CN1829920A - Method and device for estimating charge/discharge electricity amount of secondary cell - Google Patents
Method and device for estimating charge/discharge electricity amount of secondary cell Download PDFInfo
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- CN1829920A CN1829920A CN 200480021723 CN200480021723A CN1829920A CN 1829920 A CN1829920 A CN 1829920A CN 200480021723 CN200480021723 CN 200480021723 CN 200480021723 A CN200480021723 A CN 200480021723A CN 1829920 A CN1829920 A CN 1829920A
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Abstract
When a particular selection condition is satisfied, a no-load voltage calculation section (105) calculates a no-load voltage Vsep which is a voltage piece when the current in the approximate straight line obtained by statistical processing is zero for a plurality of set data consisting of current data I(n) and voltage data V(n). Moreover, when a particular current condition is satisfied continuously for a certain time, a release voltage calculation section (106) calculates the terminal voltage of the secondary cell as a release voltage Voc. By using a preset voltage change amount adjustment constant DeltaVbc, an adjustment coefficient Kb, an electromotive force change constant Keq, and a polarization voltage generation constant Kpol, an estimated charge/discharge electricity amount calculation section (114) calculates an estimated charge/discharge electricity amount DeltaQe as a function of a no-load voltage in a predetermined period or a release voltage change amount DeltaVb.
Description
Technical field
The technology of the remaining capacity (SOC:State of Charge) of the secondary cell of nickel-hydrogen (Ni-MH) battery that the present invention relates in electric automobile (PEV) or hybrid vehicle (HEV) etc., infer the drive source of the power source that is used as motor and various loads and load etc.
Background technology
In the past, in HEV, detected the voltage, electric current, temperature of secondary cell etc., thereby inferred the remaining capacity (below, abbreviate SOC as) of secondary cell, and carried out SOC control, so that the fuel consumption efficiency of vehicle is best by computing.SOC for the secondary cell that correctly carries out SOC control, need correctly infer carrying out discharging and recharging.
As such SOC presuming method in the past, following method is arranged: at first, the electric current I of measuring cell voltage V and being discharged and recharged in specified time limit, and calculate the integrated value ∫ I of this electric current, or serviceability temperature T, cell voltage V, the function of current integration value ∫ I, the polarizing voltage Vc (t-1) of the battery that will infer last time is updated to Vc (t), thereby obtain correction voltage V ' (=V-Vc (t)), obtain and store the pairing array of a plurality of correction voltage V ' and electric current I, and by this pairing array, obtain once near linear (voltage V '-electric current I near linear) by regretional analysis, the V intercept (intercept) of V '-I near linear is inferred as electromotive force E, and by the SOC that inferred last time, electromotive force E, temperature T, the function of current integration value ∫ I, SOC is inferred (for example, opening the 2001-223033 communique with reference to (Japan) spy).
But, in above-mentioned SOC presuming method in the past, following problem is arranged.
At first, for SOC is inferred, measure the charging and discharging currents that flows through in the secondary cell by current sensor.This current sensor is being used under the situation of HEV etc., needs to measure big electric current, and cost rises when adopting the current with high accuracy sensor, so actual conditions are to have to use the not too high current sensor of low cost and precision.Therefore, comprise measuring error in the current value that is gone out by current sensor senses, this current error becomes the estimation error of SOC.Particularly under the rate of the discharging and recharging situation littler than current error (for example, the rate that discharges and recharges for 1A has ± situation of the current error of 2A etc.), along with the process of time, the working condition of the SOC that infers out is variation significantly.
In addition, as above-mentioned example in the past, at function as the integrated value of the electric current that goes out by such current sensor measurement, the polarizing voltage Vc (t-1) of the battery that will infer out last time is updated to Vc (t), and considered in the method for inferring of SOC of influence of polarizing voltage, comprise current error in the computing of polarizing voltage in the past, this current error becomes the estimation error of polarizing voltage, because error is accumulated, so have process, the problem that the real value of SOC and the error of presumed value increase along with the time.
Summary of the invention
The present invention is the invention of finishing in view of the above problems, its purpose is to provide the method and apparatus that can infer charge/discharge electricity amount and polarizing voltage under the situation of the influence that is not subjected to current measurement errors, thus, even the method and apparatus that also can infer SOC under the situation that comprises measuring error in current value accurately is provided.
To achieve these goals, the estimating charge/discharge electricity amount method of secondary cell of the present invention comprises: measure the electric current that flows through in the secondary cell and corresponding to the data splitting of the terminal voltage of the secondary cell of this electric current, and obtain the step of a plurality of data splittings; (for example satisfying specific alternative condition, the value of electric current (for example is in the scope of regulation in charged side and discharge side, ± 50A), a plurality of data splittings charged side and the discharge side be stated number (for example, 10 of in 60 samples each) more than, charge/discharge electricity amount in obtaining a plurality of data splittings (for example is in the scope of regulation, 0.3Ah) such condition) and situation under, for a plurality of data splittings, the step of the voltage intercept non-load voltage (Vsep) when calculating electric current in the near linear of obtaining by the statistical treatments such as regretional analysis of having used methods such as least square method and being zero; (for example continuing sometime, 10 seconds) (for example satisfy the particular current condition, the absolute value of electric current is lower than 10 amperes of such conditions) or voltage conditions is (for example, the variable quantity of voltage is lower than 1 volt of such condition) situation under, calculate the step of open-circuit voltage (Voc) according to the terminal voltage of secondary cell; The step of the variable quantity (Δ Vb) of non-load voltage during the computational rules in (for example, 1 minute) or open-circuit voltage; And, calculate the step of inferring charge/discharge electricity amount (Δ Qe) with respect to secondary cell based on the variable quantity of non-load voltage or open-circuit voltage.
