CN1844893A - Technology and apparatus for detecting single-beam multi-wavelength mixed gas concentration in mine shaft - Google Patents
Technology and apparatus for detecting single-beam multi-wavelength mixed gas concentration in mine shaft Download PDFInfo
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- CN1844893A CN1844893A CN 200610012519 CN200610012519A CN1844893A CN 1844893 A CN1844893 A CN 1844893A CN 200610012519 CN200610012519 CN 200610012519 CN 200610012519 A CN200610012519 A CN 200610012519A CN 1844893 A CN1844893 A CN 1844893A
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Abstract
The invention relates to a method for detecting the mixed gas density of single beam and multi wavelengths in the mine and relative device, belonging to the optical gas detecting technique. Wherein, selecting electric modulated (AT89C52) low-temperature heat radiate infrared electric light source (2); selecting the range of special gas density inversion formula of double wavelength method according to the detecting accuracy; filtering light (16, 17, 18, 15) that using detected gas characteristic adsorption peak wavelength and the non-adsorption wavelength as the filter wavelength; calculating math average on the light strengths of several points at the rising edge of each module period of filter light; using k=6.21713*10-6 to correct the self excursion of light source power; calculating the mixed gas explosion limit and the dangerous degree; the invention comprises a stabilize power source (ADP200), opening gas chamber (12), collecting processing circuit (9), temperature and zirconia sensor (6, 10) and dew-remove clean element (4). The invention can real-time detect variable dangerous gases, densities under mine, with high sensitivity, accuracy and quick response. And it can match present detecting system to process continuously analysis and automatic control.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to the optical gas detection technique, relate generally to the architecture advances of mine gas concentration detection technique method and support equipment thereof.
Background technology
At present both at home and abroad the gas concentration emphasis that detects research is mainly three kinds of firedamp sensors such as carrier catalysis combustion-type, light interference type and heat conduction formula, and these three kinds also be extensive, the most general firedamp sensor of use present mine under.
In these three kinds of firedamp sensors, carrier catalysis formula sensor has obtained using widely in recent years, has occupied the leading position of coal-mine gas detecting instrument.But because the type sensor is subjected to inherent shortcoming influences such as " poisonings ", " activations " of catalytic specie, make this class sensor exist life-span short (being generally about 1 year), stability bad, need deficiency such as frequent adjustment (be generally per 7～10 days need adjustment once); Its adjustment work needs professional technique again, and equipment also is difficult to reach the accuracy standard when dispatching from the factory after the on-the-spot adjustment.The type sensor output simultaneously has the two-value characteristics, so its detectable concentration scope is no more than 5%CH
4, be generally 0～4%CH
4And the scope that this value is a gas safety content.In for the more gassy mine of number, use this equipment, be difficult to reflect that accurately on-the-spot gas bearing capacity exceeds the concrete condition of safe range, can not can not find gas hidden danger and prevent that the gas disaster from providing needed detection support for correct resolution provides necessary detection data for timely.
Optical interference type firedamp sensor or gas detector have characteristics such as highly sensitive, that measuring speed is fast, measurement range is wide, but owing to be subject to the interference and the Effect of Environmental of other gas, this class sensor exists equally and detects big, the stable defect of bad of error.For example, CO
2The refractive index of gas (1.0004481) is close with gas refractive index (1.0004419), and measurement result will be the superposition value of two kinds of gas concentrations, thereby forms measuring error.The variation of simultaneously any factor that can change gas refracting index such as air pressure, variation of temperature, the variation of vapour concentration, the interference of other gas componant all will badly influence measurement result.Therefore, this type gas detector needs aqueous absorbent, carbon-dioxide absorbent or molecular sieve to reduce the influence to measurement result of steam, carbon dioxide, need simultaneously aqueous absorbent, carbon-dioxide absorbent are proofreaied and correct and regularly replaced to temperature, air pressure change, these deficiencies make the use of the type sensor be restricted.
Heat-conducted sensor firedamp sensor has characteristics such as sensing range is big, good operating stability, low price, but the restriction of examined principle exists shortcomings such as accuracy of detection is poor, temperature drift is big, sensitivity is low.
Based on the firedamp sensor of spectroscopy principle because the advance of its detection principle, have natively highly sensitive, response speed is fast, measurement range greatly, is not subjected to advantages such as other gas interference, and does not have defectives such as carrier catalysis type sensor distinctive " poisoning ", " activation ".Therefore should be the developing direction of firedamp sensor from now on based on the firedamp sensor of spectroscopy principle.
Detect principle based on the firedamp sensor of spectroscopy principle according to it and generally can be divided into four kinds of spectral absorption formula, Raman spectrum formula and fluorescence spectrum formula and refractive index formulas (being mainly used in functional Fibre-Optic Sensors).Raman spectrum formula and fluorescence spectrum formula firedamp sensor might become the Ignition sources of mine gas explosion owing to need stronger excitation laser light source, therefore are not suitable for using under coal mine.
The spectral absorption formula generally has two kinds of single wavelength reference beam method and single beam double wave regular ways, early is applied to gas analysis, and its technology is also comparatively ripe.No matter single wavelength reference beam method still is a single beam double wave regular way, generally all uses infrared light supply (being heated to 1000 ℃ china clay rod), is a serious potential safety hazard but use the china clay rod infrared light supply that is heated to 1000 ℃ under mine.In order to improve sensitivity and accuracy of detection, generally all use mechanical chopper to modulate, cause the type checkout equipment heaviness, complexity, the price height.Therefore cause the application of the type gas detection equipment under coal mine for a long time to be restricted.
Summary of the invention
The technical problem to be solved in the present invention is to propose can be used for down-hole, the technical scheme of single-beam multi-wavelength mixed gas concentration in mine shaft detection technique and device.
