest pulsation, and change in location will provide the measurement to the respiratory rate and/or the heart rate of individuality.
Sensor 50 shown in Figure 5 can be an accelerometer type shown in Figure 4, displacement type perhaps shown in Figure 3, and other structure as described below.
Fig. 6 illustrates a sensor, always among the figure is denoted as 60, and it can be the structure identical with Fig. 5.Except it will be used to individual wrist, therefore comprise wrist strap 65, be used to detect and measure individual pulse.Sensor 60 shown in Figure 6 also can be accelerometer type or displacement type, as above with respect to as described in Fig. 5.
Fig. 7 explanation has the sensor 70 of the described similar structures of Fig. 1 and 2, comprises with separately relation being embedded in transmitter 71 and receiver 72 in the elastic body 73.In this case, a side of elastic body 73 has been installed printed circuit board (PCB) 74, and it comprises control shown in part Fig. 1 and 2 at least and processor circuit CPC.The opposite side of elastic body 73 can be installed another printed circuit board (PCB) 75, comprises remaining circuit and/or makes the sensor can be as the weight 4 of as shown in Figure 4 accelerometer.
Fig. 8 illustrates sensor constructed according to the invention, as the finger probes of pulsatile blood flow in the sensing finger and finger temperature.For this reason, sensor 80 comprises elastic body 83, and it has as mentioned above with separately relation and is embedded in wherein transmitter 81 and receiver 82, is used for the output of Displacement Measurement with generation, is denoted as 84 among the figure.
Yet in this case, elastic body 83 comprises the second sound wave transmitter 85 and the second sound wave receiver 86 (as metal) of path 87 bridge joints apart but that constitute by the temperature sensitive material, is exposed to the temperature of finger.Owing to the speed of sound wave between transmitter 85 and the receiver 86 variation of temperature along with metal path 87 changes, therefore control and processor circuit CPC (Fig. 1,2) will produce an output of measuring temperature, be denoted as 88 in the drawings, this point has provided more detailed description in international application cited above.This temperature survey can output to display, is used to watch and/or can be used to provide the temperature compensation of displacement measurement 84, schematically shows as the frame among Fig. 8 89.
Therefore will see that in fact device shown in Figure 8 comprises two sensors, each sensor has the acoustical channel of its sensing preset parameter.Therefore, the soft airframe material 83 between transmitter 81 and the receiver 82 defines the acoustical channel of a sensed displacement; And the temperature sensitive path 87 between transmitter 85 and the receiver 86 defines the second sound signalling channel of sensing temperature.Two passages are according to the variation of the parameter generating sound wave that detects from the travel-time of the transmitted from transmitter to receiver of each passage.Therefore, the acoustical channel therebetween that airframe material 83 between transmitter 81 and the receiver 82 limits changes its effective length in response to the parameter that will measure (pressure), and the acoustical channel between transmitter 85 and the receiver 86 changes its acoustic wave transmission rate in response to the parameter of measuring (temperature).
Fig. 9 a-9c illustrates equipment of the present invention, is used to monitor bed and goes up individual state.That the measuring equipment that has been found that high sensitivity not only can detect is mobile, breathe or breathe stop (apnea) and can detect individual cardiomotility.
Therefore, shown in Fig. 9 a, sensor (90a-90c) is inserted in four underfooting faces of a BD.Shown in Fig. 9 b, each sensor has aforesaid structure, is embedded in transmitter 91 and receiver 92 in the airframe material body 93 that is installed on the flat installation component 94 to comprise each other with separately relation.Wherein Chuan one leg is installed on wheel or the roller bearing, shown in mark 95, and the upper end of sensor 90 configuration cap 96, it forms regulates roller bearing or takes turns 95.Fig. 9 c schematically illustrates the circuit of four sensor 90a-90d of series connection, to produce the output of control and processor circuit 98.
Therefore will see that the layout shown in Fig. 9 a-9c can detect vital sign (breathe, heartbeat), and can detect moving of people on the bed.As the output of series connection sensor shown in Fig. 9 c accumulate alternative, output can also be in parallel, wherein each output signal and other output signal have nothing to do.Preferred alternatives is to make the feedback from the receiver to the transmitter pass the whole ring that several sensors constitutes, so that the frequency that obtains depends on the total delay in all the sensors, that is to say, the receiver of a sensor will trigger the transmitter of next sensor in the ring, and the system that makes only requires one to measure passage.Also can only use one or two sensor.The lead that is used to connect sensor can be attached to bedstead.Sensor can be made for waterproof, and can be designed to this highly sensitively, moves or vibration so that can sensing relate to the fine of several gram forces.
Figure 10 is the sensor of the present invention that explanation is suitable for preventing bedsore.For this reason, a plurality of sensor 100a, 100b-100n can be orientated as any desired quantity and pattern under the mattress 101, with variation of any mobile, the blood flow of a particular area detecting the individual health that contacts with mattress or the like.All the sensors is connected to effective control and processor circuit 102, if do not detect mobile or if blood flow rate descends in a predetermined period of time in a predetermined area, then excitation bed shifter 103 is so that mobile mattress or bed, thereby cause the variation of a body position, thereby reduce or get rid of the chance of generation bedsore.
Have been found that sensor constructed according to the invention can obtain this height sensitivity, they can be arranged in mattress 101 times, be positioned on the upper surface of mattress or mattress so that directly contact with the health of individuality.
Be used to avoid bedsore though Figure 10 illustrative system is applied to mattress, same system also can be placed in the seat cushion of wheelchair.Equally, though controlled device is a mobile device or a seat cushion shifter that is used for bed, mattress, also can control massage or shaking device with massage or shake affected zone.In addition, they can serve as the apnea monitor; And when bed is the double bed of two people's uses, can use two this sensors, a sensor is positioned at a side, and two sensors are connected at public warning horn, if when measuring the emergency condition (promptly breathing or heart) of monitoring, then start alarm with respect to the manual inspection on the bed.
Figure 11 illustrates the application of the present invention as anti-snoring device.When using like this, be shown as 110a, one or more sensors of 110b-110n, acceleration-type preferably can be applicable to individual chest, bed, column and/or pillow and control and the output of processor circuit 112 to produce.Control and processor circuit 112 will be programmed to identification to be represented the output that " snoring " occurs and automatically encourages pillow shifter 113 to move pillow, perhaps produces another interference (for example soft " stirring ") and gives individual in the hope of the interruption snoring.Configuration shown in Figure 11 provides a kind of biological feedback system thus, interference user when wherein at every turn detecting snoring, and purpose is that snoring is reduced to remainder amount at leisure.
Figure 12-14 explanation the present invention is applied to the finger probes of various types to measure individual pulse frequency, blood pressure or other cardiovascular situation.
In Figure 12, being denoted as 120 sensor among the figure is the ring shape, is worn on the individual finger.It comprises transmitter 121 and receiver 122 in the airframe material body 123 that is embedded in loop configurations.Elastic body 123 is formed on the side with air cavity 124, thereby limits acoustical channel at opposite side, is used for from transmitter 121 to receiver 122 sound pulse.Show schematically that as Figure 12 transmitter 121 and receiver 122 are connected to control and processor circuit 125, this circuit carries out the measurement by the variation of the voice path length that causes by the pulsatile blood flow of pointing.
Figure 13 explanation and similar sensor 130 shown in Figure 12, except transmitter 131 and receiver 132 a side radially aligned at elastic body 133, producing the acoustical channel of radially extending, and elastic body for the oval so that finger in the opening that is placed on sensor apply an extruding, but nonclogging power.As mentioned above, the pulsatile blood flow by individuality finger will change by the relative position between transmitter 131 and the receiver 132 and detect, to carry out the measurement of pulse frequency.