The estimating charge/discharge electricity amount method of secondary cell of the present invention also comprises: for the variable quantity (Δ Vb) of non-load voltage or open-circuit voltage, preestablish the rerum natura that depends on secondary cell and charging and discharging state and the adjustment constant (Δ Vbc) of the voltage variety that determines and adjust the step of coefficient (Kb); Preestablishing the rerum natura and the charging and discharging state that depend on secondary cell determines, is the step that electromotive force changes constant (Keq) with respect to the variable quantity of the electromotive force of the charge/discharge electricity amount in the use zone of remaining capacity; And preestablish the rerum natura and the charging and discharging state that depend on secondary cell and determine, be the step of polarizing voltage generation constant (Kpol) with respect to the variable quantity of the polarizing voltage of the charge/discharge electricity amount in the use zone of remaining capacity, use
ΔQe＝Kb×(ΔVb+ΔVbc)/(Keq+Kpol)
The formula of expression calculates and to infer charge/discharge electricity amount Δ Qe as the function of the variation delta Vb of non-load voltage or open-circuit voltage.
And the estimating charge/discharge electricity amount method of secondary cell of the present invention also comprises: the step of the measurement charge/discharge electricity amount (Δ Qm) in coming during the computational rules according to the electric current that flows through in the secondary cell; Based on measuring the step that charge/discharge electricity amount calculates the polarizing voltage (Vpol) of secondary cell; Based on measuring the step that charge/discharge electricity amount calculates the electromotive force (Veq) of secondary cell; And the step of the variable quantity (Δ Veq) of variable quantity of the polarizing voltage in during the computational rules (Δ Vpol) and electromotive force, in inferring the calculation procedure of charge/discharge electricity amount, based on polarizing voltage variable quantity, electromotive force variable quantity, and the variable quantity of non-load voltage or open-circuit voltage, calculation charge/discharge electricity amount (Δ Qe).
In this case, the calculation procedure of inferring charge/discharge electricity amount comprises based on polarizing voltage variable quantity, electromotive force variable quantity, and the variable quantity of non-load voltage or open-circuit voltage, calculates the step with respect to the correction coefficient (α) of measuring charge/discharge electricity amount, correction coefficient be multiply by measure charge/discharge electricity amount (Δ Qm) to come calculation charge/discharge electricity amount (Δ Qe).
Here, be that Δ Vpol, electromotive force variable quantity are that the variable quantity of Δ Veq, non-load voltage or open-circuit voltage is that Δ Vb, correction coefficient are under the situation of α at the polarizing voltage variable quantity, correction coefficient alpha is with α=Δ Vb/ (Δ Vpol+ Δ Veq) expression.
In the calculation procedure of polarizing voltage,, calculate polarizing voltage (Vpol) based on according to the polarizing voltage (Vppre) and the measurement charge/discharge electricity amount (Δ Qm) that charge/discharge electricity amount (Δ Qe) is calculated of inferring of before specified time limit, calculating.
In addition, in the calculation procedure of electromotive force,, calculate electromotive force (Veq) based on according to the electromotive force (Vepre) and the measurement charge/discharge electricity amount (Δ Qm) that charge/discharge electricity amount (Δ Qe) is calculated of inferring of before specified time limit, calculating.
In the calculation procedure of polarizing voltage, reference as parameter and pre-prepd polarizing voltage-charge/discharge electricity amount characteristic, is calculated polarizing voltage with temperature.
In the calculation procedure of electromotive force, based on the additive operation value of remaining capacity of calculating before specified time limit and measurement charge/discharge electricity amount, reference as parameter and pre-prepd electromotive force-remaining capacity characteristic, is calculated electromotive force with temperature.
To achieve these goals, the polarizing voltage presuming method of secondary cell of the present invention comprises: the step of using the estimating charge/discharge electricity amount method of secondary cell of the present invention to come calculation charge/discharge electricity amount (Δ Qe); And, calculate the step of the polarizing voltage (Vpe) of secondary cell once more based on inferring charge/discharge electricity amount.
To achieve these goals, the remaining capacity presuming method of secondary cell of the present invention comprises: the step of using the estimating charge/discharge electricity amount method of secondary cell of the present invention to come calculation charge/discharge electricity amount (Δ Qe); And, calculate the step of the remaining capacity (SOC) of secondary cell based on inferring charge/discharge electricity amount.
To achieve these goals, the estimating charge/discharge electricity amount device of secondary cell of the present invention comprises: current measurement portion, the electric current that flows through in the secondary cell is measured as current data (I (n)); Voltage measurement portion measures the terminal voltage of secondary cell as voltage data (V (n)); The non-load voltage operational part, obtain a plurality of from current measurement portion current data and corresponding to the data splitting from the voltage data of voltage measurement portion of this current data, and (for example satisfying specific alternative condition, the value of electric current (for example is in the scope of regulation in charged side and discharge side, ± 50A), a plurality of data splittings charged side and the discharge side be stated number (for example, 10 of in 60 samples each) more than, charge/discharge electricity amount in obtaining a plurality of data splittings (for example is in the scope of regulation, 0.3Ah) such condition) and situation under, for a plurality of data splittings, the voltage intercept non-load voltage (Vsep) when calculating electric current in the near linear of obtaining by the statistical treatments such as regretional analysis of having adopted methods such as least square method and being zero; The open-circuit voltage operational part, (for example continuing sometime, 10 seconds) (for example satisfy the particular current condition, the absolute value of electric current is lower than 10 amperes condition) or voltage conditions is (for example, the variable quantity of voltage is lower than 1 volt condition) situation under, calculate open-circuit voltage (Voc) according to the terminal voltage of secondary cell; Measuring voltage variable quantity operational part, the variable quantity (Δ Vb) of non-load voltage during the computational rules in (for example, 1 minute) or open-circuit voltage; And infer the charge/discharge electricity amount operational part, based on the variable quantity of non-load voltage or open-circuit voltage, calculate and to infer charge/discharge electricity amount (Δ Qe) with respect to secondary cell.
