CN1840269A

CN1840269A - Turning tool capable of adjusting center height quickly

Info

Publication number: CN1840269A
Application number: CN 200510017463
Authority: CN
Inventors: 施国学
Original assignee: Individual
Current assignee: Individual
Priority date: 2005-03-30
Filing date: 2005-03-30
Publication date: 2006-10-04
Anticipated expiration: 2025-03-30
Also published as: CN100360265C

Abstract

The invention discloses a quick adjustable centre high lathe cutter of common lathe and digital control lathes, which is composed of main knife bar and auxiliary knife bar, wherein the space of major-minor knife bar is smooth slant face matching condition; the main knife bar on vertical displacement measuring of auxiliary knife bar has sliding caliper style legibility; according to vertical displacement measuring of main knife bar on auxiliary knife bar aligns to work piece center; the adjustment measuring of knife tip level locks automatically.

Description

The high lathe tool of a kind of quick tunable center

The present invention relates to a kind of lathe tool, the high lathe tool of particularly a kind of quick tunable center.

The prior art background:

The lathe tool that uses still relies on common Equipment on turning-machine for setting-on cutting tools adjustment at present.Require lathe tool point alignment pieces center, come from the particularity of turning processing.When turning, machine tool chief axis, anchor clamps and the workpiece Trinity, axis of rotation is unified.This has just determined the movement locus of lathe tool point of a knife, in the time of must be in crossing the same plane of the workpiece to be machined centre of gyration, can guarantee that just the program parameters of the depth of cut that radially actual excision surplus and middle carriage dial groove show or numerically controlled lathe is consistent.Otherwise, can influence the performance that lathe should have precision, and can be reflected on the part to be processed.Its harm is to cause car inside and outside circle time-like workpiece radial dimension overproof, and workpiece to be machined is littler, and error is bigger; Be reflected to the cutter aspect, no matter point of a knife is higher or lower than the center, all can cause anterior angle and relief angle to change.(referring to all versions " turnery ")

Except that the harm of above-mentioned general character, high or dress is lower than workpiece centre because of the point of a knife dress, shows the cutting thread time-like, can cause angle of thread incorrect; During car solid-end Noodles, point of a knife easily collapses broken point of a knife or stays the end face plush copper near the center or the center of mistake the time; Taper turning body time-like can cause cone generatrices not straight, hyperbolic error occurs; When cutting off solid workpiece, the point of a knife center that is higher or lower than all can make the feeding resistance increase or sharply reduce, the cut-out ability is just lost because of the forfeiture relief angle in the near center of the former point of a knife, moves on and can collapse cutter or contingency, latter Ze Yi vibrations, easy knife or the knife bar that fractures.

Aspect the high lathe tool of tunable center, still there is not important breakthrough so far at present.Though it is original in style that the patent No. that has retrieved is 90203620.3 the high lathe tool of tunable center, also there is more shortcoming in this cutter.One is adjusted the blind area for there being a space width; It two is that the structural design of band triangle transverse teeth on the inclined-plane reduces operator bar intensity, and makes the operator bar become periodically variable cross-section body; Three, non-rigid body class is the structure of dentation attitude up and down, is not suitable for applying vertical clamping force on last knife bar 1 top.Triangle dentation sphenoid because of interlocking, when compressed by vertical force, to produce the powerful power perpendicular to the tooth inclined-plane on the inclined-plane, both sides of tooth, this power can make knife bar 1 be suspended from the outer cutter head of knife rest and the knife bar afterbody in the knife rest is upturned, and reduces the cutter head support strength; Four, be prone to uneven the reaching of the tooth girth of a garment in the processing and do not wait the tooth pitch place, fulcrum easily takes the lead in forming; Five, when lathe tool enters cutting state, knife bar and following knife bar inclined-plane tooth anastomotic part stress are further worsened, if slightly perk of cutter head when clamped, powerful main cutting force easily makes knife bar 1 except that also adding the normal deflection deformation downwards, the point of a knife height can be reduced again, and should the reduction value also have uncertainty, make the height at point of a knife alignment pieces center have uncertainty; Six, be difficult for wiping most dirt between the deformation of the sum of errors knife bar 1 clamped generation that space width is made and each tooth, all can influence certainty of measurement to point of a knife original precision value, make between lathe tool point and the actual installation height and exist than mistake, must through repeatedly transfer to or trial cut, reluctantly alignment pieces center.