Figure 14 illustrates the sensor 140 of finger-probe type, is similar to those that provide in Figure 12 and 13.It comprises transmitter 141 and receiver 142, is embedded in the interval location place in the endless elastomeric 143.But in this case, ring is with being with 144 sealings, and it applies predetermined pressure and gives the finger that is placed in the ring.Existence with 144 causes that also acoustic impluse is delivered to receiver 142 from transmitter 141 by the desired audio path.
Figure 15 explanation is denoted as 150 sensor in the drawings, is used for measuring according to oscillometric method the system of blood pressure.System shown in Figure 15 comprises endless belt 151, and it can be through managing 152 by manual pump 153 and retaining valve 154 expansions.Pipe 152 also comprises valve 155, and it is automatically closed when endless belt expand into desired pressure.When expanding, the pressure in the endless belt 151 reduces gradually by the aperture 156 that forms in endless belt.
Pressure in the endless belt is by supervising continuously by means of pipe 157 sensors 150 that are connected to endless belt.Sensor 150 is electrically connected to control and treatment circuit 158, so that with aforesaid form control sensor, and the annular pressure that output transducer detects is measured.
Endless belt 151 is preferably big or small for can be placed on the finger of object, and therefore detects the arterial blood of the finger of flowing through.But, should be appreciated that the size of endless belt 151 can also be for the arm around the people, just as the oscillometric method of traditional measurement blood pressure.
According to this blood pressure measuring method, endless belt 151 expand into the pressure of the systolic pressure that exceeds the patient by pump 153, and valve 155 is automatically closed then.Aperture 156 in the endless belt 151 (perhaps in connecting pipe 157) reduces the pressure in the endless belt gradually.By the pressure in the pressure transducer 150 measurement endless belt of control and treatment circuit 158 control and carry out the output of this measurement.
According to this blood pressure measurement technology, patient's intra-arterial is delivered to the endless belt 151 of expansion by the beat pressure surge that causes of patient's pulse, along with endless belt is exitted gradually, causes slight pressure variation in the endless belt.Therefore,, appear in its control and the treatment circuit 158 from the output of pressure transducer 150, generally be expression reduction annular pressure and with patient's the pulse relevant important little periodically variable DC component of beating.These little variations often are considered to " oscillation complexes " or " vibration " simply.Patient's blood pressure can be estimated based on the analysis of this vibration situation according to the oscillometric method of known blood pressure measurement.
Because sensor constructed according to the invention 150 can obtain especially highly sensitive displacement, therefore this sensor is particularly useful in this blood pressure measuring method.
Figure 16 illustrates that the present invention is used for measuring for example application of the transmission shaft moment of torsion of car transmissions.Another characteristic of the present invention also has been described, promptly has been used for getting rid of or reducing the effect of the temperature drift (perhaps other transient effect) of measuring.
Equipment shown in Figure 16 comprises two sensor 160a, 160b, and each sensor has same as mentioned above structure, comprises the transmitter 161 and the receiver 162 that are embedded in the airframe material body 163 that limits acoustical channel.Two sensor 160a, 160b are fixed on the flywheel 165 of vehicle drive system at their end, and the other end faces with each other and aligns.
The transmission shaft 166 of vehicle transmission gear has disposed between the opposite end of two sensor 160a, 160b and has been fixed in therebetween an arm 167.Two sensors are connected to control and processor circuit 165 in the mode of subtracting each other, and make the output frequency of a sensor to deduct from the output frequency of another sensor.
Suppose that transmission shaft 166 with direction of arrow rotation (clockwise), then can see, the increase of moment of torsion that is applied to transmission shaft is with compression sensor 160a and will expand sensor 160b.Therefore, the output frequency of sensor 160a will increase (+Δ f), and the output of sensor 160b will reduce (Δ f).On the other hand, temperature drift (Δ f
T), speed or other transient influence will be the same to two sensors.Therefore, deduct the output of sensor 160b, produced output torque (T), because the temperature drift component of each frequency has been cancelled from another as 2 Δ f functions by output from sensor 160a.Therefore:
T＝f
1-f
2＝(f
0+Δf+Δf
T)-(f
0-Δf+Δf
T)＝2Δf
Therefore, configuration shown in Figure 16 is not only eliminated or has been reduced temperature drift effect (and other transient influence), and has increased output signal significantly.In addition, owing to be applied to two power on the sensor along any axle except axle AS shown in Figure 16, to have similar influence aspect the temperature drift effects to the output frequency of two sensors, those power (such as because the centrifugal force that causes of velocity variations) are also tended to offset when output frequency at a sensor deducts another output frequency, make that the axle AS among Figure 16 will be as unique sensitive axis.
Should be appreciated that the afore-mentioned characteristics in the application shown in Figure 16 has strengthened the accuracy of measuring, also can be used for during many other use, than as previously described or following those application that will describe.
Figure 17 illustrates that the present invention is applied to the Another Application of vehicle seat, for example is used to supervise the situation of the people on the seat and/or according to the people's of car the inside existence or do not exist or people's weight (for example distinguishing child and adult) of car the inside is controlled air bag.Therefore, Figure 17 explanation is according to the vehicle seat VS of application-specific, and it comprises one or more sensor 170a-170n, is positioned on the diverse location of vehicle seat.Figure 17 also illustrates control and processor circuit 176, the input that is used to control various sensors and is used to produce expectation, as above with respect to Fig. 1 and 2 described those, but also comprise airbag actuation device 177, when being used to export needs and controlling the startup of air bag.For example, air bag can be controlled to be to have only when detecting from each vehicle seat and just be activated when breathing or blood pulse represent that the position has the people to use.Breathing that detects and/or blood pulse rate can also and the people's of car the inside weight detect together, for example distinguishing child and little chap's adult, and so control airbag actuation.
Figure 18 a-18c explanation sensor module, total be denoted as 180, comprise a plurality of sensor 180a-180n that are arranged in the matrix, wherein each sensor comprises acoustic transmitter 181 and sonic receiver 182, and they are embedded in the elastic body 183 with spaced relationship.Elastic body 183 can be that all the sensors 180a-180n is total, perhaps can an independent elastic body be arranged to each this sensor.All transmitter and receivers are connected to public control and treatment circuit 185 through scanner 186, and scanner 186 sequentially scanning sensor also receives their output so that control them.
Therefore this sensor module shown in Figure 18 a-18c can be used for several aforesaid application, for example, detect vital sign in using of the bed of Fig. 9 a-9c or wheelchair, prevent bedsore in the application of Figure 10 or detect weight, breathing and/or heart rate in the air bag controlled equipment of Figure 17.Because the functional unit of assembly all is embedded in the plastics (airframe material), therefore this sensor module can also be used as waterproff keyboard or other input equipment.The fire resistance characteristic of sensor module also makes it can be used in single-sensor unit or a plurality of sensor unit, as electronic switch or be used to control other input media of the utensil of various types, when making moist, may relate to dangerous utensil such as washing machine, water heater or the like.
Figure 19 explanation is used for measuring the sensor 190 of pressurized container 195 internal pressures according to any said structure.Figure 20 explanation is used for measuring this sensor 200 of sealed tube 205 internal pressures.
Figure 21 explanation is the sensor module 210 of structure as mentioned above, is used to support scale 215 so that measure the weight that is placed on the object on the scale.In example shown in Figure 21, scale 215 is arranged as above with reference to the described differential or assembly of sensor 210a, 210b that subtracts each other relation of Figure 16 in its four angle mount supports by two.