The estimating charge/discharge electricity amount device of secondary cell of the present invention also comprises: voltage variety is adjusted constant/adjustment coefficient settings portion, for the variable quantity (Δ Vb) of non-load voltage or open-circuit voltage, preestablish the rerum natura that depends on secondary cell and charging and discharging state and the adjustment constant (Δ Vbc) of the voltage variety that determines and adjust coefficient (Kb); Electromotive force changes the constant configuration part, preestablish the rerum natura that depends on secondary cell and charging and discharging state, be that electromotive force changes constant (Keq) with respect to the variable quantity of the electromotive force of the charge/discharge electricity amount in the use zone of remaining capacity; And polarizing voltage generation constant configuration part, preestablish the rerum natura and the charging and discharging state that depend on secondary cell and determine, be polarizing voltage generation constant (Kpol) with respect to the variable quantity of the polarizing voltage of the charge/discharge electricity amount in the use zone of remaining capacity; Inferring the charge/discharge electricity amount operational part uses
ΔQe＝Kb×(ΔVb+ΔVbc)/(Keq+Kpol)
Represented formula calculates and to infer charge/discharge electricity amount Δ Qe as the function of the variation delta Vb of non-load voltage or open-circuit voltage.
In addition, the estimating charge/discharge electricity amount device of secondary cell of the present invention also comprises: measure the charge/discharge electricity amount operational part, according to the measurement charge/discharge electricity amount (Δ Qm) in the electric current calculating of flowing through in secondary cell specified time limit (for example, 1 minute); The polarizing voltage operational part is based on measuring the polarizing voltage (Vpol) that charge/discharge electricity amount calculates secondary cell; The electromotive force operational part is based on measuring the electromotive force (Veq) that charge/discharge electricity amount calculates secondary cell; Polarizing voltage variable quantity operational part, the variable quantity (Δ Vpol) of the polarizing voltage during the computational rules in (for example, 1 minute); And electromotive force variable quantity operational part, the variable quantity (Δ Veq) of the electromotive force during the computational rules in (for example, 1 minute); Infer the charge/discharge electricity amount operational part based on polarizing voltage variable quantity, electromotive force variable quantity, and the variable quantity of non-load voltage or open-circuit voltage, calculation charge/discharge electricity amount (Δ Qe).
In this case, infer the charge/discharge electricity amount operational part comprise based on polarizing voltage variable quantity, electromotive force variable quantity, and the variable quantity of non-load voltage or open-circuit voltage calculate correction coefficient operational part with respect to the correction coefficient (α) of measuring charge/discharge electricity amount, and correction coefficient be multiply by measure charge/discharge electricity amount (Δ Qm) and come calculation charge/discharge electricity amount (Δ Qe).
Here, be that Δ Vpol, electromotive force variable quantity are that the variable quantity of Δ Veq, non-load voltage or open-circuit voltage is that Δ Vb, correction coefficient are under the situation of α at the polarizing voltage variable quantity, correction coefficient alpha is with α=Δ Vb/ (Δ Vpol+ Δ Veq) expression.
The polarizing voltage operational part is inferred the polarizing voltage (Vppre) that charge/discharge electricity amount (Δ Qe) calculated and is measured charge/discharge electricity amount (Δ Qm) based on what calculate before during according to the rules, calculates polarizing voltage (Vpol).
In addition, the electromotive force operational part is inferred the electromotive force (Vepre) that charge/discharge electricity amount (Δ Qe) calculated and is measured charge/discharge electricity amount (Δ Qm) based on what calculate before during according to the rules, calculates electromotive force (Veq).
The estimating charge/discharge electricity amount device of secondary cell of the present invention also comprises the temperature survey portion that the temperature of secondary cell is measured as temperature data, the polarizing voltage operational part is with reference to calculating polarizing voltage from the temperature data (T (n)) of temperature survey portion as parameter and pre-prepd polarizing voltage-charge/discharge electricity amount characteristic.
In addition, the remaining capacity that the electromotive force operational part is calculated before based on specified time limit and measure the additive operation value of charge/discharge electricity amount, with reference to calculating electromotive force from the temperature data (T (n)) of temperature survey portion as parameter and pre-prepd electromotive force-remaining capacity characteristic.
To achieve these goals, the polarizing voltage estimating device of secondary cell of the present invention comprises polarizing voltage calculating part again, described polarizing voltage calculating part is again inferred charge/discharge electricity amount (Δ Qe) based on what calculated by the estimating charge/discharge electricity amount device of secondary cell of the present invention, calculates the polarizing voltage (Vpe) of secondary cell once more.
To achieve these goals, the remaining capacity estimating device of secondary cell of the present invention comprises the remaining capacity operational part, described remaining capacity operational part is inferred charge/discharge electricity amount (Δ Qe) based on what the estimating charge/discharge electricity amount device of secondary cell of the present invention was calculated, calculates the remaining capacity (SOC) of secondary cell.
According to the present invention, the measuring voltage few (non-load voltage or open-circuit voltage) or comprise the measurement charge/discharge electricity amount of current measurement errors according to the influence of current measurement errors, can calculate the charge/discharge electricity amount of inferring that does not comprise current measurement errors, by adopting this to infer charge/discharge electricity amount, can calculate the polarizing voltage and the SOC that do not rely on current measurement errors.Therefore, can improve SOC and infer precision, and can carry out protection control and long lifetime based on the battery of SOC management.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the block diagram of a structure example of the battery pack system of expression the 1st embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is the remaining capacity presuming method of estimating charge/discharge electricity amount method of the expression secondary cell that comprises the 1st embodiment of the present invention and the process flow diagram of the treatment step in the polarizing voltage presuming method.
To be expression infer charge/discharge electricity amount Δ Qe, infer charge/discharge electricity amount Δ Qc, and the curve map that changes of time of the charge/discharge electricity amount Δ Qt of the reality calculated according to the integrated value of the electric current that adopts the current with high accuracy sensor measurement to go out by what the method for constant such as Δ Vbc, Kb in the process flow diagram that does not use Fig. 2, Keq, Kpol and coefficient was calculated based on what the process flow diagram of Fig. 2 was calculated Fig. 3.
Fig. 4 is the block diagram of a structure example of the battery pack system of expression the 2nd embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 5 is the remaining capacity presuming method of estimating charge/discharge electricity amount method of the expression secondary cell that comprises the 2nd embodiment of the present invention and the process flow diagram of the treatment step in the polarizing voltage presuming method.
