CN1827825A - Novel chrome steel high speed steel and heat treatment process thereof - Google Patents
Novel chrome steel high speed steel and heat treatment process thereof Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to a novel high-speed alloys steel, in particular a novel chromium series high speed steel and its heat treatment process. The steel comprises the components (by weight percent) of C 0.85%-1.05%, Si 0.2-0.4%, Mn 0.2-0.4%, Cr 9.0-11.0%, W 4.5-6.5%, Mo 0.6-2.0%, V 0.6-2.0%, Ni 0.1-0.3%, Co 0.3-5.0%, Nb 0.8%-1.8%, S <=0.015%, P<=0.02%, and balancing Fe. The high speed steel has enough tenacity and abrasion-resistance, its thermal treatment process is also disclosed.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of novel alloy rapid steel, relate in particular to novel chrome steel high speed steel and thermal treatment process thereof.
Background technology
The existing high speed steel material that is used for cold-punching mould and cutting tool, cutter is general to adopt homemade high speed steel W 6Mo5Cr4V2 to make, the chemical ingredients of alloy is (weight %): C0.80%～0.90%, Si≤0.45%, Mn≤0.40%, W5.50%～6.75%, Mo4.50%～5.50%, Cr3.80%～4.40%, V1.75%～2.20%, S≤0.03%, P≤0.03%, all the other are Fe.This rapid steel contains more high-load Mo, now since on the world market Mo lack, price comparison costliness, and this rapid steel tungsten, content of vanadium are also higher, the cost of therefore producing alloy also raises greatly.
Chinese invention patent (notification number is CN1014081) discloses low alloy high speed steel, the concrete chemical ingredients that it is characterized in that this steel grade is (weight %) C0.85%～1.05%, W3.0%～5.0%, Mo2.0%～3.5%, Cr3.5%～5.0%, V1.20%～1.80%, Si0.70%～1.20%, Mn0.20%～0.50%, N0.02%-0.08%, S≤0.03%, P≤0.03%, all the other are Fe.Thereby this rapid steel reduces production costs by reducing the alloying element amount, but because this rapid steel is the same with the W6Mo5Cr4V2 steel, all contains more high-load Mo, W, V, so production cost does not fundamentally obtain to reduce.
Chinese invention patent (notification number is CN1149298) discloses a kind of high-speed antiwear cast steel, it is characterized in that the concrete chemical ingredients of this steel grade is (weight %), C1.8%～4.2%, W2%～12%, Mo3%～12%, Cr4%～15%, Co0%～10%, V2.5%～10%, Nb0.3%～2.5%, Si0.5%～1.5%, Mn0.3%～0.8%, Al0.02%～0.10%, N0.02%～0.10%, S≤0.03%, P≤0.03%, all the other are Fe.The characteristics of this rapid steel are high-carbon, high vanadium, Gao Ge, add a large amount of W, Mo, Cr, V and Nb carbide forming element, and these carbide elements provide the important factor of wear resistance, so this rapid steel has advantages of good casting, and are wear-resisting.But because this rapid steel contains a large amount of Mo, V, so production cost is higher than the W6Mo5Cr4V2 rapid steel especially, and its versatility is not strong yet.
Summary of the invention
Keep steel that enough wear resistancies and toughness are arranged again in order to solve existing general W6Mo5Cr4V2 rapid steel manufacturing cost height, the purpose of this invention is to provide a kind of replacement W6Mo5Cr4V2, have enough toughness and wear resistance, can make punch die, cutting tool, cutter, and the low novel chrome steel high speed steel of production cost.
Second purpose of the present invention provides the thermal treatment process of above-mentioned novel chrome steel high speed steel.
In order to reach first above-mentioned goal of the invention, the present invention has adopted following technical scheme:
Novel chrome steel high speed steel, this rapid steel comprises by weight percentage: carbon C0.85%～1.05%, silicon Si0.2%～0.4%, manganese Mn0.2%～0.4%, chromium Cr9.0%～11.0%, tungsten W4.5%～6.5%, molybdenum Mo0.6%～2.0%, vanadium V0.6%～2.0%, nickel 0.1%～0.3%, cobalt Co0.3%～5.0%, niobium Nb0.8～1.8%, sulphur S≤0.015%, phosphorus P≤0.02%, its surplus is iron Fe.
As preferred again, this rapid steel comprises by weight percentage: carbon C0.9%～1.0%, silicon Si0.2%～0.4%, manganese Mn0.2%～0.4%, chromium Cr9.5%～10.5%, tungsten W5.0%～6.0%, molybdenum Mo0.6%～1.5%, vanadium V0.6%～1.5%, nickel 0.1%～0.3%, cobalt Co0.3%～0.8%, niobium Nb0.8～1.8%, sulphur S≤0.015%, phosphorus P≤0.02%, its surplus is iron Fe.