Figure 22 explanation is denoted as 220 sensor in the drawings, is used for measuring the density of the liquid 225 that has immersed sensor.For example, liquid can be the water in the swimming pool 226, and wherein the density of Ce Lianging will be represented the concentration of the pH of the chlorine of water or water.Best, sensor 220 shown in Figure 22 also comprises temperature sensitive sensor unit 227, and is as above described with reference to figure 8, is used to provide the temperature compensation of the measurement of sensor 220 outputs.Sensor 220 can also be used as depthometer, is used for measuring the water of its immersion or the degree of depth of other liquid.
Figure 23 illustrates sensor constructed according to the invention, is used to measure the density in magnetic field.This sensor, total is denoted as 230, can be any said structure, comprises with spaced relation being embedded in acoustic transmitter 231 and sonic receiver 232 in the airframe material body 233 of acoustical channel of limit sensor.But in this case, a magnet will be installed in the one or both ends of airframe material body, shown in mark 234, thereby produce according to the magnetic field compression of sensor or the power of expansion acoustical channel.
Figure 24 illustrates an assembly, and it comprises sensor 240a, the 240b of two acceleration-type, is installed on the main body 241 of moving axis 242 rotations that can rotate. Two sensor 240a, 240b comprise respectively as above with respect to the described weight 245a of Fig. 4,245b.Yet sensor 240a makes its weight 245a outward radial locate by rotary body 241 carryings in this case; Therefore the sensor 240a centrifugal force measurement that will provide weight to carry out, thus the rotational speed of main body 241 measured.On the other hand, sensor 240b is orientated its weight 245d with respect to the expansion of sensor tangentially, so its output will be the measurement of the linear velocity of rotary body 241.
Figure 25 illustrates total sensor of 250 that is denoted as, and is constructed according to the invention for being used for measuring the linear velocity of fluid media (medium) object, for example measures the speed of aircraft by air according to the pitot tube measuring technique.Pitot tube is oriented on the direct of travel.It comprises a pair of chamber 251,252 at an end of pitot tube, be oriented on the aircraft direct of travel and the main channel 253 of communicating by letter with chamber 251 and a plurality of and opening 254 of with chamber 251,252 communicating by letter directed perpendicular to the aircraft direct of travel.
Therefore will see that the pressure in the chamber 251 is general pressure (P
T), it is the dynamic pressure (P that detects through passage 253
p) and the static pressure (P that detects through passage 254
s) summation; And the pressure in the chamber 252 only is the static pressure (P that detects through passage 254
s).
Stagnation pressure in the chamber 251 is measured by sensor 250a, and the static pressure in the chamber 252 is measured by sensor 250b.Other sensor can be any said structure, is embedded in the acoustical channel that acoustic transmitter in the elastic body and sonic receiver limit to comprise with spaced relationship.
Will see the dynamic pressure (P that speed V produces
D) can be by the stagnation pressure (P that detects from sensor 250a
T) deduct the static pressure (P that sensor 250b detects
s) and determine.Then, determined dynamic pressure (P
D) can be used for determining elastomeric speed according to following known equation.
P wherein
TBe the pressure that sensor 250a measures; Ps is the pressure that sensor 250b measures; And r is the local value of atmospheric density.
Figure 26 illustrates that the invention process is the sensor of acceleration-type, and this sensor always is denoted as 260, comprises shell 261.Shell 261 serves as and is used for sensor is installed in installation component on the patient's body PB, as utilizes elastic belt 262 to install, and detects in mode shown in Figure 5 and breathes and/or heartbeat.Yet in this case, sensor 260 comprises that 262a at one end pivotally is installed to the arm 262 on the shell 261.The side of the other end 262b of arm 262 with adhesive to an end of soft elastomeric material body 263, this soft elastomeric material body 263 be embedded in spaced relationship wherein sound transmitter 263a and receiver 263b between limit an acoustical channel.The other end of mollielast 263 is by the inside surface of adhesive to shell 261.The following carrying weight 264 of the end 262b of pivot arm 262 is for example by adhesive.
Structure shown in Figure 26 provides the sensor of a utmost point sensitive acceleration-type, and breathing and heart that it detects patient's health PB move, and carry out this mobile high-accuracy measurement.
Should be appreciated that acceleration-type sensor shown in Figure 26 can be installed in another surface of patient body, for example on wrist or the arm, so that detect and measure the displacement that produces by heartbeat, i.e. patient's blood pulse.This acceleration-type sensor also can be used in many antimedical application, such as seismic sensor, safe enclosure wall or the like.Wherein require highly sensitive detection or measurement that quick acting or high-frequency are moved.
Figure 27 illustrates and always is denoted as 270 sensor, and the form of wherein soft airframe material 271 is the arrowband, thereby limits a narrow acoustical channel between acoustic transmitter 272 at interval and receiver 273.Sensor shown in Figure 27 also comprises damper or acoustic absorbant, is used for absorbing effectively the sound wave except that the sound wave of narrow acoustical channel.Figure 27 illustrates damper and is the precast body 274,275 at each end of the opposite end of acoustical channel.The suitable material that is used for damper 274,275 is the quite soft rubber with praetersonic attenuation characteristic.Although the illustrated damper of Figure 27 only is used on the opposite end of acoustical channel, should be appreciated that this damper material also can be used in other surface of acoustical channel, on lower surface.
Figure 28 illustrates the sensor device 280 of acceleration-type, and it has structure is stripe shape sensing element 270 shown in Figure 27.Therefore, sensor 280 is included in the shell 281 of the sensing element 270 of the installation that suspends between two pillars 282,283.Shell 281 also comprises weight 284, and it at one end has the protrusion 285 that suspends, and can engage with the middle part of sensing element 270.The other end (not shown) of weight 284 pivotally is installed on the shell 281, make the middle part of sensing element 270 because the displacement of weight 284 rate of change of displacement (more particularly, along with) and deflection.Therefore the sensor device 280 of acceleration-type shown in Figure 28 also is equipped with highly sensitive parts, is used for detecting and/or measuring and move, and therefore also can be used for as above with reference in the described application of Figure 26.
Figure 29 and 30 is respectively the assembly and the exploded view of pressure sensor apparatus 290 that utilizes the stripe shape sensing element 270 of Figure 27, is used for the room pressure in the sensing shell.Sensor 290 comprises shell 291, and it limits a chamber 292 of communicating by letter with port 293, is used for wanting the fluid of gaging pressure.For this reason, chamber 292 is above film 293 sealings with respect to the described sensing element 270 of Figure 27 by having carried structure, makes film and sensing element to be out of shape with indoor pressure.For example, film 293 can be the soft rubber with high muffler acoustic attenuation property, thereby also serves as the damper of the sound wave the sound wave that absorbs in the narrow acoustical channel of sensing element 270.
Figure 31 illustrates sensor device 310, is specially adapted to detect and/or the transversal displacement of survey sensor, such as described with reference to figure 5.Therefore, sensor 310 comprises the stripe shape sensing element 270 that has with reference to the described structure of Figure 27, has the narrow acoustical channel 271 that the soft airframe material between acoustic transmitter 272 and sonic receiver 273 constitutes.In structure shown in Figure 31, sensing element 270 is installed on the elastomeric element 311, such as pectoral girdle, is used for detecting and breathes and/or heartbeat.Therefore, patient's breathing and heartbeat will produce the extension and the contraction of soft airframe material 271 in the narrow acoustical channel of elastomeric element 311 and sensing element 270, thereby make sensor and/or measure this breathing or heartbeat with high-sensitivity detection.
The elastomeric element 311 of sensing element 270 is preferably such as the material of the soft rubber with high acoustic attenuation characteristic, so that absorb the sound wave the sound wave in the narrow acoustical channel of removing sensing element 270 qualifications.
