CN1836773A - Catalyst for aluminium displacing hydrogen from water - Google Patents
Catalyst for aluminium displacing hydrogen from water Download PDFInfo
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- CN1836773A CN1836773A CNA2006100510372A CN200610051037A CN1836773A CN 1836773 A CN1836773 A CN 1836773A CN A2006100510372 A CNA2006100510372 A CN A2006100510372A CN 200610051037 A CN200610051037 A CN 200610051037A CN 1836773 A CN1836773 A CN 1836773A
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- water
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
- Y02E60/36—Hydrogen production from non-carbon containing sources, e.g. by water electrolysis
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Abstract
The present invention is one kind of catalyst for aluminum to replace hydrogen from water. The catalyst is coated to the surface of aluminum part to destroy protecting alumina layer on the surface of the aluminum part constantly so that aluminum without protecting film reacts with water to replace hydrogen from water continuously. The catalyst is compounded with the main material including PVA, ethanol, acetone, mercury chloride and water. The hydrogen preparing process may be performed in automobile to produce hydrogen fuel capable of replacing gasoline simply and economically.
Description
Technical field: the present invention is a kind of chemical catalyst, specifically a kind of catalyst with aluminium displacing hydrogen from water.
Background technology: the growth rate fast development of world energy consumption since 19th century.At the industrial revolution initial stage, fuel is based on coal, entered for 20th century after, tellurian population growth 4 times, but energy resource consumption has increased by 16 times, particularly since the World War II, the exploitation of oil and natural gas increases significantly with the consumption beginning, substantially with 2 * 10
8The speed sustainable growth in ton/year.Wherein 80% the energy makes the mankind must consider the contingency question of the energy from fossil fuel.Twice oil crisis of experience since the seventies in 20th century make oil price soaring, but the consumption figure of oil loses the trend of a bit minimizing.Along with the increase of energy resource consumption and the crisis of energy supply increase the weight of day by day, energy supply has become the problem of countries in the world special concern.According to existing estimation and supposition, oil and natural gas will be exploited totally in 21 century, coal can continue use 220 years again, although geologist and economists still begin the deficient time at the oil that argues heatedly, in any case but it but is the unarguable fact that fossil fuel is about to exhaust soon.
In recent years, along with increasing rapidly of vehicle guaranteeding organic quantity, what go hand in hand with the energy supply crisis is the deterioration day by day of global environment.Since the industrial revolution, human by combustion of fossil fuels, billions of tons of toxic pollutants are poured in the atmosphere.Sulfur dioxide, carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, flue dust, nitrogen oxide, the radioactivity of discharging are floated the aggravation that a large amount of nuisances such as dirt cause atmosphere pollution, acid rain and greenhouse effects when fossil-fuel-fired.Therefore, how the motor vehicle for sharp increase provides fuel sustainable supply, cleaning, has become a urgent problem.The hydrogen manufacturing cost becomes expensive 3 times of written or printed documents than system gasoline, add that storing up the hydrogen link draws high cost much again, promptly allowing to reach technical indicator also can not use, and the too high also incompatible following hydrogen economic system of hydrogen production process of cost, because hydrogen economy is based on the recyclability of hydrogen, the raw material of therefore producing hydrogen must be water or other renewable materials.
As everyone knows, according to metal activity table, the metal (as potassium, sodium) that comes more before the table is active more, on the contrary come behind the table then.SODIUM METAL, potassium can directly generate hydrogen with the water reaction, but owing to potassium, sodium are too active, run into water and promptly blast, and be not easy to operate, and potassium, sodium simple substance produce and preserve all pretty troublesome, less economical.The iron that relative potassium, sodium come behind the table is very stable, and fe also is easy to produce, but iron is too stable again, and the reaction of fe and water generation hydrogen is very slow, so the hydrogen manufacturing thing that iron neither be desirable.But can infer between potassium, sodium and iron, necessarily have a kind of can the reaction rapidly to generate the easy again reliable metal of handling safety of hydrogen according to metal activity table with water.Here magnesium and aluminium are all proper.Wherein the content of aluminium in the earth's crust is 7.7%, is the maximum metal of content, and production cost is lower than magnesium, thereby aluminium just more is appropriate to hydrogen manufacturing than magnesium.
The metal activity of aluminium is between potassium, sodium and iron, and the simple substance of aluminium is also easily produced, and the reaction of aluminium and water also can generate hydrogen in theory, but because aluminum ratio is more active, pure aluminum is once contacting the alumina protective layer that generates the very thin densification of one deck with air.This has just stoped the reaction of aluminium and water.Therefore the key that allows the reaction of aluminium water generate hydrogen is exactly how effectively to remove this layer alumina protective layer.
In the prior art; though the method for much producing hydrogen from water is arranged; wherein also comprise the method for from water, replacing hydrogen with the active metal; but never the people expects with metallic aluminium with water reaction a large amount of hydrogen of producing from water; because theoretically aluminium can be from water displacing hydrogen; but in fact under the protection of aluminium surface compact oxidation layer aluminium can not be from water displacing hydrogen, even surface film oxide is wiped, but the new protective oxide layer of the very fast again generation of aluminium.