In sum, because the restriction of all objective condition, employed lathe tool on the cutter platform of vast machinery manufacturing industry lathe saddle, it is by the lever structure of knife rest push type broach screw rod clamping part, still be monoblock type square equal cross-section form, the purpose of going to reach reluctantly point of a knife alignment pieces center still in the mode of being forced to continue to use the Equipment on turning-machine for setting-on cutting tools adjustment.This adorns the cutter requirement substantially to cause point of a knife should aim at the workpiece centre of gyration, the anti-technological challenge that becomes turning circle.It is difficult for centring and shows wasting time and energy of adjustment aspect, the threat safe in utilization to lathe tool self, to the influence of product processing quality with the harm in various degree such as performance of precision should be arranged lathe, cause many unnecessary losses all can for vast machinery manufacturing industry, also become the big obstacle that cutting technology develops to the high-precision direction of high-speed and high-efficiency.Development harm to super finish turning technology is stronger.

Purpose of the present invention just is to overcome the deficiency of above-mentioned prior art, by optimal design to lathe tool lever structure form, on smooth bevel, move the principle of meeting rise and fall according to object, the suction positioning function of slide measure design principle and magnet etc., they concentrated lathe tool the whole bodys that applies to, make all kinds of lathe tools obtain the high function of fast precise tunable center.

The objective of the invention is to be achieved through the following technical solutions.

The high lathe tool of this quick tunable center is for can be decomposed into two-part harmony body.The operator bar of belt blade head can slide on the secondary knife bar smooth bevel thereunder, and its characteristic morphology is linear variable cross-section sphenoid, is furnished with the strain line sign with reference to one section band zero line of common calliper design in its side, and the strain line spacing is one millimeter.Be inverted on the smooth bevel of the secondary knife bar that is combined into one with operator bar oblique angle, can process some shallow bore holes, the hole includes magnetic element, and the major-minor knife bar closely is pulled together.On the secondary knife bar side, but cloth indicate with reference to the strain line of vernier scale division value design on the secondary chi of slide measure, indicate correspondingly with strain line on the operator bar on it, make it have readable function as the slide measure.The strain line of major and minor knife bar is all vertical with the baseplane of secondary knife bar.The oblique angle size of major and minor knife bar is the same, and is controlled in the self-locking angular region.When major and minor knife bar was combined into one, plane parallel was formed with the square-section body that is beneficial to clamping up and down.The operator bar can move on secondary knife bar forward or backward, and relative shift has readability.During use, the required adjusted value at lathe tool point alignment pieces center, be considered as the amassing of inverse of this value and lathe tool oblique angle tangent value, and make it to be converted into the length travel amount that can read between major and minor knife bar, promptly reach the purpose at accurate alignment pieces center.

The high lathe tool of the quick tunable center of the present invention, the bar of preferably operating are characterized as pre-large post-small linear variable cross-section sphenoid.The tan value at its oblique angle preferably, can be chosen among 0.1 0.09 0.08 0.070.06 0.05 0.04 0.03 0.02 0.01 0.001, and lathe tool is regulated the speed the fastest when selecting 0.1 value.

Strain line spacing on the operator bar side is 1mm, indicates design with reference to slide measure main scale strain line, and it is about 100mm that zero line has strain line part total length backward.Strain line indicates part and can be machined directly on the operator bar side, also can adopt the disassembling linear scale to be fixed on the side.The groove line is good along operator bar inclined-plane incline direction distribution strain line, and strain line is seen Fig. 1, Fig. 3 perpendicular to secondary knife bar bottom surface.

Secondary knife bar is characterized in that linear variable cross-section sphenoid with operator bar inclined-plane mating part, there is the edge-on gusset that is higher than the inclined-plane its side, but cloth vernier strain line on the gusset, and the groove line is good along secondary knife bar inclined-plane incline direction distribution strain line, and strain line is seen Fig. 1, Fig. 3 perpendicular to secondary knife bar bottom surface.Preferably, replace striated edge-on gusset, so can reduce manufacturing cost with the secondary chi of disassembling vernier.