Figure 32 diagram is total in the drawings is denoted as 320 sensor module, is used for the surface such as the object of wing 321, to measure its distortion and/or the pressure distribution on it.Therefore, sensor module 320 comprises the soft elastomeric material body that is illustrated as 322 high surface area, puts on and fits on the surface of wing 321.Soft elastomeric material body 322 comprises that a plurality of acoustic transmitters and receiver are right, such as illustrated 323 and 324, they are positioned at the airframe material body, make each limit lip-deep distortion and/or the pressure distribution that an independent acoustical channel detected and/or measured the wing 321 at each acoustical channel place to soft elastic material 322 parts that are used between them.
As alternative configurations, can detect and measure the lip-deep distortion and/or the pressure distribution of wing 320 by a plurality of independent stripe shape sensing elements 270, wherein each independent stripe shape sensing element 270 has abovely with reference to the described structure of Figure 27, and is fixed to the surface of wing.
Figure 33 illustrates a hand-held portable electrical device, always is illustrated as 330, such as cellular telephone handset, PDA or the like, wherein combines sensor constructed according to the invention 340.Portable electric apparatus 330 can be any ordinary construction.For example, be shown as and comprise the shell 331 that has disposed display window 332 and a plurality of buttons 333 have been installed, button is used to dial the number or import out of Memory.The sensor 340 that is included in the electric device 330 more specifically illustrates in Figure 34 and 35.
Therefore sensor 340 can be used for detecting and/or measure the blood pulse rate that finger is acted on the user on the outside surface 344 of elastic body 341, feasible pulsation will produce the variation (compression and expansion) of the effective length of acoustical channel between transmitter 342 and the receiver 343, thereby the detection and/or the measurement of highly sensitive user's blood pulse are provided.Handheld unit can be used for detecting and/or measuring and breathe simultaneously, and method is the outside surface 344 with respect to user's chest compression elastic body 341, makes user's breathing produce the compression and the expansion of acoustical channel between transmitter 342 and the receiver 343.
Figure 36 illustrates sensor 360, and it has and the 340 similar structures of sensor shown in Figure 34 and 35, except it comprises weight 361 as inertia member, thereby makes sensor become acceleration-type, promptly in response to the rate of change of the displacement that detects.
Displacement type sensor (Figure 34,35) or acceleration-type sensor (Figure 36) are attached to a significant advantage in the cellular telephone handset are that measurement to pulse frequency, respiratory rate or the like can be sent to place far away through phone and be used to watch, holds a consultation, handles further, stores or the like.
Another of this mobile phone may be used, and when comprising acceleration-type sensor shown in Figure 36, is as odometer particularly.So the compression and the expansion of the acoustical channel that produces between the transmitter and receiver when user's walking or running will be discerned user's span, thereby be provided at the measurement of the stride quantity of advancing during any specific period.For example, mobile phone can to each user during walking and/or the distance of during running, advancing calibrate.Therefore, by accumulative total user's running of advancing or the number of times that strides, after the length of storing each stride in advance, mobile phone can be used for providing the measurement of total distance that the user advances.
Figure 37 diagram is denoted as another configuration of 370 in the drawings always, makes the hand-held portable electrical device shown in Figure 33 and 34 also can be with acting on the odometer of measuring travel distance.This configuration is installed to weight and is used for carrying device on strap clamp on the person or similar anchor clamps.
Therefore, Figure 37 illustrates anchor clamps 371, and its available any usual manner is attached on user's the belt, is used to carry portable electric apparatus 330, and wherein pick up button 340 is outwards outstanding towards another part 372 of anchor clamps.Part 372 (is illustrated as 374) again pivotally from its upper end installs weight 373, and feasible each stride that carries the individuality of portable electric apparatus 330 moves and will cause weight 371 around sensor 340 rotations, thereby makes sensor can discern each stride.
Figure 38 illustrates differential-type pressure sensor constructed according to the invention 380.It comprises shell 381, and shell 381 has a deformable films 382, and enclosure is divided into two C of fluid chamber
1, C
2, each fluid chamber has the port 383,384 that is connected to pressure source, makes film be out of shape according to the pressure reduction in two chambers.The narrow acoustical channel of structure shown in Figure 27 is installed on each offside of film 382, so that according to each indoor pressure of deformation detection of film.Therefore, a narrow acoustical channel 270a, comprise transmitter 272a, receiver 273a and two absorber element 274a, 275a, be installed on the side of film 382, and the second narrow acoustical channel 270b, comprise its transmitter 272b, receiver 273b and absorber element 274b, 275b, be installed on the offside of film.Shell 381 also comprises electric connector 385,386, is respectively applied for each narrow acoustical channel 270a, 270b.Therefore, the connector 385 that is used for acoustical channel 270a comprises: two terminal 385a, 385b being used for its transmitter 272a; Two terminal 385c, 385d being used for its receiver 273a; And the sub-385e of five terminal, the guarded electrode that is used to each acoustical channel to dispose.Connector 386 comprises the corresponding terminal of each unit of acoustical channel 270b that is used for it.
Can see two chamber C on film 382 offsides
1, C
2In the pressure reduction correspondence distortion that will produce film, this distortion will be measured by acoustical channel 270a, 270b.
Figure 39 is the planimetric map of illustrated force sensor 390, and force transducer 390 has also been constructed as above with reference to two of the described type of Figure 27 narrow acoustical channel, and the temperature compensation that is used to carry out power is measured.Force transducer 390 shown in Figure 39 comprises the installing component 391 of the deformable component 392 of installation such as circular membrane (for example rubber), it installs a narrow acoustical channel 270c in one side, and another narrow acoustical channel 270d is installed over there, so the latter dots.The power of measuring is applied on two power receiving-members 393,394, and these two parts are each other along axle As alignment, this axis limit power sensitive axes.Therefore, when along an axle As when exerting pressure, installing component 391 with and circular membrane 392 distortion of going up two acoustical channel 270c, 270d installing, shown in the dotted line of Figure 39, make, and along dilatation shaft perpendicular to axle As along power sensitive axes As compression.
As shown in figure 39, an acoustical channel 270d is installed as with axle As and aligns, and another acoustical channel 270c installs along the axle perpendicular to axle As.Therefore, acoustical channel 270c will be according to the power that applies and length increases, and acoustical channel 270d length descends.The output of two acoustical channel connects in the described mode of subtracting each other of reference Figure 16, thereby eliminates Temperature Influence, so that it is insensitive that sensor for temperature is changed.
Figure 40 a diagram is used to measure the sensor module of weight or other power that applies, and one of Figure 40 b diagram is included in total stationary installation of 400 that is denoted as in the sensor module of Figure 40 a.Each stationary installation 400 comprises a pair of arm arranged side by side 403,404, is at one end engaged by return bend 405.Arm 404 forms a stepped elongated portion 404a at its beginning, thereby increases the spacing between beginning of its beginning 404a and another arm 403.The return bend of arm 403 is fixed on the plate 401 receiving external force with fastener 406, and the return bend of another arm 404 is fixed on the frame 402 by another fastener 407, makes to be applied to return bend 405 bendings that power F on the panel 401 makes each stationary installation 400.
The narrow strip type sensor of structure shown in Figure 27 is denoted as 270 in the drawings always, and it was fixed between arm 403 and the arm 404 at the beginning of each stationary installation 400.Each sensor 270 has as above with reference to the described structure of Figure 27, comprise the acoustical channel that the airframe material between acoustic transmitter and the sonic receiver constitutes, make the contraction (perhaps elongating) of acoustical channel that the force measurement that is applied on each stationary installation 400 is provided.