The particular content of technical solution of the present invention method part is, single-beam multi-wavelength mixed gas concentration in mine shaft detection technique method, comprise and measure the uptake of gas to be checked modulated detection light, in double correction form when containing other influence factor, calculate gas blending constituent content to be checked according to the corresponding relation between this uptake and corresponding mixed gas composition content or this corresponding relation.Wherein, described detection light is produced by the infrared electric light source of low temperature heat radiation; Modulate detecting light by modulation circuit; With double wave regular way gas concentration inverting formula, set up between described uptake and corresponding mixed gas composition content the corresponding relation that changes with the testing environment temperature; And the scope of pressing the selected gas concentration inverting formula institute of accuracy of detection Applicable temperature section.Like this, the infrared electric light source of low temperature heat radiation provides the possibility of light source trouble free service under the hazardous gas environment; Modulation circuit can realize detecting the modulation of light, obviously simplified the formation of equipment and requirement to condition of work, alleviated the volume and the weight of equipment greatly; Set the different inverting formulas of specific gas under the different big or small temperature section scopes, both set up the corresponding relation that changes with temperature between detection and concentration, taken into account the actual requirement of reasonable accuracy of detection again; Spectral absorption formula detection method might be carried out at the scene, down-hole, thereby the technical matters that makes the present invention propose the method part is solved substantially.
Before the detection light measurement of the present invention, also to need through the filtered light wavelength be the characteristic absorption peak wavelength of corresponding gas componant and wavelength value does not have a place in the absorbing wavelength scope substantially, and handles as the optical filtering with reference to optical wavelength light for this gas.Wherein, the optical filtering of individual features absorption peak wavelength is handled and can is, wavelength value is respectively a plurality of optical filterings processing of individual features absorption peak wavelength separately of the contained multiple hazard component to be checked of on-the-spot mixed gas; And selected same reference light, its wavelength is that this multiple hazardous gas to be checked does not have the place's wavelength in the common scope of absorbing wavelength all substantially.Like this, filter and handle from photometry to be checked, selected the filtered light of the required respective wavelength of double wave regular way gas concentration inverting formula; The optical filtering of the corresponding a plurality of characteristic absorption peak wavelength of corresponding multiple hazardous gas composition to be checked is handled, and then provides possibility for the method with basic synchronization realizes the double wave regular way detection of plurality of target gas content.
Light intensity in the gas concentration inverting formula of the present invention is tried to achieve by the arithmetic equal value that detects light per modulation period of rising edge isochronic interval multiple spot light intensity, so as to reducing the influence of noise fluctuations.
Correction form to corresponding relation between modulated detection absorbing amount and corresponding mixed gas composition content of the present invention also comprises, to the correction of the ratio of characteristic absorption peak wavelength place's light intensity in the gas concentration inverting formula and reference wave strong point light intensity, promptly with light source power self coefficient of deviation k=6.21713 * 10
-6, with the product of the positive and negative drift value of reference light light intensity, the ratio to characteristic absorption peak wavelength place's light intensity and reference wave strong point light intensity increases and decreases correction in the same way.Drift about to the influence of testing result to eliminate light source power self, and enter duty rapidly after making device start.
The method of the invention also comprises the calculating to mixed gas explosion limit and hazard level, promptly determine the calculating of mixed gas blast upper and lower limit with Li Chate (Le Chatelier) rule, determine the calculating of Ke Wade explosion triangle scope, with to the explosivity of gas to be measured and the judgement of harmful grade under the on-the-spot oxygen concentration condition of environment to be measured, so that testing result is further relevant with on-the-spot hazard level.
The method of the invention also comprises to be handled the Instant Compulsion ventilation that is exposed to on-the-spot transparent component surface in detecting light path, to remove the micronic dust and the dewfall of transparent component surface attachment, keep normal operating conditions, avoid down-hole coal dust etc. to pollute influence measurement result.
The particular content of technical solution of the present invention device part is, the single-beam multi-wavelength mixed gas concentration in mine shaft pick-up unit comprises, body, link with body, the air chamber that holds gas to be detected, be positioned at air chamber top, produce and detect light, and make it pass through air chamber, the detection light source that links with body, light source is modulated, link with it and be fixed in the modulation signal generator of body, be positioned at the air chamber terminal, detect the air chamber optical signal transmissive, the receiving trap that links with body, link with body, gather the sensor that influences testing result factor parameter, receive the output of receiving trap and sensor, according to requiring to set up between relevant parameter to concern to receiving the image data computing, select and calculate, and be fixed in the data acquisition and the treatment circuit of body, receiving processing circuit output also is fixed in the testing result display of body.Wherein, described air chamber is for keeping the unimpeded formula of beginning to speak structure with the gas on-site environment; The modulation circuit of modulation signal generator for the light source power supply circuit being modulated with fixed frequency; Detection light source is the infrared electric light source of low temperature heat radiation that working temperature is lower than down-hole hazardous gas burning-point; And be provided with the sensor that to experience gas scene temperature to be checked; Collection contains with treatment circuit carries out multiple spot collection, average computation to the output signal of receiving trap, judge temperature section under it according to temperature sensor output, comply with the retrieving concentration formula that affiliated temperature section is set up corresponding gas componant to be checked, and the computing circuit of finding the solution corresponding gas concentration according to the retrieving concentration formula.Like this, the infrared electric light source of low temperature heat radiation can guarantee in downhole safety work, modulation circuit can be realized the modulation to the light source power supply circuit, temperature sensor can the propagated sensation temperature parameter relevant with the retrieving concentration formula, gather with treatment circuit and can gather and handle the needed data of foregoing invention method, the formula air chamber of beginning to speak has been simplified the gatherer process of gas sample, and it is actual that detection is easier near the scene of gas to be detected; Thereby for realizing that the technology of the present invention method provides appointed condition, solved the present invention about technical matters that environment division proposed.
Modulation circuit of the present invention is the corresponding single chip machine controlling circuit that can carry out switch control to the light source power supply circuit, or making the electrical modulation circuit of light source power supply electric current with the concussion of certain frequency and amplitude, this is two kinds of electrical methods can successfully modulating light source.
The constant reference power supply of magnitude of voltage when the infrared electric light source of low temperature heat radiation of the present invention has adopted path is with the detection light after the stable modulation.