Vernier part on the secondary knife bar side, when strain line is one, it is minimum that lathe tool is adjusted precision, preferably, can be designed to reference to the vernier scale division value on the secondary chi of common calliper and distance between centers of tracks good, promptly scale division value be chosen as in 0.1 0.05 0.02 grades good, as scale division value is 0.1 o'clock, the strain line spacing can be 0.9mm, contains zero line interior, and strain line bar number is 11; As scale division value is 0.02 o'clock, and vernier strain line spacing is 0.98mm, and it is 51 or the like that strain line bar number then contains zero line.So the purpose of design is because of slide calliper rule have extensive cognition degree, match operation person reading habit, and can guarantee the center height of rapid adjustment lathe tool.

The tan value at secondary knife bar oblique angle preferably, can be chosen among 0.1 0.09 0.08 0.07 0.060.05 0.04 0.03 0.02 0.01 0.001.Selected value is the same with the operator bar.Reason is: when adjusting the point of a knife height, be convenient to the readable value of mental arithmetic length travel amount.

On the secondary knife bar smooth bevel, preferably, but the some shallow bore holes of axial distribution are installed magnetic element for pressing.Hole depth should guarantee that magnetic element, can not be saturating with hole drill a little less than secondary knife bar inclined-plane, is primary and secondary knife bar self shielding to guarantee the magnetic line of force.

Used magnetic cell preferably, is good with ndfeb disk or magnetic grain.When operator bar and secondary knife bar were combined into one, its oblique angle was mutual inverted state, to be formed with the square equal cross-section body that is beneficial to clamping.The plane when being higher than point of a knife on the less or operator bar when major-minor knife bar gradient, as the boring tool class, also can the operator bar have the oblique angle partial design be pre-small post-large linear variable cross-section body and with the form with same oblique angle be that the pre-large post-small secondary knife bar of linear variable cross-section body is complementary.

Description of drawings:

Fig. 1 is the high lathe tool structural representation of a quick tunable center front view;

Fig. 2 a-c is secondary knife bar front view, vertical view, left view;

It is the schematic diagram of this cutter of gusset that Fig. 3 is to use detachable vernier;

Describe the embodiment and the using method of the high cutter in center of can shunting fast that the present invention relates in detail below in conjunction with accompanying drawing:

As Fig. 1, the pre-large post-small wedge-type variable cross-section body operator bar 1 secondary knife bar 2 identical with pre-small post-large oblique angle, the bevel inversion state is closely linked under the suction of magnetic sheet 9.The major-minor knife bar in conjunction with after be formed with the square equal cross-section body that is beneficial to clamping on the knife rest.The operator bar has the side of strain line mark, nestles up the madial wall of the vernier gusset 3 on the secondary knife bar 2 that has guide effect concurrently, and the scale division value of vernier is 0.02, and the strain line spacing is 0.98mm.The strain line spacing of the strain line mark of operator bar 1 is 1mm.The 6th, the blade on the operator bar cutter head 5, the 7th, the point of a knife on the blade.Mark is the tangent value at secondary knife bar oblique angle on the operator bar; The 4th, the magnetic element (this is illustrated as magnetic sheet) of dress in the secondary knife bar inclined-plane.

Strain line mark on Fig. 1 and Fig. 3 on operator bar 1 and secondary knife bar 2 sides is all with reference to common calliper main scale and the design of secondary chi, and operator bar 1 is all vertical with secondary knife bar bottom surface with strain line on the secondary knife bar 2.Because design principle is identical, so the pronunciation of the relative length travel amount of operator bar 1 and secondary knife bar 2 is also identical with similar slide measure.Get the oblique angle as this cutter with sine function, then the strain line on the major-minor knife bar all should be vertical with its inclined-plane.

Sign tg α=0.1 on the operator bar 1, the tangent value of the angle between the inclined-plane of vice knife bar 2 and secondary knife bar baseplane is 0.1.The tangent value of the angle of the tg α that indicates on Fig. 3=0.05 this lathe tool inclined-plane of expression and secondary knife bar bottom surface is 0.05.This value is more little, and length travel amount pairing rising or the decline scope of operator bar 1 on secondary knife bar 2 is just more little, that is to say that the adjustable precision of point of a knife is high more.