Figure 41 illustrates another narrow strip type sensor constructed according to the invention, and total in the drawings is denoted as 410.In this case, narrow bar sensor is fixed to the outside surface by the body of pressure deformable material 411 of cylindrical configuration, so that extend around at least a portion material bodies.Therefore, as shown in figure 41, body of pressure deformable material 411 has formed a ring groove 412, extends between its opposite face and along its at least a portion circumference.Groove 412 internal fixation be narrow strip type sensor with structure shown in Figure 27, comprise the arrowband 413, transmitter at one end 414 of airframe material and at the receiver 415 of opposite end.Best, sensor also comprises the damper elements 416,417 that acoustic absorbant constitutes in its opposite end, is used for the sound wave of reflective sound wave and 414 generations of restriction transmitter is tied to the arrowband 413 of airframe material.
This shows that when pressure was applied to the opposite face of right cylinder 411, right cylinder thickness reduced but diameter increases, thereby had increased the length of acoustical channel 413 between transmitter 414 and the receiver 415.Therefore the increase of this acoustical channel transit distance can detect and measure external force in the above described manner.
Pressure deformable body 411 can be rubber or other acoustic absorbant.In addition, narrow sensor strip 413 can extend for the circumference of complete basically circumferential body 411, but transmitter should be on the side opposite with sensor passage 413, by acoustic absorbant and receiver at interval, so that basically sound wave is tied in the sound channel that elastic strip 413 limits.
Figure 42 illustrates another sensor constructed according to the invention, and this sensor is particularly useful in apnea monitor as shown in figure 43.Therefore, shown in Figure 42 and 43, always be denoted as 420 sensor among the figure and be installed between the counter plate 421,422, can be used on the mattress at people place, under or among (for example baby, older patient or the like), their heartbeat and respiratory activity will be monitored.Sensor 420 comprises printed circuit board (PCB) 423, and it is formed with an opening 423a by 424 cross-over connections of pair of conductive pad.Sound channel type sensor comprises that airframe material 425, one ends have acoustic transmitter 426, and the other end has sonic receiver 427.Airframe material 425 is applied on the conductive pad 424, to cover the opening in the printed circuit board (PCB) 423.Electrical connection to acoustic transmitter and sonic receiver is connected to conductive pad 424 by scolder 428.
The printed circuit board (PCB) 423 of having fixed elastic body acoustical channel 425 on it obtains having the protrusion 429a of the opening 423 that is projected in the printed circuit board (PCB) so that the support of the rubber bodies of the lower surface of support elastic bar 425 or other acoustic absorbant.Printed circuit board (PCB) 423 also comprises the acoustic transmitter that covers elastic strip 425 and the rigidity cap 430 of sonic receiver, and this rigidity cap also has a central opening 430a, to expose the upside of elastic strip 425.Another rubber bodies or other acoustic absorbant 431 are inserted between cap 430 and another panel 421, and are formed with outshot 431a, and it is projected into the opening 430a in the cap 430, to engage the upside of elastic strip 425.
Can see, the any power that is applied on the plate 421 will make elastic strip 425 deflections, shown in the dotted line among Figure 42, thus the effective length of increase elastic strip, therefore and increase from its transmitter 426 to travel-time of the sound wave of its receiver 427, so that externally force measurement to be provided in the above described manner.
As implied above, the sensor 420 of Figure 42 (and sensor 410 of Figure 41), in the time of particularly in being included in apnea monitor shown in Figure 43, very responsive to external force, therefore people's respiratory activity and other action not only can be detected, and the human heart activity can be detected.Therefore, as shown in figure 43, the output of sensor 420 can be used to control circuit 432, therefore this control circuit 432 can detect lacking of respiratory activity, and shown in frame 433, perhaps lack of heart activity is shown in frame 434.
Therefore, shown apnea monitor comprises oscillator 435, and it is energized where necessary to stimulate the individual; And warning horn 436, it can be energized to notify alarm condition to another person.Therefore, as shown in figure 43, if at a scheduled time slot (t
1, for example 5 seconds) do not detect cardiomotility, then warning horn 436 is energized immediately.On the other hand, if at a predetermined space (t
2, for example 20 seconds) do not detect respiratory activity, oscillator 435 is energized to scheme to stimulate the individual; And if at another period (t
3, for example other 10 seconds) and the continued absence respiratory activity, then warning horn 436 is energized.
Should be appreciated that this apnea monitor can provide (for example, baby, older patient) for single people; On the other hand, when two people (for example old individual) use double bed, can provide two this apnea monitors, one of people is so that the excitation warning horn is to notify another person when finding to have alarm condition.
Should be appreciated that sensor shown in Figure 42 and breath stopped monitor shown in Figure 43 can be used in many other application, for example in the anti-bedsore equipment or anti-snoring equipment described before.
Because sensor of the present invention can obtain high sensitivity when detecting and measure infinitesimal displacement or micrometric displacement, therefore this sensor is particularly useful in the operation according to patient respiratory and/or heartbeat synchronous imaging system.
Therefore, the detail image that magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) system produces often owing to heart and during the respiratory cycle patient's action blur.Patient's ECG signal usually is used as the gating signal of the operation of synchronous MRI equipment, but the ECG signal is not closely related with the mechanical action that causes bluring.Finger probes also is used for this purpose, so that detect the blood flow of pulsation, but utilizes this sensor also to introduce action that cardiomotility causes and the time delay between the sensing blood pulse.
Sensor constructed according to the invention in direct sensing because the infinitesimal displacement that heartbeat and/or respiratory activity produce, thereby so that particularly useful when reducing or eliminating the image blurring of this mobile generation according to the gating signal of the operation of the synchronous MRI equipment of mobile generation of this detection.For example, aforesaid acceleration type sensor can be applied to people's chest to detect heartbeat; And/or aforesaid displacement type sensor can with elastic webbing be applied to patient's chest or below the patient's body supporting member to detect patient's respiratory activity.By utilizing this sensor to be used to detect the micrometric displacement of gating signal that the patient is caused by heart and/or respiratory activity and that be used to produce the operation of synchronous MRI equipment, can reduce or eliminate that human motion produces during imaging operation fuzzy with produce than the blood signal of ECG or pulsation so far available know the image of Duoing.
Though sensor constructed according to the invention is therefore particularly useful in the MRI process, they also the imaging of other type, comprise in CT, PET, nuclear, ultrasound wave and the x-ray imaging useful.
In addition, though this sensor is detecting heart and respiratory activity, and it is particularly useful during according to the operation of detected activity synchronous imaging system, but should be appreciated that, this sensor can also be used to detect other activity of patient, such as activity of stomach activity, kidney stone etc., and be used for the operation of synchronous imaging system in view of the above.
Figure 44-50 is shown in sensor and utilizes other useful in the system of this sensor characteristic as mentioned above.Therefore, Figure 44 and 45 relates to novel frequency measurement circuit and method; Figure 46-48 relates to novel temperature-compensation circuit and method; And Figure 49 and 50 relates to novel frequency generating circuit and method.
With respect to the frequency measurement circuit of Figure 44 and 45, the conventional method that high resolving power is measured the time interval is to utilize the high frequency clock oscillator.But traditional oscillator is expensive, and has big current drain, has therefore reduced them in the low-power of the sensor system and the use in low-cost the application.
In the method for Fig. 2, suppose the frequency f in the backfeed loop
xCycle is 1MHz (being to be 1 μ s in the cycle); Measuring Time is 10ms; And clock frequency is 100MHz (being that clock cycle or resolution are 10ns).In fact, measure the duration (10000 cycles) of 10ms/1 μ s, can distinguish the variation of the total duration of 1ns, the perhaps conversion in the cycle of 1ns (10000=10-4ns) can be distinguished the difference between cycle of 10 μ s and 0.9999999 μ s.This is corresponding to the frequency difference of 0.1Hz among the 1MHz.This system realizes very high resolution, but the 100MHz clock causes aforesaid shortcoming.