Sensor of the present invention also comprises the zirconia sensor that can experience the on-the-spot oxygen content of gas to be checked, and treatment circuit also contains the circuit that gas componant content risk factor to be checked is calculated.To obtain at the scene under the oxygen content condition hazard level of gas to be detected.
Receiving trap of the present invention comprises, receives the detector of reference light and corresponding each gas characteristic absorption peak transmitted light to be checked respectively, and splits its filter part preceding, that corresponding strainability is arranged.Like this, under single detection light source condition, the mode that each detector can basic synchronization receives the transmitted light and the necessary reference light of double wave regular way of corresponding gas content, and different component content detection result provides architecture basics in the gas sample in order to obtain.
The beginning of air chamber of the present invention, terminal are respectively with light source and receiving trap the transparent component that keeps sealed attachment, is positioned at the detection light path, in its outside proximity, are provided with the electric fan towards transparent component.Like this, under the situation that guarantees the detection light-path, can get rid of field condition and detect the influence of light path, and prevent and remove the attached dirt and the dewfall of transparent component exposed surface in the light path beyond the air chamber.
The present invention selects the infrared electric light source of low temperature heat radiation for use, modulation circuit, by detection computations precision set double wave regular way, specific gas concentration inverting formula under the different zone temperatures, corresponding various features absorption peak wavelength, the optical filtering of same reference light wavelength receives, filtered light per modulation period of rising edge isochronic interval multiple spot is gathered the gained light intensity does sums on average, light source power self drift correction, the calculating of mixed gas explosion limit and hazard level, the parts of keeping a public place clean with reference pressure stabilization power and sealed transparent parts, make the gas sample acquisition of beginning to speak, multiple hazardous gas synchronous detection is able to carry out in the down-hole, and makes testing result directly related with on-the-spot hazard level.Learn through investigation, the successful utilization of digitizing firedamp remote monitoring network system makes the gas active situation that monitors any one colliery that township, county, city, province safe coal department can be real-time, but because wrong report (measurement range is limited) that traditional firedamp sensor caused and fail to report (big concentration gas impacts back length release time), often be difficult in time to find the potential safety hazard in the colliery.If this coal-mine gas infrared detection technology practicability in digitizing firedamp remote monitoring network system, can be realized wide region (0～99.9%), high sensitivity, high precision, fast-response and real measurement of the on-the-spot gas density of mine.
The present invention is directed to the shortcoming and defect of present traditional firedamp sensor, use for reference the mentality of designing of existing infra-red gas analyzer, based on the infrared spectrum absorption techniques, employing begin to speak air chamber structure and single beam dual wavelength Detection Techniques, realized the downhole safety of multiple inflammable gas with C-H structure and carbon monoxide (CO) harmful gas is detected, and measurement range wide (0%～99.9%), highly sensitive, the measuring accuracy height, response speed is fast, equipment can not poisoned, be convenient to Operation and Maintenance, need not frequent adjustment and long service life, preheating time behind the device start is short, can enter duty rapidly; Output signal standard with the existing supervisory system compatibility of mine is arranged, can analyze continuously and control automatically.
Description of drawings
Accompanying drawing has provided embodiment of the invention principle and structural representation.
Fig. 1 is the structural arrangement and the workflow synoptic diagram of single-beam multi-wavelength mixed gas concentration in mine shaft pick-up unit;
Fig. 2 is the structural representation of single-beam multi-wavelength mixed gas concentration in mine shaft pick-up unit;
Fig. 3 is the A-A cut-open view of Fig. 2;
Fig. 4 analyses and observe partial enlarged drawing for the B-B of Fig. 2;
Fig. 5 is the light source power supply circuit diagram;
Fig. 6 is the pre-amplification circuit figure of infrared eye group;
Fig. 7 is the second amplifying circuit figure of infrared eye group;
Fig. 8 is the circuit diagram of data acquisition and treatment circuit;
Fig. 9 is the circuit diagram of communicating circuit;
Figure 10 is the spectral characteristic figure of the infrared electric light source of low temperature heat radiation;
Figure 11 be reference light power not simultaneously with pairing I '
Gas/ I '
RefThe graph of a relation of value;
Figure 12 is the standard calibration gas generating system of experiment foundation and the process flow diagram of test macro;
Figure 13 is the I that is surveyed when not adding luminous power self drift correction item in the experiment
i'
Gas/ I '
RefThe stability diagram of value;
Figure 14 adds the (I that is surveyed behind luminous power self the drift correction item in the experiment
i'
Gas/ I '
RefThe stability diagram of) ' value.
Embodiment
The invention will be further described below in conjunction with drawings and Examples.
Draw the implication of sequence number representative in Fig. 1,2,3,4: 2 detection light source 3 transparent components, 4 tilting miniature electric fan 5 infrared eye group 6 temperature sensors, 7 amplification circuit of electrical signal 8 modulation signal modules, 9 data acquisitions of 1 light source power supply circuit and treatment circuit 10 oxygen concentration sensors 11 housings 12 formula of beginning to speak is measured the optical filter of air chamber 13 acoustooptic alarm systems 14 display modules 15,16,17,18,19 for added different wave length on the receive window at each detector.
First embodiment is the single-beam multi-wavelength mixed gas concentration in mine shaft pick-up unit, and its physical dimension is 200 * 145 * 40 millimeters, and heavily about 0.7 kilogram, power supply is the D.C. regulated power supply of 12-24V, and serviceable life was greater than 3 years.