Operator bar 1 exists trigonometric function to concern between the value of the vertical relative shift on the secondary knife bar 2 and corresponding rising or decline.If the length travel amount is x, rising that the point of a knife spatial altitude is required or drop-out value are y, and secondary knife bar oblique angle is α, then y/x=tg α.When the high lathe tool operator of quick tunable center shown in Figure 1 bar 1 moved forward on secondary knife bar 2, point of a knife was on a declining curve, otherwise rises.Because of the oblique angle tangent value is 0.1, so the operator bar whenever moves forward 1mm, the point of a knife drop-out value is 1mm * 0.1=0.1mm; Oppositely move the 0.1mm that then raises.Same, the operator bar whenever moves forward 2mm, and the point of a knife drop-out value is 2mm * 0.1=0.2mm; The reverse mobile 2mm 0.2mm that then raises.Its computing formula is: the whenever mobile forward or backward xmm of operator bar, point of a knife descends or rising value is xmm * 0.1=0.1xmm.

By above-mentioned derivation as seen, be example with Fig. 1 lathe tool, when known point of a knife was lower than center 0.1mm, this cutter only need be got 10 times of this value as the operator bars read value of amount of movement backward, promptly operate bar backward movement value be that 1mm can make the desirable alignment pieces center of point of a knife.When known point of a knife is higher than center 0.2mm, only need get 10 times of read values of this value as the operator bar amount of moving forward, the bar value of moving forward of promptly operating can make the desirable alignment pieces center of point of a knife for 2mm.Equally, when known point of a knife is lower than center xmm, should allow the operator bar backward the displacement readings value be 10xmm, both can make point of a knife alignment pieces center.

In like manner, when secondary knife bar oblique angle tangent value is 0.05, if point of a knife is when being lower than center 0.1mm, because of y/x=0.05, x=20y then, then operate bar backward displacement be 0.1mm * 20=2mm, if when point of a knife is higher than center 0.1mm, then goes up knife bar and move forward 2mm and get final product.When secondary knife bar oblique angle tangent value was 0.02, x=y/0.02=50y, tangent value were 0.01 o'clock, x=y/0.01=100y, by that analogy.In a word, the length travel amount of operator bar on secondary knife bar equals the inverse with this lathe tool oblique angle tangent value on duty that point of a knife is higher or lower than workpiece centre.So when tangent value is taken as 10 ^-n(n is a positive integer), calculating is with very convenient.By as seen above-mentioned, the ideal thickness value of adjusting the required pad of point of a knife height in the prior art has turned to the relative length travel amount of major-minor knife bar in the present invention, and displacement can read rapidly, and it adjusts precision is that adjustable lathe tool and common Equipment on turning-machine for setting-on cutting tools etc. are beyond one's reach in the prior art; It is regulated the speed under the situation by any object of reference not, and is similar with the speed of the outside diameter of a part of common kind of calliper, and this also is that adjustable lathe tool and common Equipment on turning-machine for setting-on cutting tools etc. are difficult to or are beyond one's reach at all in the prior art.

Be example with the high lathe tool of quick tunable center shown in Figure 1 still, because of the vernier scale division value is 0.02, so readable value accuracy also is 0.02mm, again because of the oblique angle tangent value is 0.1, its point of a knife spatial altitude adjustable accuracy value is 0.02mm * 0.1=0.002mm.Because of considering that surveying point of a knife with slide calliper rule has original height value error, actual point of a knife adjustable space height error is ± 0.002mm.The readable value error of relative length travel amount of major-minor knife bar is 0.02mm.