Consider identical measuring condition now, promptly survey frequency is 1MHz, deviation 0.1Hz, and Measuring Time is 10ms.Figure 44 diagram is used for the metering circuit of this purpose, and this circuit is by forming with lower unit: reference frequency compositor 441; Frequency mixer 442; Clock oscillator 443; And measuring unit 444.
Suppose that compositor 441 produces frequency f s=999.5kHz.So the output of mixer will not have deviation for 1MHz-999.5kHz=500Hz, and 1.0000001MHz-999.5kHz=500.1Hz, survey frequency deviation 0.1Hz.
The frequency of 500Hz is corresponding to the period of 2ms, and the frequency of 500.1Hz is corresponding to 1.9996ms.If measure the duration (10ms) in 5 cycles and will distinguish this 5 (2ms-1.9996ms), (perhaps 0.002ms), then need to have the clock 383m in this cycle (0.002ms), this cycle is corresponding to the frequency of 500kHz.
Therefore, might use low frequency clock 443 (as 500Khz) to replace the clock of 100MHz that same resolution is provided.On the other hand, can provide clock (as low relatively value) to reduce Measuring Time (as to 1ms) until 5MHz.
Figure 45 illustrates wherein frequency meter and clock oscillation and is implemented in method in the microprocessor 450 with an acquisition device, and promptly each edge may command inner lock storage register of survey frequency is so that the state of the fixing internal counter that clocks with the internal clocking oscillator.Mistiming between the continuous period of processor calculating latch register.
Compositor (451 among Figure 45) can be implemented as the counter 451 of clock oscillator output pulse, and its frequency can be used the preset signal control from microprocessor.Frequency mixer (Figure 45 452) can be implemented as the digital logical "and" component 452 with low-pass analog filter 453 and comparer 454.Just as all non-linear units, " with " logic element 452 its output on set up difference frequency and and frequency.Low-pass filter 453 only extracts sinusoidal difference frequency, and comparer 454 is set up the rect.p. (Figure 44) that receives with frequency meter 444.
With respect to Figure 46-48, illustrate temperature compensation characteristic, the speed of temperature effect energy transmission and beginning thermal expansion as mentioned above, will cause the variation in travel-time between the transmitter and receiver thus.Because may there be suitable temperature drift in the very high sensitivity of the sensor system in output frequency.When measuring the signal that slowly changes, be difficult to distinguishing signal and change and temperature drift.
Temperature drift can be eliminated by as above measuring with reference to the described binary channels of Figure 16 to 44.Figure 46 illustrates this two-channel measurement system, comprises two sensor S of ergometry
1, S
2As shown in figure 46, the power generation effect that measure is with expansion sensor S
1And contract sensor S
2Therefore, sensor S
2Output frequency will increase (+Δ f) and sensor S
1Output will reduce (Δ f).Final output signal obtains by deducting another output frequency from an output frequency:
F＝f
1-f
2＝(f
0+Δf+Δf
T)-(f
0-Δf+Δf
T)＝2Δf
Because temperature drift causes change (Δ f identical in two passages
T), therefore subtract each other and will eliminate the variation that temperature drift causes.
In fact, in standard method as shown in figure 47, each measures the ratio that passage 471,472 is measured incoming frequency and clock.The standard method utilization is used for two special clock oscillators 473 of measuring passage and being used for processor 474.The shortcoming of said method is that it need use two independent measurement passages, and needs the distribution processor time to finish subtraction algorithm.
Figure 48 illustrates one and improves one's methods, one of them sensor S
1Be used for single measurement passage, and the second sensor S
2Be connected to the input end of phaselocked loop (PLL) circuit 481.The high frequency output of PLL circuit 481 is as the clock of measuring passage 482 and processor 483.When temperature change, frequency and the clock of measuring passage change in proportion.Therefore its constant rate, because external force produces the opposite change of frequency, thus the changing on the contrary of above-mentioned ratio:
Should be noted that ratio needn't calculate in processing unit, but be reflected in automatically in the output of measuring passage.
As implied above, this technology has also realized the structure of new frequency generator.Should be noted that the crystal oscillator that is used for existing frequency generator generally includes single quartz crystal, it has two electrodes that are connected to electric feedback circuit.Oscillation frequency determines that by the mechanical resonance of crystal it is more stable than the resonant frequency of the electric circuit with electric capacity and inductance.The shortcoming of this oscillator is that crystal is simultaneously as electro-mechanical sensor and mechanical resonator.Be difficult to different requirements is combined in a kind of material, for example the high electromechanical coupling of sensor, the temperature stability of resonator.Although the quartzy very good material that is considered to be used for oscillator, for many application, its temperature stability is not enough.
Novel sensor can provide the frequency generator with very high temperature stability as mentioned above, because vibration frequency depends on the characteristic and the physical dimension of channel material, rather than piezoelectric transmitter and receiver.Therefore might select optimal material to be used for mechanical resonator and to be used for the electro-mechanical sensor individually.
Suppose that a system comprises aforesaid two acoustical channel, wherein each passage has a transmitter and a receiver that utilizes electric FEEDBACK CONTROL transmitter transmission integer sound wave to receiver.Each passage is made of the material with low linear expansion coefficient, and this coefficient is different slightly in two passages.As a result, when temperature change, an integer sound wave in each passage, and the frequency of each passage all will change.As shown in figure 45, have certain temperature spot, wherein channel frequence equates, and wherein temperature variation obtains opposite frequency shift.
Figure 50 illustrates this system, comprise two passages 501,502 and their feedback 503,504, but it has also disposed an additional feedback, is made of phase detector 505 with low-pass filter and control device 506.The input of phase detector 505 is the output of two passages 501,502.The output of control device 506 forces two same ground of passage and side by side changes their length.
At certain temperature spot, when frequency equated, phase detector 505 was output as zero, and control device 506 does not influence passage.When temperature variation, two frequencies attempt to change.It will produce one immediately owing to the reason of the slightly different temperature control of passage and differ in the output of two passages.The output signal that phase detector 505 offers control device 506 will force passage to change length in the mode of balanced two frequencies.Therefore, two frequencies will be got back to stable point.
1. can be embodied in the heating arrangement.In this case, the equilibrium temperature point of selection is higher than maximum operation temperature.Therefore, when environment temperature changed, the temperature of two passages remained on the equal point of frequency, and in other words, above-mentioned additional feedback is actually thermally-stabilised device.
2. can be embodied in the electro-mechanical actuating device.In this case, control device will produce the expansion or the contraction of two passages, and ratio is corresponding to their temperature coefficient.Therefore, when environmental temperature changed, the length of two passages remained on the equal point of frequency.
This starter may be embodied as different forms: as piezoelectric actuator, when voltage was applied on its electrode, its length changed according to reverse piezoelectric effect; As magnetostrictive starter, when electric current flows into its coil, change its length according to magnetostrictive effect; Perhaps, produce displacement according to its electric input as any other starter.
Although the above-mentioned characteristic shown in Figure 44-50 is particularly useful in sensor shown in Fig. 1-43 and system according to the present invention, should be appreciated that these characteristics are also useful in other application that relates to frequency measurement, temperature compensation and/or frequency generation.