This routine apparatus structure can be referring to Fig. 1,2,3,4.At an end of its upper side by detection light source 2 and its feed circuit 1 of transparent component 3 and housing 11 sealings.The other end of its upper side is a signal receiving device, it comprises by the infrared eye group 5 of transparent component 3 and housing seal, temperature sensor 6 and amplification circuit of electrical signal 7, infrared eye group 5 has five thermopile detectors, on perpendicular to the receive window of light path, be pasted with reference light optical filter 15 respectively before it, its peak wavelength is positioned at 4 μ m places, reach the optical filter 16,17,18,19 that four wavelength value correspond respectively to methane, ethane, propane and carbon monoxide absorption peak, their peak wavelength is respectively 3.39 μ m, 3.36 μ m, 3.56 μ m and 4.61 μ m.Part between two transparent components 3 of detection light source 2 and infrared eye group 5 is the formula of beginning to speak and measures air chamber 12.The equipment bottom is a main casing 11, and data acquisition and treatment circuit 9 are equipped with in its inside, and this circuit has comprised modulation signal output module 8, and the top in the positive outside of housing 11 is acoustooptic alarm systems 13, is display module 14 under it.Its upper side is equipped with miniature electric fan 4 respectively in transparent component 3 outsides of detection light source 2 and receiving trap, and their dip plane are to corresponding transparent component.With the side of infrared eye group 5 homonymies oxygen concentration sensor 10 is housed also.Wherein, detection light source 2 is the infrared electric light source IRL715 of low temperature heat radiation, temperature sensor 6 is a thermistor type sensors, modulation signal output module 8 is single chip computer AT 89C52, oxygen concentration sensor 10 is a zirconia sensor, display module 14 shows that for the LED seven segment code housing 11 designs for stainless steel.
Circuit in this routine device can be referring to Fig. 5,6,7,8,9.It mainly is divided into five parts, comprises light source power supply circuit, received signal pre-amplification circuit, second amplifying circuit, data acquisition and treatment circuit and communicating circuit.Wherein, the light source power supply circuit has been selected chip ADP200 and switching mode field effect transistor IRF7401 for use, respectively as the reference voltage source of light source power supply and the light source switch in the modulation circuit, as shown in Figure 5.Light signal receiving contains six tunnel output signals, comprises that temperature signal, reference signal and receiver gases absorb the back signal, and they and corresponding separately pre-amplification circuit link, and have selected the AD8552 operational amplifier here for use, as shown in Figure 6.The electric signal second amplifying circuit is exported with six tunnel of Fig. 5 respectively and is linked, and selected operational amplifier is LMV358, as shown in Figure 7.Comprise in data acquisition and the treatment circuit+5V and+6V power supply, data acquisition chip MAX187, single chip computer AT 89C52, latch address chip SNJ54HCT573AJ, memory module HM62256, sheet select SNJ54HCT138J and house dog MAX813 etc., as shown in Figure 8.Wherein, being input as+24V of power supply circuit, select for use MC7805 and MC7806 produce respectively+5V and+supply voltage of 6V, in the light source power supply circuit, need+the 6V power supply, all the other are+the 5V power supply; The input end 16,17,18,19,20 of data acquisition chip and 21 pin respectively with second amplifying circuit in six tunnel output signals link, the signal output part of its 22 pin and zirconia sensor links, 14,13,12,11,10, the 9 and 8 pin output of this this chip of seven routes, they link with 39,38,37,36,35,34,33 pin of single-chip microcomputer, 2,3,4,5,6,7,8 pin of latch module and 11,12,13,15,16,17,18 pin of memory module respectively, and 15 pin of 24 pin of data acquisition chip and sheet choosing link; 19,18,17,16,15,14,13 pin of latch address chip link with 10,9,8,7,6,5,4 pin of memory module respectively.For single-chip microcomputer, 7,9 pin link with 6,7 pin of house dog respectively, 16,17 pin link with 3,4 pin of data acquisition chip and 27,22 pin of memory module respectively, 21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28 pin link with 25,24,21,23,2,26,1,20 pin of memory module respectively, and 31,40 pin all link with+5V power supply.Communicating circuit then is made up of chip MAX232 and SN75176, and as shown in Figure 9, wherein, 11,12 pin of MAX232 and 4,1 pin of SN75176 link with 11,10 pin of single-chip microcomputer respectively, and 13,14 pin of MAX232 link with 7,6 pin of SN75176 respectively.The switching programme of being stored in the single-chip microcomputer is carried out switch control by 8 pin to the field effect transistor in the light source power supply circuit, has constituted the modulation circuit of light source.
Simultaneously rule compiled programs such as parameter as described below, formula and judgement are deposited in the single-chip microcomputer, realize the setting of this device software part.
Promptly set the program of light source being modulated and the infrared eye signal is carried out demodulation; Set whenever have detect light by the time the n that counts that the received signal of infrared eye is gathered be 128; The signal of having set collecting averages calculating, i.e. (a
1+ a
2...+a
i+ ... a
128)/128, wherein, a
iThe numerical value of i the point that expression is collected; Set the light intensity that respectively detects after light is received and averages by its corresponding detector after absorbing with average after the ratio I of reference light intensity
i'
Gas/ I '
Ref, wherein, i=1,2,3,4, represent methane, ethane, propane and CO gas respectively; The correction formula of setting luminous power self drift is (I
i'
Gas/ I '
RefThe I of) '=
i'
Gas/ I '
Ref+ 6.21713 * 10
-6* (I '
Ref-8000), wherein, I
i'
GasExpression is positioned at wavelength X
IgasThe detection light at place is by i kind gas to be measured and the relative light intensity after being absorbed, I '
RefExpression is positioned at wavelength X
RefThe reference light at place passes through the relative light intensity behind the gas to be measured, the relative light intensity value of its reference light during 8000 expression detection light source steady operations, I
i'
Gas/ I '
Ref(I
i'
Gas/ I '
RefThe numerical value before and after the luminous power drift correction is carried out in the expression of) ' respectively; Set gas concentration inverting formula P to be measured
i=-a * ln[((I
i'
Gas/ I '
Ref) '-b)/c], wherein, a, b, c are constant, are stored in the single-chip microcomputer P
iConcentration for corresponding gas componant; Set and judged that temperature signal that temperature sensor receives belongs to the program of which temperature section (total size is-15～30 ℃, and per 5 ℃ is a temperature section); Set and utilized the relevant temperature section to access corresponding a, b, c value, and with (I
i'
Gas/ I '
RefCalculate P respectively in the) ' value substitution retrieving concentration formula
1, P
2, P
3, P
4, and show by display module; Set total concentration formula P
T=P
1+ P
2+ P
3+ P
4, and show P
TValue; Set computing lower explosive limit computing formula L
TL=P
T/ (P
1/ 5+P
2/ 3.22+P
3/ 2.4+P
4/ 12.5) and upper explosion limit formula L
TU=P
T/ (P
1/ 16+P
2/ 12.45+P
3/ 9.5+P
4/ 75), and show L
TLValue and L
TUValue; Set P
TWhether greater than L
TLAnd less than L
TUThe judgement formula; If it is false to have set above-mentioned judgement, then program is out of service, waits pending new data-signal, if true, then trigger alerting signal and continues to carry out following program setting; Set whether mixed gas has been in judgment formula in the explosion triangle, m=P
T/ (P
1/ 6.1+P
2/ 3.9+P
3/ 3.1+P
4/ 13.9), n=0.2093 * [100-m (6P
1+ 2.96P
2+ 3.14P
3+ 4.12P
4)/P
T-m], x=(P
O2-21-0.21P
T) (m-21-0.21n), y=[(L
TU-m) P
O2+ (n-21+0.21L
TU) P
T+ 21m-0.21mL
TU-nL
TU] [(L
TU-m) (21-0.21L
TL)+(n-21+0.21L
TU) L
TL+ 21m-0.21mL
TU-nL
TU], z=[(L
TL-m) P
O2+ (n-21+0.21L
TL) P
T+ 21m-0.21mL
TL-nL
TL] [(L
TL-m) (21-0.21L
TU)+(n-21+0.21L
TL) L
TU+ 21m-0.21mL
TL-nL
TL]; Set x, whether y, z be simultaneously greater than 0 judgement; If it is false to have set above-mentioned judgement, then program is out of service, waits pending new data-signal, if true, then shows " can be quick-fried ".It more than is the structrual description of this routine equipment.