As most preferably, this rapid steel comprises by weight percentage: carbon C0.95%, silicon Si0.3%, manganese Mn0.3%, chromium Cr10%, tungsten W5.5%, molybdenum Mo1.0%, vanadium V1.0%, nickel 0.2%, cobalt Co0.5%, niobium Nb1.2%, sulphur S≤0.015%, phosphorus P≤0.02%, its surplus is iron Fe.
As preferably, this rapid steel also comprises: the titanium below 0.3%.
As preferably, this rapid steel also comprises: the rare earth element below 0.05%.
In order to realize second purpose of the present invention, the thermal treatment process of novel chrome steel high speed steel of the present invention may further comprise the steps:
(1), preheat, pre-heating temperature is 500 ℃～550 ℃, the time of preheating is 45～60 minutes.
(2), the heating of quenching, quenching temperature is 1120 ℃～1160 ℃, adopts the cooling of oil cooling or air cooling or salt bath;
(3), tempering, tempering temperature is 520 ℃～540 ℃, air cooling is to room temperature then.
As preferably, after preheating, carry out preheating the second time, quench then, pre-heating temperature is 850 ℃～900 ℃ for the second time, the time of preheating is 30～60 minutes.
As preferably, the tempering air cooling carries out the tempering second time later on again, and tempering temperature is 520 ℃～540 ℃, and air cooling is to room temperature then.
As preferably, the air cooling of tempering for the second time carries out tempering for the third time later on again, and tempering temperature is 520 ℃～540 ℃, and air cooling is to room temperature then.
What the main composition range of the present invention was determined the reasons are as follows:
Carbon, the various carbide that it and carbide forming element form are vital tissue factors that steel obtains hot strength.An amount of superfluous carbide can stop grain growth, improves wear resistance.But carbon content is too high, can make steel lose plasticity, because carbide is too much, skewness can cause that also mould bursts apart in addition.The suitable content of carbon of the present invention is 0.85%～1.05%.
Silicon its objective is the hardening capacity, temper resistance and the matrix strength that improve steel, guarantees hot strength, hot hardness and the thermostability of steel, and the suitable content of silicon of the present invention is 0.2%～0.4%.
Manganese its objective is the intensity that steel is provided, and can slacken and eliminate the detrimentally affect of sulphur, improves the hardening capacity of steel, and the suitable content of manganese of the present invention is 0.2%～0.4%.
Chromium, main effect is hardening capacity, wear resistance and the oxidation-resistance that improves steel, chromium is a kind of intensive carbide forming element, it can form multiple compound with carbon, and form the compound compound with iron carbon, improve the hardness and the intensity of steel, and chromium and tungsten form double carbide jointly, chromium can improve double carbide solubleness in austenite when temperature is low, and carbide gathers in the time of can also stoping high temperature.But too high chromium content impairs the hot strength of steel.The suitable content of chromium of the present invention is 9.0%～11.0%.
Vanadium, main effect is the grain structure of energy refinement steel, improves the hot hardness and the hot strength of steel, toughness and wear resistance when it can increase the hardening capacity of steel when high temperature fuses into austenite, can prevent the thermo-responsive tendency of mistake of steel.But mechanical property is not good after the high steel tempering of content of vanadium, and grindability is also relatively poor.The suitable content of vanadium of the present invention is 0.6%～2.0%.
Tungsten, main effect is the red hardness and the heat resistance that can improve steel, and can improve the wear resistance of steel.The suitable content of tungsten of the present invention is 4.5%～6.5%.
Molybdenum, main effect is the hardening capacity and the heat resistance that can improve steel, prevents temper brittleness.But the high steel of molybdenum content is being heated to 800 ℃～very easily decarburization more than 850 ℃ the time.The suitable content of molybdenum of the present invention is 0.6%～2.0%.
Cobalt is non-carbide forming element.Main hot strength and the cutting character that improves steel alloy.The suitable content of cobalt of the present invention is 0.3～5.0%.
Nickel, the same with cobalt, be non-carbide forming element, improve the intensity of steel by the solution strengthening mode, plasticity, toughness also there are improvement.Simultaneously, add nickel and can reduce the critical quenching rate of steel, thereby the hardening capacity of steel is improved greatly.In a word, the comprehensive mechanical performance of chromium, nickel coexistence can the raising greatly steel in the steel, the suitable content of nickel of the present invention is 0.1～0.3%.