To be expression infer charge/discharge electricity amount Δ Qe, infer charge/discharge electricity amount Δ Qc, and the curve map that changes of time of the charge/discharge electricity amount Δ Qt of the reality calculated according to the integrated value of the electric current that adopts the current with high accuracy sensor measurement to go out by what the method for the correction coefficient alpha in the process flow diagram that does not use Fig. 5 was calculated based on what the process flow diagram of Fig. 5 was calculated Fig. 6.
Embodiment
Below, about preferred implementation of the present invention, describe with reference to accompanying drawing.
(the 1st embodiment)
Fig. 1 is the block scheme of a structure example of the battery pack system of expression the 1st embodiment of the present invention.In Fig. 1, battery pack system 1A comprises: electric battery 100 and as the part of microcomputer system and comprise the battery ECU101A of remaining capacity estimating device of the present invention.
Electric battery 100 is being loaded under the situation of HEV etc., and usually in order to obtain the output to the regulation of motor, for example the further a plurality of electricity of battery block that a plurality of monocells or the unit cells electricity of nickel-hydrogen cell is connected in series are connected in series and constitute.
In battery ECU101A, the 102nd, the voltage measurement portion that the terminal voltage in each battery block in the detected electric battery of voltage sensor (not shown) 100 was measured as voltage data V (n) in the sampling period of regulation, the 103rd, the current measurement portion that the charging and discharging currents of the detected electric battery 100 of current sensor (not shown) was measured as current data I (n) (this symbolic representation charging direction or course of discharge) in the sampling period of regulation, the 104th, the temperature survey portion that the temperature in each battery block in the detected electric battery 100 of temperature sensor (not shown) is measured as temperature data T (n).
From the voltage data V (n) of voltage measurement portion 102 with from the current data I (n) of current measurement portion 103, be imported into non-load voltage operational part 105 as data splitting.At first, as specific alternative condition, the value of the current data I (n) of non-load voltage operational part 105 in charging direction (-) and course of discharge (+) (for example is in the scope of regulation, ± 50A), the number of the current data I (n) in charging direction and the course of discharge is that stated number is above (for example, 10 of in 60 samples each) or the charge/discharge electricity amount of data splitting in obtaining within the limits prescribed (for example, 0.3Ah) situation under, judge that the data splitting of voltage data V (n) and current data I (n) is effective.
Then, non-load voltage operational part 105 is from effective data splitting, by adopting the statistical treatments such as regretional analysis of methods such as least square method, obtain voltage-to-current straight line (near linear) once, and magnitude of voltage (voltage intercept) the non-load voltage Vseq when calculating electric current and being zero.
Voltage data V (n) and current data I (n) also are imported into open-circuit voltage operational part 106.Open-circuit voltage operational part 106 (is for example continuing sometime, 10 seconds) (for example satisfied the particular current condition, the absolute value of current data I (n) is lower than 10A) or voltage conditions is (for example, the variable quantity of voltage data V (n) is lower than 1V) situation under, add the value that the mean value Iave of current data I (n) multiply by component resistance value Rcom gained on the mean value Vave of voltage data V (n) in each battery block, thereby proofreaied and correct the voltage sloping portion that parts resistance causes, and calculated open-circuit voltage Voc (Voc=Vave+Rcom * Iave).
Be imported into measuring voltage selection portion 107 from the non-load voltage Vsep of non-load voltage operational part 105 with from the open-circuit voltage Voc of open-circuit voltage operational part 106, herein, under the situation that has satisfied above-mentioned alternative condition, select non-load voltage Vsep, do not satisfying alternative condition, but under the situation that above-mentioned current condition or voltage conditions continue to be satisfied sometime, select open-circuit voltage Voc, Vb is output as measuring voltage.Have again, under all ungratified situation of which condition, obtain the data splitting of voltage data V (n) and current data I (n) once more.
Measuring voltage Vb from measuring voltage selection portion 107 is imported into measuring voltage variable quantity operational part 108, herein variable quantity (measuring voltage variable quantity) the Δ Vb of the measuring voltage Vb in (for example, 1 minute) during the computational rules.
Voltage variety is adjusted the variation delta Vb that constant (Δ Vbc) is adjusted coefficient (Kb) configuration part 117 relative measurement voltage Vb, depend on the voltage attenuation characteristic that determines by the polarization characteristic of the rerum natura of secondary cell decision and by (uses) state that discharges and recharges of secondary cell etc., according to be stored in advance in the reference table (LUT) 1171 with temperature as the adjustment constant Δ Vbc of the voltage variety of parameter with adjust coefficient Kb, preestablish the adjustment constant Δ Vbc of voltage variety and adjust coefficient Kb.For example, when temperature was 25 ℃, 0.01 volt (V) was stored among the LUT1171 as the adjustment constant Δ Vbc of voltage variety.Adjusting coefficient Kb is to cooperate actual system and the suitable coefficient of setting.
Electromotive force changes the state that constant (Keq) configuration part 118 depends on the rerum natura of secondary cell and discharges and recharges (use), according to be stored in advance in the reference table (LUT) 1181, electromotive force changes constant K eq with respect to (for example using the zone with temperature as the SOC of parameter, SOC is 20% to 80% scope) in the characteristic slope of charging (or discharge) electric weight, based on the temperature data T (n) that temperature survey portion 104 measures, preestablish electromotive force and change constant K eq.For example, when temperature was 25 ℃, 0.1 volt/ampere hour (V/Ah) changed constant K eq as electromotive force and is stored among the LUT1181.
Polarizing voltage generation constant (Kpol) configuration part 119 depends on the rerum natura of secondary cell or discharges and recharges (use) state,, polarizing voltage generation constant K pol in the reference table (LUT) 1191, that with the temperature be parameter according to being stored in advance is with respect to the family curve of charging (or discharge) electric weight, temperature data T (n) based on temperature survey portion 104 measures preestablishes polarizing voltage generation constant K pol.For example, temperature is that 25 ℃, SOC are 60% o'clock, and 0.1 volt/ampere hour (V/Ah) is stored among the LUT1191 as polarizing voltage generation constant K pol.