Use on the CA6140 lathe with Fig. 1 lathe tool below and be example demonstration using method:

At first the operator bar is pulled back, allow secondary knife bar front end face extension elongation surpass point of a knife, make the alignment of operator bar and secondary knife bar front end zero line.If height 30.2mm between the point of a knife of surveying with slide calliper rule this moment and secondary knife bar bottom surface, the dress cutter platform of establishing known squaring head is 27mm apart from workpiece centre is high, because of 30.2mm-27mm=3.2mm (need tone pitch), shows that it is 3.2mm that point of a knife is higher than central value.Should release the operator bar forward this moment, and the readable value of the length of release is that 3.2mm * 10=32mm gets final product.Pronunciation is with to read slide measure the same.When the operator bar is pushed into this value and stops, automatically locked by magnetic force.After this dress cutter platform that lightly this cutter that has mixed up is put into knife rest can use the inevitable alignment pieces of point of a knife center after with push type broach screw in compression lathe tool.During the heavy load cutting, can calculate according to the main cutting force size the upwards deflection deformation of the deflection deformation of the cutter head part that is overhung at knife rest the place ahead and workpiece with deflection formula earlier, directly being added to point of a knife in advance adjusts on the height, the radial dimension that can guarantee rough turn or half finish turning part also changes very little, thereby reduces percent defective.In addition, if when adjusting the point of a knife height, need know when point of a knife is stretched radical length outside knife rest, then the lathe tool baseplane is placed on the guide rail behind the middle carriage, make point of a knife and secondary knife bar front end face all by the slide plate end face, pick up and read major-minor knife bar relative shift and write down, measure the lathe tool height then, after adjusting the point of a knife centring, can read the length travel amount of adjustment, then again lathe tool is put on the knife rest platform, secondary knife bar front end face and the alignment of dress cutter platform front end face are got final product.Extend radially out knife rest length and equal the required length travel amount of actual adjustment, the reference frame that this amount can adjust this moment.Can get the precision that extends radially out of 0.02mm theoretically, can satisfy rough turn or half finish turning substantially and repeat to adorn the cutter requirement what point of a knife extended radially out length.

The construction design method of the high lathe tool of quick tunable center of the present invention etc. is not limited to a kind of of accompanying drawing example, and it also is applicable to various welded type carbide-tipped lathe tools.As various lathe tools such as turning, endoporus, cut-out, cutting threads, be more suitable for all indexable formulas, clip type lathe tool, comprise various CNC turning tools, and the casket body of all lathe tools or cutter box.

Because this lathe tool length travel amount pronunciation is identical with common calliper, so unpaid pronunciation contrast figure.

The good effect of the quick high lathe tool of tunable center:

The high lathe tool of the quick tunable center of the present invention is compared with existing lathe tool has fairly obvious superiority.

Existing lathe tool in fact all relies on the spatial altitude that the limited Equipment on turning-machine for setting-on cutting tools of thickness kind is adjusted point of a knife, lathe tool alignment pieces center is difficult to, and under known lathe tool, the knife rest dress cutter platform situation high to main-shaft axis or workpiece centre, still needing with the behindhand type of increase and decrease pad, is that object of reference is transferred element for aligning tool center height by tailstock centre.Such presetting cutter method is because of the collimation error, limited, the irregular all multifactor influences of gasket surface of pad kind, after making lathe tool be clamped on the knife rest, there are great changes in the practical center height, repeatedly trial cut, pull down and repeat debugging repeatedly, reluctantly the alignment pieces center.Want strict centring to expend for a long time, and be difficult to produce a desired effect.To at a high speed, efficient, high fine finishining is particularly unfavorable.

And the high lathe tool of quick tunable center of the present invention, owing to concentrated the principle that on the object inclined-plane, can rise, descend when mobile, the suction positioning function of slide measure design principle and magnet, design by optimum organization, lathe tool is obtained by the adjustable function of the spatial altitude of lathe tool itself, between push-and-pull, the value of required rising or decline is converted into the vertical relative shift of major-minor knife bar and directly reads.And the knife bar relative position is automatically locked by magnetic force up and down, need not just can accomplish that by any object of reference the tool setting cusp height knows what's what.Even whether trial cut evaluating center height is aimed at all and can be removed from.Therefore saved the non-cutting time that the operator is used for tool setting greatly.A point of a knife alignment pieces center difficult problem is solved.The solution of this problem with making the reality of difficulty of the point of a knife centring on long-term puzzlement cutting circle become history, is brought up to the arbitrary boundary of operator to the precision at point of a knife alignment pieces center at one stroke.It is high more that the lathe tool that oblique angle among the present invention is more little is adjusted precision.