Niobium, it is the carbide forming element also stronger than vanadium.A spot of niobium mainly exists with the form of niobium carbide in the steel.Can stop austenite crystal to be grown up, thereby improve toughness, improve hot worked processing performance.The suitable content of niobium of the present invention is 0.8～1.8%.
Titanium can improve wear resisting property.The present invention adopts the titanium below 0.3%.
Rare earth has tangible effect to the antioxidant property that improves alloy, and in addition, rare earth has direct improvement to FATIGUE CRACK GROWTH.The present invention adopts the rare earth element below 0.05%.
When the development new steel grade, under the prerequisite of the superperformance that guarantees steel, from economic implications: 1) make full use of national resources, save rare or valuable alloying element; 2) give full play to polynary a spot of effect; 3) make full use of heat treating method.
High speed steel material of the present invention is compared with homemade high speed steel W 6Mo5Cr4V2, has replaced a large amount of molybdenums with chromium, has saved the usage quantity of molybdenum, also reduces the usage quantity of vanadium, tungsten simultaneously, thereby has reduced the production cost of steel alloy; Add non-carbide elemental nickel, improve the intensity of steel, have high plasticity and toughness again simultaneously, and the hardening capacity of steel is increased strongly, and the adding of cobalt has improved the thermohardening and the cutting ability of steel alloy greatly by the solution strengthening mode; Adding carbide forming element niobium has improved the toughness of steel, has improved hot worked processing performance.The present invention contains P, S amount very low (particularly P), so the purity of steel is good especially, and every performance of steel is played guarantee effect.This rapid steel annealing Brinell hardness reaches HB250.Therefore rapid steel of the present invention has higher thermohardening and cutting ability, has high toughness, wear resistance again.And material cost is significantly less than homemade high speed steel W 6Mo5Cr4V2, is applicable to make various cold-punching moulds, cutting tool, cutter.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is novel chrome steel high speed steel heat treatment cycle curve figure of the present invention.
Embodiment
Embodiment 1
Novel chrome steel high speed steel, this rapid steel comprises by weight percentage: carbon C0.95%, silicon Si0.3%, manganese Mn0.3%, chromium Cr10%, tungsten W5.5%, molybdenum Mo1.0%, vanadium V1.0%, nickel 0.2%, cobalt Co0.5%, niobium Nb1.2%, titanium Ti0.3%, rare earth element 0.05%, sulphur S≤0.015%, phosphorus P≤0.02%, its surplus is iron Fe.
Above-mentioned novel chrome steel high speed steel thermal treatment process may further comprise the steps:
(1), for the first time preheat, temperature is 500 ℃, and the time of preheating is 60 minutes;
(2), for the second time preheat, temperature is 900 ℃, and the time of preheating is 45 minutes;
(3), the heating of quenching, quenching temperature is 1120 ℃～1160 ℃, the cool time is: (25+ material thickness/2) minute, oil cooling to 200 ℃～250 ℃ then;
(4), tempering for the first time, tempering temperature is 520 ℃～540 ℃, tempering time is 120 minutes, air cooling is to room temperature then.
(5), tempering for the second time, tempering temperature is 520 ℃～540 ℃, tempering time is 120 minutes, air cooling is to room temperature then.
(6), tempering for the third time, tempering temperature is 520 ℃～540 ℃, tempering time is 120 minutes, air cooling is to room temperature then.
Embodiment 2
Novel chrome steel high speed steel, this rapid steel comprises by weight percentage: carbon C0.9%, silicon Si0.2%, manganese Mn0.2%, chromium Cr9.5%, tungsten W5.0%, molybdenum Mo0.6%, vanadium V0.6%, nickel 0.1%, cobalt Co0.3%, niobium Nb0.8%, titanium Ti0.3%, rare earth element 0.05%, sulphur S≤0.015%, phosphorus P≤0.02%, its surplus is iron Fe.
Above-mentioned novel chrome steel high speed steel thermal treatment process may further comprise the steps:
(1), for the first time preheat, temperature is 500 ℃, and the time of preheating is 60 minutes;
(2), for the second time preheat, temperature is 900 ℃, and the time of preheating is 45 minutes;
(3), the heating of quenching, quenching temperature is 1120 ℃～1160 ℃, the cool time is: (25+ material thickness/2) minute, salt bath cooling then, 600 ℃ of classifications insulations, salt bath to 200 ℃～250 ℃ then;
(4), tempering for the first time, tempering temperature is 520 ℃～540 ℃, tempering time is 120 minutes, air cooling is to room temperature then.
(5), tempering for the second time, tempering temperature is 520 ℃～540 ℃, tempering time is 120 minutes, air cooling is to room temperature then.