Adjust that constant adjusts that the voltage variety of coefficient settings portion 117 is adjusted constant Δ Vbc, adjusted coefficient Kb, the electromotive force that changes constant configuration part 118 from electromotive force changes constant K eq and be imported into from the measuring voltage variation delta Vb of measuring voltage variable quantity operational part 108, from voltage variety and infer charge/discharge electricity amount operational part 114A from the polarizing voltage generation constant K pol of polarizing voltage generation constant configuration part 119.Inferring charge/discharge electricity amount operational part 114A uses
ΔQe＝Kb×(ΔVb+ΔVbc)/(Keq+Kpol)
The formula of expression calculates and to infer charge/discharge electricity amount Δ Qe as the function of the Δ Vb of the variable quantity of measuring voltage Vb.
Infer charge/discharge electricity amount Δ Qe and be imported into remaining capacity operational part 115, there, according to inferring charge/discharge electricity amount Δ Qe, the remaining capacity SOC in each battery block in the counting cell group 100.And, infer charge/discharge electricity amount Δ Qe and be imported into polarizing voltage calculating part 116 again.Polarizing voltage again calculating part 116, polarizing voltage Vpe in the reference table (LUT) 1161, that with the temperature be parameter according to being stored in advance with respect to family curve of inferring charge/discharge electricity amount Qe or formula, based on the temperature data T (n) that temperature survey portion 104 measures, Vpe calculates again to polarizing voltage.
Below, the treatment step about the remaining capacity in the battery pack system of above such present embodiment that constitutes is inferred and polarizing voltage is inferred describes with reference to Fig. 2.
Fig. 2 is the remaining capacity presuming method of estimating charge/discharge electricity amount method of the expression secondary cell that comprises the present invention's the 1st embodiment and the process flow diagram of the treatment step in the polarizing voltage presuming method.In Fig. 2, at first, voltage data V (n) and current data I (n) are measured (S201) as data splitting.Then, in order to investigate whether the voltage data V (n) that measures among the step S201 and the data splitting of current data I (n) are effective data splitting, judge whether these data splittings have satisfied above-mentioned specific alternative condition (S202).In the judgement of step S202, under the situation that has satisfied specific alternative condition ("Yes"), proceed to step S203, obtain a plurality of (for example, on charging in 60 samples and the course of discharge each 10) effective data splitting, and according in the effective data splitting, by adopting the statistical treatments such as regretional analysis of methods such as least square method, obtain near linear (V-I straight line) once, the V intercept of this near linear is calculated as non-load voltage Vsep, the non-load voltage Vsep that calculates is stored (Vb ← Vsep) as measuring voltage Vb.
On the other hand, in the judgement of step S202, under the situation that does not satisfy specific alternative condition ("No"), proceed to step S204, judge whether current data I (n) continues to satisfy sometime above-mentioned particular current conditioned disjunction voltage conditions.In the judgement of step S204, if (for example satisfy the particular current condition, the absolute value of current data I (n) continues to be lower than in 10 seconds 1OA) situation ("Yes") or (for example satisfy voltage conditions, the variable quantity of voltage data V (n) continues to be lower than in 10 seconds 1V) situation under ("Yes"), proceed to step S205, it is average to get the voltage data V (n) of this moment in each battery block, thereby calculates open-circuit voltage Voc, and the open-circuit voltage Voc that calculates is stored (Vb ← Voc) as measuring voltage Vb.
On the other hand, in the judgement of step S204, under the situation that does not satisfy particular current conditioned disjunction voltage conditions ("No"), turn back to step S201, the data splitting of voltage data V (n) and current data I (n) is measured once more.
Then, calculate variable quantity (measuring voltage variable quantity) Δ Vb (S206) in specified time limit (for example, 1 minute) of the measuring voltage Vb in step S203 or S205, obtain.
Then, preestablishing voltage variety adjusts constant Δ Vbc adjustment coefficient Kb, electromotive force variation constant K eq, reaches polarizing voltage generation constant K pol (S207, S208, S209), use the formula of Δ Qe=Kb * (Δ Vb+ Δ Vbc)/(Keq+Kpol) expression, calculate and infer charge/discharge electricity amount Δ Qe (S210) as the function of the variation delta Vb of measuring voltage Vb.
Infer charge/discharge electricity amount Δ Qe according to what calculate like this, polarizing voltage Vpe is calculated (S211) again, and calculate remaining capacity SOC (S212).
As described above, infer remaining capacity SOC and polarizing voltage Vpe in each battery block in the electric battery 100.
Have again, in the present embodiment,, adopted the linear function formula of the variation delta Vb of non-load voltage or open-circuit voltage, but also can adopt N (N is a natural number) inferior functional expression or exponential function formula for calculation charge/discharge electricity amount Δ Qe.
The curve map that the time of Fig. 3 charge/discharge electricity amount Δ Qt that infers charge/discharge electricity amount Δ Qc and calculate based on the integrated value of the measured electric current of the current sensor that uses high precision (not having current error) (in this manual, being called actual charge/discharge electricity amount) that infers charge/discharge electricity amount Δ Qe, calculates by the method for constant such as Δ Vbc, Kb in the process flow diagram that does not use Fig. 2, Keq, Kpol and coefficient that to be expression calculate based on the process flow diagram of the Fig. 2 in the present embodiment changes.
As shown in Figure 3, according to present embodiment, can make and infer the charge/discharge electricity amount Δ Qt that charge/discharge electricity amount Δ Qe approaches reality.
(the 2nd embodiment)
Fig. 4 is the block diagram of a structure example of the battery pack system of expression the present invention the 2nd embodiment.Have again, in Fig. 4, about the part of the same 26S Proteasome Structure and Function of the Fig. 1 with reference in the explanation with the 1st embodiment, additional phase with label and omit explanation.
The 103 measured current data I (n) of current measurement portion are imported into and measure charge/discharge electricity amount operational part 109.Measurement charge/discharge electricity amount operational part 109 is according to the measurement charge/discharge electricity amount Δ Qm in (for example, 1 minute) during current data I (n) computational rules of charging direction and course of discharge.
Then, be imported into polarizing voltage operational part 110 from the measurement charge/discharge electricity amount Δ Qm that measures charge/discharge electricity amount operational part 109.Polarizing voltage operational part 110 is in the reference table (LUT) 1101, that with the temperature be parameter according to being stored in advance, polarizing voltage Vpol is with respect to family curve or the formula of measuring charge/discharge electricity amount Δ Qm, temperature data T (n) based on temperature survey portion 104 measures calculates polarizing voltage Vpol.