During work, starting outfit enters duty, and the switching programme in the single-chip microcomputer is by its 8 pin, and the switched field effect pipe in the light source power supply circuit sends the constant voltage signal of frequency and controls it and cut-off, to realize detecting the modulation of light.Wherein, the detection light source that is adopted is the infrared electric light source IRL715 of low temperature heat radiation, temperature is about 200 ℃ during its operate as normal, far below 500～600 ℃ of the ignition temperatures of gas, and the general china clay rod that is heated to 1000 ℃ that adopts of traditional infrared light supply, this has brought serious potential safety hazard to the down-hole undoubtedly.The spectral characteristic of the infrared electric light source of this low temperature heat radiation as shown in figure 10, its spectral range is 2～4.6um, has covered the absorption band with reference to light belt and methane, ethane, propane and carbon monoxide fully, thus detecting for multiple hazardous gas to provide may; Adopted chip AD200 as its reference power supply in the feed circuit of light source, thereby made that the detection luminous power when detection light source is worked is more stable; Having adopted with single chip computer AT 89C52 and field effect transistor IRF7401 is the electrical modulation system of core, has saved traditional mechanical chopper, makes that equipment is light and handy, simple and cost is low.When the detection light that has modulation intelligence when beginning to speak air chamber, the contained composition to be checked of gas on-site will absorb the incident light of corresponding certain wave strong point with it.Here, adopt the air chamber of beginning to speak can make tested gas freely pass through to measure light path, device responds speed is fast, and is highly sensitive, and the measuring accuracy height can reflect fire damp concentration better.And traditional infrared gas analyzer device adopts closed air chamber, uses rear gas chamber very easily being corroded property gas such as H for a long time
2S, SO
2Deng pollution, and it need utilize air pump and the pipeline conveying sample gas of bleeding, not only reduced the detection validity of environment gas density, and made the electric power of complete machine and volume all bigger, if add explosion-resistant enclosure, seem heavy more, the formula of beginning to speak is measured air chamber and then saved air pump and complicated gas circuit, makes machine volume little, and is low in energy consumption, be convenient for carrying, cost also reduces greatly.
Adopted the spectral absorption method principle of single beam multi-wavelength, be by reference light optical filter that correspondence before five infrared eyes is provided with and the optical filter that corresponds respectively to methane, ethane, propane, CO gas absorption peak, carry out the single beam multi-wavelength and measure, with basic realization to the multiple inflammable gas with C-H structure and the synchronous mensuration of carbon monoxide harmful gas content.This sentences methane is example, and single-chip microcomputer carries out filtering, separates and be in harmonious proportion after the A/D conversion the electric signal that has modulation intelligence that detector receives, and obtains I
1'
Gas=13130, I '
Ref=9288.Wherein, I
1'
GasAnd I '
RefBe respectively to obtain after corresponding to two infrared eyes of the optical filter at methane adsorption peak, 3.39 μ m place and 4 μ m place reference light optical filters its reception value being handled by being added with, this processing process comprises collection and the calculating to signal.Wherein, gather the voltage signal rising edge that each infrared eye is received at every turn for acquisition chip, carry out data acquisition by set point number, isochronic interval, calculating then is average computation, promptly by setting is described each data that collect is sued for peace afterwards again divided by data number 128.Get I by default formula
1'
Gas/ I '
Ref=13130/9288=1.4136.Here adopt I
1'
GasWith I '
RefThe method of ratio is a single beam double wave regular way, can eliminate because the interference that scattering, reflection and surround lighting etc. are caused.
Carry out the correction of luminous power drift then, get (I by setting formula
1'
Gas/ I '
RefThe 1.4136+6.21713 of) '=* 10
-6* (9288-8000)=1.4216.Wherein, luminous power drift correction coefficient k=6.21713 * 10
-6The slope that comes from straight line as shown in figure 11, in variation of ambient temperature little or when adding the different gas to be measured of concentration this slope value constant substantially, 8000 is the relative light intensity value of reference light under the detection light source normal operation.After so carrying out linear compensation, just can eliminate because the unstable caused measuring error of light source light power makes accuracy of detection can meet the detection requirement of mine gas; Simultaneously, starting outfit soon, when the detection light source luminous power was about near its steady operation value, correction term just can be with its measured value I
i'
Gas/ I '
RefValue when being modified to operate as normal can detect, therefore, be added with luminous power drift correction item after, shortened to 2～3 minute from 5～10 minutes the preheating time behind the device start, enters duty rapidly.