Summary of the invention: the objective of the invention is to effectively destroy the oxide-film of aluminium superficial layer, make aluminium, constantly replace hydrogen in the water outlet there not being continuous and water accelerated reaction under the condition of oxide film protection.The objective of the invention is that one deck catalyst realizes by covering on aluminum component, catalyst be comprise by the raw material proportioning of following weight portion formulated:
Polyvinyl alcohol 20～50; Ethanol 20～60; Acetone 20～40; Mercury chloride 0.5～1.5; Water 20～60.
The optimization formula weight portion ratio range of catalyst of the present invention is:
Polyvinyl alcohol 40～50; Ethanol 40～60; Acetone 20～25; Mercury chloride 0.5～1.0; Water 40～50.
Catalyst optimum formula weight portion ratio range of the present invention is:
Polyvinyl alcohol 48; Ethanol 50; Acetone 20; Mercury chloride 1; Water 50.
Preparation of catalysts method of the present invention is earlier that mercury chloride is water-soluble, adds polyvinyl alcohol again, is heated to 60 ℃ behind the mixing, slowly splashes into ethanol and acetone, and the limit edged stirs, and is made into clear solution.
During use, aluminium is impregnated into the catalyst solution spraying or the brushing of taking out immediately behind the catalyst solution or will be transparent or draws together the thick thin film of surperficial about 0.2～0.5mm that is coated in aluminium, dry, when desiring in the replacing water hydrogen, the aluminium that is coated with catalyst immersed in the water get final product.
The purity of each raw material reaches technical pure and gets final product.Ethanol in the catalyst, acetone and water are that solvent, polyvinyl alcohol are adhesive, and mercury chloride is chemical agent.Also available mercuric nitrate of the present invention or mercuric bromide replace the mercury chloride in the raw material.The also available methyl alcohol of the present invention replaces the ethanol in the raw material.
The specific embodiment: embodiment 1, weigh technical pure polyvinyl alcohol 20g; Ethanol 20g; Acetone 20g; Mercury chloride 0.5g; Water 20g, mercury chloride is water-soluble, add polyvinyl alcohol again, be heated to 60 ℃ behind the mixing, slowly splash into ethanol and acetone, the limit edged stirs, to homogeneous transparent, altogether the 80.5g catalyst solution, can spray 0.16～0.32m
2The aluminium surface.Present embodiment can replace raw material mercury chloride with mercuric nitrate or mercuric bromide; Also available methyl alcohol replaces the ethanol in the raw material.
Embodiment 2, weighing polyvinyl alcohol 50g; Ethanol 60g; Acetone 40g; Mercury chloride 1.5g; Water 60g, compound method is with embodiment 1, altogether the 211.5g catalyst solution, can spray 0A2～0.84m
2The aluminium surface.Present embodiment can replace mercury chloride in the raw material with mercuric nitrate or mercuric bromide; Also available methyl alcohol replaces the ethanol in the raw material.
Embodiment 3, weighing polyvinyl alcohol 48g; Ethanol 50g; Acetone 20g; Mercury chloride 1g; Water 50g, compound method is with embodiment 1, altogether the 169g catalyst solution, can spray 0.34～0.68m
2The aluminium surface.Present embodiment can replace mercury chloride in the raw material with mercuric nitrate or mercuric bromide; Also available methyl alcohol replaces the ethanol in the raw material.
If with the long 10mm of Φ 1mm, the aluminium wire that scribbles catalyst of the present invention is put into water, can make about 1 liter of hydrogen at normal temperatures and pressures 20 seconds.
Achievement of the present invention is mainly used in the automobile gasoline replacing.The low heat value of gasoline is 43960～44200KJ/Kg, and fluid density is that 700～750Kg/m3. is an example with Buick Regal 2.0G car: discharge capacity is 1.998L, and the 90Km/h constant-speed fuel economy is 6.7L/ (100Km).Getting the gasoline low heat value is 44000KJ/Kg, and density is 700Kg/m3., and then can calculate the gasoline that automobile consumed at the 90Km/h constant-speed driving is 46.9Kg, and heat energy is 2063600KJ.The low heat value of hydrogen is about 119900KJ/Kg, and density is about 0.089Kg/m3..Then 2063600KJ heat energy needs 17.21Kg hydrogen, and volume is 193370.79L.Though as seen the hydrogen quality that automobile normal running consumed is less than gasoline, volume is far longer than gasoline.So storage hydrogen the name of the game is the enormousness that how to reduce hydrogen.
The inventor thinks be placed on producing of hydrogen in the automobile and carries out, and uses aluminium to react with water and produces hydrogen.Use while producing, because the density of aluminium is 2.7 * 103.Kg/M3., need 154.89Kg aluminium so produce 17.21Kg hydrogen, and the volume of 154.89Kg aluminium is about 0.057m3., be a length and be about the cube of 385mm, this has just solved the volume problem of hydrogen storage greatly.At the aluminium wire diameter is 1mm, and length uses during for 10mm the reaction of aluminium water to generate 193370.79L hydrogen needs 2.69h, and can adjust aerogenesis speed with the contact area of water by changing aluminium, illustrates that it is very strong that aluminium water reacts the practicality of producing hydrogen.So and the aluminium that uses source is very common needn't use the high aluminium of purity, product only is aluminium hydroxide and hydrogen, aluminium-hydroxide powder can become aluminium simple substance through sending factory's electrolysis to after collecting, product can recycle, and illustrates that it also is very strong that the economy and the feature of environmental protection of hydrogen are produced in the reaction of aluminium water.