Then, be imported into polarizing voltage variable quantity operational part 111, there, calculate variable quantity (polarizing voltage variable quantity) the Δ Vpol of the polarizing voltage Vpol in specified time limit (for example, 1 minute) from the polarizing voltage Vpol of polarizing voltage operational part 110.From the polarizing voltage Vpol that is calculated based on measurement charge/discharge electricity amount Δ Qm, deduct as described later based on specified time limit (for example, 1 minute) preceding calculate infer the polarizing voltage Vppre that charge/discharge electricity amount Δ Qe is calculated, calculate polarizing voltage variation delta Vpol.
In addition, also be imported into electromotive force operational part 112 from the measurement charge/discharge electricity amount Δ Qm that measures charge/discharge electricity amount operational part 109.Electromotive force operational part 112 is in the reference table (LUT) 1121, that with the temperature be parameter according to being stored in advance, electromotive force Veq is with respect to family curve or the formula of remaining capacity SOC, temperature data T (n) based on temperature survey portion 104 measures calculates electromotive force Veq.
Then, be imported into electromotive force variable quantity operational part 113 from the electromotive force Veq of electromotive force operational part 112, there, variable quantity (electromotive force variable quantity) the Δ Veq of the electromotive force Veq during the computational rules in (for example, 1 minute).From based on measuring the electromotive force Vpol that charge/discharge electricity amount Δ Qm calculates, deduct as described later based on specified time limit (for example, 1 minute) preceding calculate infer the electromotive force Vepre that charge/discharge electricity amount Δ Qe is calculated, calculate electromotive force variation delta Veq.
Be imported into from the measuring voltage variation delta Vb of the described measuring voltage variable quantity of the 1st embodiment operational part 108, from the polarizing voltage variation delta Vpol of polarizing voltage variable quantity operational part 111 with from the electromotive force variation delta Veq of electromotive force variable quantity operational part 113 and infer charge/discharge electricity amount operational part 114B.In inferring charge/discharge electricity amount operational part 114B, at first, use correction coefficient operational part 1141, according to measuring voltage variation delta Vb, polarizing voltage variation delta Vpol and electromotive force variation delta Veq come the calculation correction factor alpha as α=Δ Vb/ (Δ Vpol+ Δ Veq).This correction coefficient alpha be multiply by measure charge/discharge electricity amount Δ Qm, calculation charge/discharge electricity amount Δ Qe.
The charge/discharge electricity amount Δ Qe that infers that calculates like this is supplied to polarizing voltage operational part 110 and electromotive force operational part 112, respectively (for example, 1 minute) preceding polarizing voltage Vppre and electromotive force Vepre during the computational rules.
Later 26S Proteasome Structure and Function is identical with the 1st embodiment.
Below, the treatment step about the remaining capacity in the battery pack system of above such present embodiment that constitutes is inferred and polarizing voltage is inferred describes with reference to Fig. 5.
Fig. 5 is the remaining capacity presuming method of estimating charge/discharge electricity amount method of the expression secondary cell that comprises the present invention's the 2nd embodiment and the process flow diagram of the treatment step in the polarizing voltage presuming method.Have again, in Fig. 5, about with the explanation of the 1st embodiment in the identical treatment step of Fig. 2 of reference, additional phase with label and omit explanation.
In step S401, according to the measurement charge/discharge electricity amount Δ Qm in (for example, 1 minute) during current data I (n) computational rules of charging direction and course of discharge.Then, according to the measurement charge/discharge electricity amount Δ Qm that calculates and in step S406 based on specified time limit (for example, 1 minute) preceding calculate infer polarizing voltage Vppre and the electromotive force Vepre that charge/discharge electricity amount Δ Qe is calculated, calculate polarizing voltage Vpol and electromotive force Veq (S402) respectively.Then, according to polarizing voltage Vpol that calculates like this and electromotive force Veq, calculate polarizing voltage variation delta Vpol and electromotive force variation delta Veq (S403).
Then, use the polarizing voltage variation delta Vpol and the electromotive force variable quantity Veq that calculate among measuring voltage variation delta Vb, the step S403 that calculates among the step S206, correction coefficient alpha is calculated (S404) as α=Δ Vb/ (Δ Vpol+ Δ Veq).The correction coefficient alpha of calculating like this be multiply by the measurement charge/discharge electricity amount Δ Qm that calculates among the step S401, thus calculation charge/discharge electricity amount Δ Qe (S405).Infer charge/discharge electricity amount Δ Qe according to what calculate, polarizing voltage Vpe is calculated (S211) again, and calculate remaining capacity SOC (S212).
As described above, infer remaining capacity SOC and polarizing voltage Vpe in each battery block in the electric battery 100.
The curve map that the time of the charge/discharge electricity amount Δ Qt (in this manual, being called actual charge/discharge electricity amount) that the integrated value of Fig. 6 electric current of inferring charge/discharge electricity amount Δ Qc and going out according to the current sensor measurement that uses high precision (not having current error) of inferring charge/discharge electricity amount Δ Qe, calculating by the method for the correction coefficient alpha in the process flow diagram that does not use Fig. 5 that to be expression calculate based on the process flow diagram of the Fig. 5 in the present embodiment is calculated changes.
As shown in Figure 6, according to present embodiment, can make and infer the charge/discharge electricity amount Δ Qt that charge/discharge electricity amount Δ Qe approaches reality.
Industrial applicibility
As described above, the estimating charge/discharge electricity amount method and apparatus of secondary cell of the present invention Impact measuring voltage (non-load voltage or open circuit electricity seldom according to current measurement errors Press) or according to the measurement charge/discharge electricity amount that comprises current measurement errors, calculating does not comprise electricity The flow measurement error infer charge/discharge electricity amount, in addition, the polarization electricity of secondary cell of the present invention Press remaining capacity presuming method and the device of presuming method and device, secondary cell, by making With the charge/discharge electricity amount of inferring that does not comprise current measurement errors, infer and do not rely on current measurement Therefore the polarizing voltage of error, remaining capacity, infer the precision height what need remaining capacity Electric automobile (PEV), hybrid vehicle (HEV), have fuel cell and secondary electric Useful in the purposes of the electric vehicle of the hybrid vehicle in pond etc. etc.