Next carry out the temperature correction and calculate methane concentration.Recording environment temperature by thermistor is 17 ℃, and because of it belongs to 15～20 ℃ temperature section, then single-chip microcomputer will access a=11.07774, b=1.210366, and c=0.32901, thus know that methane concentration inverting formula is P
1=-11.07774 * ln[((I
1'
Gas/ I '
Ref) '-1.210366)/0.32901], with (I
1'
Gas/ I '
RefCalculate in) '=this formula of 1.4216 substitutions, obtain P
1=4.91 (%).Here, the method that is adopted during the temperature correction is, is environment temperature setting range (15 ℃～30 ℃) that a temperature section is divided by per 5 ℃, and each temperature section is to there being each gas concentration inverting formula to be measured, this dividing regions segment base of 5 ℃ originally can satisfy the requirement of the measuring accuracy of subsurface environment, after so carrying out the temperature correction, can reduce the influence of temperature variation, make equipment can be applicable to different downhole temperature conditions testing result.Meanwhile, the single-chip microcomputer utilization is handled identical method with above-mentioned to methane, successively the signal of ethane, propane and carbon monoxide is handled and is calculated, and obtains P
2=2.05 (%), P
3=3.88 (%), P
4=1.03 (%) show on the display " methane 4.91% ethane 2.05% propane 3.88% carbon monoxide 1.03% ".Total concentration by above-mentioned four kinds of gases in the set-up and calculated gas to be measured gets P
T=4.91+2.05+3.88+1.03=11.87 (%) shows on the display " total concentration 11.87% ".This tested mixed gas is that the laboratory is accurately formulated through instrument, the normal concentration of its each composition is: methane---5.0%, ethane---2.0%, propane---4.0%, carbon monoxide---5.0%. this shows, this equipment has high accuracy of detection, can satisfy the requirement of down-hole fully.
Get L by setting the blast upper and lower limit that formula calculates this mixed gas again
TL=11.87/ (4.91/5+2.05/3.22+3.88/2.4+1.03/12.5)=3.58 (%), L
TU=11.87/ (4.91/16+2.05/12.45+3.88/9.5+1.03/75)=13.28 (%), display shows " lower limit 3.58% upper limit 13.28% ".Wherein, L
TLAnd L
TUThe lower explosive limit and the upper limit of representing this mixed gas respectively.Compare by setup program, L
TL＜P
T＜L
TU, judge mixed gas thus and be positioned at the blast limit, then single-chip microcomputer can continue to carry out setting program when triggering the sound and light alarm signal command.Judge again whether gas to be measured is in the Ke Wade explosion triangle, calculate by setting formula, m=11.87/ (4.91/6.1+2.05/3.9+3.88/3.1+1.03/13.9)=4.4687 (%), n=0.2093 * [100-4.4687 * (6 * 4.91+2.96 * 2.05+3.14 * 3.88+4.12 * 1.03)/11.87-4.4687]=15.9009 (%), oxygen content P that zirconia sensor is recorded again
O2=18.1 (%) substitution is set in the formula and is calculated; X=(18.1-21-0.21 * 11.87) * (4.4687-21-0.21 * 15.9009)=107.1556; y＝[ ( 13.28-4.4687 ) ×18.1+ ( 15.9009-21+0.21×13.28 ) ×11.87+21×4.4687-0.21×4.4687×13.28-15.9009×13.28]×[ ( 13.28-4.4687 ) × ( 21-0.21×3.58 ) + ( 15.9009-21+0.21×13.28 ) ×3.58+21×4.4687-0.21×4.4687×13.28-15.9009×13.28]＝91.9249,z＝[ ( 3.58-4.4687 ) ×18.1+ ( 15.9009-21+0.21×3.58 ) ×11.87+21×4.4687-0.21×4.4687×3.58-15.9009×3.58]×[ ( 3.58-4.4687 ) × ( 21-0.21×13.28 ) + ( 15.9009-21+0.21×3.58 ) ×13.28+21×4.4687-0.21×4.4687×3.58-15.9009×3.58]＝1377.4370。 Judge x＞0 by setting program, y＞0, z＞0, according to the necessary and sufficient condition that is positioned at the Ke Wade triangle---x, y, z are all greater than 0, and promptly this moment, mixed gas was in the explosion triangle as can be known, showed " can be quick-fried " printed words on the display.Be added with in the measuring ability gas explosion limit to be measured, the calculating that whether is positioned at the Ke Wade explosion triangle and judgement, can make testing result can reflect the information of down-hole more comprehensively, thereby make the security decision personnel in case of emergency can in time take correct remedial measures, avoid the generation of accident.
For guaranteeing the accuracy of detection of the equipment of keeping, 4 pairs of two transparent components of tilting miniature electric fan on the equipment carry out real time cleaning, the air-flow of its generation blows to the transparent component outside, and the coal dust of its near surface and dust etc. are taken away, and keeps a public place clean and prevents dewfall with the dedusting that realizes minute surface.
Also to not adding light source power self drift correction item in the equipment operation program, the detection case to the mixed gas be made up of methane and air when adding this correction term contrasts in this example.
Standard calibration gas generating system and test macro that experiment has been set up, as shown in figure 12.With methane is example, and the standard calibration gas generating system mainly is not less than 99.9% methane calibrating gas bottle etc. by BML-9551 type Zero gas generator, BML-9550 type gas-dynamic dilution instrument and concentration and forms the standard methane blended gas of exportable various concentration; Test macro then mainly is made up of airtight test trough, data communication interface, microcomputer and the data communication software etc. of energy input and output calibration gas.This equipment is put into the airtight test trough of test macro, by the RS232 serial ports every data of equipment are carried out synchronous acquisition and it is saved as file layout for analysis by computing machine.