(6), tempering for the third time, tempering temperature is 520 ℃～540 ℃, tempering time is 120 minutes, air cooling is to room temperature then.
Embodiment 3
Novel chrome steel high speed steel, this rapid steel comprises by weight percentage: carbon C1.0%, silicon Si0.4%, manganese Mn0.4%, chromium Cr10.5%, tungsten W6.0%, molybdenum Mo1.5%, vanadium V1.5%, nickel 0.3%, cobalt Co0.8%, niobium Nb1.8%, titanium Ti0.3%, rare earth 0.05%, sulphur S≤0.015%, phosphorus P≤0.02%, its surplus is iron Fe.
Above-mentioned novel chrome steel high speed steel thermal treatment process may further comprise the steps:
(1), for the first time preheat, temperature is 500 ℃, and the time of preheating is 60 minutes;
(2), for the second time preheat, temperature is 900 ℃, and the time of preheating is 45 minutes;
(3), the heating of quenching, quenching temperature is 1120 ℃～1160 ℃, the cool time is: (25+ material thickness/2) minute, air cooling to 200 ℃～250 ℃ then;
(4), tempering for the first time, tempering temperature is 520 ℃～540 ℃, tempering time is 120 minutes, air cooling is to room temperature then.
(5), tempering for the second time, tempering temperature is 520 ℃～540 ℃, tempering time is 120 minutes, air cooling is to room temperature then.
(6), tempering for the third time, tempering temperature is 520 ℃～540 ℃, tempering time is 120 minutes, air cooling is to room temperature then.
Claims (9)
1. novel chrome steel high speed steel is characterized in that this rapid steel comprises by weight percentage: carbon C0.85%～1.05%, silicon Si0.2%～0.4%, manganese Mn0.2%～0.4%, chromium Cr9.0%～11.0%, tungsten W4.5%～6.5%, molybdenum Mo0.6%～2.0%, vanadium V0.6%～2.0%, nickel 0.1%～0.3%, cobalt Co0.3%～5.0%, niobium Nb0.8～1.8%, sulphur S≤0.015%, phosphorus P≤0.02%, its surplus is iron Fe.
2. novel chrome steel high speed steel as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that this rapid steel comprises by weight percentage: carbon C0.9%～1.0%, silicon Si0.2%～0.4%, manganese Mn0.2%～0.4%, chromium Cr9.5%～10.5%, tungsten W5.0%～6.0%, molybdenum Mo0.6%～1.5%, vanadium V0.6%～1.5%, nickel 0.1%～0.3%, cobalt Co0.3%～0.8%, niobium Nb0.8～1.8%, sulphur S≤0.015%, phosphorus P≤0.02%, its surplus is iron Fe.
3. novel chrome steel high speed steel as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that this rapid steel comprises by weight percentage: carbon C0.95%, silicon Si0.3%, manganese Mn0.3%, chromium Cr10%, tungsten W5.5%, molybdenum Mo1.0%, vanadium V1.0%, nickel 0.2%, cobalt Co0.5%, niobium Nb1.2%, sulphur S≤0.015%, phosphorus P≤0.02%, its surplus is iron Fe.
4. as claim 1 or 2 or 3 described novel chrome steel high speed steels, it is characterized in that this rapid steel also comprises: the titanium below 0.3%.
5. as claim 1 or 2 or 3 described novel chrome steel high speed steels, it is characterized in that this rapid steel also comprises: the rare earth element below 0.05%.
6. the thermal treatment process of novel chrome steel high speed steel as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that may further comprise the steps:
(1), preheat, pre-heating temperature is 500 ℃～550 ℃, the time of preheating is 45～60 minutes.
(2), the heating of quenching, quenching temperature is 1120 ℃～1160 ℃, adopts the cooling of oil cooling or air cooling or salt bath;
(3), tempering, tempering temperature is 520 ℃～540 ℃, air cooling is to room temperature then.
7. the thermal treatment process of novel chrome steel high speed steel as claimed in claim 6 after it is characterized in that preheating, carries out preheating the second time, quenches then, and pre-heating temperature is 850 ℃～900 ℃ for the second time, and the time of preheating is 30～60 minutes.
8. the thermal treatment process of novel chrome steel high speed steel as claimed in claim 6 is characterized in that the tempering air cooling carries out the tempering second time later on again, and tempering temperature is 520 ℃～540 ℃, and air cooling is to room temperature then.
9. the thermal treatment process of novel chrome steel high speed steel as claimed in claim 8 is characterized in that the air cooling of tempering for the second time carries out tempering for the third time later on again, and tempering temperature is 520 ℃～540 ℃, and air cooling is to room temperature then.
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