Claims (22)
1. the estimating charge/discharge electricity amount method of a secondary cell comprises:
Measure the electric current that flows through in the secondary cell and corresponding to the data splitting of the terminal voltage of the described secondary cell of described electric current, and obtain the step of a plurality of described data splittings;
Under the situation that has satisfied specific alternative condition, for described a plurality of data splittings, the step of the voltage intercept non-load voltage when calculating electric current in the near linear of obtaining by statistical treatment and being zero;
Continuing to satisfy sometime under the situation of particular current conditioned disjunction voltage conditions, calculating the step of open-circuit voltage according to the terminal voltage of described secondary cell;
The step of described non-load voltage in during the computational rules or the variable quantity of described open-circuit voltage (Δ Vb); And
Based on the variable quantity of described non-load voltage or described open-circuit voltage, calculate the step of inferring charge/discharge electricity amount (Δ Qe) with respect to described secondary cell.
2. the estimating charge/discharge electricity amount method of secondary cell as claimed in claim 1, wherein, described method also comprises:
For the variable quantity (Δ Vb) of described non-load voltage or described open-circuit voltage, preestablish the rerum natura that depends on described secondary cell and charging and discharging state and the adjustment constant (Δ Vbc) of the voltage variety that determines and adjust the step of coefficient (Kb);
Preestablishing the rerum natura and the charging and discharging state that depend on described secondary cell determines, is the step that electromotive force changes constant (Keq) with respect to the variable quantity of the electromotive force of the charge/discharge electricity amount in the use zone of remaining capacity; And
Preestablish the rerum natura and the charging and discharging state that depend on described secondary cell and determine, be the step of polarizing voltage generation constant (Kpol), use with respect to the variable quantity of the polarizing voltage of the charge/discharge electricity amount in the use zone of remaining capacity
ΔQe＝Kb×(ΔVb+ΔVbc)/(Keq+Kpol)
The formula of expression, calculating is as the described charge/discharge electricity amount Δ Qe that infers of the function of the variation delta Vb of described non-load voltage or described open-circuit voltage.
3. the estimating charge/discharge electricity amount method of secondary cell as claimed in claim 1, wherein, described method also comprises:
Calculate the step of the measurement charge/discharge electricity amount in described specified time limit according to the electric current that flows through in the described secondary cell;
Calculate the step of the polarizing voltage of described secondary cell based on described measurement charge/discharge electricity amount;
Calculate the step of the electromotive force of described secondary cell based on described measurement charge/discharge electricity amount; And
Calculate the step of the variable quantity of the variable quantity of the described polarizing voltage in described specified time limit and described electromotive force,
In described calculation procedure of inferring charge/discharge electricity amount, based on described polarizing voltage variable quantity, described electromotive force variable quantity, and the variable quantity of described non-load voltage or described open-circuit voltage, calculation charge/discharge electricity amount.
4. the estimating charge/discharge electricity amount method of secondary cell as claimed in claim 3, wherein, described calculation procedure of inferring charge/discharge electricity amount comprises based on described polarizing voltage variable quantity, described electromotive force variable quantity, and the variable quantity of described non-load voltage or open-circuit voltage, calculating makes described correction coefficient multiply by described measurement charge/discharge electricity amount and calculates the described charge/discharge electricity amount of inferring with respect to the step of the correction coefficient of described measurement charge/discharge electricity amount.
5. the estimating charge/discharge electricity amount method of secondary cell as claimed in claim 4, wherein, at described polarizing voltage variable quantity is that Δ Vpol, described electromotive force variable quantity are that the variable quantity of Δ Veq, described non-load voltage or described open-circuit voltage is that Δ Vb, described correction coefficient are under the situation of α, and described correction coefficient alpha is with α=Δ Vb/ (Δ Vpol+ Δ Veq) expression.
6. the estimating charge/discharge electricity amount method of secondary cell as claimed in claim 3, wherein, in the calculation procedure of described polarizing voltage, based on describedly inferring polarizing voltage and the described measurement charge/discharge electricity amount that charge/discharge electricity amount is calculated, calculate described polarizing voltage according to what before described specified time limit, calculate.
7. the estimating charge/discharge electricity amount method of secondary cell as claimed in claim 3, wherein, in the calculation procedure of described electromotive force,, calculate described electromotive force based on describedly inferring electromotive force and the described measurement charge/discharge electricity amount that charge/discharge electricity amount is calculated according to what before described specified time limit, calculate.
8. the estimating charge/discharge electricity amount method of secondary cell as claimed in claim 3, wherein, in the calculation procedure of described polarizing voltage, with reference to temperature as parameter and pre-prepd polarizing voltage-charge/discharge electricity amount characteristic, calculate described polarizing voltage.
9. the estimating charge/discharge electricity amount method of secondary cell as claimed in claim 3, wherein, in the calculation procedure of described electromotive force, additive operation value based on remaining capacity of before described specified time limit, calculating and described measurement charge/discharge electricity amount, reference as parameter and pre-prepd electromotive force-remaining capacity characteristic, is calculated described electromotive force with temperature.
10. the polarizing voltage presuming method of a secondary cell comprises:
The step that the estimating charge/discharge electricity amount method of the described secondary cell of use claim 1 is come the calculation charge/discharge electricity amount; And
Based on the described charge/discharge electricity amount of inferring, calculate the step of the polarizing voltage of described secondary cell once more.
11. the remaining capacity presuming method of a secondary cell comprises:
The step that the estimating charge/discharge electricity amount method of the described secondary cell of use claim 1 is come the calculation charge/discharge electricity amount; And
Based on the described charge/discharge electricity amount of inferring, calculate the step of the remaining capacity of described secondary cell.