Hydrogen production process of the present invention, simple, economy, environmental protection, its raw material, product all meet the requirement of following hydrogen economy very much.
Claims (10)
1. the catalyst with aluminium displacing hydrogen from water is characterized in that comprising that the raw material proportioning by following weight portion is formulated: polyvinyl alcohol 20～50; Ethanol 20～60; Acetone 20～40; Mercury chloride 0.5～1.5; Water 20～60.
2. a kind of catalyst with aluminium displacing hydrogen from water according to claim 1 is characterized in that by the raw material proportioning of following weight portion formulated: polyvinyl alcohol 40～50; Ethanol 40～60; Acetone 20～25; Mercury chloride 0.5～1.0; Water 40～50.
3. a kind of catalyst with aluminium displacing hydrogen from water according to claim 1 and 2 is characterized in that by the raw material proportioning of following weight portion formulated: polyvinyl alcohol 48; Ethanol 50; Acetone 20; Mercury chloride 1; Water 50.
4. according to the described a kind of catalyst of claim 1～3, it is characterized in that and to replace mercury chloride in the raw material with mercuric nitrate or mercuric bromide with aluminium displacing hydrogen from water.
5. according to the described a kind of catalyst of one of claim 1～3, it is characterized in that and to replace ethanol in the raw material with methyl alcohol with aluminium displacing hydrogen from water.
6. according to the described a kind of preparation of catalysts method of one of claim 1～3 with aluminium displacing hydrogen from water, it is characterized in that earlier that mercury chloride is water-solublely, be heated to 60 ℃ after adding the polyvinyl alcohol mixing again, slowly splash into ethanol and acetone, the limit edged stirs, and is made into clear solution.
7. a kind of preparation of catalysts method according to claim 4 with aluminium displacing hydrogen from water, it is characterized in that earlier that mercuric nitrate or mercuric bromide is water-solublely, be heated to 60 ℃ after adding the polyvinyl alcohol mixing again, slowly splash into ethanol and acetone, the limit edged stirs, and is made into clear solution.
8. a kind of preparation of catalysts method according to claim 5 with aluminium displacing hydrogen from water, it is characterized in that earlier that mercuric nitrate or mercuric bromide is water-solublely, be heated to 60 ℃ after adding the polyvinyl alcohol mixing again, slowly splash into methyl alcohol and acetone, the limit edged stirs, and is made into clear solution.
9. according to the described a kind of usage of one of claim 1～3 with aluminium catalyst of displacing hydrogen from water, it is characterized in that aluminium is impregnated into catalyst solution maybe with the spraying of the clear solution for preparing or brush or to draw together the surperficial about 0.2～0.5mm that is coated in aluminium thick, dry, the aluminium that is coated with catalyst is dipped in the water hydrogen in the displacement water outlet.
10. according to the described a kind of usage of one of claim 4～5 with aluminium catalyst of displacing hydrogen from water, it is characterized in that aluminium is impregnated into catalyst solution maybe with the spraying of the clear solution for preparing or brush or to draw together the surperficial about 0.2～0.5mm that is coated in aluminium thick, dry, the aluminium that is coated with catalyst is dipped in the water hydrogen in the displacement water outlet.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CNB2006100510372A CN100563820C (en) | 2006-04-29 | 2006-04-29 | A kind of catalyst with aluminium displacing hydrogen from water |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CNB2006100510372A CN100563820C (en) | 2006-04-29 | 2006-04-29 | A kind of catalyst with aluminium displacing hydrogen from water |
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| CN1836773A true CN1836773A (en) | 2006-09-27 |
| CN100563820C CN100563820C (en) | 2009-12-02 |
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| CNB2006100510372A Expired - Fee Related CN100563820C (en) | 2006-04-29 | 2006-04-29 | A kind of catalyst with aluminium displacing hydrogen from water |
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO2011124189A2 (en) | 2010-04-07 | 2011-10-13 | Mourek Lukas | Method for the production of hydrogen and other products and device for carrying out this method |
| CN104549521A (en) * | 2015-01-14 | 2015-04-29 | 彭军 | Hydrogen production catalyst and preparation method thereof |
-
2006
- 2006-04-29 CN CNB2006100510372A patent/CN100563820C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO2011124189A2 (en) | 2010-04-07 | 2011-10-13 | Mourek Lukas | Method for the production of hydrogen and other products and device for carrying out this method |
| CN104549521A (en) * | 2015-01-14 | 2015-04-29 | 彭军 | Hydrogen production catalyst and preparation method thereof |
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| Publication number | Publication date |
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| CN100563820C (en) | 2009-12-02 |
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