In temperature is 16～18 ℃, the environment of no gas to be measured, the I when not adding luminous power self drift correction item in this equipment
1'
Gas/ I '
RefValue and add (I after this correction term
1'
Gas/ I '
RefThe stability of) ' value is gathered simultaneously and is contrasted, and the test duration is about 8 hours, and test result is respectively shown in Figure 13 and 14.As can be seen from Figure, when not adding luminous power self drift correction item, owing to the influence of various uncertain factors causes the luminous power of the detection light corresponding to methane adsorption peak (3.39 μ m place) that detection light source self sends, reference light (4 μ m place) very unstable, thereby cause their ratio I
1'
Gas/ I '
RefVery unstable.This moment, the variation range of the methane concentration value that equipment is drawn by 15～20 ℃ of pairing methane concentration inverting formulas was-2.01%～11.20%, and error is very big, almost can't use.After adding correction term, (I
1'
Gas/ I '
Ref) ' value is just highly stable, and the methane concentration value variation range that measure this moment is-0.07%～0.10%, meets the accuracy requirement of fire damp fully.
When environment temperature is 18 ℃, use the standard calibration gas generating system, feeding matching criterion concentration is 5% methane gas in test trough, uses this testing equipment.In a certain moment, record I
1'
GasBe 13130, I '
RefBe 9288, I then
1'
Gas/ I '
Ref=1.4136.If during no luminous power self drift correction item, in 15～20 ℃ of pairing methane concentration inverting formulas of this ratio substitution, recording the methane concentration value is 5.34%; And when this correction term is arranged, draw (I according to correction term
1'
Gas/ I '
Ref) '=1.4216, in the above-mentioned inverting formula of its substitution, recording the methane concentration value is 4.91%.Can find out that the testing result when this correction term is arranged than no this item is more accurate.
Second embodiment adopts quaternary infrared eye, all the other structures and above-mentioned basically identical in the receiving trap.
Four thermopile detectors are housed on the receiving trap, are added with the reference light optical filter on it and correspond respectively to the optical filter of methane, ethane and carbon monoxide absorption peak.Remove the simple modification that relevant propane calculates in the Single Chip Microcomputer (SCM) program of equipment at this moment, can realize the measurement of methane, ethane and carbonomonoxide concentration.
The 3rd embodiment is the working condition of equipment when environment temperature is 14 ℃.
Environment temperature is under 14 ℃ the condition, is that 5% methane gas detects with the experimental system described in the foregoing description to matched proportion density.In a certain moment, record I
1'
GasBe 12974, I '
RefBe 9094, I then
1'
Gas/ I '
Ref=1.4267, through getting (I after luminous power self drift correction
1'
Gas/ I '
Ref) '=1.4335, and 10～15 ℃ of pairing methane concentration inverting formulas are P
1=-11.83677 * ln[((I
1'
Gas/ I '
Ref) '-1.038984)/0.60445 recording the methane concentration value thus], is 5.05%.
The 4th embodiment is the working condition of equipment when environment temperature is 9 ℃.
Environment temperature is under 9 ℃ the condition, is that 5% methane gas detects with the experimental system described in the foregoing description to matched proportion density.In a certain moment, record I
1'
GasBe 12823, I '
RefBe 8796, I then
1'
Gas/ I '
Ref=1.4578, through getting (I after luminous power self drift correction
1'
Gas/ I '
Ref) '=1.4627, and 5～10 ℃ of pairing methane concentration inverting formulas are P
1=-11.95685 * ln[((I
1'
Gas/ I '
Ref) '-1.002134)/0.70385 recording the methane concentration value thus], is 5.07%.
The 5th embodiment is made as 10 ℃ for the accuracy of detection of equipment, and the working condition of environment temperature when being 14 ℃.
Be environment temperature setting range (15 ℃～35 ℃) that a temperature section is divided by per 10 ℃ promptly, and each temperature section is to there being each gas concentration inverting formula to be measured.Environment temperature is under 14 ℃ the condition, is that 5% methane gas detects with the experimental system described in the foregoing description to matched proportion density.In a certain moment, record I
1'
GasBe 12974, I '
RefBe 9094, I then
1'
Gas/ I '
Ref=1.4267, through getting (I after luminous power self drift correction
1'
Gas/ I '
Ref) '=1.4335, and 5～15 ℃ of pairing methane concentration inverting formulas are P
1=-11.95685 * ln[((I
1'
Gas/ I '
Ref) '-1.002134)/0.70385 recording the methane concentration value thus], is 5.85%.
By on know, when selected temperature section scope is 5 ℃, its detect error be measured value ± about 2%; And selected temperature section scope is when being 10 ℃, its detect error be measured value ± about 20%.As seen, along with reducing of selected temperature section scope, its accuracy of detection also improves rapidly.The temperature section scope that general selection is 5 ℃ can satisfy the accuracy requirement of down-hole fully and accurately measure.
Claims (17)
1. single-beam multi-wavelength mixed gas concentration in mine shaft detection technique method, comprise and measure the uptake of gas to be checked modulated detection light, in double correction form when containing other influence factor, calculate gas blending constituent content to be checked according to the corresponding relation between this uptake and corresponding mixed gas composition content or this corresponding relation; It is characterized in that: described detection light is produced by the infrared electric light source of low temperature heat radiation; Modulate detecting light with modulation circuit; According to the gas concentration inverting formula of double wave regular way, set up between described uptake and corresponding mixed gas composition content the corresponding relation that changes with the testing environment temperature; And the scope of pressing the selected gas concentration inverting formula institute of accuracy of detection Applicable temperature section.
2. method according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: also to need through the filtered light wavelength before the described detection light measurement be corresponding gas componant characteristic absorption peak wavelength and wavelength value does not have a place in the absorbing wavelength scope substantially, and handles as the optical filtering with reference to optical wavelength light for this gas; Wherein, the optical filtering of individual features absorption peak wavelength is handled, wavelength value is respectively a plurality of optical filterings processing of individual features absorption peak wavelength separately of the contained multiple hazard component to be checked of on-the-spot mixed gas, and selected same reference light, its wavelength is that this multiple hazardous gas to be checked does not have the place's wavelength in the common scope of absorbing wavelength all substantially.