12. the estimating charge/discharge electricity amount device of a secondary cell comprises:
Current measurement portion measures the electric current that flows through in the secondary cell as current data;
Voltage measurement portion measures the terminal voltage of described secondary cell as voltage data;
The non-load voltage operational part, obtain a plurality of from described current measurement portion current data and corresponding to the data splitting from the voltage data of described voltage measurement portion of this current data, and under the situation that has satisfied specific alternative condition, for described a plurality of data splittings, the voltage intercept non-load voltage when calculating electric current in the near linear of obtaining by statistical treatment and being zero;
The open-circuit voltage operational part is continuing to have satisfied sometime under the situation of particular current conditioned disjunction voltage conditions, calculates open-circuit voltage according to the terminal voltage of described secondary cell;
Measuring voltage variable quantity operational part, the described non-load voltage in during the computational rules or the variable quantity (Δ Vb) of described open-circuit voltage; And
Infer the charge/discharge electricity amount operational part,, calculate and to infer charge/discharge electricity amount (Δ Qe) with respect to described secondary cell based on the variable quantity of described non-load voltage or described open-circuit voltage.
13. the estimating charge/discharge electricity amount device of secondary cell as claimed in claim 12, wherein, described device also comprises:
Voltage variety is adjusted constant and is adjusted coefficient settings portion, for the variable quantity (Δ Vb) of described non-load voltage or described open-circuit voltage, preestablish the rerum natura that depends on described secondary cell and charging and discharging state and the adjustment constant (Δ Vbc) of the voltage variety that determines and adjust coefficient (Kb);
Electromotive force changes the constant configuration part, preestablish the rerum natura that depends on described secondary cell and charging and discharging state, be that electromotive force changes constant (Keq) with respect to the variable quantity of the electromotive force of the charge/discharge electricity amount in the use zone of remaining capacity; And
Polarizing voltage generation constant configuration part, preestablishing the rerum natura and the charging and discharging state that depend on described secondary cell determines, is polarizing voltage generation constant (Kpol) with respect to the variable quantity of the polarizing voltage of the variable quantity of the charge/discharge electricity amount in the use zone of remaining capacity
The described charge/discharge electricity amount operational part of inferring uses
ΔQe＝Kb×(ΔVb+ΔVbc)/(Keq+Kpol)
The formula of expression, calculating is as the described charge/discharge electricity amount Δ Qe that infers of the function of the variation delta Vb of described non-load voltage or described open-circuit voltage.
14. the estimating charge/discharge electricity amount device of secondary cell as claimed in claim 12, wherein, described device also comprises:
Measure the charge/discharge electricity amount operational part, calculate measurement charge/discharge electricity amount in described specified time limit according to the electric current that flows through in the described secondary cell;
The polarizing voltage operational part calculates the polarizing voltage of described secondary cell based on described measurement charge/discharge electricity amount;
The electromotive force operational part calculates the electromotive force of described secondary cell based on described measurement charge/discharge electricity amount;
Polarizing voltage variable quantity operational part calculates the variable quantity of the described polarizing voltage in described specified time limit; And
Electromotive force variable quantity operational part calculates the variable quantity of the described electromotive force in described specified time limit,
The described charge/discharge electricity amount operational part of inferring calculates the described charge/discharge electricity amount of inferring based on described polarizing voltage variable quantity, described electromotive force variable quantity, and the variable quantity of described non-load voltage or described open-circuit voltage.
15. the estimating charge/discharge electricity amount device of secondary cell as claimed in claim 14, wherein, the described charge/discharge electricity amount operational part of inferring comprises based on described polarizing voltage variable quantity, described electromotive force variable quantity, and the variable quantity of described non-load voltage or described open-circuit voltage, calculating be multiply by described measurement charge/discharge electricity amount with described correction coefficient and is calculated the described charge/discharge electricity amount of inferring with respect to the correction coefficient operational part of the correction coefficient of described measurement charge/discharge electricity amount.
16. the estimating charge/discharge electricity amount device of secondary cell as claimed in claim 15, wherein, at described polarizing voltage variable quantity is that Δ Vpol, described electromotive force variable quantity are that the variable quantity of Δ Veq, described non-load voltage or described open-circuit voltage is that Δ Vb, described correction coefficient are under the situation of α, and described correction coefficient alpha is with α=Δ Vb/ (Δ Vpol+ Δ Veq) expression.
17. the estimating charge/discharge electricity amount device of secondary cell as claimed in claim 14, wherein, described polarizing voltage operational part calculates described polarizing voltage based on describedly inferring polarizing voltage and the described measurement charge/discharge electricity amount that charge/discharge electricity amount is calculated according to what calculated before described specified time limit.
18. the estimating charge/discharge electricity amount device of secondary cell as claimed in claim 14, wherein, described electromotive force operational part calculates described electromotive force based on describedly inferring electromotive force and the described measurement charge/discharge electricity amount that charge/discharge electricity amount is calculated according to what calculated before described specified time limit.
19. the estimating charge/discharge electricity amount device of secondary cell as claimed in claim 14, wherein, described device also comprises the temperature survey portion that the temperature of described secondary cell is measured as temperature data, described polarizing voltage operational part is with reference to calculating described polarizing voltage from the temperature data of described temperature survey portion as parameter and pre-prepd polarizing voltage-charge/discharge electricity amount characteristic.
20. the estimating charge/discharge electricity amount device of secondary cell as claimed in claim 14, wherein, described device also comprises the temperature survey portion that the temperature of described secondary cell is measured as temperature data, described electromotive force operational part is based on the additive operation value of remaining capacity of calculating before specified time limit and described measurement charge/discharge electricity amount, with reference to calculating described electromotive force from the temperature data of described temperature survey portion as parameter and pre-prepd electromotive force-remaining capacity characteristic.
21. the polarizing voltage estimating device of a secondary cell, comprise:, calculate the polarizing voltage calculating part again of the polarizing voltage of described secondary cell once more based on the charge/discharge electricity amount of inferring of calculating by the estimating charge/discharge electricity amount device of the described secondary cell of claim 12.
22. the remaining capacity estimating device of a secondary cell comprises:, calculate the remaining capacity operational part of the remaining capacity of described secondary cell based on the charge/discharge electricity amount of inferring out by the estimating charge/discharge electricity amount device of the described secondary cell of claim 12.
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