Simultaneously,, should be appreciated that these only are used for the illustration purpose although described the present invention with reference to various preferred embodiments, and many other variation and the application that can invent.For example, sensor module not only can comprise the sensor (as Figure 41) that one of above-mentioned axially extended sensor (for example Fig. 1-9), horizontal expansion sensor (as Figure 34-36 and 42) or circumference extend, be used for detecting the variation of the transit distance of acoustical channel in response to the condition that detects, but can also comprise thermal sensing element, such as element shown in Figure 8, it is in response to the speed of passing on of the condition changing sound wave that detects.In addition,, should be appreciated that although the preferred embodiments of the present invention are utilized acoustic transmitter and receiver as mentioned above, sensor can also be embodied as visible light, infrared ray, RF or other electromagnetic energy transmitter and receiver.
Many other variations of the present invention, modification and application all are conspicuous.
Claims (63)
1. be used to measure the equipment of preset parameter, described preset parameter with respect to can ripple travel-time by medium have known or confirmable relation, comprising:
The sensor that is used for the described preset parameter of sensing, described sensor comprises transmitter, is used for the emission energy ripple by described medium; And receiver, be used to receive the described energy ripple that described transmitter transmits; And
Data processor is used to measure the energy travel-time of ripple from described transmitter to described receiver or the variation in travel-time, thereby draws measuring of described preset parameter;
It is characterized in that, described sensor comprises the soft elastomeric material body that has high-transmission rate and low attenuation characteristic with respect to described energy ripple, described transmitter and receiver is separated by described soft elastomeric material body each other, make when the described parameter of described sensor sensing, produce of the displacement of described transmitter with respect to described receiver, measure thus can ripple travel-time from described transmitter to described receiver or travel-time change the measurement of transmitter with respect to the displacement of receiver is provided, thereby and obtain preset parameter.
2. equipment as claimed in claim 1, wherein said airframe material is a silicon rubber.
3. equipment as claimed in claim 1, the formula that the continues A hardness of wherein said airframe material is 5-60.
4. equipment as claimed in claim 1, the formula that the continues A hardness of wherein said airframe material is 7-20.
5. equipment as claimed in claim 1, wherein said can ripple be sound wave.
6. equipment as claimed in claim 1, wherein said transmitter and receiver are embedded in the described airframe material body.
7. equipment as claimed in claim 1 is formed with a pair of support that is connected together with bridging on the wherein said airframe material body; Described transmitter is embedded in the support, and described receiver is embedded in another support, and described another support is through described bridge and described transmitter communications.
8. equipment as claimed in claim 1, wherein said airframe material body have been installed a printed circuit board (PCB) at least on its one side, this printed circuit board (PCB) comprises the circuit of the described data processor of at least a portion.
9. equipment as claimed in claim 1, wherein said airframe material body has also been installed a weight, the rate of change that this weight makes the described displacement of sensor sensing as inertia member.
10. equipment as claimed in claim 1, wherein said airframe material body has also been installed a temperature sensor, is used to measure temperature;
Described temperature sensor comprises second transmitter that is used for the emission energy ripple, be used to receive described second transmitter transmits can ripple second receiver and the responsive to temperature passage between described second transmitter and second receiver;
Described data processor also is used to measure the variation of acoustic energy from described second transmitter to the travel-time of described second receiver, the conductive variation of the described responsive to temperature passage that is caused by the temperature of described detection causes, thereby carries out the measurement of the temperature of described responsive to temperature passage.
11. equipment as claimed in claim 1, wherein said equipment comprise two described sensors, is installed on the common bracket, and their an end face opposite and being in alignment with each other, and their opposite end is fixed on the described carriage; The face-to-face end fix in position of described sensor is on parts between them, and can be by described preset parameter towards a sensor and away from another sensor displacement, make described movable parts at the elastic body of a sensor of displacement compression of either direction and expand the elastic body of another sensor, thereby get rid of temperature and other transient influence basically, strengthen the measurement of described preset parameter simultaneously.
12. equipment as claimed in claim 1, wherein said airframe material body also carries a magnet, thereby can measure the external magnetic field.
Measure blood pressure 13. equipment as claimed in claim 1, wherein said equipment are used for non-invasi ground, and comprise and the inflatable endless belt of described sensor communication, make sensor can measure the interior pressure of endless belt.
14. equipment as claimed in claim 13, wherein said equipment also comprises the parts that are used for making gradually described endless belt venting, the pressure survey that makes described sensor carry out comprises the oscillation complexes that pressure surge produced that patient's intra-arterial is beaten and caused by patient's pulse, measures patient's blood pressure thereby described equipment be can be used in according to the non-intervention of oscillometric method ground.
15. equipment as claimed in claim 1, wherein said sensor is carried by pitot tube, thus can measuring object speed by fluid media (medium).
16. equipment as claimed in claim 1 is measured this density of liquid or the impregnating depth of sensor in liquid thereby wherein said sensor can be immersed in the liquid.
17. equipment as claimed in claim 1, wherein said equipment also comprises the scale by one or more described sensor support, thereby can measure the weight on the scale.
18. equipment as claimed in claim 1, wherein said equipment comprises the integrated array of described sensor, as keyboard or pressure distribution sensor.
19. equipment as claimed in claim 1 is wherein stipulated the size of described sensor and is configured as in the opening that is placed on pressurized container or pipe, to measure pressure wherein.
20. equipment as claimed in claim 1, wherein said airframe material body has annular shape, is used to hold people's finger, wrist, arm or leg.
21. equipment as claimed in claim 1, wherein said airframe material body is a C shape, and at one end comprise described transmitter, comprise described receiver at the other end, and the elastic cord that connects these two ends, thereby allow the airframe material body to be installed on people's the body part, and apply predetermined pressure to this body part according to the size of described airframe material body and the elasticity of described band.
22. equipment as claimed in claim 1, wherein said sensor are installed between two parts of kinematic train, thereby measure the moment of torsion of described kinematic train.
23. equipment as claimed in claim 22, wherein a pair of described sensor is installed between described two parts of kinematic train, make its moment of torsion compress a sensor and expand another described sensor, thereby carry out basically not by the torque measurement of the kinematic train of temperature or the influence of other transient effect.
24. equipment as claimed in claim 1, wherein equipment comprises a plurality of sensors that link together in ring, makes the receiver of a sensor in the described ring trigger the transmitter of next sensor in the ring.
25. equipment as claimed in claim 1, wherein said sensor are installed between a pair of plate below the people, so that detect this human heart and respiratory activity.
26. equipment as claimed in claim 25, wherein said equipment also comprises alarm and oscillator; And when wherein during first predetermined time interval, not detecting cardiomotility, described data processor encourages described alarm, when during second predetermined time interval longer at interval, not detecting respiratory activity than the described very first time, described data processor encourages described oscillator, and when not detecting respiratory activity during the 3rd predetermined time interval longer than described second time interval, described data processor encourages described alarm.
27. equipment as claimed in claim 1, wherein said data processing can be used for: (a) detect the predetermined fiducial in each energy ripple of receiving; (b) according to each that detects receive can ripple reference point change the transmission frequency of this energy ripple continuously, the quantity of the feasible ripple of receiving is a complete integer; And (c) thereby the measurement of described preset parameter is carried out in the variation of survey frequency.
28. a sensor, be used for sensing with respect to can ripple travel-time by medium preset parameter with known or confirmable relation, described sensor comprises:
Soft elastomeric material body can have high-transmission rate and low attenuation characteristic by ripple with respect to described; And
By the transmitter and receiver of described elastic body carrying, described transmitter and receiver each interval makes described receiver reception to be that described transmitter sends and to have advanced the energy ripple that at least a portion soft elastomeric material body receives afterwards by ripple.
29. sensor as claimed in claim 28, wherein said airframe material is a silicon rubber.