3. method as claimed in claim 1 or 2 is characterized in that: the light intensity in the described gas concentration inverting formula, try to achieve by the arithmetic equal value that detects light per modulation period of rising edge isochronic interval multiple spot light intensity.
4. method as claimed in claim 1 or 2, it is characterized in that: described correction form to corresponding relation between modulated detection absorbing amount and corresponding mixed gas composition content also comprises, to the correction of the ratio of characteristic absorption peak wavelength place's light intensity in the gas concentration inverting formula and reference wave strong point light intensity, promptly with light source power self coefficient of deviation k=6.21713 * 10
-6,, the ratio of characteristic absorption peak wavelength place's light intensity and reference wave strong point light intensity is increased and decreased correction in the same way with the product of the positive and negative drift value of reference light light intensity.
5. as method as described in the claim 3, it is characterized in that: described correction form to corresponding relation between modulated detection absorbing amount and corresponding mixed gas composition content comprises, to the correction of the ratio of characteristic absorption peak wavelength place's light intensity in the gas concentration inverting formula and reference wave strong point light intensity, promptly with light source power self coefficient of deviation k=6.21713 * 10
-6, with the product of the positive and negative drift value of reference light light intensity, the correction that the ratio of characteristic absorption peak wavelength place's light intensity and reference wave strong point light intensity is increased and decreased in the same way.
6. method as claimed in claim 1 or 2, it is characterized in that: described method bag is also drawn together the calculating to mixed gas explosion limit and hazard level, promptly determine the calculating of mixed gas blast upper and lower limit with Li Chate (Le Chatelier) rule, determine the calculating of Ke Wade explosion triangle scope, with under the on-the-spot oxygen concentration condition of environment to be measured, the explosivity of gas to be measured and the judgement of harmful grade.
7. as method as described in the claim 3, it is characterized in that: described method bag is also drawn together the calculating to mixed gas explosion limit and hazard level, promptly determine the calculating of mixed gas blast upper and lower limit with Li Chate (Le Chatelier) rule, determine the calculating of Ke Wade explosion triangle scope, with under the on-the-spot oxygen concentration condition of environment to be measured, the explosivity of gas to be measured and the judgement of harmful grade.
8. as method as described in the claim 4, it is characterized in that: described method bag is also drawn together the calculating to mixed gas explosion limit and hazard level, promptly determine the calculating of mixed gas blast upper and lower limit with Li Chate (Le Chatelier) rule, determine the calculating of Ke Wade explosion triangle scope, with under the on-the-spot oxygen concentration condition of environment to be measured, the explosivity of gas to be measured and the judgement of harmful grade.
9. as method as described in the claim 5, it is characterized in that: described method bag is also drawn together the calculating to mixed gas explosion limit and hazard level, promptly determine the calculating of mixed gas blast upper and lower limit with Li Chate (Le Chatelier) rule, determine the calculating of Ke Wade explosion triangle scope, with under the on-the-spot oxygen concentration condition of environment to be measured, the explosivity of gas to be measured and the judgement of harmful grade.
10. method as claimed in claim 1 or 2 is characterized in that: described method also comprises the Instant Compulsion that is exposed to on-the-spot transparent component surface in detecting light path ventilated to be handled.
11. realizing the device of the described method of claim 1 comprises, body, link with body, the air chamber that holds gas to be detected, be positioned at air chamber top, produce and detect light, and make it pass through air chamber, the detection light source that links with body, light source is modulated, link with it and be fixed in the modulation signal generator of body, be positioned at the air chamber terminal, detect the air chamber optical signal transmissive, the receiving trap that links with body, link with body, gather the sensor that influences testing result factor parameter, receive receiving trap and sensor output data, according to requiring to set up between relevant parameter to concern to receiving the image data computing, select and calculate, and be fixed in the collection and the treatment circuit of body, receiving processing circuit output, the testing result display that links with body; It is characterized in that: described air chamber is for keeping the unimpeded formula of beginning to speak structure (12) with the gas on-site environment; The modulation circuit (AT89C52) of modulation signal generator for the light source power supply circuit being modulated with fixed frequency; Detection light source is the infrared electric light source of low temperature heat radiation (2) that working temperature is lower than down-hole hazardous gas burning-point; And be provided with the sensor (6) that to experience gas scene temperature to be checked; Collection contains with treatment circuit carries out multiple spot collection, average computation to the output signal of receiving trap, judge temperature section under it according to temperature sensor output, comply with the retrieving concentration formula that affiliated temperature section is set up corresponding gas componant to be checked, and the circuit (9) of finding the solution corresponding gas concentration computing according to the retrieving concentration formula.
12. as device as described in the claim 11, it is characterized in that: described modulation circuit is to carry out the corresponding single chip machine controlling circuit (AT89C52) of switch control to the light source power supply circuit, or makes the electrical modulation circuit of light source power supply electric current with certain frequency and amplitude concussion.
13. as device as described in claim 11 or 12, it is characterized in that: described sensor also comprises the zirconia sensor (10) that can experience the on-the-spot oxygen content of gas to be checked, and treatment circuit also contains the circuit (9) that gas componant content risk factor to be checked is calculated.
14. as device as described in claim 11 or 12, it is characterized in that: described receiving trap comprises, receive the detector set (5) of reference light and corresponding each gas characteristic absorption peak transmitted light to be checked respectively, and split its filter part (15,16,17,18,19) preceding, that corresponding filterability is arranged.
15. as device as described in the claim 13, it is characterized in that: described receiving trap comprises, receive the detector set (5) of reference light and corresponding each gas characteristic absorption peak transmitted light to be checked respectively, and split its filter part (15,16,17,18,19) preceding, that corresponding filterability is arranged.
16. institute is characterized in that: the constant reference power supply (ADP200) of magnitude of voltage when the infrared electric light source of described low temperature heat radiation has adopted path as device as described in claim 11 or 12.
17. institute is as device as described in claim 11 or 12, it is characterized in that: the beginning of described air chamber, terminal, be respectively with light source and receiving trap the transparent component that keeps sealed attachment, is positioned at the detection light path,, be provided with electric fan (4) towards transparent component in its outside proximity.
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