In a single day the high lathe tool of this quick tunable center is applied to reality, following bad phenomenon and the harm that extensively is present in machinery manufacturing industry is thoroughly eliminated: during cutting thread, cause the tooth form angle incorrect because the point of a knife dress is high or dress is low; Collapse broken point of a knife when leaving plush copper or nearly center during face work; The radially depth of cut and dial reading or inconsistent during all kinds of part of car with the numerical control program parameter; Because of point of a knife dress is high, radial-thrust force explodes during nearly center during cut-out, and causing can't feeding, collapse cutter, anti-ly fly workpiece even cause the accident; Adorn lowly because of point of a knife during cut-out, knife bar causes knife, shakes and fractures; Cause during turn taper that the cone bus does not directly cause hyperbolic error etc.The actual this and more of going back.

The high lathe tool of quick tunable center of the present invention, can adorn the height of cutter platforms according to the various knife rests of existing lathe (comprising engine lathe, numerically controlled lathe, turning center) apart from the lathe axis, develop the various lathe tools of seriation specification great variety of goods, make them all have the high function of quick tunable center.Extensively after the utilization, can make existing lathe tool Equipment on turning-machine for setting-on cutting tools withdraw from the turning technical field fast.

In sum, obvious this invention compared with prior art has very big superiority.Not only can save a large amount of tool setting times, improve the tool setting precision, and to improving crudy, give full play to lathe precision should be arranged, reduce the part percent defective, strengthening that cutter self is safe in utilization all an excellent results.Because the exact value at this cutter alignment pieces center can have the length travel amount decision of directly reading, and is not subjected to the influence of abominable cutting environment, thus to the present age at a high speed, efficient, high fine finishining more can show its fine quality.

Claims

1, a kind of high lathe tool of quick tunable center that is combined into by operator bar (1) and secondary knife bar (2), the bar (1) that it is characterized in that operating is the linear variable cross-section body with a fixed inclination that can slide on secondary knife bar (2) inclined-plane, its side is furnished with the strain line mark that some spacings equate, there is certain angle on secondary knife bar (2) inclined-plane with the bottom surface and contacts with the inclined-plane of operator bar (1) bottom surface, secondary knife bar (2) also is the variable cross-section sphenoid, its oblique angle size and the operator bar oblique angle equal and opposite in direction of oppositely placing with it, be processed with some shallow bore holes on the inclined-plane of secondary knife bar (2) magnetic element is installed, the side of secondary knife bar (2) is furnished with vernier strain line mark.

2, according to claims 1 described operator bar (1), the tangent value that it is characterized in that variable cross-section part oblique angle is 0.1,0.09, is chosen among 0.08,0.07,0.06,0.05,0.04,0.03,0.02,0.01,0.001 good.

3, according to the strain line mark on the described operator bar of claim 1 (1) side, the same with slide measure is characterized in that the strain line spacing is 1mm, and figure denote is centimetre being unit, strain line is vertical with secondary knife bar (2) bottom surface, is good along operator bar inclined-plane incline direction distribution strain line.

4, also can be dismountable linear scale according to the strain line mark on the described operator bar of claim 1 (1) side.

5, according to processing some shallow bore holes on the described secondary knife bar of claim 1 (2) bottom surface magnetic element is installed, is it is characterized in that permanent-magnet material, as ndfeb disk or magnetic grain.

6, according to the oblique angle of the described secondary knife bar of claim 1 (2) variable cross-section body portion, it is characterized in that tangent value, be chosen among 0.08,0.07,0.06,0.05,0.03,0.02,0.01,0.001 good 0.1,0.09.

7, be equally spaced according to the vernier strain line on the described secondary knife bar of claim 1 (2) distance, vernier scale division value distance values can be chosen with reference to the distance values of the secondary chi of slide measure, as 0.98mm.

8, vertical with the baseplane of secondary knife bar (2) according to the vernier strain line on the described secondary knife bar of claim 1 (2), wiring direction is consistent with secondary knife bar inclined-plane incline direction to be good.