30. sensor as claimed in claim 28, wherein said airframe material have the formula that the continues A hardness of 5-40.
31. sensor as claimed in claim 28, wherein said airframe material have the formula that the continues A hardness of 7-20.
32. sensor as claimed in claim 28, wherein said can ripple be sound wave.
33. sensor as claimed in claim 28, wherein said transmitter and receiver are embedded in the described airframe material body.
34. sensor as claimed in claim 28 is formed with a pair of support that is connected together with bridging on the wherein said airframe material body; Described transmitter is embedded in the support, and described receiver is embedded in another support, carries out audio communication through described bridge and described transmitter.
35. sensor as claimed in claim 28, wherein said airframe material body also carries the temperature sensor that is used to measure temperature.
36. sensor as claimed in claim 28, wherein said airframe material body also carries magnet, thereby can measure the external magnetic field.
37. sensor as claimed in claim 28, wherein said airframe material body comprises the array of described transmitter and receiver, as keyboard or pressure distribution sensor.
38. sensor as claimed in claim 28, wherein said airframe material body is an annular shape, is used to hold people's finger, wrist, arm or leg.
39. sensor as claimed in claim 28, wherein said sensor also comprises weight, and this weight makes the rate of change sensitivity of sensor to the spacing between the described transmitter and receiver effectively as inertia member.
40. sensor as claimed in claim 39, the arm carrying that wherein said weight is installed by rotor.
41. sensor as claimed in claim 28, wherein said sensor is carried by stationary installation, is used for first parts are fixed to second parts; Described stationary installation has two arms that at one end combine with return bend, and separates at their other end; Described first parts can be fixed to one of described arm at described first end; Described second parts can be fixed to another arm in the described arm at described first end; Described sensor is fixed between the described other end of arm.
42. sensor as claimed in claim 28, wherein said soft elastomeric material body are the form of arrowband, thereby are defined as narrow transmission channel between described transmitter and receiver.
43. sensor as claimed in claim 42, wherein said arrowband is fixed to the outside surface of the body of pressure deformable material of cylindrical configuration, so that extend around the described material bodies of at least a portion.
44. sensor as claimed in claim 42, wherein said can ripple be sound wave, and described narrow transmission channel is narrow acoustical channel.
45. sensor as claimed in claim 44, wherein said sensor also comprises the damping material with praetersonic attenuation characteristic in the opposite end of described soft airframe material bar, and described damping material is used for absorbing the sound wave except that the sound wave of described narrow acoustical channel.
The installation 46. sensor as claimed in claim 44, wherein said soft airframe material arrowband suspend from its opposite end; And wherein sensor also comprises the weight at the middle part that acts on described soft airframe material arrowband, makes sensor movable extremely sensitive to object that sensor has been installed.
47. sensor as claimed in claim 46, wherein said weight is pivotally installed and is at one end gone up, and its other end engages with the middle part of described soft airframe material arrowband.
48. sensor as claimed in claim 44, wherein said soft airframe material arrowband are installed on the deformable films that limits a chamber, make that this film can be with described indoor pressure distortion.
49. sensor as claimed in claim 44, wherein said soft airframe material arrowband is installed on the collapsible expandable supporting member, make the contraction of this supporting member that described acoustical channel is dwindled, and the described acoustical channel of the expanse of described supporting member.
50. sensor as claimed in claim 49, wherein said supporting member are the elastic parts of belt or belt, its structure and size make it possible to the part of the person of packing into, thereby detect because the activity of this part that breathing and/or heartbeat cause.
51. sensor as claimed in claim 44, wherein said narrow acoustical channel is installed on each opposite side of two deformable films between the fluid chamber, thereby measures the pressure reduction of two fluid chamber.
52. sensor as claimed in claim 44, wherein said narrow acoustical channel is installed on each opposite side of a deformable films in the force measuring device, and oriented perpendicular to each other, thereby provides temperature compensation for the power of measuring.
53. equipment as claimed in claim 1, wherein said equipment is hand-held portable electrical device, comprises the shell that loads described sensor, makes described device can also be used to measure described preset parameter.
54. equipment as claimed in claim 53, wherein said sensor comprises weight, and this weight makes the rate of change sensitivity of sensor to described preset parameter effectively as inertia member.
55. equipment as claimed in claim 53, wherein said hand-held device are cellular handset or portable digital-assistant.
56. equipment as claimed in claim 27, wherein said data processor comprises frequency measurement circuit, and this frequency measurement circuit comprises:
Produce the frequency synthesizer of preset frequency;
Frequency mixer, its input end receives the described preset frequency of compositor, and the frequency of the described transmitter transmission of the second input end receiving sensor, and the frequency that is used to produce an input end deducts the output frequency of the frequency of another input end;
Clock oscillator is used to produce clock frequency; And
Output circuit, its input end receives the output of described frequency mixer, and second input end receives the output of described clock oscillator, is used to carry out the measurement of frequency of the described transmitter transmission of sensor.
57. equipment as claimed in claim 56, wherein said output circuit and described clock oscillator have the microprocessor that obtains feature with one to be realized, and it is inner lock storage register of each edge of survey frequency control wherein, so that fixing by the clock state of internal counter of described clock oscillator.
58. equipment as claimed in claim 56, wherein said frequency mixer is realized by the Digital Logic AND gate unit with low-pass analog filter and comparer.
59. equipment as claimed in claim 11, wherein said data processor comprises:
Single measurement passage, it has from the input of a sensor and to the output of CPU; And
Phaselocked loop, it has the input from another sensor, and the output that time clock is offered described single measurement passage and described CPU.
60. a system that is used to produce preset frequency comprises:
First equipment according to claim 1 comprises first soft elastomeric material body, and it limits first acoustical channel of first effective length, and has temperature variant first linear expansion coefficient;
Second equipment according to claim 1 comprises second soft elastomeric material body, and it limits the second sound signalling channel of second effective length, and has temperature variant second linear expansion coefficient that is different from described first linear expansion coefficient;
From the first electric feedback circuit of described first equipment, be used to control its frequency;
From the second electric feedback circuit of described second equipment, be used to control its frequency;
Phase detector, it has the low-pass filter of the output that receives the described first and second electric feedback circuits; And
Control device is controlled described first and second soft elastomeric material body in response to the output of described phase detector, thereby makes two soft elastomeric material body change the frequency of their balanced two acoustical channel of effective length.
61. a system is used to produce preset frequency, described system comprises:
First acoustical channel, it has transmitter and receiver, and described receiver is controlled described transmitter and is transmitted an integer sound wave to described receiver, and described first acoustical channel has first effective length and temperature variant first linear expansion coefficient;
Second sound signalling channel, it has transmitter and receiver, and described receiver is controlled described transmitter and is transmitted an integer sound wave to described receiver, and described second sound signalling channel has second effective length and temperature variant second linear expansion coefficient;
The first electric feedback circuit from described first acoustical channel is used to control its frequency;
The second electric feedback circuit from described second sound signalling channel is used to control its frequency;
Phase detector receives the output of the described first and second electric feedback circuits; And
Control device in response to the output of described phase detector, is controlled described first and second acoustical channel, with the frequency of described two acoustical channel of equilibrium.
62. system as claimed in claim 61, wherein said phase detector has low-pass filter.
63. system as claimed in claim 61, wherein each described acoustical channel comprises soft elastomeric material body, and it has praetersonic conduction and infrasonic wave's decay.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| US44701703P | 2003-02-13 | 2003-02-13 | |
| US60/447,017 | 2003-02-13 | ||
| US60/483,110 | 2003-06-30 |
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| CN100507547C CN100507547C (en) | 2009-07-01 |
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